考研考博-英语-徐州工程学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-徐州工程学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thevalueoftheindustrial（）droppedfromabout70billiondollarstoslightlymorethan31billion.

问题1选项

A.outcome

B.outlook

C.output

D.outset

【答案】C

【解析】常用搭配。industrialoutput指"工业产量",为常用搭配。句意：工业产值从700亿美元下降到310多亿美元。选项C正确。

2.单选题

Thepubliccanrest（

）

thatdetectivesaredoingeverythingpossibletofindthe

murderer.

问题1选项

A.assured

B.approved

C.guaranteed

D.convinced

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restassuredthat“(强调所言确凿无误)尽管放心”。因此选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble（

）totheHistoryMuseum.

问题1选项

A.tofindhisway

B.findinghisway

C.tohavefoundhisway

D.havingfoundhisway

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：在这座城市待了一段时间后，他找历史博物馆完全没有问题。这里根据固定搭配havetroubledoingsth可以把A，C排除。D选项强调过去，但是从句意可知这里表示的是现在找博物馆没有问题，所以答案选B。

4.单选题

Researchershavefoundthatmigratinganimalsuseavarietyofinnercompassestohelpthemnavigate.Somedirectthemselvesbythepositionofthesun.Othersnavigatebythestars.Someusethesunastheirguideduringtheday,andthenswitchtnstarnavigationbynight.OnestudyshowsthatthehomingpigeonusestheEarth'smagneticfieldsasaguideinfindingitswayhome,andthereareindicationsthatvariousotheranimals,frominsectstomollusks,canalsomakeuseofmagneticcompasses.Itisofcourseveryusefulforamigratingbirdtobeabletoswitchtoamagneticcompasswhencloudscoverthesun;otherwiseitwouldjusthavetolandandwaitforthesuntocomeoutagain.

Evenwiththesunorstarstoguideby,theproblemsofnavigationaremorecomplicatedthantheymightseematfirst.Forexample,aworkerhoneybeethathasfoundarichsourceofnectarandpollenfliesrapidlyhometoreport.Ascientisthasdiscoveredthatthebeesentouttolookforfooddeliversherreportthroughacomplicateddancetotheotherworkersnotonlyhowfarawaythefoodis,butalsowhatdirectiontoflyinrelationtothesun.Butthesundoesnotstayinoneplaceallday.Astheworkersstartouttogatherthetoed,thesunmayalreadyhavechangeditspositionintheskysomewhat.Inlatertripsduringtheday,thesunwillseemtomovefartherandfarthertowardthewest.Yettheworkerbeeseemtohavenotroubleatallinfindingthefoodsource.Theirinnerclockstellthemjustwherethesunwillbe,andtheychangetheircoursecorrespondingly.

1.TheauthormentionsallthefollowingnaturalphenomenathathelpanimalsnavigateEXCEPT（）.

2.Whatmakesitnecessaryforabirdtorelyonamagneticcompasswhennavigating?

3.Accordingtothepassagewhatinformationdoesthedanceofthescoutbeecommunicatetotheotherworkerbees?

4.Whatenablesthebeestoflybythesuneventhoughthesun’spositionisnotfixed?

问题1选项

A.thesun

B.thestars

C.magneticfields

D.winddirection

问题2选项

A.Thepossibilityofbadweather

B.Theconstantmotionofthesun.

C.Itspatternsofmigration.

D.Itsneedtoconstantlychangehomes.

问题3选项

A.Thetimeoftheday.

B.Whattheweatherislike.

C.Howfarawaythefoodis.

D.Whichflowersthescouthasfound.

问题4选项

A.Theyareequippedwithbiologicaltimeclocks.

B.Theyflyinformationbehindthescoutbee.

C.Theyhaveexcellenteyesight.

