考研考博-英语-广州医科大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州医科大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

I______withthanksthehelpofmycolleaguesinthepreparationofthisnewcolumn.

问题1选项

A.express

B.confess

C.verify

D.acknowledge

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项express“表达”；B项confess“承认、坦白”；C项verify“核实、查证”；D项acknowledge“承认、答谢、报偿”；句意：我感谢同事们在准备这个新专栏时给予我的帮助。acknowledgewiththanksthehelpof“答谢……的帮助”；因此该题D项正确。

2.单选题

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbymanyvariables,suchaslanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

（42）Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture---onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thebusinessmodelofPepsi（）.

3.Tothefirstschoolofthoughtinthebusinessworld,（）.

4.Theinformationinthispassageismeantforthose（）.

5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies（）.

问题1选项

A.Itisimpossibleforinternationalmanagerstolearnaforeignculture.

B.Factualknowledgeofculturehastobelearnedkeenedthroughexperience.

C.Oneneedsbothfactualandinterpretativeknowledgeofcultureintheinternationalmarketplace.

D.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisthefirststeptodealwiththeculturalchallengeoftheinternationalmarketplace.

问题2选项

A.offersabetterwaytodealwiththecomplicatedculturalchallenges

B.issimilartothatofMcDonald’s

C.doesnotbelieveinglobalization

D.hasovercomeculturaldifferencesinbusiness

问题3选项

A.doingbusinessislikeanorgantransplant

B.differentpoliciesshouldbesetupindifferentcountries

C.businessisbusinesstheworldaround

D.peoplewhobelieveinthesecondschoolofthoughthavemyopia

问题4选项

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

B.whohavefriendsorrelativelivingabroad

C.whowanttotravelorstudyabroad

D.whowanttodobusinessinothercountries

问题5选项

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

B.followsimplerrulesintheirbusinessoperation

C.allhavethequalityofpatience

D.allhaveconnectionsoverseas

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。由第一段Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.为了适应这一体系，一个国际经理需要事实知识和解释性知识。可知C项“在国际市场中，一个人既需要事实知识，也需要解释性知识。”正确。A项“国际经理不可能学习外国文化”文中没有提到；B项“文化中的事实知识需要从经验中获得”与“Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.在某种程度上，事实知识是可以学习的;它的解释只来自于经验。”不符；D项文中未提到。故C项正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键词Pepsi定位到第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商业就是世界的商业，效仿百事和麦当劳的模式。由此可知百事和麦当劳的商业模式相似。故B项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商业就是世界的商业，效仿百事和麦当劳的模式。可知C项正确。

4.意图题。文章开篇就提到了在国际市场上，国际经理应该具备的知识。最后一段也提及了成功的国际公司应有的品质及遵循的原则。所以本文信息主要对与其他国家做生意的人有用。故D项正确。

5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.国际上成功的公司都有一个重要的品质:耐心。”故C项正确。

3.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.这些新设立的企业带动了上千万人就业，而且成长性强，是中国经济增长新的支撑力量。我们不仅降低市场准入门槛，采取“雪中送炭”的政策支持这些新设企业，还加强事中事后监管、创造公平竞争的市场环境，织密社会保障安全网、让创业创新者无后顾之忧，培植企业健康成长的沃土。

2.中国是医疗卫生领域国际合作的倡导者、推动者和践行者，始终致力于实现国际人口与发展大会行动纲领，全面落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程特别是健康领域可持续发展目标，积极开展对外医疗援助和全球应急处置，认真履行健康领域国际公约，勇于承担国际人道主义责任。

3.贫困的广泛存在严重妨碍人权的充分实现和享有。减缓和消除贫困，是人权保障的重要内容。多年来，中国政府坚持消除贫困、改善民生、逐步实现共同富裕，持续开展以农村扶贫开发为中心的减贫行动，努力实现脱贫致富。

【答案】1.Thesenewbusinesshavegeneratedmorethan10millionjobs,andhavebecomeanewpillarofChina’seconomicgrowththankstotheirstronggrowthprospect.Wehavenotonlyloweredthethresholdofmarketaccessbyofferingmuch-neededpolicysupporttothesenewly-establishedbusinesses,butalsoenhancedon-goingandex-postoversight,createdamarketenvironmentfeaturingfaircompetition,andimprovedthesocialsecuritynetwork,sothatthoseinvolvedinentrepreneurshipandinnovationwillhavenoadditionalworriesandwillgrowhealthilyonthelandwehavefosteredforthem.

2.Chinaadvocates,promotesandcarriesoutinternationalmedicalandhealthcooperation.ItisfirmlycommittedtorealizingtheProgramofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment,andimplementingtheUnitedNations2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment,especiallysustainabledevelopmentgoalsrelatingtohealth.Chinaactivelyprovidesmedicalaidtoothercountries,andpromptlyconductsglobalemergencyresponses.Itearnestlyimplementsinternationalhealthconventionsandshouldersitsinternationalhumanitarianresponsibilities.

3.Povertyissowidespreadthatithasseriouslyhinderedthefulfilmentandenjoymentofhumanrights;reducingandeliminatingpovertyisthereforeamajorelementofhumanrightsprotection.Overtherecentdecades,theChinesegovernmenthaspreservedinitsattempttoeliminatepoverty,improvepeople’swell-being,andgraduallyrealizecommonprosperity.Ithasmadecontinuousdevelopment-orientedpoverty-reductioneffortsinruralareastohelpthosewhoarestrivingtoescapefrompovertyandimprovethequalityoftheirlives.

4.单选题

Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis（

）toacertainbookorarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.

问题1选项

A.reaction

B.comment

C.impression

D.comprehension

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。reactionto对......的反应，对......的看法或意见；选项B一般与on搭配；选项C和D一般与of搭配。句意：有时，学生可能会被要求写他对某本书或某篇与正在研究的主题有关的文章的看法。选项A符合语境。

5.单选题

Themandenied______anythingatthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.

问题1选项

A.tohavestolen

B.tosteal

C.havingstolen

D.havingbeenstealing

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查时态。句意：警察盘问那人时，他否认偷了超市里的任何东西。根据动词短语denydoingsth.确定非谓语动词用现在分词ing形式，根据steal的动作发生在deny之前，确定用完成时，C选项havingstolen符合题意。没有denytodosth.的用法，A选项tohavestolen和B选项tosteal错误。D选项havingbeenstealing没有这个用法，语法错误。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

（

）troublesometheproblemis,hefacesitwithpatience.

问题1选项

A.However

B.Nomatter

C.Despite

D.Although

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词的用法。However引导让步状语从句，与nomatterhow+形容词这个结构表示一样的意思，所以A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Ifyou（）thebottleandcigarettes,you’llbemuchhealthier.

问题1选项

A.takeoff

B.keepoff

C.getoff

D.setoff

【答案】B

【解析】短语辨析。句意：如果你酒瓶和烟，你会更健康。takeoff脱掉，起飞；keepoff挡住，禁食，不接近；getoff下车；setoff出发，（使）开始。因此，B项keepoff符合句意，在此表示“远离，戒掉，不接近”。

8.单选题

Thedirectionswereso（

）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ingenious意为“精巧的，巧妙的，机敏的”；ambitious意为“有野心的，有雄心的”，一般形容人；notorious意为“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”。

句意：这些指示太不明确了，以致不可能完成任务。

9.单选题

What’stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?China?India!Brazil?Howabouttrade?

WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.

Butthere’sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession—areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates—butaneconomicexpansion.

Therisingvolumeoftrade—moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates—isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,andlogisticshaveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets—whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintradesensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice—agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.

Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM’sbalancesheetandhencemakestheJobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.

OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That’stobeexpected,givenwhatwe’vebeenthrough.Butthere’sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndiaorBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit’snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.

Companiesandindividualswhodon’thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkers,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion’sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.

1.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?

3.Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?

4.WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?

5.Whatistheauthor’sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?

问题1选项

A.ItreflectsAmerican’spreferenceforimportedgoods.

B.ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.

C.ItistheresultofAmerican’sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.

D.Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.

问题2选项

A.ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased

B.ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.

C.Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.

D.Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.

问题3选项

A.Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.

B.Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.

C.Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.

D.Retailerdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.

问题4选项

A.Competitionfromoverseas.

B.People’sreluctancetospend

C.Slacktradeactivities

D.Decreasingproductivity

问题5选项

A.Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.

B.Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.

C.Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.

D.Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.”，可知悲观主义者认为，如果这种失衡继续下去，可能会导致经济增长放缓。可判断出悲观主义者认为美国6月份的贸易逆差导致国民经济增长放缓。因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段第二句，“Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession—areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates—butaneconomicexpansion.”，可知过去两年，进出口数据似乎没有显示出二次衰退的迹象，即美国经济活动水平的再次下降，而数据显示是经济扩张。可判断出对于两年的贸易数据，表明美国的经济活动有所增加。因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第四段，“Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintradesensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice—agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.”，可知对那些从事贸易行业的人来说，贸易上涨也是一个好消息，尤其是那些生产大宗商品，这些商品的价格由全球的需求多决定，如农产品、矿业、金属和石油。可判断出，贸易上涨最受益的是农产品和原材料生产者。因此选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段第一二句，“OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.”，可知美国经济面临的一个巨大挑战是国内消费需求疲软。美国人正在偿还债务，增加储蓄，从而更加谨慎地消费。可判断出美国经济面临的最大的挑战是人们不愿意消费。因此选项B符合题意。

5.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段，“Companiesandindividualswhodon’thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkers,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion’sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.”，可知作者提出那些没有增加、没有更多参与国外市场、没有在全球贸易中发挥作用的公司和个人，正在把自己推离于世界经济机会的最大份额之外。可判断出作者是建议公司和个人更多参与国外市场和国际贸易，以此来增加海外的市场份额。因此选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Thehotel（

）only$50foradoubleroomintheslackseason.

问题1选项

A.claims

B.prices

C.charges

D.demands

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在淡季，这家旅馆的双人间只需要50美元。

考查固定搭配。chargefor索价,要价。

11.单选题

Ifsomethingverysubstantialisnotdonenextmonth,hecannot（）hisoffice.

问题1选项

A.obtain

B.secure

C.have

D.retain

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。obtain“获得”；secure“保护”；have“拥有”；retain“保留”。句意：如果下个月没有做一些实质性的工作，他将保不住他的职位。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

In（

）oftheoldergirls,eventheten-year-oldshavestartedwearinglipstickandmake-up.

问题1选项

A.adoption

B.admiration

C.application

D.imitation

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。A选项adoption“采用、收养”；B选项admiration“钦佩、赞赏”；C选项application“应用、申请”；D选项imitation“模仿、仿造”。inimitationof固定短语的意思是“模仿”，句意为：即使10岁大的女孩子也开始模仿年龄大点的女孩涂唇膏和化妆。故正确答案选D。

13.单选题

Theguiltyverdictwaswidelyexpected,althoughharsherthanmanyhadpredicted.

问题1选项

A.jury

B.crime

C.convict

D.judgment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。verdict表示“结论，裁定”。A项jury“陪审团”，B项crime“罪行”，C项convict“罪犯”，D项judgment“意见，判断力”；句意：有罪判决是普遍预期的，尽管比许多人预期的要严厉。根据句意该题选D。

14.单选题

InternationalVaccination:A.jabintimeSomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica.Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits.

Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach.Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammers.Butasmemoriesofthetollfrominfectiousdiseasesfadesacrosstherichworld,insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)reckonsthatvaccinessave2.5mlivesayear.Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine;polioshouldsoonfollow.Inbothcases,richcountriesledtheway.Thenewpatternlooksverydifferent.

Thetrendismostevidentformeasles,whichishighlycontagious.Atleast95%ofpeoplemustvaccinatetostopitsspread(athresholdknownas"herdimmunity").Althoughusuallymild,itcanleadtopneumoniaandcausebraindamageorblindnessthecountrieswiththelowestvaccinationratesareallverypoor,butmanydevelopingcountriesrunexcellentprogrammes(seechart).Eritrea.RwandaandSriLankamanagetovaccinatenearlyeveryone.Bycontrast,severalrichcountries,includingAmerica,Britain.FranceandItaly,arebelowherdimmunity.LastyearEuropemissedthedeadlineithadsetitselfin2010toeradicatemeasles-andhadalmost4,000Cases.Americawasdeclaredmeasles-freein2000;in2014ithadhundredsofcasesacross27statesandlastyearsawitsfirstdeathfromthediseaseinmorethanadecade.Thetrendsforothervaccine-preventablediseases,suchasrubella,whichcancausecongenitaldisabilitiesifapregnantwomancatchesit,arealarming,too.

ThissorrystateofaffairsJsoftenblamedonhardline"anti-vaxxers:parent’suhorefusesallvaccinesfortheirchildren.Theyarcamotleylot.TheAmishinAmericaspurnmodernmedicine,alongwithalmosteverythingelseinventedsincethe17thcentury.Somevegansobjecttotheuseofanimal-derivedproductsinvaccines'manufacture.TheProtestantDutchReformedChurchthinksvaccinesthwartdivinewill.Anthroposophy,foundedinthe19thcenturybyRudolfSteiner,anAustrianmystic-cum-philosopher,preachesthatdiseasesstrengthenchildren'sphysicalandmentaldevelopment.

Inmostcountriessuchrefuseniksareonly2-3%ofparents.Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks.Abiggerproblem,though,isthegrowingnumberofparentswhodelayvaccination,orpickandchoosejabs.StudiesfromAmerica,AustraliaandEuropesuggestthataboutaquarterofparentsfallintothisgroup,generallybecausetheythinkthatthestandardvaccinationschedule,whichprotectsagainstaroundadozendiseases,"overloads-children’simmunesystems,orthatparticularvaccinesareunsafe.Somebelievevaccinesinterferewith“naturalimmunity".Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagainstmeasles,mumpsandrubella.

InAmerica,somepourchildrenmissoutonvaccinesdespiteafederalprogrammetoprovidethejabsfree,sincetheyhavenoregularrelationshipwithafamilydoctor.SomeoutbreaksinEasternEuropehavestartedincommunitiesorRoma(gypsies).Membersofthispoorandostracizedminorityareshunnedbyhealthworkersandoftengounvaccinated.

1.Theword"culprits"(Line2.Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

2.Theword"Anti-vaxxers"(Line1,Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

3.Forsomediseases（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingaccordswiththeauthor'sview?

问题1选项

A.someonewhotriestomakedrug.

B.someonewhosupportsvaccination

C.someonewhoobjectsanti-vaxxers

D.someonewhoperpetrateswrongdoing

问题2选项

A.thosewhorefuseallvaccinesfortheirchildren.

B.thosewhoagreemtakevaccinesfortheirchildren

C.thosewhobelieveinvaccines.

D.thosewhodelayvaccines.

问题3选项

A.richcountriesarelesseffectiveindiseasepreventionthanpoorcountries.

B.richcountriesaretryingtoeradicatewhilepoorcountriescan't.

C.theyfindnowayintherichcountriesbutthepoorcountries.

D.theycomebackinthepoorcountriesonly

问题4选项

A.1980witnessedtheeradicationofsmallpox.

B.isthehelpofvaccine

C.countriessave2.5mlivesayear

D.Vaccinesareusuallymildwithoutharm.

问题5选项

A.Alldiseasewillbeeradicatedifpeopleacceptvaccines.

B.Anti-vaxxerscanbethesourceofoutbreaksbecausetheylendtoliveinclusters.

C.TherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRVaccine-

D.Toomanyvaccineswouldoverloadchildren'simmunesystems

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(与非洲贫困地区相比，部分西方国家的疫苗接种率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits(反疫苗者并非主要的…)。由此推断“culprits”是对“反疫苗者”的介绍。因此D项“做坏事（不道德行为）的某人”正确。

2.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(与非洲贫困地区相比，部分西方国家的疫苗接种率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits，可知，“Anti-vaxxers”是指A项“那些拒绝为孩子接种所有疫苗的人”。

3.判断推理题。A:在疾病预防上，富裕国家没有贫穷国家更有效，第二段指出:Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammes(但对于一些需要接种疫苗而疫苗存在安全隐患的疾病来说，上述模式正好相反。许多落后国家实施高效疫苗接种方案)。因此A正确。B:富国正在努力根除，而贫穷国家却不能。第二段指出:Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach(消灭疾病是发达国家提出的目标，落后的国家则要很努力才能实现这一目标)。C:他们在富国找不到出路，只有在穷国。文章并未体现此项。D:仅仅在贫穷国家卷土重来。根据第二段中“insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback”可知D项错误。因此，本题选A。

4.事实细节题。第三段指出:Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine(在疫苗的作用下，1980年，天花得以消灭)，因此A项正确。

5.判断推理题。A:如果人们接种疫苗，那么所有疾病将根除。此选项在文中找不到依据。B：反疫苗者可能成为爆发的源头，因为他们为群居。倒数第二段指出:Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks(然而，因为他们大多为群居生活，这可能使得他们成为疾病爆发的源头)，因此B项符合作者的观点。C:自闭症和MMR疫苗之间有联系。倒数第二段指出:Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagainstmeasles,mumpsandrubella(许多人曾被一个说法所动摇，该说法声称麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹三联疫苗（MMR疫苗）会导致自闭症一一这一说法后遭拆穿)，因此C项不符合作者的观点。D:太多疫苗会使得孩子的免疫系统超负荷。很多家长推迟或选择性接种疫苗的原因，不是作者的态度。因此选B。

15.单选题

Hewas_______inthestreetsoftheMexicancapitalbymorethanamillionpeople,mostofthemsincerelyinspired.

问题1选项

A.acclaimed

B.attested

C.ratified

D.considered

【答案】A

【解析】acclaim欢呼,喝彩,称赞;attest证明;ratify批准,认可;consider考虑。句意：他在墨西哥首都的大街上受到一百多万人的欢迎,其中大多数人都受到了真诚的鼓舞。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

Iwon’thaveawhisky,thankyou.It’snotthatIdon’tdrink,______thatIdon’tdrinkanddrive.

问题1选项

A.butrather

B.butalso

C.except

D.otherwise

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子逻辑。前面和后面构成转折关系。A项butrather“而是，相反地”表示对比；B项butalso“并且”表示强调；C项except“除了”，exceptthat“只可惜，除了……之外”表示转折；D项otherwise“否则”，一般是作为副词来使用，连接并列分句。句意：我不要威士忌，谢谢。不是我不喝，只可惜我不能喝，要开车。根据句意，正确答案为C。

17.单选题

Fallingsalesandrisingoverheadshaveobligedthecompanytorevieweachcustomer’s（

）limit.

问题1选项

A.credit

B.currency

C.check

D.certificate

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项credit“借贷，贷款，信誉”；B选项currency“货币”；C选项check“支票”；D选项certificate“证明，证明书”。根据limit（限制，限额）可知A选项符合语境。句意：销量下降和管理费用上升迫使公司审查每个客户的信贷限额。

18.单选题

“Depression”ismorethanaseriouseconomicdownturn.Whatdistinguishesadepressionfromaharshrecessionisparalyzingfear—fearoftheunknownsogreatthatitcausesconsumers,businesses,andinvestorstoretreatandpanic.Theysaveupcashanddesperatelycutspending.Theysellstocksandotherassets.Ashatteringlossofconfidenceinspiresbehaviorthatoverwhelmsthenormalself-correctingmechanismsthatusuallypreventarecessionfrombecomingdeepandprolonged:adepression.

Comparing1929with2007-09,ChristinaRomer,theheadofPresidentObama’sCouncilofEconomicAdvisers,findstheinitialblowtoconfidencefargreaternowthanthen.True,stockpricesfellathirdfromSeptembertoDecember1929,butfewerAmericansthenownedstocks.Moreover,homepricesbarelydropped.FromDecember1928toDecember1929,totalhouseholdwealthdeclinedonly3%.Bycontrast,thelossinhouseholdwealthbetweenDecember2007andDecember2008was17%.Bothstocksandhomes,morewidelyheld,droppedmore.Thustraumatized,theeconomymighthavegoneintoafreefallendingindepression.Indeed,itdidgointofreefall.Shoppersrefrainedfrombuyingcars,appliances,andotherbig-ticketitems.Spendingonsuch“durables”droppedata12%annualratein2008’sthirdquarter,a20%rateinthefourth.Andbusinessshelvedinvestmentprojects.

Thatthesehugedeclinesdidn’tleadtodepressionmainlyreflects,asRomerargues,countermeasurestakenbythegovernment.Privatemarketsforgood