考研考博-英语-保山学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-保山学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

IntheOsagetribeofOklahoma,beadedbelts______whoheldahighsocialstatus.

问题1选项

A.onlybywomenwerefashioned

B.bywomenwerefashionedonly

C.werefashionedonlybywomen

D.werebywomenfashionedonly

【答案】C

【解析】考查被动语态的用法。一般来说被动句式中的主语后面应该紧跟发生的动词，即被怎么样了，然后才是发出动作的人、物，即被谁怎么样，所以在这个顺序中，只有C是符合的。句意：在俄克拉何马州的奥赛治族印第安部落里，镶嵌串珠的腰带只能由社会地位较高的女性来制作。因此，该题正确答案为C。

2.单选题

Vickyhasbeensadrecently,forherplantogotocollege（）atthelastmoment.

问题1选项

A.fellout

B.fellbehind

C.fellin

D.fellthrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项fellout“争吵”；B选项fellbehind“落后，拖欠”；C选项fellin“排队，到期”；D选项fellthrough“未能实现”。根据句意“Vicky最近很伤心，因为她计划上大学，最后却未能实现。”选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Theworkers'demandare（

）;theyareaskingforonlyasmallincreaseintheirwages.

问题1选项

A.complicated

B.moderate

C.abnormal

D.commercial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。complicated“复杂的”；moderate“适度的”；abnormal“不正常的”；commercial“商业的”。句意：工人们提出了适度的要求：涨一点工资。由后半句的“onlyasmallincrease…”可知这种要求是适度的。B项符合题意，答案B

4.单选题

Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whydon'tyouhelpthemto（）thesituation?

问题1选项

A.simplify

B.modify

C.verify

D.rectify

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。选项A：simplify“简化，使单纯”;选项B:modify“修改”；选项C：verify“核实，查证”;选项D：rectify“矫正，改正”。rectify是指抽象意义上对于偏离正常轨道的矫正，因此与题意更切合，所以选项D正确。句意：如果你知道问题出在哪里，为什么不帮助他们扭转局面呢?

5.单选题

Hedoesnot___asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisterrible.

问题1选项

A.equal

B.match

C.qualify

D.fit

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项equal“等于；比得上”；B选项match“相配，相称；相似；与……成对；配对；”；C选项qualify“限定，修饰；使具有资格；证明……合格”；D选项fit“安装；使……适应；使……合身；与……相符”。句意：他不能___英语教师的工作，因为他的发音很糟糕。本句表达“他没有资格作为英语老师”，因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Noneofthedealsisfocusedonoperating-systemsoftware,sononeposesadirectthreattothe（）ofWindows.

问题1选项

A.privilege

B.possession

C.control

D.dominance

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。privilege特权；possession拥有，财产；control控制，管理；dominance统治，支配。由前半句“这些协议都不是针对操作系统软件的”可知结果就是不会对windows这种主流的操作系统带来影响。Windows是一种占统治地位的操作系统。故D项正确。句意：这些交易都不是针对操作系统软件的，因此都不会对Windows的统治地位构成直接威胁。

7.单选题

Theenvironmentalmovementis（）tothewidespreadfeelingsofsupportfornature'sinherentworth.

问题1选项

A.testimony

B.hypocrisy

C.compensation

D.compassion

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。testimony证据，证词；hypocrisy虚伪，伪善；compensation补偿，报酬；compassion同情，怜悯。句意：环保运动证明了人们普遍支持自然的内在价值。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.35million.

B.34million.

C.25million.

D.20million.

问题2选项

A.Author,professoranddreamer

B.Writer,professorandinsomniac.

C.Author,psychologistandinsomniac.

D.Dramatist,psychologistandscientist.

问题3选项

A.Sleepingin8-hourconsolidatedblocks.

B.Sleepingduringdaytime.

C.Goingtobedsoonafterdark.

D.Twoblocksof4-hoursleepwithawakingbreak.

问题4选项

A.Becausetheyhaveunnoticeablesleepingpatterns.

B.Becausetheysleepverylittle.

C.Becausetheyareinsensitive.

D.Becausetheycan’tcomplain.

问题5选项

A.Sleepishighlyvariable,andwearsoutwithage.

