考研考博-英语-上海立信会计金融学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海立信会计金融学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。

世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各

种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶

段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了

被动的旁观者。

世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，

自己细心体察。这样，他们可以去贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。

中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆！它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和现今的科技成果。

【答案】Thefirstgenerationmuseumsofsciencesarethosedevotedtonaturalhistory,whichdemonstratetheevolutionarychangesoftheearthandorganismsthroughfossilsandspecimens.Thesecondonesaremuseumsofindustrialtechnologyexhibitingachievementsgeneratedintheindustrialage.Thesetwokindsofmuseums,thoughdisseminatetheknowledge,regardtheirvisitorsaspassiveviewers.

Thethirdgenerationmuseumsarefilledwithnewconcepts.Here,visitorscanoperatebythemselves,whichenablesthemtounderstandadvancedtechnologiesbetterandhelpthemprobeintothewondersofscienceandtechnology.

2.翻译题

现在我们面临健康研究中的四大挑战：道德价值、公平和美德、可持续的健康研究体系、良好的研究环境及知识的产生和应用。为了应对挑战，保健体系和健康研究体系两者应向一个学习和解决问题的模式推进，把创新包括进运作之中，更好地把握未来发展的机遇。没有效果明显的锦囊妙计，没有简单的解决办法，只是有许多事情要去学习。

【答案】Nowwearefacedwithfourkeychallengesforhealthresearch:valuesofethics,equityandexcellence,sustainablehealthresearchsystems,favorableresearchenvironment,andknowledgecreationandapplication.Tocopewithchallenge,healthsystemandhealthresearchsystemstogethershouldmoveintoalearningandproblem-solvingmode,integrateinnovationintotheiroperationsandbettermanageopportunitiesforfuturegrowthanddevelopment.Therearenoquickfixes,nosimplesolutionsandtherearealotofthingsremaintobelearnt.

3.单选题

Thehistoryoffilmreflectsthe（

）inherentinthemediumitself:filmcombinesstillphotographstorepresentcontinuousmotionand,whileseemingtopresentlifeitself,canalsoofferimpossibleanddreamlikeunrealities.

问题1选项

A.trivialities

B.biases

C.constraints

D.paradoxes

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。triviality“浅薄，轻浮，琐事”；bias“偏见，偏爱”；constraint“约束，局促”；paradox“悖论，反论，似非而是的论点，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：电影的历史反映了这种媒体本身具备的矛盾：电影将静止的照片结合在一起区别表现连续的动作，而当呈现生活时，也经常提供一些不可能的和不真实的东西。选项D符合题意。

4.填空题

Readingandcomprehendingalargenumberofdocumentsandreports—manyofthemspecializedandtechnical—isavitaltaskthatisintrinsictofulfillingmanagementand________responsibilities.(execute)

【答案】executive

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】intrinsic的用法为beintrinsictosth.，形容词fulfilling修饰management，意思为“令人心满意足的”；根据关键词and，可知responsibilities和management是名词，横线处和fulfilling为形容词，executive意思为“执行的”，符合语境。

【句意】阅读和理解大量的文件和报告——其中许多是专业和技术性的——是一项至关重要的任务，是实现管理和执行职责所固有的。

5.单选题

ConcernfortheenvironmentintheUSextendsbackintothenineteenthcentury,whennatureloversandsportsenthusiastsfirstsoughtprotectionforareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyorsignificance.Butitwasnotuntilthelate1960’sthatenvironmentalconcernsenteredthemainstreamofAmericanpoliticaldebate.BythenmanyAmericanshadcometotheconclusionthatmoredevelopmentwasnotnecessarilydesirable,especiallyifitmeantmorepollutedair,dyinglakesandrivers,andalandscapestrewnwithunsightlywaste,andcrowdedwithsprawlingconstructionprojects.InMayof1970,severalenvironmentalgroupsstagedthefirstEarthDaycelebration,designedtoheightenpublicawarenessofenvironmentalproblems.Thesuccessofthatinitialeffortledtoitbecomingaregularannualevent.

Duringthe1950sand1960s,industrialandvehiclepollutionlevelshadbecomeaseriousthreattopublichealth,sotheenvironmentalmovementofthisperiodfocusedheavilyonrestoringandensuringthecleanlinessofbasicairandwatersupplies.Rapidlyexpandingdevelopmentpressureswerealsospurringeffortstopreserveuniquelandsandthreatenedwildlifehabitats,andtoprotecttheendangeredspeciessupportedbythembeforetheyvanishedintoextinction.Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport;groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.Duringthe1970s,thislocalactivismreinforcedsupportforthepassageofkeylawsatthenationallevel,suchastheCleanWaterAct,CleanAirAct,EndangeredSpeciesAct,andNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct,whichtogetherhaveconstitutedthefoundationforenvironmental;standardsintheUSeversince.

