考研考博-英语-四川文化传媒职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川文化传媒职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

AristotlecouldhaveavoidedthemistakeofthinkingthatwomenhavelessteeththanmenbythesimpledeviceofaskingMrs.Aristotletokeephermouthopenwhilehecounted.

问题1选项

A.couldhaveavoided

B.lessteeth

C.bythesimpledevice

D.open

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法。Less是little的比较级，用来修饰不可数名词，teeth是可数名词，所以应该用few的比较级fewer。句意：亚里斯多德认为女人的牙齿比男人的少，只要让亚里斯多德太太张着嘴让他数一数，他本可以避免这个错误。因此，该题选择B项。

2.单选题

Whyshouldyouthinkaboutintryingtofindyourcareer?Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinanengineeringcareer.Soitisimportanttoknowthesubjectsyoudowellinatschool.Ontheotherhand,youmaynothaveanyspeciallystrongorweaksubjectsbutyourrecordsshowageneralsatisfactorystandard.Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.Knowledgeofhistoryisnotrequiredformostjobsbutifhistoryisoneofyourgoodsubjectsyouwillhavelearnedtorememberfactsanddetails.Thisisanabilitythatcanbeusefulinmanyjobs.

Ifyouhavehadapart-timejobonSaturdaysorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.Youmayhavelearnedtogivecorrectchangeinashop,forexample.Justasimportant,youmaybecomeinterestedinaparticularindustryorcareeryouseefromtheinsideinapart-timejob.

Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself.Youmaybeallthumbswhenyouhandletools;perhapsyouareapoorspellerorcannotaddupacolumnoffigures.Itisbittertofaceanyweaknessesthantopretendtheydonotexist.Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportantpartofyourbackground.Youshouldnotbeapologeticaboutitbutinsteadrecognizethatyouwillhaveachanceofafreshstartatwork.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsumsupthefirstparagraph?

2.Thewriterthinksthatforastudenttohaveapart-timejobisprobably（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,ifastudentsschoolrecordisnotgood,he（）.

4.Whichsubjectissupposedtohavenodirectvalueforjobhunting?

5.Thewholepassagecenterson（）.

问题1选项

A.Theimportanceofdoingwellatschool.

B.Usingschoolperformancetohelptochooseacareer.

C.Theimportanceofbeinggoodatallsubjects.

D.Theindirectvalueofschoolwork.

问题2选项

A.awasteoftimethatcouldhavebeenspentonstudy

B.usefulforhisfuturework

C.agoodwaytoearnextramoney

D.agoodwaytofindouthisweakpoints

问题3选项

A.willbeacompletefailureinhisfuturework

B.willnotbeabletofindasuitablejob

C.willregretnothavingworkedharderatschool

D.maydowellinhisfuturework

问题4选项

A.Mathematics.

B.English.

C.TechnicalDrawing.

D.History.

问题5选项

A.choosingacareeraccordingtowhatoneisskilledin

B.acquiringknowledgebyworkinghardatschool

C.findingone’sstrongandweakpoints

D.developingone’sabilitiesusefulinschoolwork

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.归纳概括题。根据题干定位到第一段，第一段讲的就是人们可以在学校的功课中找到自己擅长的科目，并且将它未来直接或间接应用到具体的职业生涯中。Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.（虽然不是所有的科目都可以直接使用在工作中，它们可能有间接的价值。）因此D选项“学校功课的间接价值”正确。A、B、C都只是片面观点，并不能总结全段。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Ifyouhavehadapart-timejobonSaturdaysorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.（如果你在周六或夏天有一份兼职工作，想想你从中得到了什么。如果没有别的，你可能已经学会了如何按时上班，如何听从指示，以及如何与年长的员工相处。）这些都是说的未来工作时可能用到的地方，因此B选项“对他将来的工作很有用”正确。A选项“浪费了本可以花在学习上的时间”这一点原文没有提及；C选项“赚外快的好方法”，原文也没有提及；D选项“这是找出他弱点的好办法”，这个也是原文没有描述的。

