考研考博-英语-华中师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华中师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

TodayisamajormilestoneforMicrosoft.ThekeypartnershipswebuildwithsoftwaredevelopersaroundtheworldarecentralnotonlytothesuccessofWindowsbutalsotorealizethepossibilitythatPCtechnologyprovides.It’sthroughapplicationsofeveryvarietythatbusinesseswillbeusingthepersonalcomputerasthetooloftheInformationAge.

MicrosofthasavisionforwherethePCisgoing.AndthatvisionsaysthatPCswillbecomeacentralelementofhowcompaniesshareinformationinsidethecompany.Thenameofthatvisionistheso-calledDigitalNervousSystem(DNS),allowingcompaniestoreducepaperworkandmakebetterdecisions.TheDigitalNervousSystemmeansthatnotonlydoyouhavethePCsandtheyareconnectedtogether,andnotonlydoyouhavestandardelementslikeelectronicmailbutalsoyoureallythoughtcarefullyaboutwhatinformationisimportant,andsoalloftheprocesses—ordertaking,salesplanning,personnelmanagement,projectmanagement—allofthosehavebeensetuptotakefulladvantageofthecapabilitiesofthecomputer.

AnothermajorvisionthatMicrosofthasisthatwritingprograms,writingtheapplicationsforthesemachinesneedstogetveryeasy,sowecanwriteprogramsthatcanrunacrosstheentireInternetwhichismillionsofmachines.Andthisisanewapproachtoprogrammingthatdrawsonwhatwasdonepreviously.DNSsaysthatdevelopersshouldbeabletofocusontheirparticulartaskandnothavetolearnalotaboutmanagementofthemachineresources.

Greatchipsandsystemsdevelopedbyourpartnerswhoareherewithussponsoringthisevent,makethisallpossible.Andthere’sanincredibleopportunityfordevelopers.Theapplicationsthatarewrittentodaywillselltoanevenlargerbaseofmachinesoutinthemarket.Thereisalotthatwe’redoingtoincreasetheworkwithgooddevelopers—makesuretheyunderstandwherethePCisgoingandhowtoolscanhelpthemnow,moreandmoremarketingtypeofactivitiesmakingsuretheygetoutinwiththecustomers.

Andthisissomethingthatwearejustgoingtoincreaseyearafteryear.AndsotheoverallDNS(DigitalNervousSystem)messageisoneabouthelpingdevelopersseizethatopportunity,bringingtogetherthedifferentarchitectures,makingthingsautomaticandallowingthistobedoneinagreatevolutionaryfashion.AndsoIthinkit’safantastictimetobeadeveloperandweappreciateyourbeinghereandlookforwardtotheopportunitytoworkwithyoumore.

【答案】我们与全球软件开发人员建立的重要伙伴关系不仅是促成视窗系统成功的关键,而且使个人电脑技术提供的可能性成为现实。应用技术贯穿各个领域,一些公司会把个人电脑用作信息时代的工具。

微软公司的另一个重要设想是:为电脑编写应用程序的过程必须简单化。因此,我们应该让这些程序在由无数台电脑组成的互联网中运行,这是利用以往的成就编程的一种新方法。

这就是我们年复一年要增加的东西。整个数字神经系统信息的目的就是要帮助开发人员抓住机遇,通过结合不同的体系结构,实现任务自动化并允许以一种渐进的方式完成这一工作。

2.单选题

Thereisanincorrectassumptionamongscientistsandmedicalpeoplethateveryoneagrees（）whatconstitutesabenefittoanindividual.

问题1选项

A.on

B.with

C.to

D.in

【答案】A

【解析】介词搭配题。agreeonsth.

在某一点上取得一致意见,

同意某事；agreewithsb.同意...，和...意见一致；agreetodosth.同意,

接受，允诺；agreein+动名词，在...方面意见一致。句意：科学家和医学界有一种错误的假设，即人们对福利问题都持一致的观点。选项A正确。

3.单选题

Shewaved,buthedidn’tseeher,beingtoo______instuffingtheflowersintoalargecarrierbag.

问题1选项

A.drifted

B.concentrated

C.engrossed

D.undaunted

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.drifted漂流；缓慢行走v.B.concentrated决心要做的；集中的

C.engrossed全神贯注的D.undaunted顽强的；百折不挠的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“她挥了挥手，但他______把花塞进一个大手提袋里，没看见她”可知，他正在全神贯注地做另外一件事情，engrossin是固定搭配，表示“全神贯注于”，故该题选择C项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】

A、D项不符合句意；

B项concentrated要和on搭配使用，故排除。

【句意】她挥了挥手，但他正忙着把花塞进一个大手提袋里，没看见她。

4.单选题

I’mtooignorantaboutsuchmatters;Iamnotqualifiedtocomment,butitseemstomesomebodywhohasstudiedataprestigiousuniversityabroadcouldn’tbeasbadasyousay.

问题1选项

A.profound

B.civilized

C.well-known

D.conventional

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项profound“深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的”；B选项civilized“文明的；有礼貌的”；C选项well-known“著名的；众所周知的”；D选项conventional“传统的；惯例的”。句意：我对这类事情太无知了，所以我没有资格评论，但在我看来，一个在国外……大学学习过的人不可能像你说的那么差。由后面的名词university“大学”，可排除A，B选项，因为它们常用来形容人，而非事物。由后面的信息couldn’tbeasbadasyousay“不能如你说的那样糟糕”，由此可知在他眼里那个人至少应该是优秀的，大多情况下优秀的人会考上声望很高的大学。因此C选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Wearetoldthemassmediaarethegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworldhasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthecurrentaffairsprogrammeasPanoroma.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomanypeoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtoomuchintimationaboutsocieties,formsoflife,andattitudesotherthanthosewhichtheyobtainintheirlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities,widthofjudgment,andasenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuchexposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnomorethanthemassesofstonewhichliearoundinquarry(采石场)andwhichmay,conceivably,gotothemakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdonotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesarepresentedwithinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookatthem,toobservefleetinglyindividuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthemissufficientinitself.

Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto—orfeelweshouldtryto—makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneithertherealdifficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtrueanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedisinclinationtosuggestrealchoice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplytheproductofacommercialdesiretokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainofmasscommunications.Theorgansoftheestablishment,howeverwell-intentionedtheymaybeandwhatevertheirform(theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,politicalparties),haveavestedinterestinensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolentlyrocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathattheywillbeledinsensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandinquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchinquiriesmightreallyhurt.Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedclicheassumptionsofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestionclichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.Theywillstressthe“stimulation”theprogramsgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitationofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationitself;theywilltherefore,again,assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo(现状).Therewereexceptionstothistendency,buttheyareuncharacteristic.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themassmediapresentuswith（

）.

2.Whateffectisitclaimedthemassmediacanhaveonourintellectualandimaginativedevelopment?

3.Theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedralthat（

）.

4.Howarethemassmediasaidtoinfluenceourabilitytomakedecisions?

5.Themainweaknessofthemassmediaisidentifiedbytheauthoras（

）.

问题1选项

A.insufficientdiversityofinformation

B.toorestrictedaviewoflife

C.awiderangeoffactsandopinions

D.acriticalassessmentofoursociety

问题2选项

A.Theyarelikelytofrustratethisdevelopment.

B.Theycanformabasisforit.

C.Theycandistortourjudgment.

D.Theycanstimulatetoomuchmentalactivity.

问题3选项

A.worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialonly

B.themediaevalmediahaddifferentbeliefs

C.greatworksofartrequiregoodfoundations

D.closeattentiontodetailisimportant

问题4选项

A.Theydisturbusbytheirprejudices.

B.Theymakeusdoubtourownjudgments.

C.Theymakenocontributioninthisarea.

D.Theymakedecisionswhichappeartoocomplicated.

问题5选项

A.fearoflosingthecustomer

B.thediverseviewsofthecontributors

C.servicetotheprofitmotive

D.tryingtocaterforavestrangeofaudience

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。第一段指出:人类历史上从来没有过如此多的人频繁地批露，诸如：社会、生活方式以及思想观念的阴暗面，而这些与人们从所处社会接收的那些信息是不同的。因此排除A、B项。第二段指出:Thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandenquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchenquiresmightreallyhurt(尽管他们辩论、质疑，但仍然触及不到关键之处),由此推断D项(对社会的一个批判性评估)是大众传媒所不具备的。故选C项(广泛的事实和意见)。

2.细节题。根据题干关键词intellectualandimaginativedevelopment定位至第一段:Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities,widthofjudgment,andasenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes。据此可知B项正确。

3.推断题。根据题干定位至第一段:Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdonotalwayspromptotherstobuild,作者用建大教堂这个比喻说明有价值的结果不仅仅依靠原材料。故选A。

4.细节题。根据题干关键词定位至第二段。第二句说:大众媒介经常不能把做这些决定的困难进行报道，它不起作用，更不会使决定变得更为复杂。故选C。

5.细节题。作者认为大众传播媒介的主要弱点是为了获得利益,故C项(因为获利动机)正确。

6.单选题

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（

）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

问题1选项

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】D

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。Configuration“布置，结构”；constitution“建立，组成，宪法”;condemnation“谴责”;contamination“污染，玷污;污染物”。句意：最近在《科学》杂志上发表的一篇文章认为，岩层大部分有有机化学物质来自于地球上的污染而不是火星上的细菌。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

ThenewdesignsoftheChristmasstampsarealwayswaitedforwithkeen

.

问题1选项

A.irritation

B.prediction

C.reception

D.anticipation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。irritation“刺激，激怒”；prediction“预报，预言”；reception“接待，接收”；anticipation“预料，预期”。句意：人们总是热切地期待着新设计的圣诞邮票。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Shewasanexperiencedtravelerwhohad______bothAfricaandEuropeinhertwenties.

问题1选项

A.traversed

B.transferred

C.trampled

D.trespassed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项traverse“穿过；来回移动；反驳；阻挠；详细研究；旋转”；B选项transfer“转让；转接；移交；转移（地方）；（使）换乘；转存，转录；调动（工作）；传染，传播；使（运动员）转队；把（钱）转到另一账户，机构上”；C选项trample“践踏；蔑视，伤害；脚步沉重地走”；D选项trespass“非法侵入（他人的土地或财产）；做错事；违反道德（或社会法规）”。句意：她是一位经验丰富的旅行者，二十多岁时曾穿越非洲和欧洲。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Competition,manypeoplebelieve,

thenationalcharacterratherthancorruptit.

问题1选项

A.enforces

B.confirms

C.intensifies

D.strengthens

【答案】D

【解析】than决定了这里的corrupt(腐坏，破坏)与空格处的词相对，所以空白处应填入D，表示“加强”的意思。句意：很多人相信竞争会加强民族性格而不是破坏它。

10.单选题

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear,fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnorsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestrictureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.

1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause（

）.

2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto（

）

3.Theauthoruses“thedisplaced”(Line5,Para.2)torefertothosewhoare（

）.

4.Theword“eligible”(Line4,Para.3)issynonymouswith“（

）

5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree（

）.

问题1选项

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars

B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear

D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

问题2选项

A.inadequatefeeding

B.malnutrition

C.unemployment

D.automation

问题3选项

A.unemployed

B.disabled

C.sick

D.poor

问题4选项

A.necessary

B.urgent

C.needed

D.worthy

问题5选项

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuretosettletheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear,fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach解释了为什么美国被称为“车轮上的国家”，80%的家庭拥有至少一辆车，超过25%的家庭拥有两辆车。选项B符合题意。

2.文章第二段第三句Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor提到造成营养不调的主要原因是失业。选项C符合题意。

3.文章第二段提出长期失业是造成一些人营养不良的原因，比如在南方农村当一个棉花种植园突然将自己的雇佣工人从100人降到3人，那么就意味着有97人失业（“Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises”）由此可以推断thedisplaced在这里有“失业人员”的意思。选项A符合题意。

4.文章第三段提及了美国的平均贫困线，然后提到只有年收入在贫困线以下才有资格领取政府的福利补助：accordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram,由此推测eligible的意思是“有资格的”。选项D符合题意。

5.文章最后一段提到美国的福利政策在一定程度上解决了贫困线以下那些人的衣食住的问题，这相比多数其他国家的人要过得好。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

She（）toeveryonethatalthoughherfatherwasinjailshewasanupstandingcitizen.

问题1选项

A.venerated

B.veered

C.denounced

D.avowed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项venerate“崇敬，尊敬”；B选项veer“使转向；使顺风”；C选项denounce“谴责；告发”；D选项avow“承认；公开宣称；坦率承认”。句意：她向所有人公开宣称，尽管她的父亲坐牢，但是她却是一位正直的市民。根据句意，选项D正确。

12.单选题

Ifyou（）caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.

问题1选项

A.should

B.would

C.will

D.can

【答案】B

【解析】考查if引导的真实条件句，主句应该用现在时。情态动词结构“wouldyoucareto...”表示“（礼貌问语）您喜欢，您愿意”，是一种委婉征求意见的方式。因此，排除其他选项，本题正确答案为B项。

13.单选题

Ananalysisoftheideasinthenovelcompelsananalysisoftheformofthework,particularlywhenformandcontentareas（）astheyareinTheHouseoftheSevenGables.

问题1选项

A.symptomatic

B.delineated

C.integrated

D.conspicuous

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：对小说理念的分析使人不得不分析作品的形式，特别是当形式和内容像它们在《凶宅七角楼》里一样（）的时候。

symptomatic有症状的，症候的；delineated描绘；integrated综合的，相互协调的；conspicuous显著的，明显的。选项C“相互协调的”符合题意。

14.单选题

Webeganwithanexperiment.Themanaskedmetomakeadrawingonablankpieceofpaper.ImadeasketchofacreatureIhadinventedsometimeagotoamusemychildren.WhenIhadfinished,heaskedmetocoverthedrawingwithmyhand.ThenheaskedmetoconcentratehardandtotrytotransmitthethoughtofwhatIhadsketchedAminutewentbywithnoresult.Heshookhishead,"itseemsverycomplicated:isitakindofamoeba?"Slowlyandhesitantlyhebegantodrawthecreature’srightear-thespotwhereI’vealwaysbeginthedrawing.“you’vegotit.”Isaid."Goon!"Hecompletedthedrawingquickly.IhadcarefullyredrawnthepictureinmymindasItriedtotransmitit—whichprobablyaccountsfortheidenticalstartingpoint.

Themanthendemonstratedotherpower.Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal.Hehadalittletroubletryingtobreakmycarkey.However,heplaceditagainstametalradiator,andafterafewseconds,said,46Itisstartingtogo.Thekeysnappedintwo.

Thenhetriedtotransmitapicturetomebytelepathy.Iattemptedtomakemymindreceptive,butnoimagecameintoit.Feelingratherembarrassed,Ijustdrewthefirstthingthatcameintomyhead:checkmark.Themanshowedmethepieceofpaperhewasholding.ItcontainedamirrorimageofthesymbolIhaddrawn.Itcouldbesignificantinthisconnectionthatthemanisleft-handed.

AfterIlefttheroom,Ibegantosiftmyimpressions.Onlythedaybefore,anacquaintancehadwarnedmetowatchcarefullyforsleight-of-handtricks,especiallyasthemanhadearlierbeenastageconjuror.Ihadtoadmitthatmostofthethingshaddonecouldhavebeentricks.Forinstance,snappingthekeyswithhisfingersandalteringthehandsanddateonmywatchwiththewinderwouldhavebeenwellwithintheabilityofaskilledconjuror.ButhowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?Andifthatfeatwasduetogenuinetelepathicpower,theotherdemonstrationscouldalsobegenuine.

1.Inline11,“derives”mostnearlymeans（

）.

2.Itbeinferredfromline19-25thatthetelepathist’sdemonstrationswouldappearmostconvincingtoacriticalobserverifthetelepathistwereto

（

）.

3.The“acquaintance”mentionedinline19canbestbedescribedasa

（

）.

4.Whichphrasebestcharacterizestheauthor’sgeneralattitudeinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Obtains

B.infers

C.connects

D.traces

问题2选项

A.providemoreinformationabouthisbackground

B.critiquetheperformancesofothertelepathist

C.performinarigorouslycontrolledenvironment

D.talkaboutwhatheisdoingasheperforms

问题3选项

A.skeptic

B.hypocrite

C.hoaxer

D.confidant

问题4选项

A.Completeindifferent

B.righteousindignation

C.Cynicalamusement

D.guardedacceptance

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.题干中的单词出现在第二段第二句Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal（通过抚摸放在脸上的硬币，他把我的手表指针调慢了两个小时，日期也调回到了两天前，他解释说这是为了从金属那里……力量）。可以推测“他解释这种力量是从金属那里得到的”，derive在这里是“获得，得到”的意思。选项A符合题意。

2.文章最后一段提到作者对于心灵感应者其他一些手段他能够识破，比如snappingthekeyswithhisfingersandalteringthehandsanddateonmywatchwiththewinderwouldhavebeenwellwithintheabilityofaskilledconjuror，但是作者对如何伪造画这一过程不明白，因为这是他重构的画（buthowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?），这件事也是作者正在做的一件事。因此可以推测，如果当表演的时候，谈论的是正在做的事情，那么心灵感应者的表演会更有说服力。选项D符合题意。

3.题干中的单词出现在文章最后一段第二句话Onlythedaybefore,anacquaintancehadwarnedmetowatchcarefullyforsleight-of-handtricks,especiallyasthemanhadearlierbeenastageconjuror（就在前两天，我的一个……还警告我要小心戏法，特别是当那个人以前是个舞台魔术师的时候。）警告者要作者当心舞台上的一些小把戏，证明他对魔术师的花招比较了解。选项A符合题意，这个警告者是一个怀疑者。

4.作者在最后一段提到他承认很多舞台上的表演其实是戏法，但是作者对如何伪造画这一过程不明白，因为这是他重构的画（buthowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?）。证明作者对有些部分还是有疑问的。所以选项D“有保留的接受”符合题意。

15.单选题

Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thus,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen’s1861treatiseonAmazonswomen-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.

Startingfromthepremisethatmythologyandlegendpreserveatleastanucleusofhistoricalfact,Bachofenarguedthatwomenweredominantinmanyancientsocieties.HisworkwasbasedonacomprehensivesurveyofreferencesintheancientsourcestoAmazonianandothersocietieswithmatrilinealcustoms——societiesinwhichdescentandpropertyrightsaretracedthroughthefemaleline.SomesupportforhistheorycanbefoundinevidencesuchasthatdrawnfromHerodotus,theGreek“historian”ofthefifthcenturyB.C.，whospeaksofanAmazoniansociety,theSauromatae,wherethewomenhuntedandfoughtinwars.Awomaninthissocietywasnotallowedtomarryuntilshehadkilledapersoninbattle.

Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofarespectablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinaryGreekpractices.

Thus,Iwouldargue,thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAmazonswereusedasargumentsforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,inwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsociety.Bachofenwasthusmisledinhisrelianceonmythsforinformationaboutthestatusofwomen.Thesourcesthatwillprobablytellcontemporaryhistoriansmostaboutwomenintheancientworldaresuchsocialdocumentsasgravestones,wills,andmarriagecontracts.Studiesofsuchdocumentshavealreadybeguntoshowhowmistakenwearewhenwetrytoderiveourpictureoftheancientworldexclusivelyfromliterarysources,especiallymyths.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingarestatedbytheauthorasproblemsconnectedwiththesourcesforknowledgeofpremodernculturesEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingispresentedinthepassageasevidencesupportingtheauthor’sviewoftheancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprobablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreecetotheideaofasocietyruledbywomencouldbestbecharacterizedas（）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatthemainreasonforthepersistinginfluenceofBachofen’sworkisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.comparecompetingnewapproachestounderstandingtheroleofwomeninancientsocieties

B.investigatetheramifications（影响，后果）ofBachofen’stheoryaboutthedominanceofwomeninancientsocieties

C.explaintherapidlyincreasedinterestamonghistoriansindeterminingtheactualstatusofwomeninvarioussocieties

D.criticizethevalueofancientmythsindeterminingthestatusofwomeninancientsocieties

问题2选项

A.partialcompleteness

B.restrictedaccessibility

C.difficultyofinterpretation

D.limitedquantity

问题3选项

A.TherequirementthatSauromataewomenkillinbattlebeforemarrying.

B.Thefailureofhistorianstoverifythatwomenwereevergovernorsofancientsocieties.

C.TheclassingofAmazonswithgiantsandcentaurs.

D.Thewell-establishedunreliabilityofHerodotusasasourceofinformationaboutancientsocieties.

问题4选项

A.confusedanddismayed

B.waryandhostile

C.cynicalanddisinterested

D.curiousbutfearful

问题5选项

A.feministshaveshownlittleinterestinancientsocieties

B.Bachofen’sknowledgeofAmazoniancultureisunparalleled

C.reliableinformationabouttheancientworldisdifficulttoacquire

D.ancientsocietiesshowthebestevidenceofwomeninpositionsofpower

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段主要提到了由于前现代文化的许多可靠的资料难以获得，所以巴霍芬关于亚马逊女性统治社会的论文具有长期的参考性和影响力。第二段接着介绍了巴霍芬论文的核心，主要是介绍了亚马逊女性统治社会的特点。第三段中作者展开讨论，认为有关于古代社会的这些最初记录的资料或论文存在一些不合理性。最后一段提及了古希腊的男性记录亚马逊的女性统治社会的原因是具有教诲性的，并且提出单靠一些古代的文学资源或者资料，尤其是古代的神话，来获得我们对古代社会的印象会具有一定的误导性。可判断出作者写这篇文章的主要目的是批判了古代神话在研究并确定古代社会妇女地位问题中的价值。

2.事实细节题。由题干关键词“premoderncultures”定位到文章第一段“Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.”，可知尽管现代时期已经取得了很多成就，但前现代文化被证明面临着更多困难：来源在数量上受到限制；不完整性；难以理解并且经常存在争议。可判断出作者陈述的关于前现代文化的知识来源的问题，包括资源来源的不完整性（partialcompleteness）、难以解读性（difficultyofinterpretation）以及数量受限（limitedquantity），所以不包括restrictedaccessibility，故选项B符合题意。

3.判断推理题。由题干关键词“theancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons”定位到文章第三段“...ancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.”可知作者认为古希腊对这种社会的描述，并不是要过多地去表现观察到的历史事实——真正的亚马逊社会——而是要就妇女在其社会中的统治地位的预期后果提供一种道德教训。例如，亚马逊人经常被描述为等同于巨人族和人马族，他们都是被希腊英雄杀死的敌人。而根据文章第三段第一句“Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.”可判断作者对于古希腊人对亚马逊人的描述持有不赞同的态度，认为其存在问题。所以下文利用亚马逊人都是人马族和半马族的这种描述，表达其不合理性，与作者观点相符，故