考研考博-英语-东华大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东华大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessestheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1960s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patients’rightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionhashadsomedefinitepositiveeffect,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

21.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpeoplewhoarepatientsinstateinstitutionscanbestbedescribedas______.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,iftheCivilRightsmovementhadn’tpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,______.

24.Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas______.

25.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof______.

问题1选项

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformentalillness

问题2选项

A.inflexibleandinsensitive

B.detachedandneutral

C.understandingandsympathetic

D.enthusiasticandsupportive

问题3选项

A.stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsforthementallyill

B.newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesswouldhavelikelyremaineduntested

C.theCivilRightsmovementinAmericawouldhavebeenpoliticallyineffective

D.conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthaveescapedjudicialscrutiny

问题4选项

A.overlyemotional

B.cleverlydeceptive

C.cautiouslyoptimistic

D.fiercelyindependent

问题5选项

A.asgroupsofyoungangrymeninthe1900s

B.activeyounglawyersinthe1960s

C.innocentinsanepatients’protest

D.powerfulcourtinterventions

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章的主要目的是……”。文章第一段先是用DorotheaDix的事例引出美国心理健康运动启蒙时期的发展，然后第二段谈到了二战以后精神疾病新的治疗方法的进步，随后阐述了20世纪60年代以后美国精神卫生保健发展的缓慢，以及精神病人失去了权利，最后讨论到在司法的干预下，精神卫生保健得到了一些积极的效果，但是还需要一些确保病人有良好护理的标准和审查机制。综上所述，我们可知，整篇文章都是以历史的角度来阐述美国的精神卫生健康，所以A项“提供精神卫生保健问题的历史视角”符合题意。B项“提高公众对精神病人困境的认识”、C项“用精神病院的生动描述使读者震惊”和D项“描述精神疾病新疗法的发明”都只是文章的一部分，属于以偏概全。因此，该题选择A项正确。

22.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者对州医疗机构患者的态度可以用……来描述”。定位第一段最后一句Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.（精神病院变成了令人恐惧和压抑的地方，病人的权利几乎被遗忘），第二段第七句Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.（与此形成对比的是，精神病罪犯医院里挤满了被认为是“疯子”的人，他们经常被严格地限制身体，并使用大剂量的镇定剂，乖乖地待在自己的地方），以及第二段倒数第二句Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions（在许多州，他们被关押在可怕的机构中），由frighteninganddepressing，obediently和horrendous这些词可以看出，作者对州医疗机构的患者是同情的态度，所以C项“理解和同情”正确。A项“僵硬和麻木”、B项“超然和中立”和D项“热情和支持”都是曲解原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。

23.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以推断，如果民权运动没有引发对监狱条件的调查，……”。定位到第二段第五句Atthattime,theCivilRightsMovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.（当时，民权运动带领律师调查了美国的监狱，那里的黑人比例相当高，他们跟着囚犯进入了唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构：精神病罪犯医院），这里讲到了民权运动带领律师对美国监狱进行调查，他们进入了比监狱还糟糕的精神病罪犯医院，接着就讲到律师所看到的精神病罪犯的状况，然后最后一句提到Andinmanystatestheywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjusticewhich,onceexposedWesboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.（在许多州，他们被关押在可怕的机构中，这种不公正一旦暴露出来，势必会震惊公众，尤其是司法良知），综合可推断，民权运动没有引发对监狱的调查是由于精神病罪犯医院的状况使其逃过了司法审查，D项“精神病院的状况可能逃脱了司法审查”符合题意。定位到第一段第三句Bythemid-1800s,2stateshadestablishedasylums（到19世纪中期，已经有两个州建立了收容所）可知，A项“各州永远不会为精神病患者建立收容所”表述与原文不符，属于曲解原文。B项“主要精神疾病的新治疗方法可能还没有经过测试”和C项“美国的民权运动在政治上是无效的”没有提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择D项正确。