3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第一段Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportantpartofyourbackground.Youshouldnotbeapologeticaboutitbutinsteadrecognizethatyouwillhaveachanceofafreshstartatwork.（例如，你的学习成绩可能不是很好，但它是你背景的重要组成部分。你不应该为此感到抱歉，而是要认识到你将有一个重新开始工作的机会。）根据句意可以看出D选项“可能会在未来的工作中表现出色”正确。A选项“他将来的工作会彻底失败”；B选项“不能找到一份合适的工作”；C选项“会后悔在学校没有更努力学习”是原文没有提到的。

4.事实细节题。根据题干可以定位到第一段Knowledgeofhistoryisnotrequiredformostjobs（大多数工作都不要求有历史知识）。因此D选项“历史学科”正确。A选项“数学”；B选项“英语”；C选项“技术制图”都不是对工作没用的。

5.主旨大意题。题干问的是全文的中心，立足于全文来看都是在说学校里做的不好也会获得收货以及Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself（面对你的弱点也是了解你自己的一部分），全文的段首还说到Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.（你可能在某些科目上比其他科目更擅长。这些可以显示出你在工作中可以用得上的优点。）也就是说要按照自己的优势去找工作，因此A选项“根据自己的技能选择职业”正确。B选项“通过在学校努力学习获得知识”；C选项“找到自己的长处和短处”；D选项“培养对学校工作有用的能力”都是片面的信息。

3.单选题

Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Theclockworksallthetimeevenwhentherearenooutsidesignstomarkthepassingoftime.Thebiologicalclocktellsplantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhentoleavetheprotectivecocoonandflyaway.Andittellsanimalswhentoeat,sleepandwake.Itcontrolsbodytemperature,thereleaseofsomehormonesandevendreams.Thesenaturaldailyeventsarecircadianrhythms.

Manhasknownaboutthemforthousandsofyears.ButthefirstscientificobservationofCircadianrhythmswasnotmadeuntil1729.InthatyearFrenchastronomer,Jean-Jacquesd'OrtousdeMairan,notedthatoneofhisplantsopeneditsleavesatthesametimeeverymorning,andclosedthematthesametimeeverynight.Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime.

Laterscientistswonderedaboutcircadianrhythmsinhumans.Theylearnedthatman’sbiologicalclockactuallykeepstimewithadayofalittlelessthan25hoursinsteadofthe24hoursonaman-madeclock.

AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks.Thepeopleinhisexperimentsareshutofffromtheoutsideworld.Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsforcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness.

ThelaboratoryisintheMontefioreHospitalinNewYorkCity.Ithastwolivingareaswiththreesmallroomsineach.Thewindowsarecovered,sonosunlightormoonlightcomesin.Therearenoradiosortelevisionreceivers.Thereisacontrolroombetweenthelivingareas.Itcontainscomputers,one-waycamerasandotherelectronicdevicesforobservingthepersoninthelivingarea.Theinstrumentsmeasureheartbeat,bodytemperature,hormonesintheblood,othersubstancesintheurineandbrainwavesduringsleep.

Adoctorormedicaltechnicianisondutyinthecontrolroom24hoursadayduringanexperiment.Theydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis.

Inthefirstfouryearsofresearch,Dr.Weitzmanandhisassistanthaveobserved16menbetweentheagesof21and80.Themenremainedinthelaboratoryforaslongassixmonths.Lastmonth,asciencereporterforTheNewYorkTimesnewspaper,DavaSobol,becamethefirstwomantotakepartintheexperiment.SheenteredthelaboratoryonJune13thandstayedfor25days.MissSobolwrotereportsabouttheexperimentduringthattime,whichwerepublishedintheNewspaper.

1.Thebiologicalclockisbelievedtoplayanessentialrolein（

）.

2.Inhisobservation,theFrenchscientistnoticedthattheleavesofacertainplantmaintainedtheiropening-and-closingcycles

（

）.

3.Thesentence“Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.”(InParagraph4)probablymeans

（

）.

4.IntheexperimentconductedbyMr.Weitzman,thedoctorwhoisondutydoesnotworkthesametimeeachday

（

）.

