考研考博-英语-北方民族大学考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北方民族大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Youmustbeverycareful.Thework（

）precision.

问题1选项

A.retails

B.repels

C.retains

D.entails

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项retail“零售，详述”；B选项repel“击退，抵制”；C选项retain“保持，固定”；D选项entail“使需要，要求”。句意：你必须非常小心，这项工作对精确性要求极高。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Togetachocolateoutofaboxrequiresaconsiderableamountofunpacking:theboxhastobetakenoutofthepaperbaginwhichitarrived;thecellophanewrapperhastobetomoff，thelidopenedandthepaperremoved;thechocolateitselfthenhastobeunwrappedfromitsownpieceofpaper.Butthisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries.Itisnowbecomingincreasinglydifficulttobuyanythingthatisnotdoneupincellophane,polythene,orpaper.

Amachinehasbeendevelopedthatpulpspaperthenprocessesitintopackaging,e.g.egg-boxesandcartons.Thiscouldbeeasilyadaptedforlocalauthorityuse.Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paper,withadifferentdustbinforeach.Paperis,infact,probablythematerialthatcanbemosteasilyrecycled;andnow,withmassiveincreasesinpaperprices,thetimehascomeatwhichcollectionbylocalauthoritiescouldbeprofitable.

Recyclingofthiskindisalreadyhappeningwithmilkbottles,whicharereturnedtothedairies,washedout,andrefilled.Butbothglassandpaperarebeingthreatenedbythegrowinguseofplastic.Moreandmoredairiesareexperimentingwithplasticbottles,andithasbeenestimatedthatifallthemilkbottlesnecessaryweremadeofplastic,thenBritishdairieswouldbeproducingtheequivalentofenoughplastictubingtoencircletheeartheveryfiveorsixdays!

Thetroublewithplasticisthatitdoesnotrot.Someenvironmentalistsarguethattheonlysolutiontotheproblemofevergrowingmoundsofplasticcontainersistodoawaywithplasticaltogetherintheshops,asuggestionunacceptabletomanymanufacturerswhosaythereisnoalternativetotheirhandyplasticpacks.

1.“Thisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries”(line4)means（

）.

2.The“localauthorities”are

（

）.

3.Ifpaperistoberecycled

（

）.

4.Britishdairiesare

（

）.

5.Theenvironmentaliststhinkthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.notenoughwrappingisusedforluxuries

B.morewrappingisusedforluxuriesthanforordinaryproducts

C.itisnotonlyforluxuryproductsthattoomuchwrappingisused

D.thewrappingusedforluxuryproductsisunnecessary

问题2选项

A.theTownCouncil

B.thepolice

C.thepapermanufacturers

D.themostinfluentialcitizens

问题3选项

A.moreforestswillhavetobeplanted

B.theuseofpaperbagswillhavetoberestricted

C.peoplewillhavetousedifferentdustbinsfortheirrubbish

D.thelocalauthoritieswillhavetoreducethepriceofpaper

问题4选项

A.producingenoughplastictubinginlessthanaweek

B.givinguptheuseofglassbottles

C.increasingtheproductionofplasticbottles

D.re-usingtheiroldglassbottles

问题5选项

A.moreplasticpackagingshouldbeused

B.plasticisthemostconvenientformofpackaging

C.toomuchplasticiswasted

D.shopsshouldstopusingplasticcontainers

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段最后两句话提到“但是这种疯狂的大量包装并不仅仅限于奢侈品。现在很难买到没有被玻璃纸、聚乙烯或者纸包装的东西了”（Butthisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries.Itisnowbecomingincreasinglydifficulttobuyanythingthatisnotdoneupincellophane,polythene,orpaper），因此选项C“不仅奢侈品被包装，普通商品也一样”符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。文章第二段第三句话提到“这种机器很容易为localauthority所用。它意味着人们需要将垃圾分为纸质或非纸质垃圾”（Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paper,withadifferentdustbinforeach），这个authority管理居民分垃圾的事情，说明是相关政府机构，选项A符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到“有一个机器能够把纸熔化成纸浆再加工成外包装纸，比如装鸡蛋的箱子，和纸板盒”（Amachinehasbeendevelopedthatpulpspaperthenprocessesitintopackaging,e.g.egg-boxesandcartons）；第三句话提到“它意味着人们需要将垃圾分为纸质或非纸质垃圾”（Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paper,withadifferentdustbinforeach），选项C“人们将用不同的垃圾桶来装垃圾”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。文章第三段提到“越来越多的乳制品正在尝试塑料瓶，如果所有牛奶瓶相关材料都使用塑料制品，可以预计英国乳制品五六天生产的塑料管就可以围绕地球转一圈”（Moreandmoredairiesareexperimentingwithplasticbottles,andithasbeenestimatedthatifallthemilkbottlesnecessaryweremadeofplastic,thenBritishdairieswouldbeproducingtheequivalentofenoughplastictubingtoencircletheeartheveryfiveorsixdays），选项A“在不到一周的时间里生产足够的塑料管”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一段提到“一些环保人士认为解决这个问题的唯一办法是制止商店使用塑料”（Someenvironmentalistsarguethattheonlysolutiontotheproblemofevergrowingmoundsofplasticcontainersistodoawaywithplasticaltogetherintheshops），因此选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Theautomaticdoorsinsupermarkets______theentryandexitofcustomerswithshoppingcarts.

问题1选项

A.furnish

B.induce

C.facilitate

D.allocate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项furnish“布置家具，提供”；B选项induce“引诱”；C选项facilitate“促进，促使，使便利”；D选项allocate“分配，分派”。根据automaticdoors可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：超市的自动门方便购物车顾客进出。

4.单选题

Aswelfarereformhas_______millionsofsinglemotherslikePatinointotheworkforcesince1996,questionsaboutitseffectsonfamilieshaveloomedlarge.

问题1选项

A.nudged

B.propelled

C.divested

D.bumped

【答案】B

【解析】nudge轻推,唠叨;propel推进,驱使;divest剥夺;bump碰撞。句意：自1996年以来,福利改革推动了数以百万计的像帕蒂诺这样的单身母亲加入到劳动力大军中,福利改革对家庭影响的问题日益突出。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Thoughthepoliciesofracial（

）hadbeenabolished,manywhitesintheSouthwerestilldubiousaboutthesafetyofthecommunities.

问题1选项

A.segregation

B.regulations

C.communism

D.extinction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。segregation“分离；隔离”；regulations“［管理］条例；章则”；communism“共产主义”；extinction“灭绝；消失”。句意：尽管种族隔离制度已经被废除，但是南方很多白人仍然质疑社区的安全。选项A符合题意。

6.不定项选择题

Acomplexoperationcalledspinalfusionhasemergedasthetreatmentofchoiceformanykindsofbackpain.Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy（椎板切除术）.Somepeoplewouldbebetteroffwithnosurgeryatall.Evendoctorswhofavorfusionssaythatmoreresearchisneededontheirbenefits.

Intheabsenceofbetterdata,criticspointtoadifferentreasonforthefusionoperation’sfastrises:money.Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.Hospitalsalsocollecttwotofourtimesasmuch.“Weallcaveintomarketandeconomicforces,”saidDr.EdwardC.Benzel.Thoughdoctors,asarule,shouldfavortheleastcomplicatedtreatment—withsurgerybeingthelastresort—Dr.Benzelestimatedthatfewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.

Doctorsandhospitalsarenottheonlyplayerswithafinancialstakeinfusionoperations.Criticsblamethecompaniesthatmakethehardwareforpromotingmorecomplexfusionswithoutevidencethattheyaresignificantlymoreeffective.Somesortofhardwareisusedinalmost90percentoflower-backfusionsandthenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.

Thehardwaremakersingeneralacknowledgegivingsurgeonsmillionsofdollarsforconsultingandresearches,butsaythemoneypromotestechnicaladvancesthatimprovebackcare.ButalawsuitbroughtbyScottA.Wiese,aformersalesrepresentativeofMedtronic―thebiggestmakerofspinalhardware,accusedthecompanyoftryingtopersuadesurgeonstouseitsproductswithoffersoffirst-classplaneticketstoHawaiiandnightsatthefinesthotels.Medtronicsaiditdidnothingwrong,anditdeniedtheaccusationsinthelawsuit.Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.Federalofficialsdeclinedtocommentontheinvestigation,andMedtronicsaiditwouldvigorouslydefenditself.

Still,betweentheallureofmoneyandthequestforbreakthroughsintreatment,someprominentspinalsurgeonssaythatbackcarehasgoneastray.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsonthetreatmentofbackpainistrue?

2.Itisimpliedthatdoctors（）.

3.Thehardwaremakers（）.

4.ThecompanyMedtronic（）.

5.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“backcarehasgoneastray”inthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Spinalfusionprovidesabettercurethanothertreatments.

B.Spinalfusionisnogoodtopatientssufferingfrombackpains.

C.Thereislimitedevidenceastowhichtreatmentisbetter.

D.Doctorshavegreatconfidenceinthebenefitsofspinalfusion.

问题2选项

A.tendtochoosethetreatmentthatisconsideredthebestforpatients

B.haveputfinancialinterestsaheadofpatientsinconsiderablecases

C.arelikelytofavormorecomplicatedtreatmenttoimproveskills

D.wishtochangethecurrentsystemunderwhichtheygetpaidfortheirwork

问题3选项

A.haveobtainedenormousprofitsfromtheoperation

B.haveinvestedheavilyintheresearchofnewproducts

C.havehelpeddoctorsandhospitalsgainmoreexperience

D.havesuccessfullyprovedtheeffectivenessoftheirproducts

问题4选项

A.hasadmittedpayingkickbackstosurgeons

B.hasdeniedanyfinancialdealswithsurgeons

C.hasbeensuedforbuyingitsbusinesscompetitor

D.hasbeeninvestigatedbythegovernment

问题5选项

A.Ithasbeenontherighttrack.

B.Ithasbeenawayfromtherighttrack.

C.Ithasofferedanewtreatment.

D.Ithasmovedbacktotradition.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy.但一些研究人员表示，几乎没有科学证据表明，对大多数患者来说脊柱融合术比更简单的椎板切除术更好。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“脊柱融合术比其他治疗方法有更好的治疗效果。”，与原文不符；B项“脊柱融合术对背痛患者没有好处。”，与原文不符；C项“只有有限的证据表明哪种治疗方法更好。”；D项“医生对脊柱融合术的好处很有信心。”，与原文不符，因此C选项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.医疗保险可以为外科医生支付比椎板切除术多四倍的脊柱融合术费用。”以及“...fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.今天所做的脊柱融合术中可能只有不到一半是合适的。”，可知B项与原文相符。A项“倾向于选择被认为对病人最好的治疗方法”，与原文不符；B项“在相当多的案例中，他们把经济利益置于病人利益之上”；C项“可能会赞成更复杂的治疗来提高技能”，与原文不符；D项“希望改变他们目前的工作报酬制度”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段中“...thenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.……仅在硬件方面，全国每年的支出就飙升至25亿美元。”可知A项与原文相符。A项“已从这个手术中获取了巨大的利润”；B项“已在新产品研究上投入巨资”，与原文不符；C项“已帮助医生和医院获得了更多经验”，与原文不符；D项“已成功地证明了他们产品的有效性”，与原文不符，因此A选项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第四段中“Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.但该公司今年早些时候披露，联邦政府正在调查其向外科医生支付非法回扣的指控。”可知D项与原文相符。A项“已承认给外科医生回扣”，与原文不符；B项“已否认与外科医生有任何金钱交易”，与原文不符；C项“已因收购其商业竞争对手而被起诉”，与原文不符；D项“已经被政府调查过”，因此D选项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“...fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.……今天所做的脊柱融合术中可能只有不到一半是合适的。”以及astray有“误入歧途的，离开正道的”意思，可知B项与原文相符。A项“它已在正轨上”；B项“它偏离了正轨”；C项“它已提供一个新的治疗方式”；D项“它已回到传统”，因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasad（）whenshewasillandhadnomoney.

问题1选项

A.plight

B.polarization

C.plague

D.pigment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项plight“困境，境况”；B选项polarization“极化，偏振”；C选项plague“瘟疫，鼠疫”；D选项pigment“色素，颜料”。句意：他讲了一个关于他妹妹的故事，她生病了，没有钱，（）非常悲惨。本句意为“妹妹的处境非常悲惨”，因此A选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Lateralthinking（迂回思维），firstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonein1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butthedeBonewassofamous,Caspar’sparent’sworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachermightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”

“Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit.”Edwardadmits.NowCasparisatOxford—whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic（诵读困难）.Infact,whenhewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughhehadachance.“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand，whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidexactlywell.”Soonafter,EdwarddeBonedecidedtowritehislatestbook,“TeachYourChildHowtoThink,”inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.

Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andknowsthatchildrenaren'tverylogical.Soisn’titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?

“Youknow,”EdwarddeBonesays,“ifyouexaminepeople’sthinking,itisquiteunusualtofinditoflogic.Butthefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitview.”

31.“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseetheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternative.

1.Whatis“TRUEaboutCaspar?

2.CasparsucceededinapplyingtoOxfordbecause（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatEdward（）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsexpressEdwarddeBone’sview?

5.LateralthinkingreferstothefollowingEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.Hefirstdescribedlateralthinking.

B.Heisoftenscoldedbyhisteacher.

C.HeisEdward’sson.

D.Heisanadventurousthinker.

问题2选项

A.heusedintheexamthetechniquesprovidedbyhisfather

B.hereadthebook“teachYourChildHowtoThink”beforetheexam

C.hewascarefulandoftenoverworked

D.allofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance

问题3选项

A.waspromptedtostudylateralthinkingbecausehissonwasslightlydyslexic

B.oncetaughtbusinessmenhowtothinkbeforehewroteforparentsandchildren

C.waslikelytoimprovechildren’slogicwithhisbook

D.gaveadescriptionoflateralthinkingseveralyearsafterhissonwasborn

问题4选项

A.Weoftenthinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.

B.Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence.

C.Everybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.

D.Itisanuphillbattletryingtoteachchildrentothink.

问题5选项

A.seeingtheimplicationsofwhatyouaresaying

B.exploringthealternativesforwhatyouaresaying

C.improvingone’slogicinthinking

D.improvingone’sperceptioninthinking

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段Lateralthinking(迂回思维)，firstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonein1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butthedeBonewassofamous,Caspar’sparent’sworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachermightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”“迂回思维”首次被爱德华与1967年提出，随后他的儿子出生了。你可能会想象Caspar会被抚养成一个冒险的思考者，但是爱德华是如此出名，以至于Caspar的父母担心每次他提出一些奇特的想法时，他的老师可能会打断他的话，并说“你从哪里学到这个想法的？”可知Caspar是Edward的儿子，故C项正确。A项“Capsar首次提出迂回思维错误，该观点是他父亲提出来的。B项和D项文中未提及。

2.推理判断题。由第二段“sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand，whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidexactlywell.”他的父亲说：“然后我们进行了几次思考的研讨会，当他考试时，用上我的技巧，他考得很好。”可知Caspae成功被牛津大学录取的原因是他在考试时用了他父亲教的技巧。故A项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第二段“Soonafter,EdwarddeBonedecidedtowritehislatestbook,“TeachYourChildHowtoThink,”inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.不久之后，爱德华•德•伯恩(EdwarddeBone)决定写他的新书《教你的孩子如何思考》(TeachYourChildHowtoThink)。在这本书中，他把自己为头脑风暴的商人们开发的思考技巧转化成了供父母和孩子们分享的非正式练习。”可知爱德华曾经是教商业思维的。故B项正确。

4.推理判断题。第三段“Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andknowsthatchildrenaren'tverylogical.Soisn’titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?传统上认为思考是按照逻辑顺序进行的，并且知道孩子们不是很有逻辑。试着教他们思考，这不是一场艰苦的战斗吗?”由反问句可知教孩子们学会思考是一件很难的事情。故D项正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseetheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternative.“教你的孩子如何思考”提供了改善感知能力的课程，让你清楚地看到你所说的话的含义，并探索其他选择。可知A项“弄清楚你所说的话的含义”；B项“探索你所说内容的替代方案”；D项“提升一个人的感知能力”正确。C项“提高思维的逻辑性”文中没有提到。故答案C

9.单选题

Howbesttosolvethepollutionproblemsofacitysunksodeepwithinsulfurouscloudsthatitwasdescribedashellonearth?Simplyanswered:Relocateallurbansmoke-creatingindustryandencirclethemetropolisofLondonwithsweetlyscentedflowersandeleganthedges.

Infact,asChristineL.Corton,aCambridgescholar,revealsinhernewbook,LondonFog,thisfragrantanti-smokeschemewasthebrainchildofJohnEvelyn,the17th-centurydiarist.KingCharlesIIwassaidtobemuchpleasedwithEvelyn’sidea,andabillagainstthesmokynuisancewasdulydrafted.Thennothingwasdone.Nobodyatthetime,andnobodyrightuptothemiddleofthe20th-century,waswillingtoputpublichealthabovebusinessinterests.

Andyetit’sasurprisetodiscoverhowbelovedafeatureofLondonlifethesemulticoloredfogsbecame.Apainter,ClaudeMonet,fleeingbesiegedParisin1870,fellinlovewithLondon’svaporous,mutatingclouds.Helookeduponthefamiliarmistashisreliablecollaborator.Visitorsfromabroadmayhavedelightedinthefog,buthomegrownartistslitcandlesandvainlyscrubbedthegrimefromtheirgloom-filledstudiowindows.“Giveuslight!”FredericLeightonpleadedtotheguestsataLordMayor’sbanquetin1882,beggingthemtohavepityonthepoorpainter.

ThemoreserioussideofCorton’sbookdocumentshowbusinesshastakenprecedenceoverhumanitywhereLondon’shistoryofpollutionisconcerned.Aprevailingwesterlywindmeantthatthosedwellingtotheeastwerealwaysatmostrisk.Thosewhocouldafforditlivedelsewhere.Theeastwasabandonedtotheunderclass.LordPalmerstonspokeupforchokingEastEndersinthe1850s,pointingafingerattheinterestsofthefurnaceowners.Abillwaspassed,buttherewaslittlechange.Eventually,anotherconnectionwasestablished:betweenLondon’sperpetualveilofsmoganditscitizens’cozilysmolderinggrates.Sadly,popularWorldWarIsongsdidn’tdomuchtoencouragetheadoptionofsmokelessfuel.

Itwasn’tuntilwhatcametobeknownasthe“GreatKillerFog”of1952thatthecasualtyratebecameimpossibletoignoreandtheBritishpressfinallytookupthecause.ItwaslefttoaMemberofParliamenttosteertheCleanAirActintolawin1956.Withinafewyears,evenasthewaragainstpollutionwasstillinitsinfancy,thedreadedfogbegantofade.

1.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

2.Theword“grime”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.WhichwouldbemostheavilyaffectedbyLondon’spollutionaccordingtoCarton’sbook?

4.Theauthormainlyshowsinthelastparagraphthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Thefragrantanti-smokeschemewasputforwardbyJohnEvelyn’schild.

B.KingCharlesIIwasnotsomuchcontentedwithJohnEvelyn’sproposalattheverybeginning.

C.Theprocessofdraftingthebillagainstthesmokynuisancewasrelativelyslow.

D.Itwasn’tuntil1950sthatsomeonewillinglyputpublichealthabovecommercialinterests.

问题2选项

A.fog

B.dirt

C.frost

D.paint

问题3选项

A.Richdwellersintheeast.

B.Theunderclassinthewest.

C.EastLondon’sslumdwellers.

D.Servantsoffurnaceowners.

问题4选项

A.“GreatKillerFog”resultedinhugemortalityforBritain

B.theBritishpresswasalsoplayingamajorroleintheprocess

C.itwasalongwayfortheCleanAirActtobepassed

D.reducingtheairpollutionworkedthoughintheprimarystage

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Nobodyatthetime,andnobodyrightuptothemiddleofthe20th-century,waswillingtoputpublichealthabovebusinessinterests.（在那个时候，直到20世纪中叶，都没有人愿意把公共健康置于商业利益之上。），说明20世纪中叶之前没有人愿意把公共健康置于商业利益之上。因此D选项“直到20世纪50年代，才有人愿意将公众健康置于商业利益之上”正确。A选项“芬芳抗烟计划是由约翰•伊夫林的孩子提出的”，原文只说芬芳抗烟计划是约翰•伊夫林的想法，所以A错误。B选项“查理二世国王一开始就不满意约翰•伊夫林的提议”，与原文的muchpleasedwith（非常满意）相反，所以B错误。C选项“反烟害法案的起草过程比较缓慢”，与原文的duly（按时的）不符，所以C错误。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句London’svaporous,mutatingclouds（伦敦蒸汽缭绕，如同变异的雾霭），再结合第一段的sulfurousclouds（硫磺雾霾）和urbansmoke-creatingindustry（城市里所有制造浓烟的工业），说明在画室窗上的“grime”是煤尘污垢。因此B选项“污垢、灰尘”正确。A选项“雾”，C选项“霜”，D选项“颜料”均不符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。根据题干关键词可以定位到文章第四段第二句Aprevailingwesterlywindmeantthatthosedwellingtotheeastwerealwaysatmostrisk.（盛行的西风意味着居住在东边的人总是处于最大的危险之中。），说明住在东边的人受到污染的影响更大。因此C选项“伦敦东部的贫民窟居民”正确。A选项“东部的富人居民”，由原文可知有钱人会搬家，所以A错误。B选项“西部的底层居民”，由原文可知西部居民受到的污染影响较小，所以B错误。D选项“大熔炉主人们的佣人”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】观点态度题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段，最后一段前两句指出为治理雾霾而努力的具体事件，第三句总结Withinafewyears,evenasthewaragainstpollutionwasstillinitsinfancy,thedreadedfogbegantofade.（短短几年后，即使与污染的斗争仍处于起步阶段，可怕的雾霾开始消退。），说明虽然刚刚开始，但治理雾霾的措施起作用了。因此D选项“尽管处于初期，但减少空气污染奏效了”正确。A选项“杀人大雾”给英国造成巨大的死亡，C选项“《空气清洁法案》的通过是一个漫长的过程”只是表层示例，所以A，C错误。B选项“英国媒体在这一过程中也发挥了重要作用”不是作者主要想表达的内容，所以B错误。

10.单选题

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey（

）toviolenceinorderto

escape.

问题1选项

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。proceed“开始”；appeal“呼吁，请求”；resort“诉诸”；incline“倾向”。句意：通常，动物只有在他们受困想要逃跑的情况下才会采取攻击行为。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

XI.IntellectualPropertyLaw

Section106oftheCopyrightActgrants“theownerofcopyrightunderthistitle”certain“exclusiverights,”includingtheright“todistributecopies...ofthecopyrightedworktothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership.”Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.Thosesections,typicallyentitled“Limitationsonexclusiverights,”include,forexample,theprincipleof“fairuse”(107),permissionforlimitedlibraryarchivalreproduction,(108),andthedoctrineatissuehere,the“firstsale”doctrine(109).

Section109(a)setsforththe“firstsale”doctrineasfollows:“Notwithstandingtheprovisionsofsection106(3)[thesectionthatgrantstheownerexclusivedistributionrights],theownerofaparticularcopyorphonorecordlawfullymadeunderthistitle…isentitled,withouttheauthorityofthecopyrightowner,tosellorotherwisedisposeofthepossessionofthatcopyorphonorecord”,Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,109(a)addsthat,onceacopyofHerzoghasbeenlawfullysold(oritsownershipotherwiselawfullytransferred),thebuyerofthatcopyandsubsequentownersarefreetodisposeofitastheywish.Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.

What,however,ifthecopyofHerzogwasprintedabroadandtheninitiallysoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?Doesthe“firstsale”doctrinestillapply?IsthebuyerfreetobringthecopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitasheorshewishes?Toputthemattertechnically,an“importation”provision,602(a)(1),saysthat“importationintotheUnitedStates,withouttheauthorityoftheownerofcopyrightunderthistitle,ofcopies...ofaworkthathavebeenacquiredoutsidetheUnitedStatesisaninfringementoftheexclusiverighttodistributecopies…undersection106…”Thus602(a)(1)makesclearthatimportingacopywithoutpermissionviolatestheowner’sexclusivedistributionright.Butindoingso,602(a)(1)refersexplicitlytothe106(3)exclusivedistributionright.Aswehavejustsaid,106isbyitsterms“subjectto”thevariousdoctrinesandprinciplescontainedin107through122,including109(a)’s“firstsale”limitation.Dothosesamemodificationsapply—inparticular,doesthe“firstsale”modificationapply—whenconsideringwhether602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?

1.Whichwordisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“qualified”inthefirstparagraph?

2.Fromthesecondparagraph,onecanknowthatthe“firstsale”doctrine___.

3.Whatquestionistheauthoraskinginthelastparagraph?

4.Fromtheaboveparagraphs,weknowthatthestatementof___isnottrue.

问题1选项

A.restricted

B.limited

C.eligible

D.certified

问题2选项

A.permitsownerofaparticularcopytodisposeofitastheywish

B.isacopyrightjargonthatordinarypeopledonotuse

C.setslimitationtoacopyrightowner’sexclusivedistributionright

D.forbidsdistributionofacopyofthecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission

问题3选项

A.WastheHerzogprintedabroadandthensoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?

B.IsthebuyerfreetobringacopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitashe/shewishes?

C.Does602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?

D.Doesthe“firstsale”doctrineapplywhenacopyisinitiallysoldabroadwiththepermissionofthecopyrightowner?

问题4选项

A.Acopyrightowner’sdistributionrightisunlimited.

B.107through122containvariousdoctrinesandprincipleslimitingtherightsconferredby106.

C.602(a)(1)grantsacopyrightownerimportationright.

D.Copyrightsconferredby106arenotunlimited.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.词义辨析题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.（然而，这些权利是有限制的，这些限制将在法案接下来的107至122节中提出），根据句子中limitations“限制；局限性”可推测qualified表示“限制”，被动语态；A选项“限制；约束；限定（强调约束，这种约束大多来自法律等约束性文件）”；B选项“限制；限定（强调时间，范围，数量的限制）”；C选项“合格的，合适的；符合条件的；有资格当选的”；D选项“证明；保证”。因此A选项正确

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,109(a)addsthat,onceacopyofHerzoghasbeenlawfullysold(oritsownershipotherwiselawfullytransferred),thebuyerofthatcopyandsubsequentownersarefreetodisposeofitastheywish.Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.（因此，即使106（3）禁止分发一份，说，这部小说版权赫尔佐格未经著作权人许可，109（a）补充道，一旦赫尔佐格的一个副本被依法出售（或其所有权否则依法转移），买方的复制和随后的所有者可以按照他们的想法自由处置它。用版权术语来说，“首次销售”已经“耗尽”了版权所有者的106（3）独家经销权）可知选C选项“对版权所有人的独家发行权设置限制”，D选项“禁止未经版权所有者的许可发行受版权保护的小说赫尔佐格的副本”属于106（3）的内容而不是“首次销售”原则，错误，同时可知A选项“允许某一特定副本的所有者按照他们的意愿处理它”错误；B选项“是一个普通人不会使用的版权术语”在第二段未提及。因此C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到最后一段What,however,ifthecopyofHerzogwasprintedabroadandtheninitiallysoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?Doesthe“firstsale”doctrinestillapply?IsthebuyerfreetobringthecopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitasheorshewishes?（然而，如果赫尔佐格的复制品在国外印刷，然后在版权所有者的允许下最初出售，那会怎么样呢?“首次销售”原则还适用吗？买家是否可以自由地将复印件带入美国并按照他或她的意愿进行处理？）可知D选项“在版权所有人许可下，最初在国外出售副本时，‘首次出售’原则是否适用？”符合原文，同时可知A选项“《赫尔佐格》是先在国外印刷，然后在版权所有者的许可下出售的吗?”错误，B选项“买方是否可以携带一份复印件进入美国并按照他/她的意愿处理”这个问题是建立在D选项的前提上，需要有前提，而不是直接这么作为问题；最后一段最后一句Dothose