B.Fallingasleepisagradualprocess.

C.Sleepinglesswillhelpyouloseweight.

D.Peopleneedtosleepeighthoursaday.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】Ourcultureisobsessedwithsleep,andthelackofit,yetmanyofusdon’tknowsomebasicfacts.(21)Asmanyas35millionAmericansexperiencechronicinsomnia,andyetin2006only$20millionwasspentonresearch.(22)Inthesixyearsthatauthor,professorandlifelonginsomniacGayleGreenspentresearchingandwritingherbook“Insomniac”.Shelearnedalmostallthereistoknowaboutsleepandthelackthereof.Herearefivecommonmythsabouthowwegetourshut-eyeandwhy:

1.HumansNeedEightHoursSleepaNight

Therearemanywaysofsleepingandfewculturessleepineight-hourconsolidatedblockslikewedo.Untiltheindustrialera,manyWesternEuropeansdividedthenightinto“thefirstsleep”andthe“secondsleep.”(23)They’dgotobedsoonafterdark,sleepforfourhoursthenwakeforanhourortwoduringwhichthey’dwrite,pray,smoke,havesexorevenvisitneighbors.Infact,there’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatthissleeppatternmaybetheonemostintunewithourinherentcircadianrhythms.

2.SleepIsn’tJustaBodilyFunction

Sleepisabiological,physiologicalsystem,akintothecardiovascularsystem,thenervoussystemandsoon.(25)Likeanyothersystem,itishighlyvariable,anditwearsoutandgetsmorefragilewithage.

3.AnimalsDon’tHaveSleepProblems

Insomniaoccursinanimalsandinsects,too,sortof.Technically,(24)insomniaisdefinedasa“complaint,”andsinceanimalscan’tcomplain,it’sdifficulttomeasureinthem.

4.FallingAsleepIsaGradualProcessNope

Instead,formostpeople,itswitchesonandofflikealightswitch.Butforinsomniacsandnarcoleptics,theswitchdoesn’tworkquitewell.Insteadtheyinhabitthespaceinbetweenneverentirelyawake,norentirelyasleep.

5.SleepingLessBurnsMoreCalories

Intheshortterm,yes,butsleepinglessprobablywon’thelpyouloseweight.Lackofsleepsuppressesournaturalappetite-depressants,whilefuelingappetite-increasers,oftenleadingtoweightgain.

21.Accordingtothetalk,approximatelyhowmanyAmericanssufferchronicinsomnia?

【解析】此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：Asmanyas35millionAmericansexperiencechronicinsomnia，所以答案为A。

22.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGayleGreen?

【解析】此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：Inthesixyearsthatauthor,professorandlifelonginsomniaGayleGreenspentresearchingandwritingherbook“Insonmniac”.答案为B。

23.Whichofthefollowingsleepingpatternsmightbethemostintunewithourinherentbiologicalsystem?

【解析】此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：there’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatthissleeppatternmaybetheonemostintunewithourinherentcircadianrhythms.而这里的thissleeppattern指的就是前一句话说的睡觉模式：They’dgotobedsoonafterdark,sleepforfourhoursthenwakeforanhourortwoduringwhichthey’dwrite,pray,smoke,havesexorevenvisitneighbors.因而符合这一睡觉模式的是C。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whyisitdifficulttomeasureinsomniainanimals?

【解析】此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：insomniaisdefinedasa“complaint,”andsinceanimalscan’tcomplain,it’sdifficulttomeasureinthem.所以答案为D。

25.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowingistrue?

【解析】此题可以用排除法，文章中提出五个常见的对睡眠的错误认识。B、C和D正是其中的三个，因而A为答案。

9.单选题

Michael（）heretoseeyouandhe（）anoteonyourdesk.

问题1选项

A.hascome;hadleft

B.hasbeen;hasleft

C.hascome;left

D.hasbeen;left

【答案】D

【解析】句意:迈克刚来这里看你，他留了一张便条在桌上。

语法题。考查时态。后文说“留了一张便条”,不强调对现在的影响,所以用一般过去时。那么前面应该表示的是“刚来过”。因此此处用“hasbeenhere”合适。

10.单选题

Theyarewell______witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedinthesameuniversity.

