(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第一册　Unit 5 Working the Land (含详解)

选择性必修第一册Unit5WorkingtheLand阅读·提速练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·福建泉州质检)TheCityofTorontocurrentlydeliversthreepublicartprograms：thePublicArt&MonumentsCollection，thePercentforPublicArtProgramandStreetARToronto(StART)．Theprogramshavehadatransformativeeffectonthecity’svitality，gatheringacollectionofpublicartthatisofinternationalsignificance.PublicArt&MonumentsCollectionTheCitycommissions(委托制作)andacceptsdonationsofhigh-qualitypublicartworksandmonumentsthatarerelevanttotheirprospectivecommunity，andenrichtheurbanexperienceofToronto’sresidentsandvisitors.TheseCity-ownedworksofpublicartandhistoricalmonumentsenhancepublicspacesalloverToronto.PercentforPublicArtProgramThegoverningprincipleforthePercentforPublicArtProgramisthatartisapublicbenefittobeenjoyedandexperiencedbyresidentsandvisitorsthroughthecity.Theprivately-ownedartisintendedtomakebuildingandopensparesmoreattractiveandinterestingandtoimprovethequalityofthepublicspaces.TheProgramrequiresthattheartworkmustbeclearlyvisibleatalltimesfrompubliclyaccessibleareas.StreetARTorontoStreetARToronto(StART)isaseriesofprogramsdesignedspecificallyforstreetsandpublicspaces.Launchedin2012aspartoftheCity’sGraffiti(涂鸦)ManagementPlan，StARThasbeensuccessfulinreducinggraffitivandalismandreplacingitwithcolourful，community-engagedstreetart.StARTprogramsencourageactivetransportation(walkingandcycling)，makeoutstreetsmorebeautifulandsafer，showcaselocalartistsandmore.语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了多伦多市目前提供的三个公共艺术项目。1．Whatisthemainpurposeoftheprograms?A．Tohostanartcompetition.B．TodisplayToronto’sartcollection.C．Toattractresidentsandvisitors.D．Toimprovethecity’sappearance.答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知，这些项目对这座城市的活力产生了变革性的影响，汇集了一批具有国际意义的公共艺术。由此可推知，这些项目旨在提升该城市的城市面貌。故选D项。2．Whatdoweknowaboutthepublicartworks?A．Theyaredonatedbyartists.B．Theyareownedbythecitygovernment.C．Theyarefreetoexperience.D．Theyarereplacinggraffiti.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章PubicArt&MonumentsCollection部分第一句可知，该市委托并接受与其社区相关的高质量公共艺术作品和纪念碑的捐赠，以丰富多伦多居民和游客的城市体验。由此可推知，作为公共艺术品，居民和游客应是可以免费体验的。故选C项。3．WhatdoesStARTfocuson?A．Communityservices.B．Streetsandpublicspaces.C．Privately-ownedbuildings.D．Greentravelmeans.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章StreetARToronto部分第一段首句“StreetARToronto(StART)isaseriesofprogramsdesignedspecificallyforstreetsandpublicspaces.”可知，StreetARToronto(StART)是一系列专为街道和公共空间设计的项目。故选B项。BItis6：00amonthefirstdayoftheschoolyear.InCherrybrookTechnologyHighSchool，mathematicsteacherEddieWooisalreadyatwork.Oneofthefirstthingsbeforethefirstbellringsistosetuphistripod(三脚架)andiPadinthemiddleoftheclassroom.ThistechnologyisMrWoo’scoretoolofthetrade.“I’mMrWoo.Irecordmylessons.Irecordallofthem.Infact，I’mabouttorecordthisone，”heexplainstohisnewmathsclass.Theuniqueapproachtoteachingmathematicshasnotgoneunnoticed.MrWooisarguablythemostfamousteacherinAustralia—amathsteacherbydayandanInternetsensation(轰动)bynight.Hestartedpostingvideosonlinein2012forastudentwhowassickwithcancerandmissingalotofschool.OtherstudentsintheclassthenwantedtowatchMrWoo’svideosonhisfreeYouTubechannelandwebsite，sohestartedsharingthemacrossthecountryandbeyond.Wootubenowboastsmorethan38,000subscribers(用户)andhasattractedalmost4millionviewersworldwide.CherrybrookTechnologyHighSchoolprincipalGaryJohnsonsaidMrWoowashelpingaddressastandingshortageofmathsteachersinAustralia，andmakingmathspopularagain.“Hehasanabilitytosimplifymathematicstoalevelwherekidscanreallyunderstandit，”MrJohnsonsaid.12-year-oldstudentEmilyShakespearsaidMrWoo’steachingstylemademathsirresistible.“Idon’twanttosayit，buthesuckedmeintomaths，”shesaid.OwenPotter，whoattendshighschoolinCobar，agreed.“It’sdifficulttounderstandhowsomeoneinSydneycaninfluencethousandsofpeopleacrossthewholecountry，”hesaid.MrWoowonthe2017UniversityofSydneyYoungAlumniAwardforOutstandingAchievement，andhewasoneof12AustralianteachershonoredattheCommonwealthBankTeachingAwards.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了MrWoo在教学方面的优秀表现，他的在线课程受到学生们的欢迎，他对教学的贡献已经得到广泛认可。4．EddieWoosetupaniPadinthemiddleoftheclassroomwiththepurposeof.A．listeningtomusic B．playingavideoC．recordinghisclass D．showingpictures答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Irecordmylessons.Irecordallofthem.”可知，EddieWoo要录自己的课。故选C。5．Whatcanweinferfromthestatisticsinthefourthparagraph?A．MrWoo’steachingvideosonlineareverypopular.B．MrWoohadmadealotofmoneybysellingvideos.C．MrWoopostedvideosonlinehelpingmanyadults.D．MrWoocreatedhisWootubein2012inSydney.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，Wootube现在有38000个用户，吸引了全世界几乎四百万人看视频。由此可推知，Woo的教学视频很受欢迎。故选A。6．AccordingtoGaryJohnson，MrWoo’smathslessonsare.A．difficulttofollow B．easytounderstandC．simpletohandle D．challengingtolearn答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“‘Hehasanabilitytosimplifymathematicstoalevelwherekidscanreallyunderstandit，’MrJohnsonsaid.”可知，按照GaryJohnson的说法，Woo的数学课很容易理解。故选B。7．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．MrWooisthemostwell-knownmathsteacherinAustralia.B．MrWoograduatedfromtheUniversityofSydneywithhonors.C．MrWoowontheCommonwealthBankTeachingAwards.D．MrWoo’scontributionstoteachinghavebeenrecognized.答案D解析段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，Woo获得了悉尼大学授予的青年校友杰出成就奖，并且他是获得联邦银行教学奖的12位澳大利亚教师之一。由此可知，本段主要讲了Woo对教学的贡献得到了认可。故选D。CForthemanyeagerreaderswhohopetofindsomesolutionstolife’squestionsthroughreading，anewly-publishedChinese-Englishbilingual(双语的)versionofHowWillYouMeasureYourLife？byClaytonChristensen，aprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchoolintheUnitedStates，mightprovideafewanswers.Ithasbeenreleasedaspartofaseriesofbooks，entitledHarvardBusinessReviewClassics.InHowWillYouMeasureYourLife？，thebook’sauthorraisesthreequestions：HowcanIbesurethatI’llbehappyinmycareer?HowcanIbesurethatmyrelationshipswithmyspouse(配偶)andmyfamilybecomelastingsourceofhappiness?HowcanIbesurethatI’llstayoutofprison?Hethenprovideshisunderstandingandthoughtsintothembyusinglessonsfromsomeoftheworld’sgreatestbusinesses.Christensen’sideashaveinspiredalargenumberofpeoplearoundtheglobe.RoanKang，generalmanagerofmarketingandoperationsofMicrosoft’sGreaterChinaRegion，isoneofthem.HewasluckytohavemettheauthorhimselfwhenChristensendeliveredspeechtoKang’scompanyafewyearsago.“IagreewithChristensen’spointthattoomanypeopleusematerialwealthorsocialstatusaswaystomeasuresuccess，whileinreality，itisdoingpurposefulworkthathelpsothersandimprovessocietythatistrulymeaningful，”Kangsays，addingthathehopesthebookwillinspiremoreyoungpeople.Kang,45，alsosupportsChristensen’sideathat“yourtimeisthemostpreciousofresources”，whichhesays，issomethinghelearnedfirsthandwhileworkingwithBillGates.“Afteryou’vefiguredoutwhatyourtoppriorities(优先级)areinlifeandinyourwork，youhavetobestrictwithyourselfandmakesureyouconstantlyputyourtimeintothosepriorities.”语篇解读本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了由克莱顿·克里斯坦森所著的《你将怎样衡量你的人生》一书，以及忠实读者罗恩·康的一些读后感言。8．WhatdoweknowaboutClaytonChristensenfromthetext?A．Heistrappedinanunhappymarriage.B．HehasworkedinMicrosoftforalongtime.C．Heisgoodatlinkinguptheorywithpractice.D．HeisafamousbusinessmannamedbyForbes.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，克莱顿·克里斯坦森结合讲述案例来表达自己对于世界的想法，并因此著书演讲获得成功，由此可知，他是一位善于理论联系实际的作者。故选C。9．WhatcanwefindinHowWillYouMeasureYourLife?A．HowtomarryMrorMrsRight.B．Practicalwaystoearngoodmoneyinbusiness.C．Howtocommunicatewithlawyersandjudges.D．Gettingonwellwithfamilydoesbenefitone’slife.答案D解析细节理解题。通过题目可定位到第二段，根据该段最后两句可以得知，作者是秉持家和万事兴这一信念的。故选D。10．WhatcanweconcludefromRoanKang’swordsaccordingtothetext?A．Materialwealthisnolongerthewaytomeasuresuccess.B．Makingthebestoftimeisapromisetoefficiency.C．Familyaffairsinourlifeshouldbethefirsttodealwith.D．Doingpurposefulworkcaninspiremoreyoungpeople.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，能充分利用时间，安排好做事情的优先级，将对人生助力无限。故选B。11．Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A．Tomakeclearthatlifeiscolorful.B．ToshowhowsuccessfulChristensenis.C．Tointroduceaninspiringbook.D．Tosharethekeytosuccess.答案C解析写作意图题。通读全文可知，《你将怎样衡量你的人生？》这本书主要从如何从职业中寻找快乐、和亲人相处等方面阐述了自己的感想，并激发了读者要善于利用时间，平衡工作和生活。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一本令人受启发的书。故选C。DIfyou’reinajobperformingdulltasks，youmightthinkthatarobotcoulddotheworkinstead.Butperhapsweunderestimate(低估)howmuchtechnologyalreadyhelpswiththeactivitiesthatwewouldotherwisehavetodo.Andasartificialintelligenceprogresses，wemayfinditreplacesusintheworkplacealtogether.Fornow，robotictechnologyisprovidingahelpinghandforbusinesses，particularlyinmanufacturing(制造业)，assistinghumansinperformingworkmoreefficientlyandsometimesmoreaccurately.Foronlineshopping，forexample，robotshavebecomevitalingiantwarehouses.Theysortandmovemillionsofobjectsofalldifferentshapesandsizes，althoughhumansarestillneededtopickanddistributethegoods.Theadvancementofroboticsintheworkplaceisgoodforsomebusinesses;theoneswhoresearch，develop，buildandusethem.TheBritishgovernmentestimatesthatby2035，artificialintelligencecouldaddaround￡630bntotheUKeconomy.Buttherearestilltasksthatrobotscan’tyetdo，andthat’sthechallengeforcompaniessuchasAutomata.Itsco-founder，SuryanshChandra，toldtheBBCthathistechnologywilldoitsbesttoeliminateboring，repetitivejobsthathumansdon’tlikeandaren’tverygoodat，andalsocreatenewonesthatarelikelytoreplacethem.Itseemscertainthatrobotswilleventuallybeabletodomoreandmoreofthejobsthatarecurrentlyperformedbyhumans，soshouldwebeworriedbytheriseofthemachines?Someexpertsfearhundredsofthousandsofjobscoulddisappearasrobotsreplacehumanworkers.Arecentreportsuggeststhat14percentofjobsare“athighriskofautomation”and32percentofjobscouldbe“basicallytransformed”，withthemanufacturingsectoratthehighestrisk.Butascompleteautomationissomewayoff，fornowwe’llhavetoworkside-by-sidewithourrobotcolleagues—andmanagetogohandinhandwiththembeforetheylearntokickusoutofthedoor!语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。随着人工智能的发展，我们可能会发现机器人会逐渐取代我们的工作。文章介绍了机器人技术是如何在各行各业帮助人类的，机器人技术的进步对企业产生的好处以及机器人的发展给人带来的关于未来工作趋势的担忧。12．Thesecondparagraphismainlywrittento.A．showhowrobotscanhelphumansB．nameindustriessuitableforrobotsC．explainwhyrobotscanreplacehumansD．explorepotentialprofitsthatrobotscanmake答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，目前，机器人技术正在为企业提供帮助，特别是在制造业，帮助人类更高效、有时更准确地执行工作。例如，对于在线购物来说，机器人在大型仓库中已经变得至关重要。尽管仍然需要人类来挑选和分发这些物品，但它们对数以百万计的不同形状和大小的物品进行分类和移动。由此可推知，第二段主要是为了表达机器人是怎样帮助人类的，故选A。13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate”inPara.3referto?A．Remove. B．Secure.C．Rediscover. D．Create.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据后文“boring，repetitivejobsthathumansdon’tlikeandaren’tverygoodat，andalsocreatenewonesthatarelikelytoreplacethem”可知，SuryanshChandra告诉BBC，他的技术将尽其所能消除人类不喜欢、也不擅长的无聊的、重复性的工作，并创造出可能取代这些工作的新工作。由此可知，画线词意思为“消除，去除”。故选A。14．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Possiblerisksformanufacturingsector.B．Remarksonthefutureoftherisingindustry.C．Predictionsaboutthetendencyoftechnology.D．Worriesaboutthefuturejobtrendduetomachines.答案D解析段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，似乎可以肯定的是，机器人最终将能够做越来越多的目前由人类完成的工作，那么我们应该为机器的崛起而担忧吗？一些专家担心，随着机器人取代人类工人，成千上万份工作可能会消失。最近的一份报告显示，14%的工作“面临自动化的高风险”，32%的工作可能“基本转型”，其中制造业的风险最高。由此可知，第四段主要讲述了机器人的发展给人带来的关于未来工作趋势的担忧。故选D。15．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodointhelastparagraph?A．Watchoutforrobots.B．Getalongwithrobots.C．Mindourownbusiness.D．Learntokickrobotsout.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，但是完全的自动化还有一段路要走，现在我们必须和我们的机器人同事并肩工作，并且在它们学会把我们赶出家门之前设法和它们携手合作！由此可推知，作者在最后一段建议我们与机器人和睦相处。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五Notlongago，nooneunderstoodthatinfectiousdiseaseswerecausedbytinyorganismsthatmovedfrompersontoperson.Evennow，althoughweknowthattinylivingmicrobescausedisease，howtheydosoisnotalwaysobvious.1.Theycanalsobetransmittedthroughourskinthroughinsectoranimalbites.Thebestwaytopreventinfectionsistoblockpathogens(病菌)fromenteringthebody.Thefirstlineofdefenseistokeepgermsatbaybyfollowinggoodpersonalhealthhabits.Washyourhandswell.Youprobablywashyourhandsafterusingthebathroom，beforepreparingoreatingfood，andaftergardeningorotherdirtytasks.2.Wetyourhandsthoroughly.Lather(产生泡沫)upwithsoaporcleanser，andrubitintothepalmsandbacksofyourhandsandyourwrists.Besuretocleanyourfingertips，underyournailsandbetweenyourfingers.Washunderrunningwater.3.Whetheryouareyoungoryoungatheart，gettingvaccinated(接种疫苗)isanessentialpartofstayinghealthy.4，suchasatemporarilysorearmorlowfever，theyaregenerallysafeandeffective.Vaccinationsareessentialifyouaretoavoidgettingsick.Ingeneral，childrenshouldreceivetherecommendedchildhoodvaccinations.Adultsshouldmakesuretheirvaccinationsareuptodate.Whentravelingabroad