D.Theyhavelongmemories.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段前半部分的内容可知，选项A，B，C均有提及，只有选项D没有提及。

2.细节推断题。根据第一段最后一句“Itisofcourseveryuseful...thesuntocomeoutagain.”当云层遮住太阳时，候鸟利用磁场辨别方向是非常有用的；否则它就只能着陆，等待太阳再次出来。也就是说，当天气不好的时候，鸟就必须依靠磁场来飞行了。所以选项A符合原文。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段的第三句“thebeesentout...flyinrelationtothesun.”被派去寻找食物的蜜蜂通过复杂的舞蹈向其他工蜂传递信息，不仅告诉它们食物有多远，还告诉它们食物和太阳的相对位置。选项C符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“Theirinnerclockstellthemjustwherethesunwillbe,andtheychangetheircoursecorrespondingly.”它们的生物钟告诉它们太阳将在哪里，它们也相应地改变了方向。选项A符合原文。

5.单选题

Asthedirectorcan'tcometothereception,I'mrepresentingthecompany______.

问题1选项

A.onhisaccount

B.onhisbehalf

C.forhispart

D.inhisinterest

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。onone’saccount“为了某人”；onone’sbehalf“代表”；forone’spart“对某人来说”；inone’sinterest无此短语用法。句意：因为主管不能出席招待会，我代表他参加。因此B选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Eatingmorenutritiousfoodthanisneededdoesn'tmakeitfunctionbetter（）overfillingthetankmakesacarmovefaster.

问题1选项

A.notmorethan

B.lessthan

C.nomorethan

D.anymorethan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。notmorethan不超过，至多，不比…更…；nomorethan只是，仅仅，同样不；lessthan比…少；anymorethan至多，仅仅。句意：吃过多超出身体需要的营养品并不会使身体更好，就如同给油箱加过多的油来使其快速前进一样。C项符合题意。

7.单选题

Somepeopleseemto（）onthepressureofworkingunderadeadline.

问题1选项

A.render

B.evolve

C.prevail

D.thrive

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。render报答；归还；给予；evolve演变，进化；prevail盛行，流行；thrive兴旺，繁荣，茁壮成长。句意:有些人似乎在最后期限工作的压力下。故D项符合句意。

8.单选题

Themailmanshouldbehere（）;infact,lieshouldbehereinaboutfiveminutes.

问题1选项

A.retrospectively

B.previously

C.currently

D.presently

【答案】D

【解析】句意:这个邮差应该一会儿就到这里了；事实上，他应该是在5分钟后到这里。

考查副词辨析。retrospectively回顾地；previously以前，预先，仓促地；currently当前，现在；presently回前，一会儿，不久。根据后半句句意可知D符合句意。

9.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtosummarizethemainideaofthefollowingpassageinplainlanguageinnomorethan50words.Youshouldwriteyoursummaryontheansweringsheer.

Whetherwelikeitornot,theworldweliveinhaschangedagreatdealinthelasthundredyears,anditislikelytochangeevenmoreinthenexthundred.Somepeoplewouldliketostopthesechangesandgobacktowhattheyseeasapurerandsimplerage.Butashistoryshows,thepastwasnotthatwonderful.Itwasnotsobadforaprivilegedminority,thougheventheyhadtodowithoutmodemmedicine,andchildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.Butforthevastmajorityofthepopulation,lifewasnasty,brutish,andshort.

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttrytoensurethatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience.Sothatitcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnotleavetheminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublicisintwomindsaboutscience.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardoflivingthatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.ThisdistrustisevidentinthecartoonfigureofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.Butthepublicalsohasagreatinterestinscience,particularlyastronomy,asisshownbythelargeaudiencesfortelevisionseriessuchasTheSkyatNightandforsciencefiction.

Whatcanbedonetoharnessthisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoftenpresentedinadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon'tseeitsrelevancetotheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareabriefandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicalideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.WhenIwroteapopularbookrecently,IwasadvisedthateachequationIincludedwouldhalvethesales.Iincludedoneequation,Einstein’sfamousequation,E=mc2.MaybeIwouldhavesoldtwiceasmanycopieswithoutit.

Scientistsandengineerstendtoexpresstheirideasintheformofequationsbecausetheyneedtoknowtheprecisevaluesofquantities.Butfortherestofus,aqualitativegraspofscientificconceptsissufficient,andthiscanbeconveyedbywordsanddiagrams,withouttheuseofequations.