问题1选项

A.acquainted

B.recognized

C.acknowledged

D.identified

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.acquainted熟悉；了解B.recognized辨别出；意识到

C.acknowledged承认（属实）D.identified确认；认出

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据since原因状语从句的内容“因为他们曾在同一所大学学习”可推知，Theyarewell______witheachother表示的是“他们互相了解、熟悉对方”，所以空格处表示“熟悉”，而beacquaintedwith也是常见搭配，表示“与……相识；了解”，所以该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

B、C项不符合句意；

D项指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等，不符合句意。

【句意】因为他们曾在同一所大学学习，所以彼此很熟悉。

11.单选题

Whichhislackofexperienceandsmallerphysique,wedon'tthinkhe（

）achanceofwinningthefight.

问题1选项

A.stands

B.gained

C.possessed

D.took

【答案】A

【解析】standachanceofdoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，所以选项A正确。

12.单选题

Notallpersonsarrestedand（）withacrimeareguilty,andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguiltyunderthelaw.

问题1选项

A.sentenced

B.accused

C.persecuted

D.charged

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。bechargedwith意为被控告。句意：并非所有被逮捕和被指控犯罪的人都是有罪的，刑事法院的主要职能是根据法律确定谁有罪。sentenced宣判，判决；accused被告；persecuted迫害。所以本题选D。

13.单选题

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayortodiscussthetaxraiseinthecity.

问题1选项

A.propelled

B.picked

C.postponed

D.presided

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项propel“推进，驱使”，B选项pick“挑选，采摘”，pickover“择优，分档挑选”；C选项postpone“延迟，缓办”；D选项preside“主持”，presideover“主持，负责”。句意：会议由市长主持，讨论城市税收增加问题。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，D选项符合句意。

14.翻译题

Environmentalismis,inthesocialsciences,anytheorythatconcernstheimportanceofenvironmentalfactorsinthedevelopmentofcultureandsociety.Thetheoryofenvironmentaldeterminismstatesthatthephysicalmilieuofapeople,includingnaturalresources,climate,andgeography,isthemajordeterminingfactorintheformationoftheirculture.Determinismtherebyrejectshistoryandtradition,socialandeconomicfactors,andotheraspectsofcultureasexplanationsofsocialdevelopment.Contemporaryenvironmentalistsrecognizethatphysicalsurroundingsareonlypartofatotalenvironmentthatincludessocialandeconomicfactorsculturaltradition,andreciprocalinfluencesbetweensocietiesandtheirenvironment.

【答案】在社会科学中，环境保护论是指任何有关环境因素在文化和社会发展中的重要性的理论。环境决定论认为，人类的自然环境，包括自然资源、气候和地理，是其文化形成的主要决定因素。因此环境决定论拒绝将历史和传统、社会和经济因素以及文化的其他方面作为社会发展的解释。当代环境学家认识到，自然环境只是包括社会和经济因素、文化传统以及社会与其环境之间相互影响在内的整个环境的一部分。

15.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Youareanintelligentandarticulateperson.Youhavenoproblemgivingalucidpresentation,deliveringaneloquentspeechorparticipatinginapoliticaldebate.Youstriveformeaningfulconversationsandhavenopatiencewhatsoeverforsmalltalk.“Theweatherisnice,isn’tit?”Really,whocares?

Althoughseeminglytrivialandsuperficial,smalltalkisthestartingpointofallrelationships.Romancesandfriendshipsbeginwithsmalltalk.Inamorepragmaticlight,youcan’tavoidit.Gettingajob,workingwithcolleagues,winningnewclients—allofitrequiressmalltalk.Americanscallitthe“GiftofGab”.Wanttobesuccessful?You’dbetteracquirethisgift.AnarticleontheForbes,websitelistsafewreasonswhysmalltalkissoimportantforone’scareer.Notonlydoessmalltalkmakeusmorelikeable;inone’scareer,smalltalkisalsoa“freeoption”.

Itcanleadtoahostofoutcomes,fromamerelypleasantexchangetothesigningofamultimilliondollarbusinessdeal,saysthearticle.

Inatimewhereabigpartofourliveshasmovedonline,theartofsmalltalkiselusiveandmysterious.Theawkwardexperienceoffeelinglikeatotaloutsideratasocialfunction,suchasacompanyeventoradinnerparty,issharedbymanyofus.

