外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习15：必修3 Unit 3　The world of science(含解析)

课时质量评价(十五)必修第三册Unit3TheworldofscienceA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AYoumaynotknowthenameJohnSmithPemberton,butyoumustknowthenameofhis1.________(invent):Coca­Cola.PembertonwasaUSchemist.WhenhewaswoundedintheCivilWar,heusedmedicinetoeasethepainandgraduallygot2.________(addict)toit.Tolighttheaddiction,hecreatedhisowndrinkby3.________(use)leavesofcocaandnutsofkola.Henamed4.________，“Pemberton'sFrenchWineCoca”.Inthesameyear,thelocalgovernmentpassedabanonalcohol.Pembertonhadtochangetherecipetoremovethealcohol.In1886,PembertoninvitedWillisVenabletohelphimperfecthisnewrecipe.Theyusedcarbonatedwaterandfinallyinventedanewdrink.Ithadnoalcohol5.________couldstilleasepainandclearthemind.Pembertondecidedtosellit6.________adrinkratherthanamedicine.In1887,PembertonsoldpartofthestockofhiscompanytoAsaCandler,7.________latercreatedtheCoca­ColaCompany.Nowadays,Coca­Colahasbecomeoneofthemostpopular8.________(drink)intheworld.Thecompanyonlyofferssemi­finishedproductstopartnersandwon'tsellthe9.________(origin)ingredients(成分).ItssecretrecipewaskeptintheSunTrustBankinAtlantafor86yearsuntiltheendof2011.Sincethen,it10.________(keep)intheWorldofCoca­ColacentreinAtlanta.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了可口可乐的发明过程。1.invention考查名词。根据上文his为形容词性物主代词，故填名词invention。2.addicted考查固定搭配。短语getaddictedto意为“上瘾；沉迷于”。故填addicted。3.using考查非谓语动词。by为介词后跟动词时要用动名词作宾语，故填using。4.it考查代词。此处指代上文drink，故填代词it。5.but考查连词。根据上下文语境可知此处为转折关系，故填but。6.as考查介词。根据语境可知表示“作为；当作”，故填介词as。7.who考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为AsaCandler，且从句中缺少主语，指人，用who引导。故填who。8.drinks考查名词的单复数。短语oneof后跟名词复数形式，表示“……其中之一”，故填drinks。9.original考查形容词。修饰名词ingredients应用形容词，故填original。10.hasbeenkept考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文“Sincethen”可知应用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系应用被动语态，主语为it，用hasbeendone。故填hasbeenkept。BSituatedinBeijing'sShichahaiscenicarea,CAVElooksnodifferentfromany1.________caféinthecityontheoutside,2.________peoplesteppinginforacupofcoffeewillfinditinterestinginside.Somecustomersareholdingandtouchinghedgehogs(刺猬)3.________(gentle)intheirpalms.Inrecentyears,anincreasingnumberofanimalthemedcafés4.________(gain)hugepopularityamongChina'scitydwellers.Withthis5.________(rise)trend,abunchofeateriesmakingmoneyoutofhousinguniqueanimalssuchashedgehogshassprungup.InBeijingalone,thereareseveralcafésorrestaurantslikeCAVE.ThereisaJapanesepub,6.________hasthreeraccoons(浣熊)andacaféwherecustomerscantake7.________(photo)withabout30huskies(哈士奇)．CAVE,whichisalsothecity'sfirsthedgehogthemedcafé，nowhassevenhedgehogskeptincagesinaroom8.________(separate)fromthediningarea.Ifcustomerswanttoplaywiththehedgehogs,theyneedtoput9.________thickglovesandthewaiterswillbringthemoutandputthemontothecustomers'hands.“Ithinkhedgehogsareaverygoodidea.It'soriginalandinteresting，”saidSerhiiMelnyk,atouristfromPolandwho10.________(stop)bythecafétograbanAmericanoandwasattractedtotheanimal.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。随着动物主题咖啡馆的兴起，不少咖啡馆引入不太常见的动物供顾客参观或者玩耍，以此来吸引消费者。位于北京什刹海的CAVE是该市第一家动物主题咖啡馆，咖啡馆里养着七只刺猬，顾客可以戴着厚厚的手套和它们玩耍。1.other考查代词。此处考查固定表达anyother＋名词单数“其他任何……”，故填other。2.but考查连词。根据句意“CAVE和城市里其他任何咖啡店看起来没什么不一样，但是去喝咖啡的人会发现它里面很有趣”可知前后句为转折关系，故填but。3.gently考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词，故填gently。4.havegained考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知此处是谓语动词，根据“Inrecentyears”判断为现在完成时，主语cafés是复数，故填havegained。5.rising考查形容词。此处应填形容词修饰名词，risingtrend“新兴的风尚”，故填rising。6.which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是pub，指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，应该用关系代词which，故填which。7.photos考查名词的单复数。此处考查短语takephotos“拍照”，故填photos。8.separate/separated考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语room(房间)和separate(隔离)之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词separated；或因为separate可以作为形容词，故此处还可理解为形容词作后置定语，故填separate/separated。9.on考查介词。此处考查短语puton“穿上”，故填on。10.stopped考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知此处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据前文的said判断为一般过去时，stopby“顺便看望，顺便拜访”，故填stopped。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.约翰是昨晚穿着他最好的衣服去参加舞会的。(强调句型)ItwaslastnightthatJohnworehisbestsuittothedance.2.如果他们那时没有帮助我们，我们现在仍然处于困境中。(虚拟语气)Iftheyhadn'thelpedusthen,wewouldstillbeintroublenow.3.我和汤姆都是来自北京的学生。(aswellas)I,aswellasTom,amastudentwhocomesfromBeijing.4.他脸上的表情表明他很生气。(suggestthat...)Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasveryangry．B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解Ifyoubelievethatscientistsandartistsaremostcreativewhenthey'reyoung,youaremissinganimportantpartofthestory.AnewstudypublishedinDeEconomistlookedatNobelPrizewinnersinthefieldofeconomics.Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesearlyinaperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.Theresearchsupportspreviousworkbytheauthorsthatfoundsimilarpatternsintheartsandothersciences.“Webelievewhatwefoundinthisstudyisn'tlimitedtoeconomics,butcouldapplytocreativitymoregenerally，”saidBruceWeinberg,leadauthorofthestudyandprofessorofeconomicsatTheOhioStateUniversity.“Manypeoplebelievethatcreativityisexclusivelyassociatedwithyouth,butitreallydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou'retalkingabout.”Inthestudy,thosewhodidtheirmostgroundbreakingworkearlyintheircareerstendedtobe“conceptual”innovators(创新者)．Thesetypeofinnovators“thinkoutsidethebox”，challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycomingupwithnewideas.Conceptualinnovatorsarenotyetimmersed(沉浸于)intheacceptedtheoriesoftheirfield,Weinbergsaid.Butthereisanotherkindofcreativity,hesaid,whichisfoundamong“experimental”innovators.Theseinnovatorsaccumulateknowledgethroughtheircareersandfindnewwaystounderstandit.ThelongperiodsoftrialanderrorforimportantexperimentalinnovationscomelaterinaNobellaureate's(荣誉获得者的)career.“Whetheryouhityourcreativepeakearlyorlateinyourcareerdependsonwhetheryouhaveaconceptualorexperimentalapproach，”Weinbergsaid.Theresearcherstookanovel,empirical(经验主义的)approachtothestudy,whichinvolved31laureates.Theyarrangedthelaureatesonalistfromthemostexperimentaltomostconceptual.Thisrankingwasbasedonthelaureates'mostimportantwork,classifyingtheminto“conceptual”or“experimental”．Afterclassifyingthelaureates,theresearchersdeterminedtheageatwhicheachlaureatemadehismostimportantcontributiontoeconomicsandcouldbeconsideredathiscreativepeak.Theyfoundthatconceptuallaureatespeakedbetweenages25and29.Experimentallaureatespeakedwhentheywereroughlytwiceasold,intheirmid­50s.“Ourresearchsuggeststhatwhenyou'remostcreativeismoreabouthowyouapproachyourwork，”Weinbergsaid.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thinkoutsidethebox”mean?A.Followrulesstrictly.B.Experimentonboxes.C.Breakoldthoughtpatterns.D.Figureouthowtoescapefromabox.2.Whatdoweknowabout“experimental”innovators?A.Theyusuallycomeupwithnewideasallofasudden.B.Theymakediscoveriesthroughconstanttrialanderror.C.Themajorityofthemreachtheircreativepeakintheirtwenties.D.Theymakemorecontributionsthan“conceptual”innovators.3.Whatdotheresearchersbelievedeterminessomeone'screativepeak?A.One'spersonalitytype.B.Whatkindofjobonetakes.C.Howonehandlestheirwork.D.One'sattitudetowardstheirwork.4.What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Creativitycomesatanyage,youngorold.B.Creativitytendstodecreaseaspeoplegetolder.C.Economists,artistsandotherscientistshavemuchincommon.D.Economistsaremorecreativethanartistsandotherscientists.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过对一些诺贝尔奖获得者事业生涯的研究，发现人的创造力会有两种峰值，这取决于你是哪种类型的创新者，是“概念性的”的创新者还是“实验性的”创新者。1.C词义猜测题。在画线短语所在的句子中，后面的非谓语动词部分“challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycomingupwithnewideas”是对画线短语的补充解释，意思为“挑战传统智慧，突然想出新点子”，也就是勇于突破一些旧的思维模式。故选C。2.B细节理解题。根据第七段内容可知，“实验性”的创新者是从不断的反复实验中获得发现。故选B。3.C细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究人员认为，决定你什么时候达到创造力巅峰的是你如何处理你的工作。此题是语义转换，“howyouapproachyourwork”和选项C中的“Howonehandlestheirwork”是语义转换。故选C。4.A主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesearlyinaperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.”及倒数第二段内容可知，文章主要是说明创造力巅峰可以出现在任何年龄，可能在年轻的时候，也可能是年老的时候。什么时候出现创造力巅峰与你如何处理你的工作有关。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空Thelionsandleopards(豹)ofanationalparkinIndianormallydonotgetalong.They1eachotherforspaceandfood.Butaboutayearago,ayounglionessinthepark2ababyleopard.The2­month­oldbabywithbrownearsandblueeyeswas3，andthelionessspentweeksnursing,4andcaringforhimuntilhedied.Shetreatedhimasifhewereoneofherowntwosons,whowereaboutthesameage.Thiswasa5caseofcross­speciesadoptioninthewild,andtheonlydocumentedexampleinvolvinganimalsthatarenormally6．7，theparkworkersthoughttheassociationwouldbebrief,butthiswenton.Thefamilywere8totourthepark.Thelionesstookcareofthebaby,and9meatthatshehunted.Thenewbrothersplayedwithhimandoccasionallyfollowedhimuptrees.Thisunlikely10wassurelyamazing.Althoughthisadoptionwaspuzzling,ithighlightsthe11betweenthetwospecies.Untiltheyreachyoungadulthood,whensocialdifferences12，lionsandleopardsplayandbegformilkinsimilarways.Forthismotherlioness,shemayhave13thebaby'smoreleopard­likefeatures—hissmell,sizeandspottedappearance.Hejustjumpedin.The14oftheinterspeciesadoptioninthewildwouldbesweetenoughforachildren'sbook,yet15enoughtoattractscientists.1.A.putupwith B.takeadvantageof C.dependon D.fightwith2.A.scared B.adopted C.spotted D.attacked3.A.lazy B.brave C.weak D.dangerous4.A.feeding B.checking C.following D.dressing5.A.simple B.typical C.famous D.rare6.A.friends B.competitors C.partners D.neighbours7.A.Initially B.Luckily C.Certainly D.Unexpectedly8.A.expected B.observed C.persuaded D.pushed9.A.cooked B.packed C.shared D.burned10.A.experience B.affair C.agreement D.connection11.A.communication B.similarities C.behaviour D.differences12.A.emerge B.remain C.recover D.survive13.A.compared B.disliked C.ignored D.protected14.A.incident B.experience C.report D.tale15.A.strange B.caring C.reliable D.moving【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个公园中一只母狮子收养了一只两个月大的小豹子，母狮子花了几个星期的时间来照料它，喂养它，直到它死去。她对待他就像对待自己两个儿子一样。这是一个罕见的野生跨物种领养案例。1.D根据上文“Thelionsandleopards(豹)ofanationalparkinIndianormallydonotgetalong.”可知，狮子和豹子通常不会和睦相处，它们会为空间和食物相互争斗。故选D。2.B根据第二段中的“Shetreatedhimasifhewereoneofherowntwosons,whowereaboutthesameage.”可知，母狮子收养了一只小豹子。故选B。3.C根据上文“The2­month­oldbaby”可知，小豹子才两个月大，很虚弱。故选C。4.A根据下文“andcaringforhim”可知母狮子给小豹子喂食、照顾它直到它死去。故选A。5.D根据下文“caseofcross­speciesadoptioninthewild”可知，野生跨物种领养是一个罕见案例。故选D。6.B根据第一段中的“Thelionsandleopards(豹)ofanationalparkinIndianormallydonotgetalong.”可知，狮子和豹子本来是竞争对手，故选B。7.A根据下文“theparkworkersthoughttheassociationwouldbebrief,butthiswenton”可知，起初公园工作人员认为这种联系会很短暂，但事情继续下去了。故选A。8.B根据下文“totourthepark”可知，母狮子和幼崽这一家子被人们观察到在公园里游览。故选B。9.C根据上文“Thelionesstookcareofthebaby”可知，母狮子给小豹子分享自己猎取到的肉。故选C。10.D本来是竞争对手的两个物种，结果母狮子却收养了一只小豹子还成了一个家庭，这种联系让人觉得不可思议。故选D。11.B根据下文“lionsandleopardsplayandbegformilkinsimilarways”可知，这两个物种之间存在一定的相似性。故选B。12.A根据上文“Untiltheyreachyoungadulthood,whensocialdifferences”可知，直到狮子和豹子进入成年期，它们的社会差异才会显现出来。故选A。13.C根据下文“thebaby'smoreleopard­likefeatures—hissmell,sizeandspottedappearance”可知，母狮子收养小豹子是因为她忽略了小豹子的豹子特征。故选C。14.D根据下文“forachildren'sbook”可知，野生动物间的跨物种领养更像是会出现在儿童读物里的故事。故选D。15.A第二段中的“caseofcross­speciesadoptioninthewild”提到跨物种领养本来就是个罕见的案例，所以对于科学家来说，野生动物间跨物种领养是很奇怪的。故选A。Ⅲ.概要写作(2020·浙江杭州地区重点中学期中考试)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。USpsychotherapist(精神治疗师)VirginiaSatir(1916－1988)oncesaid,“Weneed4hugsadayforsurvival.Weneed8hugsadayformaintenance.Weneed12hugsadayforgrowth.”Shebelievedthathuggingwasnecessaryandimportant.Researchershavefoundscientificevidencethatbacksupherbeliefs.AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,receivingahugcanreducestressandhelpprotectusfromillness.Inthestudy,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversity(CMU)intheUSinvited404healthyadultstoparticipateininterviewsabouthowoftentheyexperiencedconflictsintheirdailylives,aswellashowmanyhugstheyreceivedwithinaperiodoftwoweeks.Theseparticipantswereintentionallyexposedtocoldvirusesduringtheinterview.Accordingtotheresearch,peoplewhoreceivedhugsonthesamedayswhentheyexperiencedconflictstendedtoreportfewernegativefeelingsduringthefollowingdays.Theyhavealsofoundthatpeoplewhoreceivedhugswerelessstressedout.Thephysicalcontactthatwegetthroughhuggingespeciallyfromlovedonesisamarkerofintimacy(亲密)andhelpsgeneratethefeelingthatothersaretheretohelpinthefaceofadversity(困境),accordingtoScientificAmerican.Peoplefeelmorecomfortableandrelaxedafterhugging.Theresearchershavealsofoundthatthemorehugspeopleget,thelesslikelytheyaretocatchcolds,ScienceDailynoted.Whenpeoplereceivehugs,theyreleasemoreoxytocin(催产素),whichisalsoknownasthe“lovehormone”.