Thesciencepeoplelearninschoolcanprovidethebasicframework.Buttherateofscientificprogressisnowsorapidthattherearealwaysnewdevelopmentsthathaveoccurredsinceonewasatschooloruniversity.Ineverlearnedaboutmolecularbiologyortransistorsatschool,butgeneticengineeringaridcomputersaretwoofthedevelopmentsmostlikelytochangethewayweliveinthefuture.Popularbooksandmagazinearticlesaboutsciencecanhelptoputacrossnewdevelopments.Buteventhemostsuccessfulpopularbookisreadbyonlyasmallproportionofthepopulation.Onlytelevisioncanreachatrulymassaudience.TherearesomeverygoodscienceprogrammersonTV,butotherspresentscientificwonderssimplyasmagic,withoutexplainingthemorshowinghowtheyfitintotheframeworkofscientificideas.Producersoftelevisionscienceprogrammersshouldrealizethattheyhavearesponsibilitytoeducatethepublic,notjustentertainit.

【答案】Theworldpeopleliveinhaschangedgrratly,andpeopleshouldensurethatthedirectionofchangeisright.Thus,peopleneedtohaveagoodknowledgeofbasicscience.Schoolandtelevisionscienceprogramsshouldshouldertheresponsibilityofeducatingthepublic.

10.单选题

Usingmanysymbolsmake（）toputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.

问题1选项

A.possible

B.itpossible

C.itispossible

D.thatpossible

【答案】B

【解析】语法知识。it做形式宾语，后面用动词不定式todo接真正的宾语。句意：用大量的符号把大量的信息放在一张图上成为可能。选项B符合题意。

11.不定项选择题

Onefactwasclearlydemonstratedbytheearlysleepresearchers:onepartofthenightisnotjustlikeanother.Asscientistsbegantocomparetherecordsofvolunteers,theyobservedthathumansleepfollowsarhythmicschedule;theynotedthatnotonlywasthisschedulemuchthesameinhealthypersonofthesameagewithsimilarhabitsbut,fromnighttonight,eachindividualhadanEEGrecordalmostasconsistentasasignature.

Sleepandwakefulness,onceconsideredtobethelightanddarkofconsciousness,nolongerseemtodiffersosharply.Tosleepdoesnotmeantodrowninanoceanofdarkness.Actually,sleepisnotaunitarystate;itinvolvesmanyshadesordegreesofdetachmentfromthesurroundingworld.Sleepismadeupofseparatestagesoflightanddeeperslumber.Typically,onlyduringthefirsthoursofsleepdoesapersonreachthestageofthedeepestslumber,therestofthemisspentdriftingbetweentheotherlighterstagesinspecificpatterns,allnightlongapersondriftsdownandupthroughdifferentlevelsofconsciousness,asifonwaves.Whilesleepmayfeellikeablanketofdarknesspunctuatedbydreams—atimewhenthemindisasleep—nothingcouldbelesstrue.Withlaboratorymethods,researcheshavebeenabletochartthetypicalstagesofthejourneyintosleep.

Thejourneystartswhilethesubjectisstillawakebutbeginningtorelax;hisbrainwaves,whichhavebeenlow,rapid,andirregular,begintoshowanewpattern;thisnewpattern,whichisknownasalpharhythm,isanevenelectricalpulsationofabout9to12cyclespersecond.Mostpeopledonotknowwhatthealphastatefeelslike,butduringthelastfewyearsresearchershavebeenabletoteachsubjectshowtorecognizeandlearntosustaintheiralpharhythm.

WhentheirEEGshowsanalpharhythm,thesubjectsarenotified,eitherbyasoundorbytheappearanceofacoloronascreen.Becausethealphastatetendstoberelaxed,theabilitytosustainitcanhelptensepeopleeasetheirpassageintosleep.Amomentoftension,aloudnoise,anattempttosolveaproblem,however,andthealpharhythmmayvanish.

Asthesubjectpassesthroughthegatesoftheunconscious,hisalphawavesgrowsmaller,andhiseyesrollveryslowly.Foramoment,hemaywakeupduringthisearlypartofthedescent,alertedbysuddenspasmthatcauseshisbodytojerk.Likethebrainwaves,thisspasmisasignofneuralchangeswithin.Knownasthemyoclonicjerk,itiscausebyabriefburstofactivityinthebrain.Themyoclonicjerkisnormalinallhumansleep,itisgoneinafractionofasecond,afterwhichthedescentcontinues,thesubjecthasnotfeltthispeculiartransformation,butnowheissaidtobetrulyasleep.

1.Thesentence“eachindividualhadanEEGrecordalmostconsistentasasignature”means（）.

2.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthordescribesthat（）.

3.Theword“unitary”inthesecondparagraphmeans（）.

4.Whencanwesaythatapersonisasleep?

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthe“alpharhythm”is（）.

问题1选项

A.eachindividualhadquitedifferentEEGrecordliketheirpersonalizedsignature

B.eachindividualhadalmostthesameEEGrecordashissignature

C.theEEGrecordofeachindividualmaybecontradictorytooneanother

D.theEEGrecordofeachindividualmaybechangedfromoneanother

问题2选项

A.sleepandwakefulnessaredifferentbecauseofcompletelydifferentlevelsofconsciousness

B.sleepisaquietstate

C.sleepmakesonedrowninanoceanofdarkness

D.sleepinvolvesdifferentlevelsofconsciousness

问题3选项

A.complex

B.unique

C.single

D.simple

问题4选项

A.Whentherearenodreams.

B.Beforehewakes.

C.Afterthemyoclonicisfinished.

D.Afterthealpharhythmdescents.

问题5选项

A.sustainable

B.rapid

C.irregular

D.myoclonic

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“fromnighttonight,eachindividualhadanEEGrecordalmostasconsistentasasignature每个人每晚的脑电图记录几乎和签名一样一致”知B项与原文相符。A项“每个人都有完全不同的脑电图记录，就像他们的个性化签名一样”，与原文不符；B项“每个人的脑电图记录几乎如其签名样一致”；C项“每个人的脑电图记录可能相互矛盾”，与原文不符；D项“每个人的脑电图记录可能相互改变”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段内容可知D项与原文相符。A项“睡眠和清醒是不同的，因为意识的层次完全不同”，与原文不符；B项“睡眠是一种安静的状态”，与原文不符；C项“睡眠使人淹没在黑暗的海洋中”，与原文不符；D项“睡眠涉及不同层次的意识”，因此D选项正确。

第3题:词汇题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Sleepismadeupofseparatestagesoflightanddeeperslumber.睡眠由不同的浅的和更深的睡眠构成”，可推知unitary有“单一的”的意思。A项“复杂的”；B项“独特的”；C项“单一的”；D项“简单的”，因此C选项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“Themyoclonicjerkisnormalinallhumansleep,itisgoneinafractionofasecond,afterwhichthedescentcontinues,thesubjecthasnotfeltthispeculiartransformation,butnowheissaidtobetrulyasleep.肌阵挛痉挛在所有人的睡眠中都是正常的，在瞬间就消失了，之后继续下降，实验对象并没有感觉到这种奇特的变化，但据说现在他真的睡着了。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“当没有做梦时”，与原文不符；B项“在他觉醒前”，与原文不符；C项“在肌阵挛反应结束后”；D项“在阿尔法节奏下降之后”，与原文不符，因此C选项正确。

第5题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段中“...isanevenelectricalpulsationofabout9to12cyclespersecond.……是一种每秒大约循环9至12次的电流脉动”，可知它的速度较快，B项正确。A项“可持续的”；B项“迅速的”；C项“不规则的”；D项“肌阵挛的”，因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Inmedicalterminology,thewordshistoryandphysicalalmostalwaysappeartogetherinthatorder.Asaphysician,youdonotengageapatientintheneurologicalexaminationuntilyou’vegatheredthedetailsofhisorherdebilitatingheadaches.