Badsmalltalkerstendtodominatetheconversation.Theyspendtoomuchtimeontheirfavoritetopic,whetherit’sfootballorhowclevertheirkidsare.Theythinktheyarebeingsocialbecausetheyaretalking.Buttheyaretalkingtosomebody,notwithsomeone.Suchpeopleoftengivetheimpressionofbeingself-centeredandinconsiderate.

【答案】你聪明机灵，口齿伶俐。给出清晰的报告、发表滔滔不绝的演讲、参加政治辩论，你无所不能。你在这些有意义的语言会话上花费心思，却对闲聊嗤之以鼻。“今天天气不错，是吧？”说实在的，谁关心呢？

虽然看似琐碎肤浅，但闲聊却是建立一切关系的切入点。爱情和友谊都始于闲聊。更实际一点考虑的话，你不可能避免闲聊。求职、与同事共事、攻下新客户，这些都离不开闲聊。

美国人称之为“能说会道”。你想成功？那么你最好具备这项口才。为了说明闲聊对于个人事业的重要性，《福布斯》网站上的一篇文章给出了一系列解释。闲聊不仅能让我们更讨人喜欢，对于个人事业而言，闲聊也是一种“免费期权”。文章中指出，闲聊能产生一系列的效果，有时不仅仅是一场愉快的交流，甚至还可以达成数百万美元的交易。

在这个生活逐步网络化的吋代，闲聊的艺术不可思议又难以捉摸。我们中的很多人都曾有过在公司活动、宴会等社交场合中上化身“局外人”的尴尬经历。

不抱长闲聊的人往往想要在谈话中占据主动。他们花费过多的时间来谈论喜欢的话题，无论是讨论足球还是夸奖他们的孩子有多么聪颖过人。他们认为滔滔不绝就代表善于交际。但是他们说话的对象是些重要人物，而并非普通人。这样的人通常会给人留下以自我为中心、不替他人着想的印象。

16.单选题

Amajorreasonforconflictintheanimalworldisterritory.Themaleanimalestablishesanarea.Thesizeoftheareaissufficienttoprovidefoodforhim,hismateandtheiroffspring.Migratingbirds,forexample,usedupthebestterritoryintheorderof“firstcome,first（1）.”Thelatearrivalsmayacquire（2）territories,butlessfoodisavailable,ortheyaretooclosetothe（3）oftheenemiesofthespecies.（4）thereisreallyinsufficientfoodorthedangerisverygreat,theanimalwillnot（5）.Inthisway,themembersofthespecieswhicharelessfitwillnothaveoffspring.Whenthereisconflict（6）territory,animalswillcommonlyuseforce,orashowofforce,todecidewhichwillstayandwhichwillgo.Itisinterestingtonote,（7），thatanimalsseemtouseonlytheminimumamountofforce（8）todriveawaytheintruder.Thereisusuallynokilling.Inthecaseofthoseani¬malswhicharecapableof（9）eachothergreatharm,（10）isasystemforthelosinganimaltoshowthewinninganimalthathewishestosubmit.Whenheshowsthis,thevictornormallystopsfighting.

问题1选项

A.use

B.serve

C.served

D.used

问题2选项

A.larger

B.better

C.smaller

D.worse

问题3选项

A.caves

B.nests

C.residences

D.habitats

问题4选项

A.Neither

B.If

C.Since

D.Because

问题5选项

A.breed

B.produce

C.mate

D.compete

问题6选项

A.for

B.over

C.with

D.by

问题7选项

A.moreover

B.henceforth

C.however

D.yet

问题8选项

A.compulsory

B.essential

C.necessary

D.vital

问题9选项

A.doing

B.made

C.given

D.sending

问题10选项

A.this

B.that

C.it

D.there

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:D

【解析】（1）考查上下文语义。根据上下文，迁徙的候鸟按先到先得的顺序占用领地，所以firstcome,firstserve符合文章意思。选项C符合题意。

（2）考查上下文语义。根据下文“butlessfoodisavailable”，可以推断这块领土面积更大，但是食物较少，larger和less形成对比。选项A符合题意。

