毕业设计-某住宅楼采暖系统设计

/r/n72/r/n/r/n毕业设计说明书（论文）/r/n题目/r/n/r/n徐州某住宅楼采暖系统设计/r/n/r/n/r/n课程名称/r/n/r/n供热工程/r/n/r/n系/r/n/r/n部/r/n/r/n能源与动力工程学院/r/n/r/n专/r/n/r/n业/r/n/r/n建筑环境与设备工程/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n摘要/r/n近年来，伴随着国民经济的发展，人们对生活质量的要求有所提高。其不仅表现在对物质的追求有所提高，与此同时，对自身的生活环境要求也比过去更高。/r/n在过去，夏天高温季节，每家每户都会开空调，让自己呆在舒适的环境下，然而到了寒冷的冬天，许多人由于承担不起高额的电费费用，就不会开空调保持舒温，忍受着寒冷的冬季。而有些人则会用古老的办法取暖：炭炉，但这种取暖方式严重污染了环境，同时产生的一氧化碳等有毒气体都留在室内，对人体造成不良影响。为了避免这些问题又能让人不禁受严寒，供暖系统的发明改变了住宅区的一切。/r/n现在市场上开盘的楼房有很多供暖系统形式，大同小异，不外乎就是中央空调系统和采暖系统。多数小区用的都是供暖系统，经济高效便是其优点。/r/n采暖系统常用的热媒有水、蒸汽、空气。以热水作为热媒的采暖系统称为热水采暖系统。热水采暖系统的热能利用率高，输送时无效热损失较小，散热设备不易腐蚀，使用周期长，且散热设备表面温度低，符合卫生要求;/r/n于远距离输送。/r/n系统中的水在锅炉中被加热到所需要的温度，并用循环水泵作动力使水沿供水管流入各用户，散热后/r/n回水沿水管返回锅炉，水不断地在系统中循环流动。系统在运行过程中的漏水量或被用户消耗的水量由补给水泵把经水处理装置处理后的水从回水管补充到系统内，补水量的多少可通过压力调节阀控制。膨胀水箱设在系统最高处，用以接纳水因受热后膨胀的体积。/r/n热水供暖系统按动力循环的不同可以分为重力循环系统和机械循环系统；按供回水方式不同可以分为单管系统和双管系统，同时热媒也有低温水和高温水。而室内设计的一般采用低温水做热媒:95/r/n℃/r/n/70/r/n℃/r/n。/r/n本次设计就是对住宅楼进行的热水供暖系统设计，采用低温水做热媒，上供下回，单管异程不等温形式。/r/n/r/n关键字：热水采暖系统、膨胀水箱、中央空调系统、动力循环/r/nAbstract/r/nInrecentyears,withthe/r/ndevelopmentofnationaleconomy,peopledemandforqualityoflifeimproved.Itsperformancenotonlyinthepursuitofmaterial,atthesametime,alsototheirownlivingenvironmentrequirementishigherthaninthepast./r/nInthepast,thehightemperatureinsummerseason,everyhouseholdwillopenairconditioning,letoneselfstayinacomfortableenvironment,inthecoldwinter,however,becausemanypeoplecan'taffordthehighcostofelectricity,willnotopenairconditioningtokeepShuWen,endurethecoldwinter.Andsomepeoplewillusetheoldwayofheating:charcoalstove,butthiskindofheatingwayseriouslypollutedtheenvironment,toxicgasessuchascarbonmonoxide,meanwhile,tostayindoors,causebadeffecttohumanbody.Inordertoavoidtheseproblemscanletapersoncan'thelpthecoldagain,theinventionoftheheatingsystemchangedallofresidentialarea./r/nNowinthemarketopenedthebuildingstherearemanyformsofheatingsystem,thesame,whicharethecentralairconditioningsystemandheatingsystem.Mostofthedistrictheatingsystem,alluseeconomicefficiencyisitsadvantage./r/nHeatingsystemcommonlyusedheatmediumwater,steam,andair.Withhotwaterasheatmediumheatingsystemiscalledahotwaterheatingsystem.Hotwaterheatingsystem/r/nInseriesofhighheatenergyutilization,transportationinvalidheatlossissmall,coolingdevice,noteasycorrosion,usecycleislong,lowsurfacetemperatureandthecoolingequipment,/r/nConformtothehygienerequirements;Systemeasytooperate,safeoperation,easyadjustmentofwatertemperature,thesystemhashighheatstoragecapacity,uniformheatdissipation,suitableforlongdistancetransportation.Thewaterinthesystemintheboilerisheatedtotherequiredtemperature,andcirculatingwaterpumpasdynamicwateralongthepipeintotheeachuser,returnwateralongthepipetoreturnafterheatboiler,waterconstantlycirculatinginthesystem.Systemintheprocessofrunningwaterleakageorbytheuserofwaterconsumptionbythesupplypumpafterwatertreatmentdeviceofthewaterfromthereturnpipeaddedinthesystem,howmanycanbecontrolledbypressureregulatingvalvefillingwater.Thetopoftheexpansiontankislocatedinthesystem,toacceptduetotheexpansionoftheheatedwatervolume./r/nHotwaterheatingsystemaccordingtothedifferentpowercyclecanbedividedintogravitycirculationsystemandmechanicalcirculationsystem;Accordingtoforbackwaterindifferentwayscanbe/r/ndividedintothesinglepipesystemanddoublepipesystem,andheatmediumalsohavewateratlowtemperatureandhightemperaturewater.AndinteriordesigngenerallyUSESthelowtemperatureheatmediumwaterdo:95/r/n℃/r/n/70/r/n℃/r/n./r/nThisdesignisthehotwate/r/nrheatingsystemdesignforresidentialbuildings,usinglowtemperatureheatmediumwaterdo,fornexttime,singlepipeprocessnotisothermalform./r/nThekeyword:hotwaterheatingsystem,expansiontank,centralairconditioningsystem,powercycle/r/n目录/r/n设计原始数据及技术参数7/r/n1.1工程概况7/r/n1.2室外气候设计参数/r/n7/r/n1.3室内设计参数7/r/n1.4热源参数/r/n7/r/n1.5建筑参数7/r/n负荷计算/r/n8/r/n2.1各房间的设计热负荷8/r/n2.2围护结构的基本耗热量/r/n8/r/n2.3围护结构的附加（修正）耗热量8/r/n2.4围护结构的朝向（修正）耗热量9/r/n2.5风力附加耗热量/r/n9/r/n2.6高度附加耗热量9/r/n2.7冷风渗透耗热量/r/n9/r/n2.8冷风侵入耗热量10/r/n2.9供暖系统的设计热负荷/r/n11/r/n第三章系统选定12/r/n3.1确定热媒/r/n12/r/n3.2确定热源12/r/n3.3确定系统形式/r/n12/r/n第四章水力计算13/r/n4.1管路水力计算/r/n13/r/n4.2供暖系统管路水力计算的主要任务13/r/n4.3水力计算步骤13/r/n4.4水利计算公式/r/n14/r/n第五章散热设备16/r/n5.1确定散热设备/r/n16/r/n5.2散热器的选用16/r/n5.3对散热器的要求/r/n16/r/n5.4对散热器的注意事项17/r/n5.5散热器的计算/r/n17/r/n第六章管道的布置19/r/n6.1布置管道/r/n第七章辅助设备/r/n19/r/n7.1膨胀水箱选型计算19/r/n7.2循环水泵选型计算/r/n19/r/n毕业设计总结20/r/n参考文献/r/n21/r/n附录表22/r/nx/r/n第一章设计原始数据及技术参数/r/n1.1工程概况/r/n本毕业设计对象为徐州某住宅楼的室内采暖系统，无地下室，四个单元七层，层高三米，不考虑分户计量，墙体为多孔砖，门为金属框单层实体，窗为铝合金材质，地面为不保温地面，层面为钢筋混凝土平顶。/r/n1.2室外气候设计参数/r/n室外气温：-4/r/n℃/r/n。/r/n1.3室内设计参数/r/n室内采暖温度18/r/n℃/r/n。/r/n1.4热源参数/r/n本设计中介质由市政管网提供，采用95/r/n℃/r/n/70/r/n℃/r/n热水。/r/n1.5建筑参数/r/n徐州地区住宅，无地下室，地上七层，层高三米，墙体为多孔砖。们为金属框单层实体，门尺寸为1.2m*1.2m。窗为铝合金材质，主次卧窗尺寸为1.8m*1.5m，卫生间、厨房窗尺寸为1.2m*1.5m。地面为不保温地面。屋面为钢筋混凝土平顶。/r/n门窗、墙、地面的传热系数/r/n表1-1/r/n屋面/r/n0.49/r/n窗/r/n2.6/r/n外门/r/n3.2/r/n墙/r/n0.73/r/n第一地带/r/n0.47/r/n第三地带/r/n0.12/r/n第二地带/r/n0.23/r/n第四地带/r/n0.07/r/n负荷计算/r/n2.1各房间的设计热负荷/r/n用流水式之普通热负荷计算。/r/n在工程设计中，计算供暖系统的设计热负荷时，常把它分成围护结构传热的基本耗热量和附加耗热量两部分计算。基本耗热量是指在设计条件下，通过房间各部分围护结构（门、窗、墙、地板、屋顶等）从室内传到室外的稳定传热量总和。附加耗热量包括风力附、高度附加和朝向修正等耗热量。朝向修正是考虑围护结构的朝向不同，太阳辐射得热量不同而对基本耗热量的修正。/r/n2.2围护结构的基本耗热量/r/nQ=KF（Tn-Tw）/r/nα/r/nW(2-1)/r/n式中：K/r/n——/r/n围护结构的传热系数，/r/nF/r/n——/r/n围护结构面积/r/n/r/nα——/r/n围护结构的温差修正系数/r/nTn/r/n——/r/n冬季室内计算温度/r/nTw/r/n——/r/n供暖室外计算温度/r/n整个建筑物或房间的基本耗热量等于它的围护结构各部分（门、窗、墙、地板、屋顶等）基本耗热量的总和。/r/n2.3围护结构的附加耗热量/r/n围护结构的基本耗热量，是在温度条件下按公式计算得出的。实际耗热量会受到气象条件以及建筑物情况等各种因素影响而有所增减。由于这些因素影响，需要对房间围护结构基本耗热量进行修正。这些修正耗热量称为围护结构附加耗热量。通常按基本耗热量的百分率进行修正。附加耗热量有朝向修正、风力附加和高度附加耗热量等。/r/n2.4朝向修正耗热量/r/n《暖通规范》/r/n规定：宜按下列规定的数值，选用不同朝向的修正率/r/n表2-1/r/n北、东北、西北0~10%东北、西南-10%~-15%/r/n东、西-5%南-15%~-30%/r/n各房间朝向修正耗热量见附表/r/nⅠ/r/n。/r/n2.5风力附加耗热量/r/n风力附加耗热量是考虑室外风速变化对围护结构基本耗热量的修正。在计算围护结构基本耗热量时，外表面换热系数是对应风速4m/s的计算值。我国大部分地区冬季平均风速一般为2~3m/s，因此，《暖通规范》规定：在一般情况下，不必考虑风力附加。只对建筑在不避风的高低、河边、海岸、旷野上的建筑物，以及城镇、厂区内特别高的建筑物，才考虑垂直的/r/n外围护结构附加5%~10%。/r/n由于本住宅小区没达到计算风力符合要求，故不需考虑。/r/n2.6高度附加耗热/r/n民用建筑和工业企业辅助建筑（楼梯间除外）的高度附加率，房间高度大于4m时，每高出1m应附加2%，但总的附加率不应大于15%。/r/n高度附加率，是基于房间高度大于4m时，由于竖向温度梯度的影响导致上部空间及围护结构的耗热量增大而加的附加系数。由于围护结构耗热作用等影响，房间竖向温度的分布并不总是逐步升高的。因此对高度附加率的上限值做了不应大于15%的限制。/r/n对于多层建筑物楼梯间的耗热量计算不考虑高度附加，因为楼梯间的空气和各楼层相通，只是在布置散热器时，应尽量放在底层。这就已考虑竖向温度梯度了。/r/n2.7冷风渗透耗热量/r/n在风力和热压造成的室外压差作用下，室外的冷空气通过门、窗等缝隙渗入室内，被加热后逸出。把这部分冷空气从室外温度加热到室内温度所消耗的热量，称为冷风渗透耗热量Q2./r/n本设计中采用换气次数法：/r/n/r/nQ2=0.278nVcp（Tn-Tw）W（2-2）/r/n式中：V/r/n——/r/n房间内部体积/r/nN/r/n——/r/n房间换气次数/r/nP/r/n——/r/n采暖室外计算温度下的空气密度/r/nC/r/n——/r/n冷空气的定压比热，1KJ/（kg./r/n℃/r/n）/r/n/r/n/r/n房间换次次数表2-2/r/n房间外墙暴露情况/r/nN/r/n一面有外窗或外墙/r/n1/4~2/3/r/n二面有外窗或外墙/r/n1/2~1/r/n三面有外窗或外墙/r/n1~1.5/r/n门厅/r/n2 /r/n/r/n/r/n各房间冷风渗透耗热量见附表/r/nⅠ/r/n。/r/n2.8冷风侵入耗热量/r/n在冬季受风压和热压的作用下，冷空气由开启的外门侵入室内。把这部分冷空气加热到室内温度所消耗的热量称为冷风侵入耗热量。在设计工作中，由于流入的冷空气量不易确定，根据经验总结，冷风侵入耗热量可以按下式计算：/r/n/r/nQ3=N*Q1（2-3）/r/n式中：Q3/r/n——/r/n冷风侵入耗热量/r/nQ1/r/n——/r/n外门的基本耗热量/r/nN/r/n——/r/n考虑冷风侵入的外门附加/r/n/r/n外门附加率表2-3/r/n外门布置情况/r/nN/r/n一道门/r/n65n%/r/n两道门/r/n80n%/r/n三道门/r/n60n%/r/n公共建筑和生产厂房的主要入口/r/n500n%/r/n注：n为建筑物的楼层数。/r/n各房间冷风侵入耗热量见附表/r/nⅠ/r/n。/r/n2.9供暖系统的设计热负荷/r/n在采暖室外计算温度条件下，为保持室内计算温度，单位建筑面积在单位时间内需由锅炉房或其他供热设施供给的热量/r/n。/r/n采暖设计热负荷指标q计算公式如下：/r/n/r/nQ=Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4（2-4）/r/n式中：Q1/r/n——/r/n围护结构的基本耗热量，W；/r/nQ2/r/n——/r/n围护结构的附加耗热量，W；/r/nQ3/r/n——/r/n冷风渗透耗热量，W；/r/nQ4/r/n——/r/n冷风侵入耗热量，W；/r/nQ/r/n——/r/n供暖总耗热量，W；/r/n且Q值应根据建筑物下列散失的获得的热量确定/r/n。/r/n各房间系统热负荷计算量见附表/r/nⅠ/r/n。/r/n各房间和楼层总负荷计算结果见附表/r/nⅠ/r/n。/r/n确定热源方案/r/n3.1确定热媒/r/n热水，供回水温度为95/r/n℃/r/n/70/r/n℃/r/n。/r/n3.2确定热源/r/n介质由市政管网提供。/r/n3.3确定系统形式/r/n用流水三式之热水系统选择。/r/n由于采暖系统的作用半径超过50m，从设计蓝图到系统运行之间有太多的变数，如施工、调试、运行管理等，变数越多，出现问题的可能性就越大，为了增加可控性，选择机械循环系统。/r/n选择机械循环系统单管上供下回式热水采暖系统。/r/n第四章水力计算/r/n4.1管路水力计算/r/n用流水式之等压降法水力计算，计算各管段标注见附图/r/nⅠ/r/n，计算结果见表。/r/n与异程式相比，同程式多了一路回水管，更易于实现水力平衡。/r/n4.2供暖系统管路水力计算的主要任务/r/n按已知系统各管段的流量和系统的循环作用压力确定个管段管径；/r/n按已知系统各管段的流量和各管段的管径确定系统所必需的循环作用压力；/r/n按已知系统各管段的管径和该管段的允许降压确定通过该管道的水流量；/r/n4.3水力计算步骤/r/n统计出立管承担的负荷，查25/r/n℃/r/n温差的热水供暖系统水力计算表，该负荷对应的各种管径，找到比摩阻〈120Pa的那个就行，这是立管管径。单侧接散热器的支管管径等于立管管径，双侧接散热器的支管管径的确定方法同立管。有了立管、支管管径后，查垂直单管同程式管压降2KPa时的流量表，得各立管的查表流量。/r/n选择等压降法计算/r/n按25/r/n℃/r/n供水温差计算，把各立管的压降视作相等，计算顺序：先立管，后干管。立管由远及近，干管无所谓，但要求两个立管之间的干管压损误差尽量小于10%。实在做不到，交给阀门。/r/n立管水力计算步骤：/r/n直接给定计算压降，连同热负荷一同输入表中。/r/n根据热负荷与温差，利用表中公式，算出负荷流量。（与负荷对应的流量）/r/n根据比摩阻〈120Pa/m的原则，利用表确定管径。/r/n根据管径及系统形式查表得流量及压降。/r/n根据总符合、总查表流量、预定温差、计算流量调整系数、压降调整系数，并根据算出调整后的流量及压降。/r/n根据负荷、实际流量，计算出实际温降，以便计算散热器。/r/n干管计算步骤：/r/n立管计算完毕后，计算干管，先计算接热源的干管，在计算其余的干管，表中的流量、干管长度根据图纸和之前的计算表确定，局部阻力系数利用前面的表确定，管径大小通过试算方式输入，其余均由电子表格自动生成，两对干管压损的相对差额均超过10%，通过调整管径也无法调到10%，只能交给阀门。/r/n4.4水力计算公式/r/nG/r/nj/r/n=0.86Q//r/n△/r/nt/r/nj /r/n/r/n（4-1）/r/n式中:/r/n△/r/nt/r/nj/r/n——/r/n计算温差，/r/n℃/r/n/r/nQ/r/n——/r/n热负荷，W/r/nG/r/nj/r/n——/r/n热负荷流量，kg/h/r/n流量调整系数=0.86/r/n∑/r/nQ/(/r/n∑/r/nG/r/nb/r/n*/r/n△/r/nt/r/nj/r/n)/r/n /r/n（4-2）/r/n式中：G/r/nb/r/n——/r/n查表流量，kg/h/r/n压力调整系数=流量调整系数/r/n2/r/n/r/n（4-3）/r/n/r/n/r/n△/r/nP/r/nt/r/n=压力调整系数*/r/n△/r/nP/r/nb /r/n（4-4）/r/n△/r/nt/r/nt/r/n=0.86Q/G/r/nt/r/n（4-5）/r/n式中：/r/n△/r/ntt调整温降，/r/n℃/r/n干管水力计算/r/nR=6.88*10/r/n-3/r/nK/r/n0.25/r/nG/r/n2/r/n/pd/r/n5.25/r/n（4-6）/r/n式中：K/r/n——/r/n粗糙度，m/r/nG/r/n——/r/n流量，t/h/r/nd/r/n——/r/n管径，m/r/nR/r/n——/r/n比摩阻，Pa/m/r/nv=G/(0.9*3.14d/r/n2/r/np)（4-7）/r/n/r/n△/r/nP/r/ny/r/n=R*l（4-8）/r/n式中：/r/n△/r/nP/r/ny/r/n——/r/n沿程损失，Pa/r/n/r/n△/r/nP/r/nj/r/n=/r/n∑ξ/r/n*pv/r/n2/r/n/2（4-9）/r/n式中:/r/n△/r/nP/r/nj/r/n——/r/n局部损失，Pa/r/n/r/n△/r/nP=/r/n△/r/nP/r/ny/r/n+/r/n△/r/nP/r/nj/r/n（4-10）/r/n式中：/r/n△/r/nP/r/n——/r/n局部损失，Pa/r/n/r/n具体计算结果见附表/r/nⅡ/r/n。/r/n第五章确定散热设备/r/n5.1确定散热设备/r/n散热器计算，用流水二式之散热器选型计算，计算结果见附表。/r/n5.2散热器的选用/r/n采暖散热器是通过热媒将热源产生的热量传递给室内的一种散热设备。散热器的内表面一侧是热媒（热水或蒸汽），外表面一侧室内空气，当热媒温度高于室内空气温度时，散热器的金属壁面就将热媒携带的热量传递给室内空气。/r/n散热器的功能是将供暖系统的热媒（蒸汽或水）所携带的热量，通过散热器壁面传给房间。/r/n5.3对散热器要求/r/n热功性能方面的要求：散热器的传热系数越高，说明散热器散热性能越好/r/n经济方面的要求，散热器传给房间的单位热量所需要金属耗量越少成本越低，其经济性越好。/r/n安装使用和工艺方面要求，散热器应具有一定机械强度和承压能力，散热器的结构形式应便于组合成所需要的散热面积，结构尺寸要小，少占房间面积和空间。/r/n卫生和美观方面要求：散热器外表光滑，不积灰易于清洗，散热器装设应影响房间美观。/r/n使用寿命要求散热器应不易于被腐蚀和破坏，使用年限长。/r/n随着我国能源政策的改变和生活水平的不断提高，传统的铸铁散热器由于生产过程的高污染、低效率、劳动强度大、外观粗糙等原因，使用受到一定的限制。铜管铝翅片对流散热器，以较完美的外观和可以拆、装的外罩，在保障了散热器的使用效果的同时，又解决了散热器外观和清扫的问题，同时也起到了防护的作用。钢制、铝制散热器等由于生产过程污染小、效率高、劳动强度低、散热器承压能力高、表面光滑易于清扫、外形美观且形式多样，既可满足产品的使用要求，又可以起到一定的装饰作用。/r/n5.4对散热器的注意事项/r/n具有腐蚀性气体的工业建筑或相对湿度较大的房间，应采用耐腐蚀的散热器。/r/n采用钢制散热器时，必须注意防腐问题。应采用闭式系统，并满足产品对水质的要求，在非采暖季节采暖系统应充水保养。/r/n铝制散热器的腐蚀问题日益突出，造成的腐蚀主要是碱腐蚀，采用铝制散热器时，应选用内防腐性铝制散热器，并满足产品对水质的要求。/r/n安装热量表和恒温阀的热水采暖系统不宜采用水流通道内含有粘砂的铸铁等散热器。/r/n热水采暖系统选用散热器时，钢制散热器与铝制散热器不应在同一热水采暖系统中使用。/r/n注：本系统选用的是M-132型散热器/r/n5.5散热器的计算/r/nF=/r/nβ/r/n1/r/nβ/r/n2/r/nβ/r/n3/r/nQ/[K（t/r/npj/r/n-t/r/nn/r/n）]m/r/n2/r/n（5-1）/r/n式中：F/r/n——/r/n散热器散热面积，m/r/n2；/r/nQ/r/n——/r/n散热器的散热量，W；/r/nt/r/npj/r/n——/r/n散热器内热媒平均温度，/r/n℃/r/n；/r/nT/r/nn/r/n——/r/n供暖室内计算温度，/r/n℃/r/n；/r/nK/r/n——/r/n散热器的传热系数，W/m/r/n2/r/n*/r/n℃/r/n；/r/n/r/nβ——/r/n散热器组装片数修正系数；/r/n/r/nβ——/r/n散热器链接形式修正系数；/r/n/r/nβ——/r/n散热器组安装形式修正系数。/r/n备注说明/r/n本表中k=2.426(t/r/npj/r/n-t/r/nn/r/n)/r/n0.286/r/n，可调整公式，也可直接输入k值。/r/n2、片数修正系数β/r/n1/r/n的确定（翼型散热器不用修正）--片数/修正系数/r/n≤5/0.94，6～8/0.98，9～10/1.00，11～15/1.02，16～20/1.03，≥21/1.04/r/n3、连接方式修正系数β/r/n2/r/n的确定（其他散热器可近似套用）/r/n铸铁柱型：同侧上进下出1.00，下进上出1.42；异侧上进下出1.00，下进下出1.20。/r/n铸铁长翼型：同侧上进下出1.00，下进上出1.40；异侧上进下出0.99，下进下出1.29。/r/n钢制柱型：同侧上进下出1.00，下进上出1.19；异侧上进下出0.99，下进下出1.18。/r/n钢制板型：同侧上进下出1.00，下进上出1.69；异侧上进下出1.00，下进下出2.17。/r/n钢串片型：同侧上进下出1.00，下进上出1.14；异侧上进下出--，下进下出--。/r/n具体计算结果见附表/r/nⅢ/r/n。/r/n4、安装形式修正系数β/r/n3/r/n的确定/r/n装在墙的凹槽内（半暗装）散热器上部距离为100mm,1.06/r/n明装但在散热器上部有窗台板覆盖，散热器距窗台板高度为150mm,1.02/r/n装在罩内,上部敞开，下部距地150mm,0.95/r/n装在罩内,上部下部开口，开口高度均为150mm,1.04/r/n具体见施工图。/r/n第六章管道布置/r/n6.1布置管道/r/n布置室内管道时，需考虑维修及系统排气、排水问题。/r/n具体见施工图。/r/n辅助设备/r/n7.1膨胀水箱选型/r/n膨胀水箱接在循环水泵的入口处。/r/n膨胀水箱的有效容积应大于系统运行过程中可能的最大膨胀量。/r/n7.2循环水泵选型/r/n最不利管路长度约为240米，按比摩阻100pa/m考虑，总沿程损失为24Kpa，按沿程局部=1：1考虑，则管路压损为48Kpa，换热器压损按4Kpa，再考虑保险系数，循环水泵扬程需要大于70Kpa，再结合水侧流量9m/r/n3/r/n/h，选择水泵，参数：9.4-14m/r/n3/r/n/h，扬程6.6-7.35mH/r/n2/r/nO，功率0.75KW，考虑一备一用。/r/n/r/n毕业设计总结/r/n毕业设计是培养学生综合运用所学知识、发现、提出问题，并分析解决问题的过程。是锻炼实践能力的重要环节，是对学生实际工作能力的具体训练和考察过程，随着科学技术发展的日新月异，供热设计已成为当今活跃的领域，在生活中可以说是无处不在，因此来说，掌握好有关方面的技术是十分重要的。/r/n回顾此次住宅供热的设计，至今我仍感慨颇多，刚开始的时候要理清思路，研究平面图，设计管路的布置，进行水利计算，负荷计算。/r/n从选题到定稿，从理论到实践，在整整两周的时间里，不仅巩固了之前所学过的知识，而且学到了很多在书本上没有接触过的东西，通过这次毕业设计使我懂得了理论与实践相结合是很重要的，只学理论知识是远远不够的，只有把所学的理论知识和实践相结合，从理论中得出结论，才能真正为社会服务，从而提高自己的实际动手能力和独立思考能力。/r/n在设计的过程中遇到了各种各样的问题，发现了自己的不足之处，对以前学过的知识理解不够深刻，掌握的不够牢固，通过这次毕业设计，把之前的知识又学习一遍，有了更深刻的理解。/r/n这次毕业设计最终能成有很大一部分困难是在老师的辛勤指导下顺利解决的，同时从老师的身上我学到了很多实用的知识，再次表示衷心的感谢。/r/n参考文献/r/n[1]贺平,孙刚.供热工程[M].中国建筑工业出版社，1993./r/n[2]民用建筑节能设计标准[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1995./r/n[3]李岱森.简明供暖设计手册.中国建筑工业出版社,1998./r/n[4]狄育慧.采暖建筑中墙体节能的探讨.北京节能，2000，(6)：29~30./r/n[5]张锡虎.住宅单管系统分室温度控制的手段及其热工特性[J].建筑节能,1998,(2)：22~28./r/n[6]王维华.适宜分户计量、分室控温的住宅供暖系统形式.节能技术,2001,(2):22~24./r/n[7]毛立纯.某高层住宅采暖系统分析[J].中外建筑，2001，06期/r/n[8]王睿.采暖设计的一些常见问题[J].科技资讯，2001，05期/r/n[9]王荣光，秦显娥.住宅分户热计量采暖设计工程实例[J].中国建设信息供热制冷，2004，02期/r/n[10]余茂林.高层建筑采暖[J].工程建设与设计，1982，04期/r/n[11]陶明峰.浅谈高层建筑热水采暖系统[J].黑龙江科技信息2009，20期/r/n附表/r/n隔层房间计算参数/r/n底层：/r/n/r/n房间/r/n负荷源/r/n传热系数/r/n温差修正系数/r/n耗热量修正/r/n名称/r/n面积计算/r/n朝向/r/n风力/r/n长/r/n高/r/nF（m2）/r/nK/r/nα/r/nXch/r/nXf/r/n101主卧/r/n南外墙/r/n3.3/r/n3/r/n6.15/r/n0.73/r/n1/r/n-0.2/r/n0/r/n南外窗/r/n2.5/r/n1.5/r/n3.75/r/n2.6/r/n1/r/n-0.2/r/n0/r/n西外墙/r/n5/r/n3/r/n15/r/n0.73/r/n1/r/n-0.05/r/n0/r/n地面/r/n3.3/r/n5/r/n16.5/r/n0.89/r/n1/r/n0/r/n0/r/n房间小计/r/n室内(℃)/r/n18/r/n室外（℃）/r/n-4/r/n房高修正Xg/r/n0/r/n0/r/n101次卧/r/n北外墙/r/n3.3/r/n3/r/n6.15/r/n0.73/r/n1/r/n-0.1/r/n0/r/n北外窗/r/n2.5/r/n1.5/r/n3.75/r/n2.6/r/n1/r/n-0.1/r/n0/r/n西外墙/r/n4.7/r/n3/r/n14.1/r/n0.73/r/n1/r/n-0.05/r/n0/r/n地面/r/n3.3/r/n4.7/r/n15.51/r/n0.89/r/n1/r/n0/r/n0/r/n房间小计/r/n室内(℃)/r/n18/r/n室外（℃）/r/n-4/r/n房高修正Xg/r/n0/r/n0/r/n101卫生间/r/n北外墙/r/n1.8/r/n3/r/n3.6/r/n0.73/r/n1/r/n-0.1/r/n0/r/n北外窗/r/n1.2/r/n1.5/r/n1.8/r/n2.6/r/n1/r/n-0.1/r/n0/r/n地面/r/n1.8/r/n2.7/r/n4.86/r/n0.89/r/n1/r/n0/r/n0/r/n房间小计/r/n室内(℃)/r/n18/r/n室外（℃）/r/n-4/r/n房高修正Xg/r/n0/r/n0/r/n101厨房/r/n北外墙/r/n2.2/r/n3/r/n4.8/r/n0.73/r/n1/r/n-0.1/r/n0/r/n北外窗/r/n1.2/r/n1.5/r/n1.8/r/n2.6/r/n1/r/n-0.1/r/n0/r/n东外墙/r/n2.7/r/n3/r/n8.1/r/n0.73/r/n1/r/n0/r/n0/r/n地面/r/n2.2/r/n2.7/r/n5.94/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