高三英语二模D篇阅读分析讲义

高三英语二模D篇阅读分析和答案解析笔者作为天文学爱好者，偶尔喜欢仰望星空，尽管城市夜空很少月明星稀。每当有流星划过夜晚的天际，我总会想到，如果这些“天外来客”轻吻或拥抱我们的地球家园，将会有着怎样的结果。（原文第一自然段）NASAwillcrashaspacecraftintoanasteroid(小行星)totrytochangeitsorbit,attemptingtopreventhumansgoingthesamewayasthedinosaurs.首段点明NASAwillcrashaspacecraftintoanasteroidtotrytochangeitsorbit，此举目的在于避免人类重蹈恐龙灭绝的覆辙。

（原文第二自然段）Earthisconstantlybeingdisturbedbysmallpiecesofdebris(碎片),buttheyusuallyburnuporbreakuplongbeforetheyhittheground.Onceinawhile,however,somethinglargeenoughtodosignificantdamagemakesimpact.About66millionyearsago,onesuchcrashisthoughttohavewipedoutthedinosaurs.Someday,somethingsimilarcouldendhumanbeings—unlesswecanfindawaytotackleit.此段首先言及asteroid影响地球的常识。一类情况是smallpiecesofdebrisburnuporbreakuplongbeforetheyhittheground；第二种情况，somethinglargeenoughtodosignificantdamagemakesimpact。举例说明About66millionyearsago,onesuchcrashisthoughttohavewipedoutthedinosaurs。恐龙灭绝的事实已为humanbeings敲响警钟。为了避免重蹈恐龙灭绝的覆辙，我们该如何应对？

（原文第三自然段）NASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest(Dart)missionisthefirstattempttotestifsuchasteroidredirectionisarealisticstrategy:investigatingwhetheraspacecraftcanautonomouslyreachatargetasteroidandintentionallycrashintoit,aswellasmeasuringtheamountofredirection.“Ifitworks,itwouldbeabigdeal,becauseitwouldprovethatwehavethetechnicalcapabilityofprotectingourselves,”saidJayTate,thedirectoroftheNationalNearEarthObjectInformationCenter.

回到NASA。

DoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest(Dart)mission便是人类第一次尝试，目的在于totestifsuchasteroidredirectionisarealisticstrategy。此处的asteroidredirection，实为第一自然段的changingitsorbit。

具体步骤如下：reachatargetasteroid，crashintoit，measuretheamountofredirection。此举如果成功，其意义在于：it

wouldprovethatwehavethetechnicalcapabilityofprotectingourselves，即为这将证明我们有技术能力来保护我们自身。

（原文第四自然段）The610kgDartspacecraftisscheduledtobelaunchedatthetarget—theDidymossystem—aharmlesspairofasteroidsconsistingofa163-metre“moonlet”asteroidcalledDimorphosthatorbitsalarger780-metreasteroidcalledDidymos(Greekfor“twin”).TheplanistocrashthespacecraftintoDimorphoswhentheasteroidsystemisatitsclosesttoEarth—about6.8millionmilesaway.实验针对目标：theDidymossystem具体撞击对象：Dimorphos,

thatorbitsalarger780-metreasteroidcalledDidymos实验所用工具：The610kgDartspacecraft所选发射位置：atitsclosesttoEarth—about6.8millionmilesaway

（原文第五自然段）About10daysbeforeimpact,aminiaturizedsatellitecalledLiciaCubewillseparatefromthemainspacecraft,enablingimagesoftheimpacttoberelayedbacktoEarth.Combinedwithobservationsfromground-basedtelescopes,andanonboardcamerathatwillrecordthefinalmomentsbeforethecrash,theserecordingswillenablescientiststocalculatethedegreetowhichtheimpacthaschangedDimorphos’sorbit.Theexpectationisthatitwillchangethespeedofthesmallerasteroidbyapproximately1%andreduceitsorbitaroundthelargerasteroid.

操作的第一步：撞击之前十几天，LiciaCube,withanonboardcamerathatwillrecordthefinalmomentsbeforethecrash,willseparatefromthemainspacecraft。此举目的在于enablingimagesoftheimpacttoberelayedbacktoEarth。

（原文第六自然段）Then,inNovember2024,theEuropeanSpaceAgency’sHeraspacecraftwillvisittheDidymossystemandconductafurtherclose-upanalysisoftheconsequencesofthissnooker(斯诺克)game,recordingdetailssuchastheprecisemakeupandinternalstructureofDimorphos,andthesizeandshapeoftheholeleftbyDart.Suchdetailsarevitalfortransformingasteroidredirectionintoarepeatabletechnique.

操作的第二步：theEuropeanSpaceAgency’sHeraspacecraftwillvisittheDidymossystemandconductafurtherclose-upanalysisoftheconsequences，记录包括theprecisemakeupandinternalstructureofDimorphos,andthesizeandshapeoftheholeleftbyDart。这些细节对于transformingasteroidredirectionintoarepeatabletechnique很重要。

（原文第七自然段）Eventhen,itisimpossiblethatanysingleredirectionstrategywouldbeenough.“Theproblemisthatnotwoasteroidsorcometsarealike,andhowyouredirectonedependsonahugenumberofvariables.

Thereisnosilverbulletinthisgame.Whatyouneedisawholefolderofdifferentredirectionmethodsfordifferenttypesoftargets,”saidTate.借用Tate

的观点，表明itisimpossiblethatanysingleredirectionstrategywouldbeenough，也即任何单个的重新定位方向策略都是不可能的。原因在于notwoasteroidsorcometsarealike,andhowyouredirectonedependsonahugenumberofvariables，没有两个同样的小行星或彗星，再有如何重定一个小行星或彗星取决于一系列变量。

（原文第八自然段）So,whilethismaybeonesmallsteptowardsplanetaryprotection,manymorearelikelytobenecessarytoavoiddestruction.

在上一自然段基础之上，得出结论：manymorearelikelytobenecessarytoavoiddestruction。即为，为避免毁灭，则需更多此类redirectionstrategies。

答案解析：

31.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?

A.Toexaminetheimpactofdinosaurs’extinction.B.Toexplainthenecessityoflaunchingaspacecraft.C.Toshowthedamagecausedbysmallpiecesofdebris.D.Tohighlightthecrisisthreateninghumanbeingsatpresent.

解析：答案选D。原文赏析中已略做分析。答案A所提及表述中，原文只涉及dinosaurs’extinction，而examine一词超出原文表达。C答案本身偏颇，可看原文分析。再看干扰性最大的B选项。本段中，作者只是提到unlesswecanfindawaytotackleit，而不是答案B中的launchingaspacecraft的具体方法。答案D中的thecrisisthreateninghumanbeings，对应原文中的

Earthisconstantlybeingdisturbedbysmallpiecesofdebris,buttheyusuallyburnuporbreakuplongbeforetheyhittheground和Onceinawhile,however,somethinglargeenoughtodosignificantdamagemakesimpact两句。而atpresent的表述使得该选项变得过于狭窄。如换成Tohighlightthecrisisofpossibleimpactbyasteroidsthreateninghumanbeings，可能更为合理。鉴于本人水平有限，如分析错误，还请谅解。

32.Whichofthefollowingpicturesillustratesthemission?解析：此题信息来源于第四和第五自然段。注意the610kgDartspacecraft，theDidymossystem，a163-metre“moonlet”asteroidcalledDimorphos，

alarger780-metreasteroidcalledDidymos四个关键词。从TheplanistocrashthespacecraftintoDimorphoswhentheasteroidsystemisatitsclosesttoEarth—about6.8millionmilesaway可知，用thespacecraft去撞击Dimorphos，而非Didymos。故排除B和C。从第五自然段的Theexpectationisthatitwillchangethespeedofthesmallerasteroidbyapproximately1%andreduceitsorbitarou