英美概况括考前知识点总结

英美概况括考前知识点总结英美概况括考前知识点总结英美概况括考前知识点总结xxx公司英美概况括考前知识点总结文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度英国概况英国名称：TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland)2，地理位置：GreatBritainisthelargestislandoftheBritishIsles,thelargestislandinEuropeandtheeighth-largestislandintheworld.ItliestothenorthwestofContinentalEurope,withIrelandtothewest,andmakesupthelargestpartoftheterritoryofthestateknownastheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Itissurroundedbyover1,000[citationneeded]smallerislandsandislets.

或者回答BritishmainlandwesternEuropefromGreatBritainandIreland,north-eastandmanynearbyislands，SheeastbytheNorthSea,theAtlanticOceantothewest,uptotheNorthAtlanticoffIceland,YugoslaviaandtheEuropeancontinent,separatedonlybyastripofwater,theEnglishChannel3,英国首都：London4,组成部分：England,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland5,民族：EnglandWelsh、Scotch、Irish6,英国国旗：theUnionFlag英国国歌：GodSaveTheQueen天佑女7，三次外族入侵：ⅠRomanConquest；43AD,theromanempireⅡAnglo-SaxonConquest；thelate8thcentury,Scandinavia,createdacertainculturaldividebetweennorthernersandsouthernersinEnglandⅢNormanConquest；1066,Normans,WilliamtooktheEnglishthrone,andbecameWilliamtheFirst4,英国主要河流：RiverThames泰晤士河RiverSevern塞文河8，政府组成部分：Monarch，Parliament，Cabinet君主制时间：5thcenturyAD君主的职能：Presidedovertheopeningofparliament,OrderinCouncilapprovedthesignedofanActofParliamentandmeetthePrimeMinisterandtheQueenstandsfortheBritishintheworld.Suchasreceivingforeignambassadorsandhighcommissioners,receivingvisitingheadsofstate,andandaccessingoverseascountries,theUnitedKingdomandothercountriestosupportdiplomaticandeconomicrerelations.君主现处地位：皇宫：BuckinghamPalace现代君主：ElizabethII9，议会历史：MagnaCarta组成部分：Queen\King,houseoflords,houseofcommons如何成为两院的议员：Tobehouseoflords:appointedbytheQueen\KingTobehouseofcommons:generalelection主要职能：passthelaw10，内阁首脑：Minister成员：themembersofparliament职能：topersuadeparliamenttopasslawsandvotefortaxes\carryoutthefunctionsofpolicy-making11，英国普选对象：votersandcandidates选举人：候选人：成为首相的人选：theleaderofthegoverningparty主要执政党派：theconservationparty\thelabourparty现任英国的执政党：thelabourparty如何成为执政党：Thepartywinsthemajorityseatsinthehouseofcommons12，英国经济工业革命之父：瓦特（JamesWatt）发明：蒸汽机（steamengine）13，英国的教育3个阶段：primaryeducation，secondaryeducation，highereducation2大分支：publiceducation，privateeducation大学教育中的学位：bachelorsdegree，doctordegree，masterdegree14，英国文学：英语发展的三个阶段:①OldEnglish(6th—11th):theanglo-saxonlanguage②MiddleEnglish(11th--15th):thecombinationofEnglishandFrench③ModernEnglish(15th—now)2.英国最早的一部作品及内容：Beowulf3.英国第一个诗人及其代表作：诗人：GeoffreyChaucer(乔叟).代表作：TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事集)4.伊丽莎白时期的作家及其代表作①WilliamShakespeare:悲剧Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth,RomeoandJuliet喜剧TwelfthNight,TheTempest,AMidsummerNight’sDream,TheTamingOfTheShrew②ChristopherMarlowe:TheTragicalHistoryofDRFaustu5.弥尔顿的三部曲：ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegained,SamsonAgonistes15，英国媒体最早的报纸：TheObserver报纸分为那两类：broadsheets(qualitypress)\tabloid(gutterpress)BBC的含义：TheBritishBroadcastingCorporation16，英国的节日圣诞节的含义：tocommemoratesthebirthofJesusChrist感恩节的含义：tocommemoratestheCrucifixionandResurrectionofJesusChrist美国概况：名称：theUnitedStatesofAmerica地理位置(geographicalposition)：ThecountryissituatedmostlyincentralNorthAmerica,andliesbetweenthePacificandAtlanticOcean,borderedbyCanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.4，临国(neighboringcountries):Canada,Mexico.5，主要河流(majorrivers)：TheMississippiRiver,theColoradoRiver,theColumbiaRiver,theYukonRiver,theMissouriRiver6，五大湖(GreatLakes)：LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,LakeOntario.7，首都：Washington8，独立战争（AmericanRevolutionaryWar/AmericanWarofIndependence）：1、双方：ItbeganasawarbetweentheKingdomofGreatBritainandthirteenBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica,andendedinaglobalwarbetweenseveralEuropeangreatpowers.2、领导者：GeorgeWashington.3、起止时间：Sep19,1775---Sep3,17839，独立宣言（UnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependence）：1、起草者(drafter)：ThomasJefferson2、时间：July4,17763，被通过的时间：4thJuly,1776 4，主要内容：Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.10，美国的政治体制三权分立：LegislativeBranchismadeupofelectedrepresentativesfromallofthestates,andisonlybranchthatcanmakefederaltaxes,declarewarorputforeigntreatiesintoeffect.立法机构所属机构为参议院（theSenate）和众议院（theHouseofRepresentative）；theExecutivebranch的所属机构有president,vice-president,cabinetand13departments.TheJudicialbranchisheadedbytheSupremeCourt,whichistheonlycourtspecificallycreatedbytheConstitution.职能：FederalcourtshavejurisdictionovercasesarisingoutoftheConstitution;lawsandtreatiesoftheUnitedStates;maritimecases;issuesinvolvingforeigncitizensorgovernments;andcasesinwhichthefederalgovernmentitselfisaparty.三权分立的核心：checksandbalances联邦条款：ArticlesofConfederation.这是1777年11月国会通过的美国第一部宪法性文件，规定了联合新独立的13个州松散的邦联政府的职能。1787年美国制订联邦宪法，邦联制随之终止。美国宪法（Constitution）制定的会议名称：ConstitutionalConvention.;地点：Philadelphia;thepresidentoftheConventionwasGeorgeWashington;时间：；联邦制的含义：Afederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerissharedbetweenacentralauthorityanditsconstituentparts,withsomerightsreservedtoeach.权利法案的含义及内容：《权利法案》：adoptedin:Thisconsistsof10veryshortparagraphswhichguaranteedfreedomandindividualrightsandforbidinterferencewithlivesofindividualsbythegovernment.EachparagraphisanAmendmenttotheoriginalConstitution.美国的两大政党名，起源，象征物：美国的两大政党：DemocraticPartyandRepublicanParty;theDemocraticParty,whichevolvedoutofThomasJefferson’sparty,formedbefore1800.Thesymbolofthepartyisdonkey.TheRepublicanParty,whichwasformedinthe1850s.thesymboloftheRepublicanPartyistheelephant.现任总统，现任执政党：Obama\DemocraticParty美国第一任总统：GeorgeWashington,electedin1789-1797,8years制宪会议：时间，May1787地点，philadelphia目的，toformulateUnitedStatesConstitution11，美国经济：20世纪30年代美国经济遇到什么问题，哪一总统采取什么措施解决了这一问题Thecrazyspeculationcausefinancialcrisistriggeredthegreatdepression.PresidentRoosevelt’sNewDealknownas“onehundreddaysNewDeal”.(onMarch9th,1933toJune16th)12，美国社会现存的三大宗教：Protestantism(清教)Catholicism(天主教)Judaism（犹太教）13，文学WashingtonIrving:RipVanWinkleThoreau:WaldenHawthrone:Scarlet