Inadditiontothisnationallegislation,theyearafterthefirstEarthDay,byexecutiveorder,PresidentNixonestablishedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA);anorganizationdedicatedtorestoringandprotectingtheenvironment.TheEPAspearheadedmanycontemporaryeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,butitwasnotworkingalone.Itwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationsrangingfromasmallnumberofwell-fundedhigh-profilenationalandinternationalorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialinterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.TheEPAhasnowbecomeoneofthegovernment’slargestandmostinfluentialregulatoryagencies.Throughitsowneffortsandincooperationwithotherorganizations,ithasearnedalargemeasureofcreditforprotectingandrestoringthequalityoftheenvironmentintheUnitedStates.

Althoughonemightassumethatthecauseofenvironmentalprotectionwouldengenderuniversalsupport,itdoeshaveitsdetractors.Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.Environmentalistscounterthisassertionbypointingoutthattheirwarningshaveoftenbroughtaboutchangesonthepartofthepublic,thegovernmentandprivateindustry,andthatthesechangespreventedthepredictionsfrombeingrealized.However,justasitisoftenverydifficulttogaugetheimpactofhumanactivityonsomethingascomplexastheenvironment,itisequallydifficulttodeterminewhichsideisrightinthisdebate.Becauseenvironmentalissuescoversuchawiderangeofconcerns,thisisaquestionthatmustbeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.

31.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?

32.ThewordspurringinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.

33.AccordingtoParagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?

34.ThewordspearheadedinParagraph3canbebestreplacedby______.

35.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalprotection?

问题1选项

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovement,andhowitbegan.

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.

问题2选项

A.opposing

B.managing

C.supporting

D.motivating

问题3选项

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.

问题4选项

A.inspired

B.led

C.conceived

D.modified

问题5选项

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】31.【选项释义】

31.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?31.这篇文章主要关注以下哪一点？

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.A.地球日对环境运动的影响。

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.B.如何保护地球环境。

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovement,andhowitbegan.C.环境保护运动及其起源。

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.D.环境保护署保护自然资源的成功。

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】文章第一段先分析早期没有环保意识时的状况，然后谈到对于环境保护工作的重视；接着中间两段讲述了各个团体共同合作才开始有环保工作的开始；最后一段涉及了环保事业的一些批评。全文的主题词就是“environmentalprotection”，所以本文主要关注的是环境保护运动以及它的起源，所以C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、D选项只在文中某一段提到，并不全面，属于以偏概全；

B选项属于曲解原文，文章并没有就这个问题展开论述。

32.【选项释义】

32.ThewordspurringinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.

32.第二段中的单词spurring的意思最接近______。

A.opposingA.反对

B.managingB.管理

C.supportingC.支持

D.motivatingD.激励

【考查点】词汇推理题。

【解题思路】定位第二段第二句“迅速扩大的发展压力也spurring人们努力去保护独特的土地和受到威胁的野生动物栖息地，并在它们灭绝之前保护它们所支持的濒危物种”，根据前后词语pressures和effortstodo，可推测，是“压力促使人们努力去做某事”，所以spurring与“促使”的意思相近，D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、B选项明显与文意不符，属于曲解原文；

C选项表述也不正确，压力对于去做某事的努力不太可能是“支持”，该项曲解原文。

33.【选项释义】

33.AccordingtoParagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?33.根据第二段，为什么环境保护运动如此广泛地成功？

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.A.它保护人们关心的植物和动物。

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.B.它在地方一级运作良好。

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.C.它投票把没有同情心的政客赶下台。

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.D.它强制批准重要的国家法律。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位到第二段第三句“人们普遍认为，环保运动之所以如此成功，是因为它得到了群众的支持（itsgrassrootssupport）；数百个城镇的积极分子主动清理自己的社区”，可知，环保运动广泛地成功是因为得到了基层人群的大力支持，所以B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项定位第二段最后一句“在20世纪70年代，这种地方行动主义加强了（localactivismreinforcedsupport）对国家层面关键法律的通过的支持”可知，并不是环保主义使得国家层面关键法律被通过，并且forced用词也很不恰当，属于曲解原文。

34.【选项释义】

34.ThewordspearheadedinParagraph3canbebestreplacedby______.34.第三段中spearheaded一词最好用______代替。

A.inspiredA.鼓舞

B.ledB.导致，领导

C.conceivedC.构思，设想

D.modifiedD.修改

【考查点】词汇推理题。

【解题思路】定位第三段第二句“环境保护署spearheaded当代许多保护环境努力，但它并不是单独行动”，head本来就有“领导”的意思；另外，前一句提到EPA是“一个致力于恢复和保护环境的组织”，综合推测，可知，spearhead的意思就是“带领”，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C、D选项均不符合文意，属于曲解原文。

35.【选项释义】

35.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalprotection?35.根据第四段，对环境保护最常见的批评是什么？

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.A.它提出了一些会损害经济的措施。

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.B.它的预测不能通过实际行动加以阻止。

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.C.它缺乏取得任何真正进展所需的支持。

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.D.它声称的环境破坏并没有出现。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位最后一段第二句“对这一运动的一种批评是，它声称对环境破坏的可怕后果的预测常常是错误的”，以及第三句“环保主义者反对这种说法，指出他们的警告往往带来了部分公众、政府和私营企业的变化，这些变化阻止了预测的实现”，可知，批评者对环境保护的批评是，环境保护所预测的一些环境破坏带来的可怕后果并没有实现，所以D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项文中没有提到，属于无中生有；

B选项内容与原文相反，属于反向干扰。

6.单选题

Ihavelongbelievedthattroublebetweentheracesisseldomwhatitappearstobe.Itwasnothardtoseeaftermyfirsttalkswithstudentsthatracialtensiononcampusisaproblemthatmisrepresentsitself.Ithasthesamelook,thetypicalpattern,ofAmerica’stimelessracialconflict—whiteracismandblackprotest.AndIthinkpartofourconcernoveritcomesfromthefactthatithasthefeelofarelapse,illnessgoneandcomeagain.Butifweareseeingthesamesymptoms,Idon’tbelievewearedealingwiththesameillness.Foronething,Ithinkracialtensiononcampusistheresultmoreofracialequalitythaninequality.

HowtolivewithracialdifferencehasbeenAmerica’sprofoundsocialproblem.Forthefirst100yearsorsofollowingemancipationitwascontrolledbyalegallyapprovedinequalitythatactedasabufferbetweentheraces.Nolongeristhisthecase.Oncampusestoday,asthroughoutsociety,blacksenjoyequalityunderthelaw—aprofoundsocialadvancement.Nostudentmaybekeptoutofaclassoradormitoryoranextracurricularactivitybecauseofhisorherrace.Butthereisaparadoxhere.Onacampuswheremembersofallracesaregathered,mixedtogetherintheclassroomaswellassocially,differencesaremoreexposedthanever.Andthisiswherethetroublestarts.Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttimebringtothissiteoffreedom,exploration,andnow,today,equality,verydeepfearsandanxieties,notfullydevelopedfeelingsofracialshame,anger,andguilt.Thesefeelingscouldliehiddeninthehome,infamiliarneighborhoods,insimplerdaysofchildhood.Butthecollegecampus,withitsstructuresofinteractionandadult-levelcompetition一thebigexam,thedorm,the“mixer”—isanothermatter.Ithinkcampusracismisbornoftherubbetweenracialdifferenceandasetting,thecampusitself,devotedtointeractionandequality.Onourcampuses,suchconcentratedmicro-societies,allthatremainsunresolvedbetweenblacksandwhites,alltheoldwoundsandshamesthathaveneverbeenaddressed,presentthemselvesforattention-andpresentouryouthwithpressurestheycannotalwayshandle.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,（）.

2.Nowadaysracialtensiononcampusmostprobablystartswith（）.

3.Thephrase“comingintotheirown’’onLine8ofParagraph2probablymeans（）.

4.Whenyoungadultsentercollegeforthefirsttime,（）.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout（）.

问题1选项

A.peoplehavemisunderstoodthecausesofracialtension

B.peopledon’tunderstandthecausesofracialtension

C.racialtensionkeepsthesametypicalpatterninhistory

D.racialtensiononcampusisthesameasracialtensioninsociety

问题2选项

A.racialinequality

B.suddenawarenessofracialdifferences

C.whiteracism

D.racialinteractionandcompetition

问题3选项

A.enteringtheirownhomes

B.showingtheirownvalues

C.enteringtheirowncolleges

D.havingtheirownproblems

问题4选项

A.theybringfreedomandexplorationtocampus

B.theysufferfromracialinequalityanddifferences

C.theybringwiththemfear,anxietyandotherfeelings

D.theysufferfromcompetitionsinbigexams

问题5选项

A.racialinequalityinAmericansociety

B.racialtensioninAmericansociety

C.racialequalityoncampusandinsociety

D.thecausesofracialtensiononcampus

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由第一段“Ithasthesamelook,thetypicalpattern,ofAmerica’stimelessracialconflict—whiteracismandblackprotest.校园种族矛盾与美国永恒的种族冲突的经典模式-白人种族主义与黑人抗议是相同的。”可知种矛盾在历史上有相同的模式。故C项正确。A项“人们误解了种族紧张的原因”以及B项“人们不理解种族紧张的原因”是对“Itwasnothardtoseeaftermyfirsttalkswithstudentsthatracialtensiononcampusisaproblemthatmisrepresentsitself.在我第一次与学生交谈后，不难看出校园里的种族紧张是一个误传自身的问题。”的曲解。D项文中未提及。

2.细节事实题。由第二段Butthecollegecampus,withitsstructuresofinteractionandadult-levelcompetition一thebigexam,thedorm,the“mixer”—isanothermatter.Ithinkcampusracismisbornoftherubbetweenracialdifferenceandasetting,thecampusitself,devotedtointeractionandequality.但大学校园,因其结构为社交和成人水平的竞争——大型考试，宿舍，“大量混合”是另一回事。我认为校园种族主义源于种族差异和校园环境之间的摩擦，校园本身致力于社交和平等。可知如今校园种族矛盾是源于社交和竞争，故D项正确。

3.推理判断题。Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttime…对于每一个不同种族的年轻人来说，他们都是第一次离开家来到大学…由此可知年轻人是第一次离开家进入大学。故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第二段“Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttimebringtothissiteoffreedom,exploration,andnow,today,equality,verydeepfearsandanxieties,notfullydevelopedfeelingsofracialshame,anger,andguilt.对于每一个不同种族的年轻人来说，他们都是第一次离开家来到大学,他们给这个自由，探索和平等的地方带来了深深的恐惧和焦虑，以及还未完全发展的种族羞耻感，愤怒和内疚感。”可知年轻人第一次进入大学时，他们带去了恐惧，愤怒，内疚等感情。故C项正确。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要分析了校园种族矛盾的原因，即在一个微型的社会里（校园里）种族平等使以前未解决的问题现在更加明显地暴露出来。故D项正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

7.单选题

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.

Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

In1950,theU.S.spent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1,540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”，sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Askaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.

1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat（

）.

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof

（

）.

4.IncontrasttotheU.S.,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare

（

）.

5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople

B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore

C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology

D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy

问题2选项

A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

B.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

C.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases

D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

问题3选项

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.Slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

问题4选项

A.moreflexibly

B.moreextravagantly

C.morecautiously

D.morereasonably

问题5选项

A.medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives

B.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

C.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

D.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.（据说在英国死亡是迫在眉睫的，在加拿大死亡是不可避免的，在加利福尼亚死亡是可选择的）以及其后介绍的医疗技术的进步，使美国人在过去的一个世纪里，预期寿命几乎翻了一翻，因此C选项“美国人对他们的医疗技术过于自信”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Deathisnormal...Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.（死亡是正常的……我们要求一切可以为我们做的事情，即使它是无用的。最明显的例子是晚期癌症护理。医生们因无法治愈疾病而感到沮丧，并且担心病人失去希望，他们常常采用远远超出科学依据的极端治疗）可知A选项“医疗资源经常被浪费”符合题意。

3.观点态度题。根据题干关键词Lamm定位到文章第三段中，可知Lamm的观点是theoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”（年老体弱的人有义务死亡，以免挡住道路）。由第四段中的Iwouldnotgothatfar...Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.（我不会走这么远……作为一个只有68岁的人，我希望能像他们一样富有成效地衰老）和最后一段中的Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful...wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycures（我知道最昂贵和最戏剧性的措施可能是无效和痛苦的……我们可能为寻求不太可能治愈的方法提供了过多的资金）可推测作者基本同意Lamm的观点，但仍然有所保留，因此选B。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.（我还知道，日本和瑞典的人们在医疗上花费更少，他们的寿命比我们的更长，更健康）可知D选项“更合理”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出尽管有一个伟大的医疗卫生体系，但死亡不可避免；第二段提出死亡是正常的，但我们却想尽一切方法来延缓生命；第三段提出医疗资源不应该被浪费在一些没有挽救意义的人身上；第四段提出老年人的生活也可以是有价值的；第五段指出寿命的长短，依靠的不仅仅是医疗资源，应该合理使用。故本文旨在说明人们要勇于接受死亡，因此C选项“死亡应该被接受为生活中的事实”符合题意。

8.单选题

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouliketoaccomplishwithyourcareers?”anAmericansenatoraskedTimeWarnerexecutivesrecently.“Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.

AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverfromthelateSteveRossintheearly1990s.Onthefinancialfront.Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.

Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatwhenwefaceanythreats.”

Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx.NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheproclaimedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.

The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally”,saysLuce,“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”

1.AnAmericansenatorcriticizedTimeWarnerfor（）.

2.Theword“flap”(paragraph3)heremeans（）.

3.In1992,TimeWarnercausedpublicoutragebecauseit（）.

4.Inthefaceofrecentattacksonthecompany,Levin（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

问题1选项

A.itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice

B.itsself-examinationofthesoul

C.itsneglectofsocialresponsibility

D.itsemphasisoncreativefreedom

问题2选项

A.controversy

B.fear

C.disaster

D.solution

问题3选项

A.sackedworkersasaresultofrestructuring

B.issuedarecordpromotingviolence

C.advocatedthecultureofthestreet

D.challengedthefreedomofexpressionindemocraticsociety

问题4选项

A.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression

B.softenedhistoneandintroducedanewinitiative

C.yieldedtoobjectionsandresignedfromthecompany

D.requestedunconditionalsupportfromthe15-memberboard

问题5选项

A.profitsandsocialresponsibilitycanrarelygohandinhandinthecompany

B.fewpeopleareconcernedaboutcorporateresponsibility

C.thedebateoverTimeWarner’spolicywillsooninvolveothercompanies

D.theTimeWarnerBoard’sopinionofthecompany’spolicyisdivided

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.（这是一种自我反省，在不同时期，涉及到责任、创作自由和企业底线等问题。）通过这句话我们可以推测出，华纳对于自己社会责任的无视，因此C选项“对社会责任的忽视”正确。而A选项“它提高了公司的股票价格”，这是确有其事，但并不是议员批评它的原因；B选项“它的灵魂的自我反省”，他们有没有反省并不确定；D选项“它强调创作自由”，这个也不是参议员的观点。

2.语义推测题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.（对他来说，说唱带来的不安并没有使生活变得更轻松。）并且后文讲述了华纳因为发行的一些说唱歌曲而遭到抨击，因此说唱给他带来的应该是不好的事，因此A选项“争论”正确。B选项“恐惧”，不符合原意；C选项“不幸，灾难”，语义过重；D选项“解决方案”，和原文不搭。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.（1992年，时代华纳因发行Ice-T的暴力说唱歌曲《警察杀手》而遭到抨击。）可知TimeWarner“引起民怨”，主要是因为他出版了鼓励暴力的唱片。因此B选项“发布了一个宣扬暴力的唱片”正确。A选项“由于重组而被解雇的工人”；C选项“提倡街头文化”以及D选项“挑战民主社会的言论自由”都不正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.（但有迹象表明，主席正在放弃他的强硬立场，至少在某种程度上是这样。）因此B选项“他缓和了语气，提出了一些新方案”正确。A选项“坚定捍卫言论自由的立场”；C选项“屈服于反对意见，从公司辞职”以及D选项“请求15名董事会成员无条件支持”都不是真实的。

5.判断推理题。从最后一段Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally（我们中的一些人已经知道很多很多年了，第一修正案规定的自由并不是完全的），可知，宪法第一修正案中的言论自由不是没有限制的，因此他们应该同时考虑社会责任，对公司来说利益和社会责任通常不能兼顾。因此A选项“在公司里，利润和社会责任很少能齐头并进”正确。B选项“很少有人关心企业的责任”，过于片面；C选项“关于时代华纳政策的辩论很快就会牵涉到其他公司”，没有提及；D选项“时代华纳董事会对公司的政策意见不一”，不是真正的内涵。

9.单选题

Inaworldthataimstoeliminatehungeranddisparitiesinwealth,globeequilibriumisvital.

问题1选项

A.equity

B.balance

C.inequality

D.discretion

【答案】C

【解析】根据句意可知，这里是消除贫富差距。disparities意为“差异，不一致”。equity公平，公正；balance平衡，匀称；inequality不平等，不同；discretion谨慎，考虑周到。选项C与之意思相近。

10.单选题

Itisa（

）thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeoplewhocouldhardlykeep