视译复习期末考试题

视译复习期末考试题视译复习期末考试题视译复习期末考试题xxx公司视译复习期末考试题文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度cPassage1（视译）

美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密

切合作和无私奉献。/

InAmericanschools,discussionisgiventopprioritywhileChineseteachersliketolectureinclass,andalotofthemareobsessedwithexaminations.Theywriteconsistentandstandardizedteachingplans,andarehappywithbringingupidenticalandstandardizedtalents.TraditionalChinesephilosophical/ideologicalsystemsarebasedonConfucianism,whichsingshighpraisesforcommunalharmony.ChineselearnEnglish,playbowling,enjoyKFC,whileAmericanslearnChinese,exerciseKungFu,likePekingDuck.AndTitanicsailedintoChina,whileThePeonyPavilionhasbeenperformedonBroadway./

Withthetransformationofgovernmentalfunctions,muchoftheworkinvolvingsocialservicesthatwasinitiallyundertakenbythegovernmentwillhavetobetransferredgraduallytosocialgroupsandnon-governmentalorganizations./

Consequently,therehasemergedanissuewhichconcernsthewayofaclosecollaborationandthedivisionofresponsibilitiesbetweenthegovernmentandsocialgroups,inordertofurtherthedevelopmentofcommunityservice.

Passage3

香港中文大学，简称“中大”，成立于1963年。中大是一所研究型综合大学，以“结合传统与现代，融汇中国与西方”为创校使命。ItisaresearchorientedcomprehensiveuniversitywithamissiontocombinetraditionwithmodernityandbringtogetherChinaandtheWest.CUHK’s134-hectarecampusisoneofthemostbeautifulcampusesintheworld.Ithasmorethan5200staffmembers,approximately10,000undergraduates,and2000postgraduatestudents.Ofthesestudents,some2,500arefrom45countriesandregionsoutsideHongKong.Themulti-facetededucationatCUHKhelpstobringoutthebestineverystudent./

Duringthelearningprocess,thelearnersconcurrentlydeveloptheirinterestinthisancientland,whosecivilizationissovastlydifferentfromtheirs.AndthelearnershaveopportunitiestolearnaboutChinesephilosophy,art,architecture,medicineandcateringcultureandexperiencefirsthandthesplendorsofthisvenerablecivilization.Thistrend,sotospeak,isgatheringmomentumandistheretostay.ApartfromtheirloveforChinesecuisine,moreandmoreAmericanlearnersofChineselanguageareturningtoChineseacupuncture,

herbalmedicines,martialarts.Seeminglyoutlandishwordssuchasdimsum,ginseng,gingko,oolongchahavecreptintotheireverydaylanguage.ThelatestChineseculturaliconstomakeitsimpactthereareTaoism,andancientschoolofthought,andfengshui,anancientartofplacement.Aseriesofenvironmentalproblemssuchasthedeteriorationofecosystem,theextinctionofbio-species,damagetotheozonelayer,thegreen-houseeffect,acidrain,haveposedaseriousthreattohumanlivingconditions.Presently,morethan40%oftheworld’spopulation,morethan2billionpeople,nowfacewatershortage.Itispredictedthatwiththeglobalpopulationexpectedtoincreasefromsixbilliontoeightbillionoverthenext25years,morepressureonenvironmentalprotectionstressisexpected.Proceedingfromitsnationalconditions,chinahas,intheprocessofpromotingitsoverallmodernizationprogram,madeenvironmentalprotectiononeofitsbasicstate

policies.Chinaisrichinwildlifespecies.Thereareabout6,000vertebratesaloneand30,000speciesofhigherplants.Therefore,itisnormalthatcountrieswillseektoprotecttheirowninterests,whichmayleadtotradefrictionsanddisputes.Thekeyliesinhowtocopewiththeseissuescorrectlyinacoolandwisemanner.Now,withover40,000investedenterprises,thetotalinvestmentinchinastandsat$45billion.Atthesametime,manyChinesecommoditieshavebecomefavoredchoicesofAmericanconsumers.Meanwhile,thenumberofChinese-investedenterprisesintheUnitedSateshassurpassed1,000.Theoveralldevelopmentinbilateraltradeandeconomiccooperationis,however,irreversible.Therearetwofactorscontributetothistrend.Firstly,the.economicandtraderelationsenjoycomplementaritiesinvastfields.Secondly,chinahasanoutstandinglaborcostadvantage./

TheChinese-typemanagementencouragescooperationamongemployees,betweenthelaborandthemanagement,andgivesemployeesajoyofparticipationandfulfillment,aswellasasenseofprideintheirwork./

TheAmerican-type,orthetop-down,managementemphasizesefficiency,andcompetitionamongworkers.TheAmericanworkethicseemstobemoreindividualoriented.Traditionally,AmericansworkbecauseitisthewillofGod,andoftenvaluetheresultsandaccomplishmentsofworkmorethanitsprocess.Wehaveacquiredakeensenseofthediversity,dynamism,andprogressofchinaunderyourpoliciesofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld.Beijingisforusanoldandnostalgichome.Duringourstayheretenyearsagowespentagreatdealofmemorabletimewiththepeoplehere----working,shopping,sightseeing,andtouringthecityonourbicycles.Theyweregooddays,importantdays.Wewerepartofthedramaticprocesswhichbroughtusbacktogetherandsetusontheroadtoagenuinefriendlyandcooperativerelationship.Whilewearenotsonaïveastobelievethattherearenoissuesofdifferencebetweenus,Ialsobelievethatourdifferencesaregreatlyovershadowedbyissueswhichbindusandstrengthenourrelationship.Indoingso,youattracttalentsthatwanttocontributetothatenvironment,creatingavirtuouscycleforthecompany.Forexample,shanghai’stransportationlinkstotheworld,includingPudongInternationalAirportandthenewdeepwaterportfacility,haveachievedworld-classstatusItiscomfortabletoholdontotheoldwaysofdoingbusiness.Butinnovationishardbecauseitusuallyleadstochange.Innovationrequiresnewideas,newprocesses,andnewinstitutions.Butinnovationanditsaccompanyingdisruptioncanbemanagedthroughgood

leadership,alongtermstrategy,andgoodpeople.PresidentHuJintaostatedatthebeginningofthisyearthat“Innovationisthecoreofthenation’scompetitiveness.Oureducationprogramsshouldensurethatthestudentsarelearninginanatmospherecharacterizedbythepursuitofnewknowledgeandprocessofdiscovery.Aninterrelatededucationalprogramwillcreateaflowofyoung,brightanduninhibitedmindstoworkonthefrontierofdiscovery.Butthatcanneverbetheonlygoal.Andmakingitaprimarygoalwillfrequentlybeshort-sighted.Basiccontributionstoknowledgeshouldbevaluedforbeingexactlythat.Ouruniversityhasanalmostuniqueroleinfosteringsuchcontribution.Therearethreetypesofpeoplethatcanbeimportant.Thefirstclassofindividualsconsistsoffancifulvisionaries.Thesecondclassofimportantpeopleininnovativeenvironmentconsistsofrevolutionaryexplorers.Thethirdclassofindividualsconsistsofuninhibitedexecutors.Sheissupposedtohavenolinesorwrinkles,noscarsorblemishes.Sheisthin,generallytallandlonglegged,andaboveallyoung.Allbeautifulwomenintelevisioncommercialsconformtothisnorm.theimageisartificialandcanonlybeachievedartificially.Morethanamilliondollarsisspenteveryhouroncosmeticsinthiscountry.Awomanisconditionedtoviewherfaceasamaskandherbodyasanobject,asthingsseparatefromandmoreimportantthanherrealself.Growingolderisthegreattaboo.Althoughboysareallowedandencouragedtobecomematureadults,girlsareencouragedtoremainlittlegirls,tobepassiveanddependent,nevertomature.Someoneplacedinadoublebind,theyaresupposedtobesexyandvirginal,experiencedandnaïve,seductiveandpure./

对一个女子来说，标准美是她的唯一标志。她的皮肤应该天生丽质，没有皱纹，没有疤痕，

没有瑕疵。她的身材应该清瘦苗条，通常是个高挑个，双腿修长，而青春年少则是首要条件。

所有在电视广告中出现的“花容月貌”的靓女都符合这个标准。这种形象是认为的，是可以

人工塑造的。Thissentimentalitytowardhomeissomethingthathascomedowntousfromthepast.Manymodernpeopledonothaveit,andIthinkitisagoodthingthattheydonot.许多人在谈到家的时候往往将它和某种气氛,某种环境及内心的某些情感态度联系在一起.这种对家的依恋情感古已有之,代代相传.许多现代人不再有了,我认为这是件好事.Intheolddayslifewasdifficult.Enemiescouldattackyouandkillorrobyou,andyouhadlittleprotectionagainstthem.Peopledidnotliveinwell-builthouseswheredoorscouldbelocked.Theydidnothavetheprotectionofanorganizedpoliceforceortelephoneswhichcouldsummonthepoliceinstantly.Howdidthisinfluencethewaypeoplefeltabouthome

Smallfamilygroupsclungtightlytogetherforprotectionagainstbeastsandagainstothermen.Onlythebravestwentbeyondthesmallfamilyarea.EvenintheMiddleAgesonlythemostdaringwenttolandsbeyondsea.Thehumanpursuitofsecurityconditionedmentolovetheirhomes.IamsurethatthisfeelingmusthavebeenverystrongamongtheearlysettlersoftheUnitedStateswhowereobliged,byfamineandoppression,totaketheplungeandgotothenewlandwheretheyknewnooneandwheretheyweresubjecttoIndianattack.Wecanseethiseventodayintheattitudesofminoritygroupswho,becauseofafeelingofinsecurity,stillpreservecohesivefamilyties.在遥远的过去，人们生活十分艰难．敌人可能会攻击你，杀害你或抢动你的财富，而你却毫无还手之力．人们并不住在可以锁门闭户的构造坚固的房子里．他们没有一支有组织的警察队伍的保护，也不能随时打电话报警．这些怎样影响人们对于家的感情呢？小小家庭的成员紧密团结，聚在一起，共同抵御野兽和敌人．只有最勇敢的人才离开小小的家族管辖区．甚至在中世纪也只有最勇敢的人才敢涉足海外．人类对安全的追求决定了人们对家的热爱．我相信，美国的早期定居者对此一定深有感触．他们被饥茺压迫得走投无路，只好毅然决定冒险来到这个举目无亲．易受Today,thankstomoderntransportationandwell-organizedsocieties,thousandsofpeoplewillinglyandeagerlyleavethesurroundingswheretheywereborn,andtheoftenertheydoso,thelesssentimenttheyarelikelytohaveforthosesurroundings.IlivedinEnglandforthreeyears,andInoticedthatboysandgirlslefttheirparents’homesandlivedindwellingsoftheirown.Theretheycouldjusttelephoneandaskanagencytoprovidethemwithahouseoranapartment,whichwastheirhome.HowhasthemeaningofthiswordhomebeenalteredbysuchactivityWhatdoeshomemeantothosepeopleortofamilieswhooftenmoveabout,livinginfirstonehotelandthenanotherIbelievethatforthemhomemeansaplacewheretheycanhaveprivacy.今天，由于有了现代交通和组织良好的社会，成千上万的人们愿意并且渴望离开他们出生的环境．而且，他们离家外出越频繁，对出生的环境的情感就可能越少．我曾经在英国，他们只需拿起电话，要求一家房地产经销处提供一幢房子或一个套间，那就是他们的家了．家这个词的意义是如何被这种行为改变的呢家对于那些经常流动，从一家旅馆到另一家旅馆居住的人们或家庭成员又意味着什么呢我认为，家对他们来说是一个离群独外不受干扰的地方．BillGates’SpeechatHarvard’sGradualCeremony不管怎样，我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快，也令人感到有压力，有时甚至会感到泄气，但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早，但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这里发展起来的一些想法，永远地改变了我。但是，如果现在严肃地回忆起来，我确实有一个真正的遗憾。WhatIrememberaboveallaboutHarvardwasbeinginthemidstofsomuchenergyandintelligence.Itcouldbeexhilarating,intimidating,sometimesevendiscouraging,butalwayschallenging.Itwasanamazingprivilege…andthoughIleftearly,IwastransformedbymyyearsatHarvard,thefriendshipsImade,andtheideasIworkedon.Buttakingaseriouslookback…Idohaveonebigregret.在座的各位同学，你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生，更多地了解世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中，我希望你们已经思考过一个问题，那就是在这个新技术加速发展的时代，我们怎样最终应对这种不平等，以及我们怎样来解决这个问题。YougraduatescametoHarvardatadifferenttime.Youknowmoreabouttheworld'sinequitiesthantheclassesthatcamebefore.In