Butatonetimeinourmedicalcareers,weareinstructedtoperformthemostthoroughphysicalexaminationpossiblewithoutlearningsomuchasthepatient’sname.Allwearegivenisananatomytablenumber,anage,andacauseofdeath.Weworkourwaythroughtheanatomylab—inspecting,searching,andfeelingeverymuscle,bone,andorgan-andwewriteourpatients’historiesourselves.

Tobetterunderstandthelifeofthewomanwhohaddonatedherbodyformyeducation,IcreatedtheObituary(讣告)WritingProgramatGeorgetownUniversityduringmyfirstyearofmedicalschool.Iworkedwithanobituarywriter,EmilyLanger,todevelopaworkshoptohelpinterestedmedicalstudentsreflectonthelivesthattheircorpsesmayhavelived.Sheinstructedusontheartofweavingdisconnectedmemoriesintoasinglestory.Aseriesofcreativewritingpromptsresultedinonestudent’sstoryofadramaticfootballinjuryoccurringinthemiddleofacompetitivematch.Thismomentinhiscorpse’slifewasimaginedfromapinkprosthetic(假体的)hipbeneathmassivelayersofmuscle.

Thefirstconversationwithmydonor’ssonlastedoveranhourdespitemyinitialfearthatIwouldaskthewrongquestionsorofferthewrongwordsofsympathy.Hismotherwasasmall-townfarmgirlfromWisconsin.Dr.CarolKennedy,GeorgetownUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Classof1972.ShewasadevoutCatholicwhoconsideredbeingaphysicianaprivilegeandanopportunitytoserveothers.ShewantedtocontinuetoserveevenafterherdeathbydonatingherbodytoGeorgetownUniversityinordertoeducatefuturemedicalstudentslikeme.

Wehavefinallyputthehistoryinitsrightfulplacebeforethephysical—studentsnowinterviewthefamiliesoftheirdonorsbeforemakingthefirstcutintheanatomylab.Ourcorpsesareourfirstcounterpartsintheprivilegedpatient-physicianrelationship,andnowweareabletobeginthatpartnershipjustaswehopetodothroughouttherestofourmedicalcareers.

1.Thestatementthat“thewordshistoryandphysicalalmostalwaysappeartogetherinthatorder”canbebestinterpretedas（

）.

2.WhatistheteachingapproachintheanatomylabdescribedinParagraph2?

3.WhatcanbesaidoftheObituaryWritingProgramcreatedbytheauthoratGeorgetownUniversity?

4.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheinformationtheauthorobtainedaboutDr.CarolKennedyfromhistalkwithherson?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.historytakingisusuallyprecededbyphysicalexamination

B.historytakingisusuallytaughtbeforephysicalexamination

C.historytakingisusuallyovershadowedbyphysicalexamination

D.historytakingisusuallyperformedbeforephysicalexamination

问题2选项

A.Identifyingtherealcauseofthepatient’sdeath.

B.Learninganatomybytakingpatients’historiesintoaccount.

C.Trainingstudentshowtodophysicalexaminationclinically.

D.Writingpatients’historiesbasedonthephysicalexamination.

问题3选项

A.Ithelpedstudentsimprovetheirwritingskills.

B.Itwasaimedtoarousestudents’interestinanatomy.

C.Itwasahumanewayofpayingrespecttobodydonors.

D.Itwasaimedtotrainthestudents’skillsinphysicalexamination.

问题4选项

A.Shewasbornonafarminthe1970s.

B.ShegrewupinGeorgetownasadevoutCatholic.

C.Shewasagraduateoftheauthor’smedicalschool.

D.Shedonatedherbodyasrequiredbyherreligiousbelief.

问题5选项

A.HistoryTakingintheAnatomyLab

B.WritingskillsformedicalStudents

C.Dr.CarolKennedy:aDevotedGeorgetownGraduate

D.Patient-physicianRelationship:aHistoricalReview

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Thestatementthat“thewordshistoryandphysicalalmostalwaysappeartogetherinthatorder”canbebestinterpretedas（）.“history（病史）和physical（物理）这两个词几乎总是按这个顺序出现”这句话，可以用____来解释。

A.historytakingisusuallyprecededbyphysicalexaminationA.病史采集通常优先于体格检查

B.historytakingisusuallytaughtbeforephysicalexaminationB.了解病史通常在体检前讲授

C.historytakingisusuallyovershadowedbyphysicalexaminationC.了解病史通常被体格检查所掩盖

D.historytakingisusuallyperformedbeforephysicalexaminationD.病史采集通常在体检前进行

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第一段第二句话“作为一名医生，在你收集到病人头痛症状的详细信息之前，你是不会让他或她做神经学病理检查的”。由此句可知在给病人做体检之前要先了解病人的病史，所以D选项“病史采集通常在体检前进行”符合句意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“病史采集通常优先于体格检查”，“precede”表示优于，先于的意思，在文中并未将两个进行比较，属于无中生有；

B选项“了解病史通常在体检前讲授”，属于无中生有；

C选项“了解病史通常被体格检查所掩盖”，属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

WhatistheteachingapproachintheanatomylabdescribedinParagraph2?第二段描述的解剖学实验室的教学方法是什么?

A.Identifyingtherealcauseofthepatient’sdeath.A.确定病人死亡的真正原因。

B.Learninganatomybytakingpatients’historiesintoaccount.B.通过考虑病人的病史来学习解剖学。

C.Trainingstudentshowtodophysicalexaminationclinically.C.培训学生如何进行临床体检。

D.Writingpatients’historiesbasedonthephysicalexamination.D.根据体检记录撰写病史。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph2与题干信息可定位至原文第二段第一句“但在我们的医学生涯中，曾经有一段时间，我们所受的指导是对尸体进行尽可能彻底的体检，却连病人的名字都不知道。”以及本段最后一句话“我们通过解剖实验室的检查，寻找、感觉每一块肌肉、每一块骨头和每一个器官——然后我们自己书写病人的病史”。由这两句可知在解剖实验室大家是在用尸体进行检查练习，以“检查尸体的每一部分记录病史”为主，可知正确答案选D选项“根据体检记录撰写病史”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“确定病人死亡的真正原因。”，该选项是目的并不是方法，属于偷换概念；

B选项“通过考虑病人的病史来学习解剖学。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

C选项“培训学生如何进行临床体检。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

WhatcanbesaidoftheObituaryWritingProgramcreatedbytheauthoratGeorgetownUniversity?对于作者在乔治城大学创立的讣告写作项目，我们能说些什么呢？

A.Ithelpedstudentsimprovetheirwritingskills.A.它帮助学生提高他们的写作技能。

B.Itwasaimedtoarousestudents’interestinanatomy.B.它的目的是唤起学生对解剖学的兴趣。

C.Itwasahumanewayofpayingrespecttobodydonors.C.这是对遗体捐赠者表达敬意的人道方式。

D.Itwasaimedtotrainthestudents’skillsinphysicalexamination.D.目的是训练学生的体检技能。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第三段第一句“为了更好地了解为我的教育捐献身体的女人的生活”以及第三段第二句“我与讣告作者艾米朋•兰格合作，开办了一个工作室，帮助感兴趣的医科学生了解他们所解剖的尸体可能经历过的生活”，可知创建这个写作计划是为了能够在了解尸体，以及尊重的情况下再进行解剖，而不是像上文描述的“不知道病人姓名”就直接解剖，所以C选项“这是对遗体捐赠者表达敬意的人道方式”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它帮助学生提高他们的写作技能。”，是对这个计划的片面的理解，属于过度推断；

B选项“它的目的是唤起学生对解剖学的兴趣。”，也是对计划的片面理解，属于过度推断；

D选项“它的目的是训练学生的体检技能。”，属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

WhatcanbeinferredfromtheinformationtheauthorobtainedaboutDr.CarolKennedyfromhistalkwithherson?从作者从卡罗尔•肯尼迪医生和她儿子的谈话中获得的信息可以推断出什么？

A.Shewasbornonafarminthe1970s.A.20世纪70年代她出生在一个农场。

B.ShegrewupinGeorgetownasadevoutCatholic.B.她在乔治城长大，是一名虔诚的天主教徒。

C.Shewasagraduateoftheauthor’smedicalschool.C.她毕业于作者的医学院。

D.Shedonatedherbodyasrequiredbyherreligiousbelief.D.她按照宗教信仰的要求捐献了自己的遗体。

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息定位至原文第四段第二句、第三句和第四句“他的母亲是威斯康辛州一个小镇上的农场女孩。卡罗尔•肯尼迪博士，是乔治城大学医学院1972届毕业生。她是一位虔诚的天主教徒，她认为成为一名医生是一种特权，也是为他人服务的机会。她想通过将自己的遗体捐赠给乔治城大学来继续为他人服务，以教育像我这样的未来医学生。”，由第三句和第四句可知D选项“她按照宗教信仰的要求捐献了自己的遗体”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“20世纪70年代她出生在一个农场。”，原文中说的是她是1972年的毕业生，并未说她是什么时候出生的。该选项属于过度推断。

B选项“她在乔治城长大，是一名虔诚的天主教徒。”，原文中说她是“威斯康辛州一个小镇上的农场女孩”，所以应该是在“威斯康辛州”长大的，乔治城是她上的大学的名称。该选项属于张冠李戴；

C选项“她毕业于作者的医学院。”，原文中提到“在乔治城大学医学院的第一年，我创建了讣告写作项目。”，由此句可知作者是在乔治城大学医学院工作所创立的这个项目，并未说作者也是这个学校的毕业生。该选项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?下面哪个选项是文章的最佳标题？

A.HistoryTakingintheAnatomyLabA.在解剖实验室里了解病史

B.WritingskillsformedicalStudentsB.医学生的写作技巧

C.Dr.CarolKennedy:aDevotedGeorgetownGraduateC.卡罗尔•肯尼迪博士：乔治城大学的毕业生

D.Patient-physicianRelationship:aHistoricalReviewD.医患关系：历史回顾

【答案】A

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】本文开篇提到了解病史和给病人或者尸体做体检之间的关系，接着通过作者自己创建的讣告写作计划项目，以及自己经历的具体的实例，帮助感兴趣的医科学生反思他们面对的尸体可能经历过的生活，说明了解剖实验室里的体检需要先从了解尸体的病史开始。所以A选项“在解剖实验室里了解病史”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“医学生的写作技巧”，只在文章段落中片面地提到，属于以偏概全；

C选项“卡罗尔•肯尼迪博士：乔治城大学的毕业生”，只在文中片面地提到，属于以偏概全；

D选项“医患关系：历史回顾”，在文中大部分讲述的是捐献者的尸体和医生的关系，并不是讲传统意义上的医患关系。属于无中生有。

13.翻译题

一天中我最喜欢的是最后那段时刻——至少是醒着的最后那段时刻。我再三努力不让眨动的眼皮合上，不让书本掉落在胸前，这时候我知道真的该入睡了。我深情地把书放在身边的床上。我们一起入睡——我和我的书，我和书中的人物，我和交杂的梦境，都一起入睡。

躺在床上看书似乎成了家传。上一次母亲帮我照看孩子时，我回到家里发现整幢房子一片漆黑，只有两处微弱的灯光。一处在我儿子的房间，我看到八岁的儿子拿着一本书，打着电筒躲在被窝里看书。房子的那头，母亲拿着书已经打起盹来。

【答案】Oneofmyfavoritemomentsofthedayisamongthelast—thelastconsciousone,anyway.Afterseveralattemptsatkeepingmyeyelidsfromflutteringclosedandthebookfromcollapsingontomychest,Iknowitreallyistimetogotosleep.Iaffectionatelyplacethebookonthebedbesideme.Wesleeptogether,meandmybook,meandthosecharacters,meandmymixed-updreams.Readinginbedseemstoruninfamilies.Thelasttimemymotherbabysatforme,gothometofindthehousedarkexceptfortwosmalllights.Onecamefrommyson’sroom,whereIdiscoveredtheeight-year-oldholedupunderthecoverswithGoosebumpsandaflashlight.Attheotherendofthehouse,mymotherhadalreadydozedoffwithherbook.

14.单选题

Itisnosecretamongathletesthatinordertoimproveperformanceyou’vegottoworkhard.However,hardtrainingbreaksyoudownandmakesyouweaker.Itisrestthatmakesyoustronger.Improvementonlyoccursduringtherestperiodfollowinghardtraining.Thisadaptationisaccomplishedbyimprovingefficiencyoftheheartandcertainsystemswithinthemusclecells.Duringrecoveryperiodsthesesystemsbuildtogreaterlevelstocompensateforthestressthatyouhaveapplied.Theresultisthatyouarenowatahigherlevelofperformance.

Ifsufficientrestisnotincludedinatrainingprogram,imbalancebetweenexcesstrainingandinadequaterestwilloccur,andperformancewilldecline.The“overtrainingsyndrome（综合症）’’isthenamegiventothecollectionofemotional,behavioral,andphysicalsymptomsduetoovertrainingthathaspersistedforweekstomonths.Itismarkedbycumulativeexhaustionthatpersistsevenafterrecoveryperiods.

Themostcommonsymptomisfatigue.Thismaylimitworkoutsandmaybepresentatrest.Theathletemayalsobecomemoody,easilyimitated,havealteredsleeppatterns,becomedepressed,orlosethecompetitivedesireandenthusiasmforthesport.Somewillreportdecreasedappetiteandweightloss.Physicalsymptomsincludepersistentmuscularsoreness,increasedfrequencyofviral（病毒性的）illnesses,andincreasedincidenceofinjuries.

Thetreatmentfortheovertrainingsyndromeisrest.Thelongertheovertraininghasoccurred,themorerestrequired.Therefore,earlydetectionisveryimportant,Iftheovertraininghasonlyoccurredforashortperiodoftime（e.g.3-4weeks）theninterruptingtrainingfor3-5daysisusuallysufficientrest.Itisimportantthatthefactorsthatleadtoovertrainingbeidentifiedandcorrected.Otherwise,theovertrainingsyndromeislikelytorecur.Theovertrainingsyndromeshouldbeconsideredinanyathletewhomanifestssymptomsofprolongedfatigueandwhoseperformancehasleveledoffordecreased.Itisimportanttoexcludeanyunderlyingillnessthatmayberesponsibleforthefatigue.

1.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagetellsusthat（

）.

2.By“overtraining”theauthormeans

（

）.

3.Whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutthe“overtraining”syndrome?

4.Whatdoesthephrase“leveloff’(Line7,Para,4)mostprobablymean?

5.Theauthoradvisesattheendofthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theharderanathletetrains,thebetterhisperformancewillbe

B.restaftervigoroustrainingimprovesandathlete’sperformance

C.strictsystematictrainingisessentialtoanathlete'stopperformance

D.improvementofanathlete'sperformanceoccursinthecourseoftraining

问题2选项

A.aseriesofphysicalsymptomsthatoccuraftertraining

B.undueemphasisontheimportanceofphysicalexertion

C.trainingthatisnotadequatelycompensatedforbyrest

D.trainingthathasexceededanathlete’semotionallimits

问题3选项

A.Itoccurswhenathletesloseinterestinsports.

B.Itappearsrightafterahardtrainingsession.

C.Thefatigueitresultsinisunavoidableintheathlete’strainingprocess.

D.Itmanifestsitselfinfatiguewhichlingersevenafterarecoveryperiod.

问题4选项

A.Slowdown.

B.Becomedull.

C.Stopimproving.

D.Beonthedecline.

问题5选项

A.overtrainingsyndromeshouldbetreatedasaseriousillness

B.overtrainingsyndromeshouldbepreventedbeforeitoccurs

C.anathletewithovertrainingsyndromeshouldtakealengthyrest

D.illnesscausingf