5.WhatisMr.Weitzman’sultimatepurposeofestablishingalaboratory?

问题1选项

A.theregulationofbodytemperature

B.thesecretionofhormones

C.animalreproduction

D.manyaspectsofplantandanimalphysiology

问题2选项

A.evenwhenitwaskeptinamurkyplaceallday

B.evenifitwasplacedinthemoonlight

C.evenwhenhewasobservingitfromadarkplace

D.evenduringthenighttime

问题3选项

A.Theycanleadtheirdailylivesaccordingtotheirbiologicalclocks,withoutreferringtoaman-madeclock

B.Theycanlistentothewonderfulrhythmsofthebiologicalclockandliveclosetothem

C.Theycanlivebyregulatingtheirowncircadianrhythms

D.Theyarefreefromtheannoyingrhythmsofeverydaylife

问题4选项

A.inordertoobservetheabnormalbehaviorofthepeopleatdifferenttimes

B.soasnottoberecognizedbythepeople

C.soastoavoidindicatingtothepeoplewhattimeitiswhenhestartswork

D.soastoleavethepeople’scircadianrhythmsindisorder

问题5选项

A.Hewantedtohavehisexperimentreportpublishedinthenewspapers.

B.Peoplearefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.

C.Hewantedtofindawaytotreatpeople’sdiseases.

D.Hecouldgainsomereputationforthefirstscientificobservationofcircadianrhythms.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题目问的是“生物钟在什么方面扮演着非常重要的角色？”文章第一段第一句话提到“所有生物钟都有一个控制其行为的内在生物钟”（Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior），接着提到生物钟告诉植物什么时候开花。告诉动物什么时候进食，什么时候睡觉和清醒，这些都说明生物钟能够引导动植物的生理机能，因此选项D符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“法国科学家观察到植物在何种情况下依然会遵循开与收的循环？”文章第二段提到“即使把这株植物放在一个全黑的环境，它依然会遵循这个规律”（Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime），因此，选项A符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第四段‘他们可以自由按照自己的生物规律生活’意味着什么？”文章第四段第一句提到“一位美国医生建立了一个实验室来研究我们的生物钟如何运作”（AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks），由此可知选项A“他们可以按照自己的生物钟而不用参考人为制造的时钟来生活”符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“在威茨曼先生的试验里，负责的医生同样也不按照时钟的时间工作的原因是什么？”文章第六段提到“他们（医生）每天工作时间一样不允许戴手表，所以实验室的人都没有时间概念”（Theydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis），选项C“为了防止他向其他人暗示时间”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“威茨曼先生建立实验室的最终目的是什么？”文章第四段最后一句提到“威茨曼先生希望他的研究能够对常见的睡眠问题、变老引起的失眠和精神疾病有治疗效果”（Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsforcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness），选项C“他想找到一种治疗疾病的方法”符合题意。

4.单选题

HehasbeeninChinaforayearandstudiedthemarkettodiscoverthe（

）forprofitableinvestment.

问题1选项

A.necessity

B.reality

C.capacity

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他在中国待了一年来研究市场，以便发现投资获利的可能性。

考查名词辨析。Necessity必然,必要,需要;reality现实,事实;capacity容量,能力,职位;potential可能,潜能。故D符合句意。

5.不定项选择题

Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalablekillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills”.Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecoursesveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.

Aschoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,andabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.

1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisfavorof（）.

2.Theword“fluctuate”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolshould（）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket

B.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes

C.aliberaleducation

D.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket

问题2选项

A.remainsteady

B.changeinanirregularway

C.followasetpattern

D.becomeworseandworse

问题3选项

A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself.

B.Aconstructionworkers.

C.Acarrepairman.

D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills.