24.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主观态度题。题干意思是“最后一段的基调可以用……来描述”。定位到最后一段首句Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.（司法干预确实产生了一些积极的效果，但人们越来越意识到，法院无法提供确保良好病人护理的标准和审查机制），由positive可知，这一段的态度是比较乐观的，后面用了but转折，可推知，最后一段基调是比较谨慎乐观的，所以C项“谨慎乐观”正确。A项“过于情绪化”、B项“巧妙地欺骗”和D项“完全独立”都不符合，属于曲解原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，由于……，精神病院的情况发生了根本性的变化”。定位第二段中的Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.（当时，民权运动促使律师们调查了美国监狱，那里的黑人人口不成比例，他们跟着囚犯进入了唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构——精神病犯罪医院），以及Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.（年轻的公益律师干部喜欢他们在精神病院的角色。律师们发现这个群体既被动又容易争取。毕竟，这些人不像罪犯，他们什么都没做错。），可知，60年代早期，公民权利运动促使律师调查美国的监狱，后来又促使他们调查精神病院；在这些运动中，关注公众利益的年轻律师们对精神病院很感兴趣，他们发现了一些令人震惊的现象。由此可知，精神病院状况的改变是由于积极的年轻律师所起的作用，B项“20世纪60年代活跃的年轻律师”正确。A项“20世纪的一群愤怒的年轻人”是监狱的犯人，和精神病院无关，属于出处错位。C项“无辜的精神病患者的抗议”属于反向干扰，文中只提到监狱的年轻人要求自己的权利，而精神病患者则是被注射镇定剂，乖乖待在那里。D项“强有力的法庭干预”属于曲解原文，最后一段第一段提到的是judicialintervention（司法干预），并不是courtintervention（法庭干预）。因此，该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题

Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitythatwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassicalandmedievalworlds,whileduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm“reading”undoubtedlymeantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewary,however,ofassumingthatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisadistractiontoothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothehistoricaldevelopmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedincharacter.

Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreaseinliteracy,andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreased,thenumberofpotentiallistenersdeclined,andthustherewassomereductionintheneedtoreadaloud.Readingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommon,socametheflourishingofreadingasaprivateactivityinsuchpublicplaceslikelibraries,railwaycarriagesandoffices,wherereadingaloudwouldcausedistractiontootherreaders.

Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstillconsiderableargumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreatedrespectfully,andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomewaymentallyweakening.Indeedthisargumentremainswithusstillineducation.However,whateveritsvirtueswere,theoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwasreplacedbytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsforaspecializedreadershipontheother.

Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate,ifnotimpossible,fortheoralreader.Thesocial,cultural,andtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatlyalteredwhattheterm“reading”implied.

1.Whywasreadingaloudcommonbeforethenineteenthcentury?

2.Thedevelopmentofsilentreadingduringthenineteenthcenturyindicated（）

3.Educationalistsarestillarguingabout（）

4.Theemergenceofthemassmediaandofspecializedperiodicalsshowedthat（）

5.Whatisthewriter'spurposeinwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Silentreadinghadnotbeendiscovered.

B.Therewerefewplacesavailableforprivatereading.

C.Fewpeoplecouldreadforthemselves.

D.Peoplereliedonreadingforentertainment.

问题2选项

A.achangeinthestatusofliteratepeople

B.achangeinthenatureofreading

C.anincreaseinthenumberofbooks

D.anincreaseintheaverageageofreaders

问题3选项

A.theimportanceofsilentreading

B.theamountofinformationyieldedbybooksandnewspapers

C.theeffectsofreadingonhealth

D.thevalueofdifferenttypesofreadingmaterial

问题4选项

A.standardsofliteracyhaddeclined

B.printingtechniqueshadimproved

C.readers'interestshaddiversified

D.educationalists'attitudeshadchanged

问题5选项

A.Toexplainhowpresent-dayreadinghabitsdeveloped.

B.Tochangepeople'sattitudestowardreading.

C.Toshowhowreadingmethodshaveimproved.

D.Toencouragethegrowthofreading

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的一二句“Thelastcentury...toreadaloud.”随着人们读写能力的提升,读者人数的増加以及听众的数量减少,所以对大声朗读的需求有所减少。由此推断19世纪以前是因为很少有人能够自己阅读,所以大声朗读很普遍。选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Examinationoffactors...becausethetasksthemselveschangedincharacter.”可知,19世纪无声阅读的发展说明阅读的本质发生了改变,选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段的第一句“therewasstillconsiderable...mentallyweakening.”关于书籍是否应被用于提供信息或受到尊重,以及诸如报纸之类的阅读材料是否在某种程度上削弱了人们的精神,仍有相当多的争论。由此推断,选项D符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后一句“theoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwasreplacedbytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsforaspecializedreadershipontheother.”旧的共享知识文化已经消失,一方面取而代之的是印刷的大众传媒,另一方面是专门的书籍和期刊阅读。由此推断,读者的兴趣越来越多样化,所以选C。

5.作者意图题。全文主要讲述reading（阅读）的变化及发展,这一发展变化说明读书习惯的形成过程及原因,所以选项A正确。

3.单选题

Goingthroughatrickydivorcewouldbeenoughtoputanyoneoffmarriageforlife.Butanewstudyshowsthatmenaremuchmorelikelyto______astressfulandcomplicatedbreak-upthanwomen.

问题1选项

A.geton

B.getoff

C.getover

D.getin

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。geton“上车；进展”；getoff”脱下；下车“；getover”克服“；getin”进入；陷入“。句意：经历一场棘手的离婚足以让任何人放弃婚姻。但一项新的研究表明，男性比女性更有可能……一段紧张而复杂的分手。句中but，因而存在转折关系，说明男性比女性更容易从分手中振作起来。因此选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.Itcanexistbetweentwoanimals,betweentwoplants,orbetweenaplantandananimal.Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes,whileinmutualismbothpartnersliveonagive-and-takebasis.

IntheAfricanwilds,thezebraandtheostrichenjoyasymbioticrelationshipthatenhancestheabilityoftheselargelandanimalstosurvive.Bothserveaspreyforthelion,andneitherhasthecapabilityalonetowithstandanattackfromthisfiercehunter.However,whenthezebraandtheostrichcollaborateintheirdefensebyalertingeachothertopossibledangerfromanapproachingpredator,thelionisrarelyabletocapturemorethantheoldestorfeeblestoftheherd.Thecomplementaryphysicalstrengthsandweaknessesoftheostrichandthezebraallowthemtoworkincoordinationtoavoidsuccumbingtothelion.Theostrich,thelargestflightlessbirdintheworld,possessesgreatspeedandkeeneyesight,whichenableittospotlargepredatoryanimalslongbeforetheyareabletopositionthemselvestoattack.Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.Whenostrichesandzebraintermixforgrazing,eachanimalbenefitsfromtheabilityoftheothertodetectapproachingdanger.Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.

1.Choosethedrawingthatdescribesacommensaliststate.

2.Thedifferencebetweenmutualismandcommensalismisthat（）.

3.Inparagraph2,theWord"that"refersto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdrawingdescribeswhathappenswhenalionapproachesazebraandanostrich?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat（）.

问题1选项

A.

B.

C.

问题2选项

A.commensalismisatwo-sidedstate.

B.thepartnersliveonagive-and-takebasisinmutualism.

C.thehostgiveswhiletheguesttakesinmutualism.

D.mutualismoccursbetweentwosimilarorganisms;however,commensalism,twounlikeorganisms.

问题3选项

A.runningspeed

B.strength

C.weakness

D.eyesight

问题4选项

A.

B.

C.

D.

问题5选项

A.thezebraoftenoffersmorehelpthantheostrichtodetecttheattackofthelion.

B.thezebraandtheostricharecomplementaryintheirabilitiesofavoidingbeingattackedby

C.boththezebraandtheostrichpossessgreatspeedandkeeneyesight.

D.withgreatspeed,thezebraandtheostrichrunfasterthananypredator.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes…”可知，互利共生与偏利共生的共生状态并不相同，因为偏利共生是一种单向状态，即宿主给予，寄生物索取。由此可知B项“宿主→寄生物”表述正确，故本题正确答案为B项。

2.细节事实题。题干询问哪一项符合互利共生和偏利共生的区别。根据原文第一段“Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.”可知，互利共生是一种共生关系，当两个不同的有机体生活在一种互惠的状态时就会发生。根据后文叙述的“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes...”可知，互利共生与偏利共生的共生状态是不同的，偏利共生是一种单向的状态，即宿主给予而寄生物索取。由此可知A项“偏利共生是一种双向状态”表述错误；B项“靠彼此相互给予和索取合伙共生”表述正确；C项“在互利共生中，宿主给予而寄生物索取”表述错误；D项“互利共生发生在两种类似的生物之间，而偏利共生却发生于两种不同的生物之间”与原文不符。因此，本题正确答案为B项。

3.推理判断题。根据原文第二段“Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.”可知，斑马的奔跑速度与鸵鸟相当，听觉和嗅觉都很好，但缺乏鸵鸟敏锐的视力。由此可知这里的that指代“runningspeed（奔跑速度）”，故A项正确。B项strength表示“力量”；C项weakness表示“弱点”；D项eyesight表示“视力”。

4.理判断题。根据原文第二段“Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.”可知，如果两者（即斑马和鸵鸟）中任一种动物觉察到危险，那么两种动物都会警觉起来并迅速奔跑。凭借这两种动物的奔跑速度，它们能够超越猎豹以外的任何捕食者。因此，本题正确答案为D项。

5.推理判断题。根据原文第二段可知，斑马和鸵鸟属于互利共生的关系，它们都是狮子的猎物，都没有能力独自抵抗狮子的攻击，所以它们要进行协同防御，提醒对方可能有危险。如果两者中任一种动物觉察到危险，那么这两种动物都会警觉起来并迅速奔跑。凭借这两种动物的奔跑速度，它们能够超越猎豹以外的任何捕食者。由此可以判断，B项“斑马和鸵鸟在躲避攻击的能力上是互补的”表述正确。而A项“在发现狮子的攻击时，斑马往往比鸵鸟提供更多的帮助”；C项“斑马和鸵鸟都有极快的速度和敏锐的视力”以及D项“由于有非常快的速度，斑马和鸵鸟跑得比任何食肉动物都快”均与原文不符，可排除。

5.单选题

Jimmyearnshislivingby（）worksofartinthemuseum.

问题1选项

A.recovering

B.restoring

C.renewing

D.reviving

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项recovering“恢复；再生”；B选项restoring“恢复，重建；正在恢复”；C选项renewing“重新开始；恢复；使……更新；延长……的期限”；D选项reviving“振兴”。recover/restore都有康复的意思，但是用法不同。一般用法分别为：sbrecovers（不及物）、sbrestoreshishealth（及物），所以restore与语义相对应。句意：吉米靠修复博物馆里的艺术品谋生。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Nowthatspringishere,youcan（

）thesefurcoatstillyouneedthemagainnextwinter.

问题1选项

A.putover

B.putaway

C.putoff

D.putdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。putover“推迟，驶过”；putaway“放好，把……收好”；putoff“推迟，拖延”；putdown“放下，记下”。句意：春天来了，你可以把这些皮外套给收起来，直到来年冬天再拿出来。B项符合句意。答案B

7.单选题

Peopletendtoignorethedelayedeffectsof（

）tochemicalsbecausethedangerdoesn'tbecomeapparentimmediately.

问题1选项

A.exposure

B.exploit

C.explosion

D.exponent

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。exposure“暴露”；exploit“功绩”；explosion“爆炸”；exponent“倡导者，鼓吹者”。句意：人们倾向于忽视接触化学物质的迟延效应，因为这些危害不会立刻表现出来。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Theoryandsciencearenurturedinmaterialenvironments,andapplicationisapowerful（）tothought.Inthisrespecthewasagreatplanterofideas.

问题1选项

A.encouragement

B.spur

C.drive

D.drivingforce

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项encouragement“鼓舞”；B选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；C选项drive“驱动”，常用表达：adrivetosth，D选项drivingforce“驱动力，推动力”，常用表达：drivingforceforsth，跟后面的“to”不搭，可排除D选项。句意：理论科学是在物质环境中产生的，而应用则是思想的强力……。在这方面，他是一个伟大的思想传播者。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

IpassedalltheothercoursesthatItookatmyuniversity,butIcouldhaveneverpassedbotany.Thiswasbecauseallbotanystudentshadtospendseveralhoursaweekinalaboratorylookingthroughamicroscopeatplantcells,andIcouldneveronceseeacellthroughamicroscope.Thisusedtoenragemyinstructor.Hewouldwanderaroundthelaboratorypleasedwiththeprogressallthestudentsweremakingindrawingthestructureofflowercells,untilhecametome.Iwouldjustbestandingthere.“Ican’tseeanything”Iwouldsay.Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.“Ittakesawayfromthebeautyofflowersanyway.”Iusedtotellhim.“Wearenotconcernedwithbeautyinthiscourse，”hewouldsay.“WeareconcernedsolelywithwhatImaycallthemechanicsofflowers.”“Well,”I’dsay,“Ican’tseeanything”“Tryitjustonceagain,”he’dsay,andIwouldputmyeyetothemicroscopeandseenothingatall,exceptnowandagainanebulousmilkysubstance—aphenomenonofmaladjustment.Youweresupposedtoseeavivid,restlessclockworkofsharplydefinedplantcells.“Iseewhatlookslikealotofmilk，”Iwouldtellhim.This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk.

Ifinallytookadeferredpass,astheycalledit,andwaitedayearandtriedagain.(Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.)Theprofessorhadcomebackfromvacationbrownasaberry,bright-eyedandeagertoexplaincell-structureagaintohisclasses.“Well,”Hesaidtome,cheerily,whenwemetinthefirstlaboratoryhourofthesemester,“We’regoingtoseecellsthistime,aren’twe?”“Yes,sir，’’Isaid.Studentstotherightofmeandtotheleftofmeandinfrontofmewereseeingcells;what’smore,theywerequietlydrawingpicturesofthemintheirnotebooks,Ofcourse,Ididn’tseeanything.

“We’lltryit,theprofessorsaidtomegrimly,“witheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.AsGodismywitness.I’llarrangethisglasssothatyouseecellsthroughitorI’llgiveupteaching.Intwenty-twoyearsofbotany,I···”Hecutoffabruptlyforhewasbeginningtoquiverallover,likeLionelBarrymore,andhegenuinelywishedtoholdontohistemper;hissceneswithmehadtakenagreatdealoutofhim.

So,wetrieditwitheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.Withonlyoneof

themdidIseeanythingbutblacknessorthefamiliarlactealopacity,andthattimeIsay,tomypleasureandamazement,avariegatedconstellationofflecks,specks,anddots.TheseIhastilydrew.Theinstructor,notingmyactivity,camebackfromanadjoiningdesk,asmileonhislipsandhiseyebrowshighinhope.Helookedatmycelldrawing,“what’sthat?”hedemanded,withahintofasquealinhisvoice,“that’swhatIsaw,”Isaid.“Youdidn’t,youdidn’t，youdidn’t!”hescreamed,losingcontrolofhistemperinstantly;andhebentoverandsquintedintothemicroscope.Hisheadsnappedup.“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whywashetakingthebotanycourse?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprofessor’sattitudetowardtheauthorwas

（

）.

3.Whydidtheauthorhavedifficultywiththemicroscope?

4.Thetoneofthispassagecouldbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.Hewasapremedicalstudent.

B.Hewantedtoseethestructureofcells.

C.Heneededittograduate.

D.Itwasrequiredofsciencemajors.

问题2选项

A.encouraging

B.disbelieving

C.instructive

D.Alloftheabove

问题3选项

A.Theprofessoradjustedittohisowneyesratherthantotheauthor’seyes.

B.Becauseofafaultyinstrument.

C.Duetotheteacher’spoorinstruction.

D.Hedidn’ttry.

问题4选项

A.self-congratulatory

B.irony

C.degrading

D.critical

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到第二段中“Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.你必须通过一门生物科学课程否则你不能毕业。”可知C项正确。

2.细节事实题。定位到第一段中“Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.他在开始的时候有足够耐心，解释如何通过显微镜看到东西，但他总是在愤怒中结束，声称我也可以通过显微镜看到东西，只是假装我不能看到。”可知B项正确。

3.判断推理题。定位到第一段中“This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk他声称，这是由于我没有调好显微镜，所以他就为我调试，或者更确切地说，为自己。我再看了一遍，结果我看到了乳状物。”可知A项正确。

4.判断推理题。最后一段中“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”'那是你的眼睛！’他（导师）大声说。“你已固定了镜头，以至于它发生了反射！你画了你的眼睛！”可推知B项“讽刺的”正确。A项“自满的”；C项“可耻的；不名誉的”；D项“批评的”。

10.单选题

Somecompanieshaveintroducedflexibleworkingtimewithlessemphasisonpressure______.

问题1选项

A.thanmoreonefficiency

B.andmoreonefficiency

C.andmoreefficiency

D.thanefficiency

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.thanmoreonefficiency更强调效率B.andmoreonefficiency更强调效率

C.andmoreefficiency更多效率D.thanefficiency比效率

【考查点】并列。

【解题思路】lessemphasisonpressure是名词短语，表示“强调少的压力”，with后面只能跟名词或名词短语，所以空格处不可能是比较级，而是并列名词短语，前面是emphasison，空格部分同样要表示emphasison，介词on不可以省略，所以空格处是andmoreonefficiency，故该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合语法结构。

【句意】有些公司采用弹性工作时间制，更注重效率而不是压力。

11.单选题

Hewasdeterminedtosailaroundtheworld（

）hisillnessandoldage.

问题1选项

A.given

B.although

C.despite

D.inspite

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查连词辨析。A选项given“考虑到”；B选项although“尽管、虽然”；C选项despite“即使、尽管”；D选项inspite要和of组成固定短语“虽然、尽管”，根据句中关键词“hisillnessandoldage”和题干的句意，且已知despite后可跟名词短语或名词性短语，我们可以判断C选项用法正确且符合语境。

12.单选题

Wedidn’texpectthatthelocalgovernmentwassoefficient;allthethingswentwithaminimum（）andmaximumspeed.

问题1选项

A.autonomy

B.automation

C.frequency

D.bureaucracy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词解析。A选项autonomy“自治”；B选项automation“自动化”；C选项frequency“频率；频繁”；D选项bureaucracy“官僚主义”。句意：我们真没料想当地政府竟是如此讲效率，所有事情以最低的……和最快的速度进行。governmentwassoefficient“政府的办事效率高”，可以说明现在政府中一些官僚主义减少了。因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

1.

问题1选项

A.Howtodealwithhissleepingproblem.

B.Thecauseofhissleepingproblem.

C.Whatfollowshisinsomnia.

D.Theseverityofhismedicalproblem.

【答案】A

【解析】M:WhatabouttheproblemthatI’vebeenhavinginsleeping?

W:Iamgoingtogiveyouaprescriptionofsomemedicinetohelpyougetabetternight’ssleep.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?

【解析】细节题。通过对话得知，男士睡眠不好，女士要给他开药改善睡眠。

14.单选题

Icertainlydidn’tintendto______yourplans.

问题1选项

A.upset

B.shake

C.shave

D.drag

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项upset“打乱；打翻”；B选项shake“摇动，抖动”；C选项shave“剃毛”；D选项drag“（使劲而吃力地）拖”。句意：我当然不想______你的计划。根据语境，这里指的是不想妨碍计划，A选项upset“打乱”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

Europeanofficials,though,havealreadywarnedtheywillretaliatebyboostingtariffsonUSgoods,（）arowthathaslastedsixyearsand（）agreementintheGATTinternationaltradetalksinvolving108countries.

问题1选项

A.escalating...blocking

B.toescalate...toblock

C.escalating...blocked

D.escalated...blocking

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据题目的句子结构，可知两个空格中均填入-ing分词作状语，表伴随。escalating“逐步上升”；blocking“阻碍”。句意：不过，欧洲官员已警告称，他们将提高对美国商品的关税作为报复，使持续6年的争端不断升级，并阻碍了有关于108个国家的关贸总协定国际贸易谈判达成协议。选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Jane’satticroomhasapoor______systemandinsummeritbecomesunbearablystuffy.

问题1选项

A.ventilation

B.manipulation

C.mitigation

D.allocation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项ventilation“通风设备，空气流通”，B项manipulation“操纵，操作，处理”，C项mitigation“减轻，缓和，平静”，D项allocation“分配，配置，安置”。由unbearablystuffy“闷热的难以忍受”可知，“空气流通”符合语境。句意：简家阁楼的通风系统很差，一到夏天就变得闷热得令人难以忍受。因此，该题选择A项正确。

17.填空题

IranintoWangTaoandLiSan（1）thetradefairinMunbaiinFebruary.I（2）seenthemsince2007（3）ofthemliketheirnewjobs,but（4）wantstostayinShenzhenmuchlonger.

【答案】1.at

2.Haven’t

3.Both

4.neither

【解析】1.语法题。此处应该用介词at。Atthetradefair在交易会上。

2.

语法题。此处有提示词since,所以此处表示

“自从2007年来,就没见过他们了”,因此用现在完成时的否定haven’t

done。

3.语义题。此处填both(两者都…)符合句意。

4.语义题。Neither表示“都不”。

18.不定项选择题

(1)Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,alwaysconditionedtechnology.Forexample,thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert