考研考博-英语-广东岭南职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东岭南职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Heisalwaysmeticulousinkeepingtherecordsuptodate.

问题1选项

A.scrupulous

B.perpetual

C.puerile

D.studious

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.scrupulous细心的，小心谨慎的，一丝不苟的B.perpetual永久的，不断的，无期限的

C.puerile幼稚的，孩子气的；天真的D.studious勤奋的，好学的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由keepingtherecordsuptodate（保持记录的更新）可推测，划线单词meticulous表示“一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的”，因此A选项含义最为接近。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词意思不符合。

【句意】他总是一丝不苟地保持记录的更新。

2.单选题

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don'thavesmallchildrenandgetalong（

）tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

问题1选项

A.toowell

B.sowell

C.wellas

D.wellenough

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析题。toowell“太多；太好”，其在这里与空格后的to构成toowelltodosth.“太好而不能做某事的搭配，这与句意不符；sowell“这么好；如此……以至”，需要后接to引导的不定式时，—般用sowellastodosth.“好的如此以至去做某事”；没有wellas的短语，一般有aswellas“也；和…….一样”的词组；wellenough“很好，很健康，还可以，好到”，其在这里与空格后的to构成wellenoughtodosth.“足够去做某事”的短语。根据“tospendmostoftheirtimetogether度过他们的大部分时间”以及词组确定句意是‘这种解决方案只适用于个体经营、没有小孩且能和睦相处地一起度过他们的大部分时间的夫妻。’所以D选项正确。

3.单选题

ItisagreedthatallnationsshouldtakemeasuresagainstterrorismonthebasisoftheUN（）andotherinternationallaws.

问题1选项

A.Charter

B.Constitution

C.Concordance

D.Custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Charter“宪章”；Constitution“宪法；体制；章程”；Concordance“调和；一致”；Custody“保管；监护”，根据句子结构可知此处要填的词与laws意思相近，所以四个选项中只有Constitution符合。句意：所有的国家都应该在基于联合国章程和其他国际法律的基础上采取措施抵制恐怖主义，这是一个共识。故正确答案为选项B。

4.单选题

Peoplehavebeendonatingbloodsincetheearlytwentiethcenturytohelpaccidentvictimsandpatientsundergoingsurgicalprocedures.Usuallyapintofwholebloodisdonated,anditisthendividedintoplatelets,whitebloodcells,andredbloodcells.Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths.

Transfusingthebloodfromthedonortotherecipientisstraightforward.D.Itinvolvestakingthebloodfromadonor’sarmveinbymeansofahypodermicsyringe.Thebloodflowsthroughaplastictubetoacollectionbagorbottlethatcontainssodiumcitrate,whichpreventsthebloodfromclotting.

Whenthebloodisgiventoapatient,aplastictubeandhypodermicneedleareconnectedtotherecipient’sarm.Thebloodflowsdownfromthecontainerbygravity.Thisisaslowprocessandmaylastaslongas2hourstocompletetheinfusionofbloodintotherecipient.Thepatientisprotectedfrombeinginfectedduringthetransfusion.Onlysterilecontainers,tubing,andneedlesareused,andthishelpsensurethattransfusedorstoredbloodisnotexposedtodisease-causingbacteria.

Negativereactionstotransfusionsarenotunusual.Therecipientmaysufferanallergicreactionorbesensitivetodonorleukocytes.Somemaysufferfromanundetectedred-cellincompatibility.Unexplainedreactionsarealsofairlycommon.Althoughtheyarerare,othercausesofsuchnegativereactionsincludecontaminatedblood,airbubblesintheblood,overloadingofthecirculatorysystemthroughadministrationofexcessblood,orsensitivitytodonorplasmaorplatelets.

Today,hospitalsandbloodbanksgotogreatlengthstoscreenallblooddonorsandtheirblood.D.Alldonatedbloodisroutinelyandrigorouslytestedfordiseases,suchasHIV(whichcauseAIDS),hepatitisB,andsyphilis.Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement.Donatedbloodiswashed,andthewhitebloodcellsandplateletsareremoved.

Storingthebloodsometimesrequiresafreezingprocess,tofreezetheredbloodcells,aglycerolsolutionisadded.D.Tounfreeze,theglycerolisremoved.D.Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth.

1.Accordingtothispassage,howoftencanpeopledonatebloodforredbloodcells?

2.Whichsentenceinparagraph2explainshowclottingispreventedinthebloodcontainer?

3.AllofthefollowingarementionedaspotentialnegativereactionstotransfusionsEXCEPT?

4.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutbloodtransfusedtoinfantsandnewborns?

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Everymonth

B.Everytwomonths

C.Everythreemonths

D.Everyyear

问题2选项

A.Thefirstsentence

B.Thesecondsentence

C.Thethirdsentence

D.Noneoftheabove

问题3选项

A.allergies

B.sensitivitytodonorleukocytes

C.red-cellincompatibility

D.airbubblesintheblood

问题4选项

A.Itisasrigorouslytestedasbloodforadults

B.Itistreatedwithradiantenergy

C.Itisnottreateddifferentlyfromadults

D.Itisnotdangerousforchildren

问题5选项

A.Transfusingbloodisadangerousprocess

B.Freezingblooddestroysplatelets

C.Clottingcannotbeprevented

D.Storingbloodbenefitsmankind

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段最后一句话提到的内容Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths可知选项B符合题意。

2.判断推理题。第二段第一句话提到把献血的血液输血给接受者很简单。第二句话提到通过皮下注射器从献血者手臂的静脉中抽取血液。第三句话提到柠檬酸钠可以防止血液凝固。因此可知是第三句话讲述了如何防止血液凝固，选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第四段前三句话，可以排除A、B、C三个选项，因此选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第五段倒数第二句话提到当接受者是新生儿或婴儿时，通常对血液进行辐射处理以消除有害的毒素（Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement），由此可知选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章第六段最后一句话提到长期储存血液的能力对人类健康大有裨益（Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth），因此选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

ByaboutA.D.D.500theMoundBuilder(筑堤人)culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewest,anotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisianaandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisadedIndiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30,000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippiancultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics,finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmicasheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12,000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintool-making,，hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsaltmaking.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Theparagraphprecedingthisonemostprobablydiscussed.

3.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewaslocated.

4.TheMississippiancultureinfluencedthecultureofthe.

5.Accordingtothepassage,themoundswereusedas.

问题1选项

A.TheMississippianculture

B.ThedeclineofMoundBuilderculture

C.ThearchitectureofMeso-AmericanIndians

D.Theeasternwoodlandstribes

问题2选项

A.theMoundBuilderculture

B.warfareinAD500

C.thegeographyoftheMississippiarea

D.agricultureneartheMississippiRiver

问题3选项

A.inessentiallythesamearea

B.farthersouthalongthewatershedC

C.totheeast

D.tothewest

问题4选项

A.easternwoodlandtribes

B.MoundBuilders

C.Meso-Americans

D.Egyptians

问题5选项

A.palacesfortheroyalfamilies

B.fortressesfordefense

C.centersforconductingtrade

D.placesforburyingthedead

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文段内容ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes可知是在讲述Mississippianculture，因此选项A符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文段一开始就提到了theMoundBuilderculture在不断衰退，由此可推测该文段之前的内容是在讲述该文化，因此选项A符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据文段第二句话中的关键信息tothewest…wasbeginningtoflourish，该文化指的是Mississippianculture，由此可知相对于Mississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculture位于东边，选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文段内容ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes，可知选项A符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文段内容builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces可知选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Thoughtherearehundredsoftestpapers,Icanpickhisoutwithouthesitation,forhishandwritingisquite（）.

问题1选项

A.manifest

B.separate

C.distinct

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】句意：尽管有好几百张试卷,但我可以毫不犹豫地找出他的试卷,因为他的笔迹很独特。选项C符合语境。

7.单选题

Thefamousartist,whenaskedonthenewsreleaseforhisrecentworks,hissuccesstodiligenceandintelligence（）.

问题1选项

A.contributed

B.attributed

C.devoted

D.dedicated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contributed“有助于，贡献”；B选项attributed“把……归因于，归结”；C选项devoted“献身于，致力于”；D选项dedicated“把……奉献给”。句意：这位著名的艺术家在新闻发布会上被问到他最近的作品时，他把他的成功都归功于勤奋和聪明。由空格前diligenceandintelligence（勤奋和聪明）以及success（成功）的逻辑关系可知是成功归因于勤奋和聪明，所以B选项意思正确。因此B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

问题1选项

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在苏格兰，和英国其他地方一样，义务教育从5岁开始，到16岁结束。

考查形容词辨析。compelling引人注目的，强制的；forced被迫的;obliged必须的；compulsory义务的。这里想表达“义务教育”，故选D。

9.单选题

WhenA.PhilipRandolphassumedtheleadershipoftheBrotherhoodofSleepingCarPorters,hebeganaten-yearbattletowinrecognitionfromthePullmanCompany,thelargestprivateemployerofBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatesandthecompanythatcontrolledtherailroadindustry’ssleepingcarandparlorservice.In1935theBrotherhoodbecamethefirstBlackunionrecognizedbyamajorcorporation.Randolph’seffortsinthebattlehelpedtransformtheattitudeofBlackworkerstowardunionsandtowardthemselvesasanidentifiablegroup;eventually,Randolphhelpedtoweakenorganizedlabor’santagonismtowardBlackworkers.

InthePullmancontestRandolphfacedformidableobstacles.ThefirstwasBlackworkers’understandableskepticismtowardunions,whichhadhistoricallybarredBlackworkersfrommembership.AnadditionalobstaclewastheunionthatPullmanitselfhadformed,whichweakenedsupportamongBlackworkersforanindependententity.

TheBrotherhoodpossessedanumberofadvantages,however,includingRandolph’sowntacticalabilities.In1928hetooktheboldstepofthreateningastrikeagainstPullman.Suchathreat,onanationalscale,underBlackleadership,helpedreplacethestereotypeoftheBlackworkerasservantwiththeimageoftheBlackworkeraswageearner.Inaddition,theporters’veryisolationaidedtheBrotherhood.Porterswerescatteredthroughoutthecountry,sleepingindormitoriesinBlackcommunities;theirsegregatedlifeprotectedtheunion’internalcommunicationsfrominterception.Thattheporterswereahomogeneousgroupworkingforasingleemployerwithsinglelaborpolicy,thussharingthesamegrievancesfromcitytocity,alsostrengthenedtheBrotherhoodandencouragedracialidentityandsolidarityaswell.Butitwasonlyintheearly1930sthatfederallegislationprohibitingacompanyfrommaintainingitsownunionswithcompanymoneyeventuallyallowedtheBrotherhoodtobecomerecognizedastheporters’representative.

Notcontentwiththistriumph,RandolphbroughttheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor,whereitbecametheequaloftheFederation’s105otherunions.Hereasonedthatasamemberunion,theBrotherhoodwouldbeinabetterpositiontoexertpressureonmemberunionsthatpracticedracerestrictions.Suchrestrictionswereeventuallyfoundunconstitutionalin1944.

1.Accordingtothepassage,by1935theskepticismofBlackworkerstowardunionswas____.

2.Inusingtheword“understandable”(Para.2),theauthormostclearlyconveys____.

3.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheresponseofporterstothePullmanCompany’sownunion?

4.ThepassagesuggeststhatifthegrievancesofportersinonepartoftheUnitedStateshadbeendifferentfromthoseofportersinanotherpartofthecountry,whichofthefollowingwouldhavebeenthecase?

5.ThepassagesuppliesinformationconcerningwhichofthefollowingmattersrelatedtoRandolph?

问题1选项

A.unchangedexceptamongBlackemployeesofrailroad-relatedindustries

B.reinforcedbytheactionsofthePullmanCompany’sunion

C.mitigatedbytheeffortsofRandolph

D.weakenedbytheopeningupofmanyunionstoBlackworkers

问题2选项

A.sympathywithattemptsbytheBrotherhoodbetween1925and1935toestablishanindependentunion

B.concernthattheobstaclesfacedbyRandolphbetween1925and1935wereindeedformidable

C.ambivalenceaboutthesignificanceofunionstomostBlackworkersinthe1920s

D.appreciationoftheattitudeofmanyBlackworkersinthe1920stowardunions

问题3选项

A.Fewporterseverjoinedthisunion.

B.Someporterssupportedthisunionbefore1935.

C.Porters,morethanotherPullmanemployees,enthusiasticallysupportedthisunion.

D.Theporters’responsewasmostpositiveafter1935.

问题4选项

A.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultforthePullmanCompanytohavehadasinglelaborpolicy.

B.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtocontrolitschannelsofcommunication.

C.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtobuilditsmembership.

D.ItwouldhavebeeneasierforthePullmanCompany’suniontoattractmembership.

问题5选项

A.ThestepshetooktoinitiatethefoundingoftheBrotherhood.

B.HismotivationforbringingtheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor.

C.Theinfluencehehadonthepassageoflegislationoverturningracerestrictionsin1944.

D.Theinfluencehehadonthepassageoflegislationtobarcompaniesfromfinancingtheirownunions.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,by1935theskepticismofBlackworkerstowardunionswas____.根据这篇文章，到1935年，黑人工人对工会的怀疑____。

A.unchangedexceptamongBlackemployeesofrailroad-relatedindustriesA.是不变的除了铁路相关行业的黑人雇员外

B.reinforcedbytheactionsofthePullmanCompany’sunionB.是被普尔曼公司工会的行动加强的

C.mitigatedbytheeffortsofRandolphC.是通过伦道夫的努力被减轻的

D.weakenedbytheopeningupofmanyunionstoBlackworkersD.是由于许多工会向黑人工人开放而被削弱的

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段最后“伦道夫在这场斗争中的努力帮助改变了黑人工人对工会和他们自己作为一个可识别群体的态度；最后，伦道夫帮助削弱了工会对黑人工人的敌对情绪（Randolphhelpedtoweakenorganizedlabor’santagonismtowardBlackworkers）。”这种敌对情绪的削弱可以推断黑人对工会的怀疑态度被削弱。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“是不变的除了铁路相关行业的黑人雇员外”，根据推断可知，这种怀疑是被削弱了而不是不变的，该选项属于反向干扰；

B选项“是被普尔曼公司工会的行动加强的”，根据推断可知这种怀疑被削弱了而不是加强的，该选项属于反向干扰；

D选项“是由于许多工会向黑人工人开放而被削弱的”，文章并没有说许多工会开放，该选项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

Inusingtheword“understandable”(Para.2),theauthormostclearlyconveys____.

在使用“understandable”这个词时（第2段），作者最清楚地表达了____。

A.sympathywithattemptsbytheBrotherhoodbetween1925and1935toestablishanindependentunionA.对兄弟会在1925年至1935年间建立独立联盟的企图表示同情

B.concernthattheobstaclesfacedbyRandolphbetween1925and1935wereindeedformidableB.对伦道夫在1925年至1935年间所面临的障碍确实是可怕的担忧

C.ambivalenceaboutthesignificanceofunionstomostBlackworkersinthe1920sC.20世纪20年代大多数黑人工人对工会意义的矛盾心理

D.appreciationoftheattitudeofmanyBlackworkersinthe1920stowardunionsD.对20世纪20年代许多黑人工人对工会的态度的理解

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph2与题干信息词mostprevioussurveys可定位到第二段“第一个原因是黑人工人对工会的怀疑态度，这是可以理解的（understandable），因为工会历来禁止黑人工人加入工会。”因为工会禁止黑人加入，所以黑人对工会有怀疑态度，这是可以理解的。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“对兄弟会在1925年至1935年间建立独立联盟的企图表示同情”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“对伦道夫在1925年至1935年间所面临的障碍确实是可怕的担忧”，文中可以理解的是理解黑人工人对工会的怀疑态度而非该选项所指的含义，该选项属于张冠李戴；

C选项“20世纪20年代大多数黑人工人对工会意义的矛盾心理”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheresponseofporterstothePullmanCompany’sownunion?这篇文章暗示了搬运工对普尔曼公司自己的工会的反应是什么?

A.Fewporterseverjoinedthisunion.A.很少有搬运工加入这个工会。

B.Someporterssupportedthisunionbefore1935.B.1935年之前，一些搬运工支持这个联盟。

C.Porters,morethanotherPullmanemployees,enthusiasticallysupportedthisunion.C.搬运工比普尔曼的其他雇员更热心地支持这个工会。

D.Theporters’responsewasmostpositiveafter1935.D.1935年后，搬运工们的反应最为积极。

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“另一个障碍是普尔曼自己组建的工会，它削弱了黑人工人对独立实体的支持（weakenedsupportamongBlackworkersforanindependententity）。”可推断这里的independententity指的就是兄弟会。因此，在兄弟会正式代表porters之前，应该是有一些人支持了普尔曼自己的工会。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“很少有搬运工加入这个工会。”，根据推断可知有一些人加入了普尔曼的工会，该选项属于反向干扰；

C选项“搬运工比普尔曼的其他雇员更热心地支持这个工会。”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“1935年后，搬运工们的反应最为积极。”，文章没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

ThepassagesuggeststhatifthegrievancesofportersinonepartoftheUnitedStateshadbeendifferentfromthoseofportersinanotherpartofthecountry,whichofthefollowingwouldhavebeenthecase?文章指出，如果美国一个地区的搬运工的不满与该国另一个地区的搬运工的不满不同，那么以下哪一种情况会是这种情况？

A.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultforthePullmanCompanytohavehadasinglelaborpolicy.A.对普尔曼公司来说，实行单一的劳工政策会更加困难。

B.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtocontrolitschannelsofcommunication.B.对兄弟会来说，控制其沟通渠道将会更加困难。

C.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtobuilditsmembership.C.对兄弟会来说，建立成员会更加困难。

D.ItwouldhavebeeneasierforthePullmanCompany’suniontoattractmembership.

D.普尔曼公司的工会本来可以更容易地吸引会员。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据出处提示词与题干信息可定位到第三段“搬运工是一个同质的群体，为一个雇主工作，实行单一的劳工政策，因此在各个城市都有同样的不满（sharingthesamegrievancesfromcitytocity），这也加强了兄弟会，也鼓励了种族认同和团结。”由此可知同样的不满会加强兄弟会，由此可推断不同的不满会很难建立兄弟会。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“对普尔曼公司来说，实行单一的劳工政策会更加困难。”，文章提到“搬运工是一个同质的群体，为一个雇主工作，实行单一的劳工政策”并不是普尔曼公司，该选项属于张冠李戴；

B选项“对兄弟会来说，控制其沟通渠道将会更加困难。”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“普尔曼公司的工会本来可以更容易地吸引会员。”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

ThepassagesuppliesinformationconcerningwhichofthefollowingmattersrelatedtoRandolph?这篇文章提供了下列哪一件事与伦道夫有关的信息?

A.ThestepshetooktoinitiatethefoundingoftheBrotherhood.A.他为建立兄弟会所采取的步骤。

B.HismotivationforbringingtheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor.

B.他将兄弟会纳入美国劳工联盟的动机。

C.Theinfluencehehadonthepassageoflegislationoverturningracerestrictionsin1944.C.他对1944年推翻种族限制法案的通过的影响。

D.Theinfluencehehadonthepassageoflegislationtobarcompaniesfromfinancingtheirownunions.D.他对通过立法禁止公司为自己的工会提供资金的影响。

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“伦道夫并不满足于这一胜利，他将兄弟会纳入了美国劳工联盟（RandolphbroughttheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor），在那里，兄弟会与联盟中的其他105个工会平起平落。”因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他为建立兄弟会所采取的步骤。”，文章第一段“当伦道夫担任卧车列车员兄弟会的领导时，他开始了一场为期十年的斗争”说明他只是兄弟会的领导，而并不是建立兄弟会，该选项属于过度推断；

C选项“他对1944年推翻种族限制法案的通过的影响。”，伦道夫并没有推翻种族限制法案，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“他对通过立法禁止公司为自己的工会提供资金的影响。”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

10.单选题

（

）excessiveconsumptionoffriedfoodshasseriousconsequencesashasbeenproved.

问题1选项

A.Theoretically

B.Presumably

C.Incredibly

D.Practically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项theoretically“理论地，理论上”；B选项presumably“据推测，很可能，大概”；C选项incredibly“极其，难以置信地”；D选项practically“实际上，几乎，差不多”。由ashasbeenproved（如已证实的那样）可知前面的内容应该是一种猜测比较符合逻辑，即证实推测。句意：据推测，过度食用油炸食品会造成严重后果，这已被证实。

11.单选题

Plato’sRepublichasbeenthesourceofgreatconsternation,especiallyinliterarycircles,foritsattackonthepoets.Socratesinfactassertsthattheyshouldhavenoplaceintheidealstate.EricHavelocksuggeststhatthereareseveralmisunderstandingsinthisregard,andinhisPrefacetoPlatoheidentifiestheissues,andexplainsthehistoricalcontext.

HavelockopenshisdiscussionbysuggestingthattheverytitleoftheRepublicisthesourceofmuchconfusion.Thebookiscommonlyunderstoodtobeatreatiseontheidealpoliticalentity,butevenacasualanalysiswillshowthatonlyone-thirdofthetextisconcernedwithstatecraft.Theothertwo-thirdscoveravarietyofsubjects,butthethrustofPlato’sargumentamountstoanattackonthetraditionalGreekapproachtoeducation.

Theeducationalmethodsstillinuseinthe4thcenturyBChadtheiroriginsinwhathasbeencalledtheGreekDarkAgebeginningaround1200BCwhentheMycenaeaneracollapsed.Verylittleisknownaboutthewhysandwhereforesofthiscollapse,butitwasn’tuntilaround700BCthatthePhoenicianalphabetbegantobeadoptedandusedintheGreek-speakingworld.Duringtheinterveningcenturies,allknowledgeconcerningGreekhistory,culture,moresandlawswereorallytransmitteddownthroughthegenerations.Themosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformationwasrhyme.TheepicformweseeinHomer’sIliadgrewoutoftheneedtopreservetheGreekculturalmemory.HavelocktakesthereaderthroughBook1ofTheIliadanddissectsitin

detailtoshowhowthiscultural,historicalandethicalheritagewasconveyed.TheIliadtakesonnewandsignificantmeaningtothereaderofthisminuteexamination.

TheIliadandpresumablyotherpoeticvehiclesweretaughttochildrenfromanearlyage.ThewholeoftheGreek-speakingworldwasimmersedintheprojectofmemorizing,andoutofthemassesarosethoseindividualswithsuperiormemoriesandtheatricalskillswhobecamethenextgenerationofminstrelsandteachers.Educationwasthuscomprisedofmemorizationandrotelearning,andthepeopleenjoyedconstantremindersthroughpublicreadingsandfestivals.

Plato’sfocusintheRepublicandelsewhereisonHomerandHesiodandtosomeextentthedramatistswhichatthetimewerethecenterpiecesoftheeducationalregime.Theirworkspresentedgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.TheoverallresultisthattheGreekadolescentiscontinuallyconditionedtoanattitudewhichatbottomiscynical.Itismoreimportanttokeepupappearancesthantopracticethereality.Decorumanddecentbehaviorarenotobviouslyviolated,buttheinnerprincipleofmoralityis.OncetheRepublicisviewedasacritiqueoftheeducationalregime,Havelocksaysthatthelogicofitstotalorganizationbecomesclear.

WhatPlatowasrailingagainstwasan“oralstateofmind”whichseemstohavepersistedeventhoughthealphabetandwrittendocumentationhadbeeninuseforthreecenturies.IlliteracywasthusstillawidespreadprobleminPlato’stime,andthepoeticstateofmindwasthemainobstacletoscientificrationalismandanalysis.ThisiswhyPlatoregardedthepoeticororalstateofmindasthearch-enemy.Inhisteachingshedidtheopposite.Heaskedhisstudentsto“thinkaboutwhattheyweresayinginsteadofjustsayingit.’’Theepichadbecome,inPlato’sview,not“anactofcreationbutanactofreminderandrecall”andcontributedtowhatHavelockterms“theHomericstateofmind.”ItwasSocrates’project(andbyextensionPlato’s)toreformGreekeducationtoencouragethinkingandanalysis.Thusalltherantingandrailingaboutthe“poets”inPlato’sRepublicwaslimitedbasicallytoHomerandHesiodbecauseofwhatheviewedasawhollyinadequateapproachtoeducationofwhichtheseparticularpoetswereanintegralpart.

Unfortunately,WesternculturehasmisconstruedwhatPlatoandSocratesmeantby“thepoets”.Andbecauseweviewpoetryasahighlycreativeandelevatedformofexpression,ourcriticshavefailedtorecognizethatPlato’sdiatribehadaveryspecificandlimitedtargetwhichhadnothingtodowithhigh-mindedcreativity,ofwhichthereisplenty,bytheway,intheproscribedpoets.Itwasn’treallythepoetswhoweretheproblem;itwastheuseofthemthatwasdeemedunacceptable.

Post-Havelock，wecannowreadtheRepublicwiththescalesliftedfromoureyesandseeitforwhatitreallywas:anindictmentofanantiquatededucationalregimewhichhadnoplaceinademocraticsociety.

1.ThemistakenunderstandingofPlato’sRepublicconsistsinthewidespreadbeliefthatitconsistsof（

）.

2.AccordingtoHavelock,Plato’sangerwiththepoetsarosefrom:

I:Theirrepresentationofgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.

II:Theirtransmissionofculture,moresandlaws.

3.Priortothe4thcenturyBC,recitationwasconsideredthebesteducationalmethodbecause

（

）.

4.InPlato’sdiatribethepoeticororalstateofmindisthearch-enemyof

（

）.

5.Acommoncritiqueofthepresent-dayChineseeducationalsystemresemblestheeducationalsystemthatPlatofulminatedagainstinthatitoften（

）.

问题1选项

A.literarycriticism

B.atreatiseontheidealpolity

C.acritiqueofrationalism

D.anindictmentofanobsoletepedagogy

问题2选项

A.I.

B.II.

C.BothIandII.

D.NeitherInorII.

问题3选项

A.poetrywasseenasahighlycreativeandelevatedformofexpression

B.rhymewasthemosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformation

C.therewasnowritingsystem

D.thepeopleenjoyedconstantremindersthroughpublicreadingsandfestivals

问题4选项

A.democraticsociety

B.theMycenaeanRepublic

C.thePhoenicians

D.literacy

问题5选项

A.asksstudentstothinkaboutwhattheyweresayinginsteadofjustsayingit

B.comprisesofmemorizationandrotelearning

C.hasaveryspecificandlimitedtarget

D.encouragesthinkingandanalysis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。文章第二段第二句说到“Thebookiscommonlyunderstoodtobeatreatiseontheidealpoliticalentity,butevenacasualanalysiswillshowthatonlyone-thirdofthetextisconcernedwithstatecraft.”由此可知人们普遍认为这本书是对理想政治实体的论述，但分析表明只有三分之一的内容与治国之道有关。因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:2.判断推理题。本题关键在于柏拉图的“anger”，也就是柏拉图所关注并批判的东西，由此定位到文章第五段，第二、三句说到“Theirworkspresentedgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.TheoverallresultisthattheGreekadolescentiscontinuallyconditionedtoanattitudewhichatbottomiscynical.”可知一些剧作家的作品对神与英雄的描述都是不道德的，为年轻人树立了坏的榜样。结果就是，希腊的青少年们对事物惯于采取愤世嫉俗的态度。因此A选项符合题意。

第3题:3.事实细节题。由题干中关键词recitation找到文中与之相关联的词memorizing（第三段），第四句提到“Themosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformationwasrhyme.”可知韵文能帮助记忆大量信息。因此B选项符合题意。

第4题:4.判断推理题。由关键词oralstateofmind定位到第六段，第二句说到“IlliteracywasthusstillawidespreadprobleminPlato’stime,andthepoeticstateofmindwasthemainobstacletoscientificrationalismandanalysis.”诗人的思想状态是科学理性主义和分析的主要障碍，这就是柏拉图敌视诗人或口语心态的原因。因此D选项literacy“读写能力”是正确答案。

第5题:5.判断推理题。文章第六段提到“Theepichadbecome,inPlato’sview,not‘anactofcreationbutan