问题4选项

A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket

B.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration

C.considerwhatskillsaresalable

D.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges

问题5选项

A.liberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow

B.schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes

C.extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning

D.manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由题干定位到文章最后一段第三句“…ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated”，如果学习能让他们更好地了解周围的世界，更能适应不断变化的世界，那么他们就没有被欺骗。这说明作者赞同让学生能了解周围世界、适应世界变化的通识教育。A选项“teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket”意为“教授能在当前就业市场上出售的实用技能”，由原文可知，作者认为就业市场是不断变化的，把年轻男女输送到只有有限技能的世界，是在把羔羊送入虎穴，所以作者是不赞同的；B选项“aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes”意为“随时代变化的灵活课程”，作者对于这种课程的态度是“Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?”但这种努力不会是徒劳的吗？所以作者是不赞同的；C选项“aliberaleducation”意为“通识教育”，与原文相符；D选项“keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket”意为“保持劳动力市场供求平衡”，原文“thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord”我们不可能使劳动力的供求完全一致，所以作者是不赞同的。因此C选项符合题意。

第2题:语义推测题。由fluctuate定位到文章第一段第六句“Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates”，随着就业市场的波动，技能是可售性变化的另一个例子。并且由后文可知，therapidchangesinthejobmarket就业市场是快速变化的。A选项“remainsteady”，意为“保持稳定”，与原文不符；B选项“changeinanirregularway”意为“不规则的变化”，与原文相符；C选项“followasetpattern”意为“遵循固定模式”，原文并未提及就业市场的变化有固定的模式；D选项“becomeworseandworse”意为“变得越来越糟”，原文只是指变化但没有说是往糟糕的方向发展。因此B选项符合题意。

第3题:判断推理题。由highunemployment定位到文章第二段。文章第二段提到现在是个高失业率的时代，首先从反面举例如果只学会少数技能就进入社会等于羊入虎穴，接着又说到学习理解和适应这个改变的世界能更快找到工作，最后总结道“Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills”学会学习是最高的不受限制的技能之一，因此有自学能力的更容易找到工作。A选项“Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself”意为“有自学能力的人”，符合原文；B选项“Aconstructionworkers”意为“一位建筑工人”，C选项“Acarrepairman”意为“一位汽车修理工”和D选项“Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills”意为“一个有相当多的销售技巧的人”，都只是掌握了少数技能，但不是自学的能力。因此A选项符合题意。

第4题:判断推理题。由developingacurriculumschool定位到文章第一段第七句“What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusively…inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket”即发展课程就必须使课程非常短，并经常更换它们，以跟上就业市场的快速变化。由此可推测，现代课程的着重点在于适应变化的能力。A选项“predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket”意为“预测技能在未来就业市场的销路”，原文未提及预测技能的销路，是强调就业市场是不断变化的，要去适应这种变化；B选项“takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration”意为“把当前的就业市场也考虑进去”，就业市场是一直变化的，所以重点是适应变化；C选项“considerwhatskillsaresalable”意为“考虑哪些技能是可以销售的”，可销售的技能是需要不断更换的，所以不是课程的重点；D选项“focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges”意为“关注适应变化的能力”，符合原文。因此D选项符合题意。

第5题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需逐个分析各个选项。A选项“liberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow”意为“通识教育现在正受到挑战”，与原文相符；B选项“schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes”意为“在不景气的时候，教授实用技能的学校表现更好”，与原文相反，学会有限技能的人进入社会只是羊入虎口，所以最关键的技能是自学能力；C选项“extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning”意为“课外活动比课堂学习更重要”，原文是指有自学能力的人在校外也能继续学习，但并没有说课外活动就比课堂学习更重要；D选项“manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem”意为“许多学生觉得教育制度欺骗了他们”，原文是如果他们获得的只是销售技能，不能随就业市场的变化而变化，那么他们就是受骗了，但这不是学生的想法，是作者的观点。因此A选项符合题意。

6.单选题

To（

）people’shungerforadventures,theycameupwithmanyhigh-techvideogames.

问题1选项

A.enhance

B.beautify

C.appease

D.nullify

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。Enhance“加强”；beautify“美化”；appease“使平息，使满足”；nullify“使无效，作废”。句意：为了满足人们对冒险的渴望，他们想出了许多高科技电子游戏。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Whatmakesbasketballthemost（）ofsportsishowthesestylesdonotnecessarilyclash.

问题1选项

A.aspiring

B.intriguing

C.conspiring

D.famous

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。aspiring“有抱负的”；intriguing“有趣的”；conspiring“协力的”；famous“著名的”。句意：篮球成为最有趣的运动的原因是这些风格不会冲突。选项B符合题意。

8.翻译题

如果你是那种看着别人的生活就羡慕，对自己的生活提不起精神的人，也许你需要把握生活，做些改变。很多人每天从早到晚做同样的事情，对现状感到非常满足并很快乐。但是，如果你觉得自己的潜能被浪费，内心深处渴望更活跃刺激的生活，你就需要采取一些积极的行动。

你会觉得如果你处在另一种环境，你肯定会掌握好局面，为更宏大目标而努力。如果你真这样想过，那就不应该被无法改变的现状所难倒，不要为自己为什么不开始行动找借口，也不要为自己找为什么不去充分发挥潜能的理由了。

如果人满腹激情，也有能力干一番事业，就不要浪费自己的才能。停止抱怨，命运掌握在自己手里！现在该是人停止自欺欺人、认识到岸上的安全可能要比你所想的更具有破坏性的时候了。

【答案】Ifyouarethatkindofpersonwhoadmiresothers’livesandislow-spiritedtoyourownlife,youneedtoholdyourlifeandmakesomechanges.Manypeopledothesamethingfrommorningtonightandfeelverysatisfiedwithcurrentsituation.However,ifyouthinkthatyourpotentialiswastedandyouexpecttohaveamoreactiveandexcitinglifedeeplyinyourheart,youneedtotakesomepositiveactions.

Youwouldimaginethatifyouareplacedinanotherenvironment,youwillbecontrolthesituationbetter,andmakegreateffortsformoreambitiousgoals.Ifyoureallythoughtaboutthis,youshouldnotbefrustratedbyunalterablestatus,rationalizeandexplainwhatyouwerenotdoingandwhyyoucannotexertyourpotentialfully.

Ifapersonisfullofpassion,andiscapableofhavingacareer,heshouldn’twastehiscapacity.Stopcomplainingandyoucontrolyourowndestiny!Itishightimethatyoushouldstopyourself-deceptionandrealizethatthesafetyontheshorethatispossiblymoredevastatingthanyoucanimagine.

9.单选题

Thisresearchhasattractedwide（

）coverageandhasbeenfeaturedonBBCtelevision’sTomorrow’sWorld.

问题1选项

A.message

B.information

C.media

D.data

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这项研究吸引了媒体的广泛报道,并在英国广播公司电视台的《明日世界》节目中进行了专题报道。选项中只有C选项符合句意。

10.单选题

strophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,“two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.

AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.Theviscosityinthediskthusformedcausesheating,radiation,andaslowspiralingofdiskmatterontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.

Therapidadvancesmadeinx-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstarratherthanawhitedwarf.Theinnerreachesoftheaccretiondiskextenddeeplyintothegravitationalpotentialoftheneutronstarwhereveryrapidmotionistherule.Theenergyreleasedbyfrictionandtheactualrainingofthematerialfromthediskontothesurfaceoftheneutronstarissogreatthatradiationisgivenoffinapowerfulfloodofx-rays.Andinatleastonecase,x-rayastronomersbelievethattheobjectinthecenterofanaccretiondiskisablackhole,suggestingthatathirdsystemmayexist.

Ithadbeenassumedthatportionsofaccretiondiskswouldbeunstableandthat,asaresult,clumpingoftheirmatterintoringswouldoccur.Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.

Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.Abramowicz'workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpredictionsoftheinstabilityofaccretiondiskswerebasedonwhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAbramowicz’workcanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcurrentscientificknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesofordinarystars?

5.ThepassagesuggeststhatAbramowicz’workwasmotivatedbywhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Thepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingabouttheprogressofknowledgeinastrophysics?

7.Thepassagesuggeststhat,comparedtothestudyofordinarystars,thestudyofaccretiondisksis（

）.

8.Accordingtothepassage,someaccretiondisksoriginatedin（

）.

9.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesignificanceofAbramowicz’workisthatit（

）.

问题1选项

A.comparingAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicists

B.providinginformationaboutaccretiondisksanddiscussingsignificantnewwork

C.definingtheconditionsunderwhichaccretiondiskscanbeobserved

D.exploringthequestionofwhetherablackholecaneverbethecentralobjectofanaccretiondisk

E.describingthephenomenonofaccretiondisksandreviewingseveralconflictingtheoriesoftheirorigins

问题2选项

A.AcalculationoftheprobableeffectsofstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

B.AcalculationoftheprobablerelationshipbetweengeneralrelativityandstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

C.Acalculationoftheenergyreleasedbyfrictionwithinacompactstar

D.Observationofthex-raysradiatedbycompactstars

E.Observationoftheclumpingofaccretiondiskmatterintoringsaroundcompactstars

问题3选项

A.uncertainapproval

B.unqualifiedrespect

C.mildinterest

D.carefuldismissal

E.hostileskepticism

问题4选项

A.Itspatternofdevelopmenthasbeenanalogoustothatofdevelopmentsinx-rayastronomy.

B.Itsroleintheexplanationofturbulentfrictionhasbeensignificant.

C.Ithascontributedtoamoreaccuratemodelingofordinarystars.

D.Itlagsbehindknowledgeofscalinglaws.

E.Itexplainsthebehaviorofaccretiondisksaswellasthatofordinarystars.

问题5选项

A.Thequantityofenergyreleasedbyaccretiondiskscanbeaslargeasitisonlyifthedisksarestable.

B.Improvedtechniquesinx-rayastronomywouldrevealanyinstabilitiesoccurringinaccretiondisks.

C.Thelackofobservationalevidenceofinstabilitiesinaccretiondiskssuggeststhatpredictionsoftheiroccurrencemightbewrong.

D.Knownmethodsofobservingaccretiondisksurroundingcompactstarsandblackholesdonotpermittheobservationofthematterinaccretiondisks.

E.Thegravitationalpotentialofcompactstarsdoesnotvaryfromstartostar.

问题6选项

A.Adherencetooutdatedtheorieshas,inthepast,limitedtheactivitiesofastrophysicistsandrestrictedprogress.

B.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredonlyasaresultofsignificantbreakthroughsinbasicphysicsandchemistry.

C.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredasaresultofaprocessofdefiningandsolvingrestrictedproblems.

D.Giventherecentacquisitionofknowledgeaboutthenuclearprocessesofstars,furtherprogressislikelytobelimitedtotherefinementofwhatisalreadyknown.

E.Conclusionsinastrophysicshave,inthepast,beenseriouslyflawed,thuslimitingprogress,althoughtherehaverecentlybeensignsofchange.

问题7选项

A.derivative

B.moresophisticated

C.lessclearlyfocused

D.atanearlierstageofdevelopment

E.moredependentontechnologicaladvances

问题8选项

A.anincreaseinheatandradiationaroundanordinarystar

B.apowerfulfloodofx-raysemittedbyaneutronstar

C.acollisionbetweentwostars

D.theturbulentfrictiononthesurfaceofacompactstar

E.theaccumulationofmatterremovedfromanordinarystar

问题9选项

A.providesameansofmeasuringthegravitationalpotentialofneutronstars

B.opensanewareaforexplorationinthefieldofx-rayastronomy

C.provesthatscalinglawscannotbeappliedtoaccretiondisks

D.proposesanewsystemofclassificationofstars

E.suggestsaresolutionofadiscrepancybetweenatheoreticalpredictionandactualobservation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:E

第9题:E

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文，原文多次出现关键词“accretiondisks”“newinsights”,从而即可了解作者的写作主旨，得出本题答案。

2.细节推断题。根据题干关键词“instability”将信息点定位到原文第四段第二、三句。“Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.”从而得出本题答案。

3.

观点态度题。根据题干关键词“Abramowicz’work”，可将