（3）名词词义辨析。cave“洞穴”；nest“鸟巢”；residence“人的住处”；habitat“动物柄息地”。根据文意，这些领地离敌对物种的栖息地较近。选项D符合题意。

（4）考查上下文语义，如果食物太少或者领地太危险，这些动物是不会交配的。选项B符合题意。

（5）考查上下文语义。根据下文“themembersofthespecieswhicharelessfitwillnothaveoffspring.”不那么容易适应环境的物种就不会有后代，可推断出谈论的动物的交配问题。选项C符合题意。

（6）介词辨析。根据上下文，如果在领土方面存在冲突，动物们通常会使用武力决定谁走谁留。选项B符合题意。

（7）考查上下文语义。根据上文“animalswillcommonlyuseforce”和下文“theminimumamountofforce”，可知动物用武力占据领地，用最少的武力赶走入侵者，所以前后形成对比，有转折的关系。选项C符合题意。

（8）形容词词义辨析。compulsory“义务的”；essential“基本的，实质的”；vital“重大的，至关重要的”；necessary“必要的”句意：动物往往在必要的时候用最小的武力来驱赶侵略者。选项C符合题意。

（9）考查固定搭配。dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人造成伤害，句意：对于那些能够相互造成巨大伤害的动物，有一种方式，可以让输的动物向赢的动物表明顺从的意愿。选项A符合题意。

（10）考查语法知识。therebe为固定用法，表示“某地有某物”，选项D符合题意。

17.写作题

TherearemanyreasonsforapersonplanningtodoPhDresearch(forexample,newexperiences,careerpreparation,andincreasedknowledge).Whydoyouthinkpeopleshouldpursueadoctoraldegree?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsaboutyouropiniononthistopic.

【答案】WhydopeoplegoforaPh.D.?Thedisinterestedreasonmostoftengivenissatisfyingtheirthirstforknowledge.Ph.D.studentsarethosewithhighdegreeofinternalmotivationthatstemsfromtheirinborncuriosityandloveofintellectualpursuits.Theyexpectthatafterobtainingtheirdegreetheywillmetamorphoseintoscholars.Forthosethetemptationofresearchingnewandexcitingsubjectsisalsoirresistible,oratleastpreferabletoallotherchoices.

So,aPhDmeansthatyouhavealotofknowledgeandinformationaboutyourfield.Yourknowl-edgeisnotonlytheoretical,butalsoofpracticaluse,andyoucanshareitwithothersforproblem-solving.Youareanexpertandspecialistinyourareaofstudy,andyoureducatedopinionwillbehighlyvaluedamongfriends,colleaguesandeventhemedia.

WithaPhDdegree,youmayhavemorecareerchoices.Atthesametime,youcangainahighersalaryandpositionwithinthecompanycomparedtocandidateswhodonothavethesameeducationallevelasyou.Furthermore,yourexpertiseinthefieldalsogivesyoutheopportunitytoacquireteach-ingpositionsatacollegeoruniversity.

TherearealsootherreasonsforpursuingaPh.D.,whicharemorepragmatic.GoingthroughyearsofstudyforaPhDdegreealsomeansthatyouwillhavebuiltupareliableanddiversesetofprofessionalnetworks.Youwillhaveworkedwithrenownedexpertsandscholarsinthefieldandwillhavemadeimportantcontactsduringconferences,allofwhomcanserveasexcellentcareerreferencesforanyjobpositions.

Inthissense,thedoctoraldegreeisnotonlyapassporttoaworldofresearchandnewknowl-edge,butalsoavaluableassetthatincreasesone’schancesforobtaininghigherpaid,moresatisfyingjobs.Itisseenasaninvestmentinone’slifeforfuturesuccessfulcareer,acertificateprovingone’sspecialabilitiesthatgivesadvantagesoftheownerinthejobmarket.

WhateverreasonsapersonmayhavewhenplanningtodoPh.D.research,theultimategoalistoenjoyabetterlife.APhDprograminvolveshardwork,rigorouscriticalthinkingskillsandalotofin-vestedtime,moneyandresearch.However,youreceivemanybenefitsandrewardsforhavingadoc-toratedegree,whetheritisforpersonalsatisfaction,socialstatus,andemploymentorforthesakeofeducationandknowledgeitself.

18.单选题

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

问题1选项

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。continuous“连续的，持续的”，中间没有间断；continual“持续不断的；频繁的”，中间可能有间断；constant“不变的；恒定的；经常的”；contrary“相反的，对立的”。句意：城邦之间持续不断的冲突最终导致了希腊文明的衰落。选项B符合题意。

19.填空题

Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.Burningupfuels,wepumpedagreatdealofgreenhousegasesintotheair,alteringthechemistryoftheatmosphereandwarmingtheplanetinjustafewdecades.Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimate（灵长类）todisappearinmorethan100years.

Atthestartofthe21stcenturytherewereunmistakablesignsthatnaturewasbeginningtotakeitsrevenge.Meltingiceinbothpolesoftheearthsuggestedthattheclimatewaschangingrapidly.Weatherwasevenmorechangeablethanusual;givingsomeplacestoolittlerainandotherstoomuch.FiresracedacrossthedriedAmericanWestlastsummer,andrecentstormsspreaddamagesfromBritaintoChina.Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.Othersadsignsfromanoverburdenedplanetincludefallinggrainandfishharvestsandfiercercompetitionforscarcewatersupplies.

Buttherewerealso,intheyear2000,signsofgreatawareness.ConnectedbytheInternet,hundredsofmillionspeoplegatheredforthe30thanniversaryofEarthDay,GovernmentsfromWashingtontoLimatookstepstoprotectthelargewildareasfromdevelopment.Progresswasmadetowardusingmorerenewableenergyfromthewindandthesun,andnewcarsthatusedbothgasolineandelectricityshowedfuel-economystatistics.

Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainable(可持续的)development”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.

Mark“T”forTrueor“F”forFalseontheAnswerSheet.

____1.Speciesofanimalsandplantsareincreased.

____2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscarcewatersuppliesaredirectlycausedbythelargerpopulation.

____3.Humanitybuiltmanydamsinthepastcentury.

____4.Thephrase“sustainabledevelopment”inthelastparagraphprobablymeansthateconomicdevelopmentwillmakefulluseofnaturalresources.

____5.Themainpurposeoftheauthoristomakeusawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentprotection.

【答案】F

F

T

F

T

【解析】1.定位到第一段Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimatetodisappearinmorethan100years.（当我们的人口在2000年开始时超过了60亿，仍然遍布各大洲，每天都有几十种动物和植物灭绝，包括100多年来第一个灭绝的灵长类动物。）可以看得出动植物物种都在减少，因此题干错误。

2.定位到第二段Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.（没有特定的事件可以直接归咎于全球变暖，洪水和干旱将会更频繁和严重。）可以看出目前并没有证据证明是人口增多引起的，因此题干错误。

3.定位到第一段Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.（在过去的一个世纪里，人类尽其所能控制自然。我们在河流上筑坝，砍伐森林，耗尽土壤。）通过这句话可以得出题干是正确的。

4.定位到最后一段Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainabledevelopment”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.（新世纪的目标是“可持续发展”。这有可能吗?这取决于我们对人类是自然的一部分，而不是主人的理解程度。）因此可以看出，可持续发展指的并不是题干所说的“经济发展将充分利用自然资源”，而是人类要意识到自己要和大自然共同发展，因此题干错误。

5.根据全文来看，作者一直都是在说明现在环境的恶劣，以及人类的责任重大，需要和自然好好相处，因此作者的意图就是希望大家重视环境保护问题。题干表达正确。

20.单选题

Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;thatevennewindividualsetsanewproblem;thathecallsforatleastasomewhatdifferentemphasisinsubject-matterpresented.Thereisnothingmoreblindlystupidthantheconventionwhichsupposesthatthematteractuallycontainedintextbooksofarithmetic,history,geography,etc.,isjustwhatwillfurthertheeducationaldevelopmentofallchildren.

Butwithdrawalfromthehardandfastandnarrowcontentsoftheoldcurriculumisonlythenegativesideofthematter.Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.Completeisolationisimpossibleinnature.Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.Intheeducativeenvironmenttheknowledge,judgmentandexperienceoftheteacherisagreater,notasmallerfactor,thanitisinthetraditionalschool.Thedifferenceisthattheteacheroperatesnotasajudgesetonhighandmarkedbyarbitraryauthoritybutasafriendlyco-partnerandguideinacommonenterprise.

1.Intheauthor’sview,thebasicfaultofoldeducationconsistsin（）.

2.Theauthoragitatesreformsinthe（）.

3.Itseemsthatneweducationalistsfavor（）.

4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif（）.

5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas（）.

问题1选项

A.theinadequatesupplyofspecificsubjectsandprograms

B.thepoorimaginativecapacitiesofeducators

C.providinginflexibleeducationalconditions

D.makingpupilsreadtextbookswithoutdatedcontent

问题2选项

A.oldsubject-mattertofollowtechnologicaladvances

B.staleteachingmaterialsandteachingmethods

C.prescribedtextbooksandunchangingsystems

D.generalconsentaboutmultipurposetextbooks

问题3选项

A.teachingpupilsaccordingtoeachone’stalent

B.introducingthelatestinformationtotheyouth

C.renderinginstructionclosetopupils’experiences

D.supplementingalltextbookswithfreshmaterials4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif（）.

问题4选项

A.therigidschoolcurriculaarethoroughlytransformed

B.thenegativeeffectofoldeducationisonlypartlyrecognized

C.thetraditionalsubject-mattertotallysubstitutesfornewone

D.thereplacementofunvaryingcourseswithflexibleonesfails5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas（）.

问题5选项

A.educatorsdiscardtheirliabilityforthebeing-educated

B.teachershavesoundjudgmenttomaketherightchoice

C.instructorshelpestablishconditionsfavorabletopupils’growth

D.schoolmastersfunctionasequalco-operatorsinajointbusiness

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：在作者看来，旧教育的基本错误在于_____。根据关键词“basicfault”和“oldeducation”可以定位到文章第一段Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.（旧的和传统的教育的本质弱点不仅仅是它强调提供明确的主题和活动的必要性。这些东西对于任何可以被称为教育的东西都是必需的。教育工作者的缺点和不幸是，他们的想象力不能超越为学生提供一个固定的、僵化的学习环境，而且他们的学习来源与学生的经历相距甚远。），B选项“教育工作者缺乏想象力”，符合原文表达的意思。A选项“特定科目和课程供应不足”和C选项“提供固定的教育条件”，和原文表达的意思冲突，D选项“让学生阅读内容过时的课本”在文中并没有提及，综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

2.事实细节题。题干：作者在_________上鼓励改革。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段第四句话Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.（新教育所需要的是更多的关注，而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。），可知A选项“跟随技术进步的老题材”符合题意。B选项“陈旧的教材和教学方法”，C选项“规定的教科书和不变的系统”和D选项“对多用途教科书的普遍认可”在文中均未提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

3.事实细节题。题干：新的教育学家似乎更青睐_________。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;（新教育所需要的是更多的关注，而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。但是，当我说“更多”的时候，我并不是指同样的数量上的“更多”。我指的是一种富有想象力的愿景，认为没有现成的计划可以确定最能促进每个年轻人教育成长的确切主题；），原文表达的意思是没有固定的教材可以促进每个年轻人的成长，不同的年轻人应该使用不同的教育素材，因此A选项“因材施教”，符合题意。B选项“向青年介绍最新的信息”，C选项“贴近学生的经验进行教学”，D选项“用新材料补充所有教科书”，均不符合原文意思，所以本题的正确答案是A选项。

4.细节推理题。题干：如果_________，将有形成教育空白的风险。根据关键词“educationalblank”可以定位到文章第二段第二句Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.（如果我们不能比传统教育提供一个主题更丰富、更多样和灵活的主体的正确方向，不能在事实上比传统教育更加明确，不能判断针对这些教育的经验，针对任何发生的事情，我们都将可能形成教育空白。），D选项“用灵活的课程替代不变的课程失败了”说法与句意一致。A选项“僵化的学校课程被彻底改变了”与句意相反。B选项“旧教育的负面影响只被部分认识到”，在文中没有提及，说法无根据。C选项“传统的题材完全取代了新的题材”与句意相反。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

5.主旨大意题。题干：只要_________，学生们就可以很好地防范不良的社会影响。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentw