考研考博-英语-保定幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-保定幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Onlybyunderstandingthearticledeeply________hopeforthereaderstograspitsfullmeaning.

问题1选项

A.cantherebe

B.canbethere

C.betherecan

D.therecanbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装。句意：只有深度阅读，读者才有可能理解文章全部意思。Only出现在句首的时候，句子是要用部分倒装的，B选项是完全倒装，所以排除；D是陈述语序，也要排除；部分倒装只把谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词等放到主语前，所以答案选A。

2.单选题

He（）threehoursinthesnowtogetbackhome.

问题1选项

A.trudged

B.grudged

C.judged

D.fudged

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项trudge“跋涉”；B选项grudge“（因不满而）不愿意给（或允许）”；C选项judge“判断；猜测（大小、数量等）”；D选项fudge“含糊其辞，模糊处理；回避。句意：他在雪中跋涉三个钟头才回到家。因此A项符合句意。

3.单选题

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

问题1选项

A.amiable

B.obsolete

C.aggressive

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。amiable“和蔼可亲的,亲切的”;obsolete“废弃的,老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的,好斗的,激进的,有进取心的”;harmonious“和谐的,和睦的”。句意:国际体育运动应该在各国之间建立友好关系,但在现在的奥运会组织中,某种程度上鼓励了激进的爱国主义。选项C符合语境。

4.单选题

Wehadintendedtotalkaboutwork,but（

）startedtotalkaboutfootball.

问题1选项

A.continuously

B.unwittingly

C.permanently

D.consistently

【答案】B

【解析】考察副词词义辨析。continuously“继续地”；unwittingly“不知不觉地”；permanently“永久地”；consistently“一致地”。句意：我们原意是打算谈论工作的，但是不知不觉就谈到了足球。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itdisplaysalbumsbynewmusictalents.

B.IthasseveralbranchesinLondon.

C.Itsponsorsmajorjazzconcerts.

D.Itfocusesexclusivelyonjazz.

问题2选项

A.Itsmarkethasnowshrunk.

B.Itoriginatedwithcowboys.

C.Itremainsaswidespreadashiphopmusic.

D.Itslistenersaremostlyyoungpeople.

问题3选项

A.Itsstylehasremainedlargelyunchanged.

B.Itisstillgoingthroughexperimentation.

C.Itisfrequentlyaccompaniedbysinging.

D.Itsdefinitionisvariedandcomplicated.

问题4选项

A.Learntoplaythem.

B.Listentothemyourself.

C.Takemusiclessons.

D.Consultjazzmusicians.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Excuseme.Where’syourrockmusicsection?

W:Rockmusic?I’msorry,we’rea,jazzstore.Wedon’thaveanyrockandroll.

M:Oh,youonlyhavejazzmusic?Nothingelse?

W:That’sright.[1]We’retheonlyrecordstoreinLondondedicatedexclusivelytojazz.Actually,we’remorethanjustarecordstore.Wehaveacafeandlibraryupstairsandaticketofficedownthehall,whereyoucanbuyticketstoallthemajorjazzconcertsinthecity.Also,wehaveourownstudionextdoor,whereweproducealbumsforup-and-comingartists.We’recommittedtofosteringnewmusictalent.

M:Wow!That’ssocool![2]Iguessthere’snotmuchofajazzsceneanymore.Notliketheyusedtobe,buthereyou’retryingtopromotethisgreatmusicgenre.

W:Yes,indeed,nowadaysmostpeopleliketolistentopopandrockmusic.HiphopmusicfromAmericaisalsogettingmoreandmorepopular.Soasaresult,there’refewerlistenersofjazz,whichisagreatshame,becauseit’sanincrediblyrichgenre.Butthat’snottosaythereisn’tanygoodnewjazzmusicbeingmadeoutthereanymore.Farfromit.It’sjustamuchsmallermarkettoday.

M:Sohowwouldyoudefinejazz?

W:Well,interestinglyenough,[3]there’snoagreed-upondefinitionofjazz.Indeed,therearemanydifferentstylesofjazz.Somehavesinging,butmostdon’t.Someareelectricandsomearen’t.Somecontainliveexperimentation,butnotalways.Whilethere’snosimpledefinitionforit,andwhilethere’remanydifferentstylesofjazz,yousimplyknowitwhenyouhearit.[4]Honestly,theonlywaytoknowwhatjazzis,islistentoityourself.Asagreattrumpetplayer,LouisArmstrongsaid,ifyougottaask,you’llneverknow.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman’sstore?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于女士商店的信息。对话开头，女士提到他们是伦敦唯一专门经营爵士乐的唱片店，因此D选项“它只专注于爵士乐”正确。A选项“展出新音乐人才的专辑”最具有干扰性，主要是利用录音中的newmusictalent设干扰，女士只是说他们致力于培养新的音乐人才，在录音室为他们制作专辑，并没有提到她的店展出新音乐人才的专辑，因此A选项错误；B选项“它在伦敦有几家分店”以及C选项“它赞助大型爵士音乐会”在录音中均没有信息提及。

2.Whatdoesthemansayaboutjazzmusic?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于爵士乐，男士说了什么？男士说现在已经没有多少爵士乐的音乐圈子了，意在表达爵士乐不那么流行了。因此A选项“它的市场现在已经萎缩”符合男士的说法。B选项“它起源于牛仔”在录音中没有提及；C选项“它仍然像嘻哈音乐一样广泛传播”，录音说现在大多数年轻人喜欢听流行音乐和摇滚音乐，美国的嘻哈音乐也越来越受欢迎，爵士乐的听众越来越少，因此C选项不正确；D选项“它的听众大多是年轻人”，录音中只是提及年轻人喜欢听流行音乐和摇滚音乐，并没有说爵士乐的听众也是年轻人，因此D选项不正确。

3.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutjazz?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于爵士乐，女士说了什么？女士在回答什么是爵士乐时提到，人们对爵士乐并没有一致的定义，也就是说“爵士乐的定义是多样的，复杂的”，D选项是录音原文的同义转述，因此正确。A选项“它的风格基本上没有变化”，录音提到爵士乐有很多不同的风格，但并未提及风格没有变化，因此A选项不正确；B选项“它仍在进行实验”，利用录音中的experimentation设干扰，录音只是说爵士乐的风格中有些包含现场实验音乐，并不是说音乐在进行实验，因此B选项错误；C选项“它经常伴有歌声”与录音中说的“有些有演唱，但大多数没有”不符，因此错误。

4.Whatshouldyoudotoappreciatedifferentstylesofjazzaccordingtothewoman?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士认为应该怎么做才能欣赏不同风格的爵士乐？录音最后，女士提到，要知道爵士乐是什么，唯一的方法就是自己去听，因此B选项“自己听”正确。A选项“学会演奏”；C选项“上音乐课”以及D选项“咨询爵士音乐家”均未在录音中提及，因此不正确。

6.翻译题

GenerationJoblessThenumberofyoungpeopleoutofworkgloballyisnearlyasbigasthepopulationoftheUnitedStates

"YOUNGpeopleoughtnottobeidle.Itisverybadforthem,"saidMargaretThatcherin1984.Shewasright:therearefewworsethingsthatsocietycandotoitsyoungthantoleavetheminlimbo.

1.Thosewhostarttheircareersonthedolearemorelikelytohavelowerwagesandmorespellsofjoblessnesslaterinlife,becausetheyloseoutonthechancetoacquireskillsandself-confidenceintheirformativeyears.

Yetmoreyoungpeopleareidlethanever.OECDfiguressuggestthat26m15-to24-year-oidsindevelopedcountriesarenotinemployment,educationortraining;thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobhasrisenby30%since2007.TheInternationalLabourOrganisationreportsthat75myoungpeoplegloballyarelookingforajob.WorldBanksurveyssuggestthat262myoungpeopleinemergingmarketsareeconomicallyinactive.Dependingonhowyoumeasurethem,thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobisnearlyaslargeasthepopulationofAmerica(311m).

2.Twofactorsplayabigpart.First,thelongslowdownintheWesthasreduceddemandforlabour,anditiseasiertoputoffhiringyoungpeoplethanitistofireolderworkers.Second,inemergingeconomiespopulationgrowthisfastestincountrieswithdysfunctionallabourmarkets,suchasIndiaandEgypt.

Theresultisan"areofunemployment",fromsouthernEuropethroughnorthAfricaandtheMiddleEasttoSouthAsia,wheretherichworld'srecessionmeetsthepoorworld'syouthquake.TheangeroftheyoungjoblesshasalreadyburstontothestreetsintheMiddleEast.Violentcrime,generallyindeclineintherichworld,isrisinginSpain,ItalyandPortugal—countrieswithstartlinglyhighyouthunemployment.

Willgrowthgivethemajob?

Themostobviouswaytotacklethisproblemistoreignitegrowth.Thatiseasiersaidthandoneinaworldplaguedbydebt,andisanywayonlyapartialanswer.Thecountrieswheretheproblemisworst(suchasSpainandEgypt)sufferedfromhighyouthunemploymentevenwhentheireconomiesweregrowing.

3.Throughouttherecessioncompanieshavecontinuedtocomplainthattheycannotfindyoungpeoplewiththefightskills.Thisunderlinestheimportanceoftwoothersolutions:reforminglabourmarketsandimprovingeducation.Thesearefamiliarprescriptions,butonesthatneedtobedeliveredwithbothanewvigourandanewtwist.

Youthunemploymentisoftenatitsworstincountrieswithrigidlabourmarkets.Cartelisedindustries,hightaxesonhiring,strictrulesaboutfiring,highminimumwages:allthesehelpcondemnyoungpeopletothestreetcomer.SouthAfricahassomeofthehighestunemploymentsouthoftheSahara,inpartbecauseithaspowerfultradeunionsandrigidrulesabouthiringandfiring.Manycountriesintheareofyouthunemploymenthavehighminimumwagesandheavytaxesonlabour.Indiahasaround200lawsonworkandpay.

Deregulatinglabourmarketsisthuscentraltotacklingyouthunemployment.Butitwillnotbeenoughonitsown.Britainhasaflexiblelabourmarketandhighyouthunemployment.Incountrieswithbetterrecords,governmentstendtotakeamoreactiveroleinfindingjobsforthosewhoarestruggling.Germany,whichhasthesecond-lowestlevelofyouthunemploymentintherichworld,paysaproportionofthewagesofthelongtermunemployedforthefirsttwoyears.TheNordiccountriesprovideyoungpeoplewith"personalisedplans"togetthemintoemploymentortraining.ButthesepoliciesaretooexpensivetoreproduceinsouthernEurope,withtheirmillionsofunemployed,letalonetheemergingworld.

4.Acheaperapproachistoreformlabour-hungrybitsoftheeconomv—forexample,bymakingiteasierforsmallbusinessestogetlicences,orconstructioncompaniestogetapprovalforprojects,orshopstostayopenintheevening.

ThegraduateglutAcrosstheOECD,peoplewholeftschoolattheearliestopportunityaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasuniversitygraduates.Butitisunwisetoconcludethatgovernmentsshouldsimplycontinuewiththeestablishedpolicyofboostingthenumberofpeoplewhograduatefromuniversity.InbothBritainandtheUnitedStatesmanypeoplewithexpensiveliberal-artsdegreesarefindingitimpossibletogetdecentjobs.InnorthAfricauniversitygraduatesaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates.

5.Whatmattersisnotjustnumberofyearsofeducationpeopleget,butitscontent.Thismeansexpandingthestudyofscienceandtechnologyandclosingthegapbetweentheworldofeducationandtheworldofwork—forexamplebyupgradingvocationalandtechnicaleducationandbyforgingcloserrelationsbetweencompaniesandschools.Germany’slong-establishedsystemofvocationalschoolingandapprenticeshipsdoesjustthat.Othercountriesarefollowingsuit:SouthKoreahasintroduced“meister”schools,Singaporehasboostedtechnicalcolleges,andBritainisexpandingapprenticeshipsandtryingtoimprovetechnicaleducation.

Closingthegapwillalsorequireachangeofattitudefrombusiness.Somecompanies,rangingfromIBMandRolls-RoycetoMcDonald’sandPremierInn,arerevampingtheirtrainingprogrammes,butthefearthatemployeeswillbepoacheddiscouragesfirmsfrominvestingintheyoung.Therearewaysofgettingaroundtheproblem:groupsofemployerscanco-operatewithcollegestodesigntrainingcourses,forexample.6.Technologyisalsoreducingthecostoftraining:programmesdesignedaroundcomputergamescangiveyoungsterssomevirtualexperience,andonlinecoursescanhelpapprenticescombineon-the-jobtrainingwithacademicinstruction.

Theproblemofyouthunemploymenthasbeengettingworseforseveralyears.Butthereareatlastsomereasonsforhope.7.Governmentsaretryingtoaddressthemismatchbetweeneducationandthelabourmarket.Companiesarebeginningtotakemoreresponsibilityforinvestingintheyoung.Andtechnologyishelpingdemocratiseeducationandtraining.Theworldhasarealchanceofintroducinganeducation-and-trainingrevolutionworthyofthescaleoftheproblem.

【答案】1.那些靠救济金过活的人工资更低，人生后期也会经历更多次的失业，因为他们在性格形成期已经失去了获得技能和自信的机会。

2.有两个因素起了很大作用。首先，西方的长期放缓生产速度减少了对劳动力的需求，年轻人比老员工更容易被解雇。其次，在新兴经济体中，劳动力市场功能失调的国家，如印度和埃及，人口增长却最快。

3.有些公司经历了衰退的整个过程，却仍然抱怨找不到合适的年轻技术工人。这强调了另外两个解决方案的重要性：改革劳动力市场和改善教育。这些措施广为人知，但是要做出这些改革，还需要新的勇气和新策略。

4.更廉价的方法是改革经济中急需劳动力的企业——例如，简化小型企业的注册程序，简化建筑公司招标的审批程序，让商店更容易地在晚上照常营业等等。

5.重要的不仅是人们受教育的年限，还有教育的内容。这意味着扩大科技研究，缩小理论教育和实际用工之间的差距。比如，可以通过升级职业教育和技术教育，将学校和公司更紧密地联系起来等等方式加以实现。

6.应用技术也可以减少培训成本：可将培训设计成电脑游戏，从而让年轻人得到虚拟体验。同时，在线课程可以帮助学徒把在职培训内容与大学课程融合起来。

7.政府正努力解决教育和劳动力市场之间的不匹配问题。公司开始在投资年轻人方面承担起更多的责任。应用某些技术也有助于推行教育和培训的民主化。

7.单选题

GREYINGPOPULATIONSTAYSINTHEPINK

Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent,sayAmericanscientists.Theresultsofa14-yearstudytobeannouncedlaterthismonthrevealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.

Inthelast14years,theNationallong-termHealthCareSurveyhasgathereddataonthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan20,000menandwomenover65.Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.Otherdiseasesofoldage—dementia,stroke,arteriosclerosisandemphysema—arealsotroublingfewerandfewerpeople.

Itreallyraisesthequestionofwhatshouldbeconsiderednormalageing,saysKennethManton,ademographerfromDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina.Hesaystheproblemsdoctorsacceptedasnormalina65-year-oldin1982areoftennotappearinguntilpeopleare70or75.

Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.Buttheremaybeothercontributingfactors.Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.

Onthedownside,thedataalsorevealsfailuresinpublichealththathavecausedsurgesinsomeillnesses.Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.It’snotsurprisingweseesomeeffect.

OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Forexample,65-year-oldwomenwithfewerthaneightyearsofschoolingareexpected,onaverage,toliveto82.Thosewhocontinuedtheireducationliveanextrasevenyears.Althoughsomeofthiscanbeattributedtoahigherincome,Mantonbelievesitismainlybecauseeducatedpeopleseekmoremedicalattention.

Thesurveyalsoassessedhowindependentpeopleover65were,andagainfoundastrikingtrend.Almost80%ofthoseinthe1994surveycouldcompleteeverydayactivitiesrangingfromeatinganddressingunaidedtocomplextaskssuchascookingandmanagingtheirfinances.Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.IfthetrendsapparentintheUnitedStates14yearsagohadcontinued,researcherscalculatetherewouldbeanadditionalonemilliondisabledelderlypeopleintoday’population.AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.

Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.Forinstance,theuseofraisedtoiletseatshasmorethandoubledsincethestartofthestudy,andtheuseofbathseatshasgrownbymorethan50%.Thesedevelopmentsalsobringsomehealthbenefits,accordingtoareportfromtheMacArthurFoundation’sresearchgrouponsuccessfulageing.Thegroupfoundthatthoseelderlypeoplewhowereabletoretainasenseofindependenceweremorelikelytostayhealthyinoldage.

Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning,saysCarlCotman,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.Hefoundthatratsthatexerciseonatreadmillhaveraisedlevelsofbrain-derivedneurotropicfactorcoursingthroughtheirbrains.Cotmanbelievesthishormone,whichkeepsneuronsfunctioning,maypreventthebrainsofactivehumansfromdeteriorating.

Aspartofthesamestudy,TeresaSeeman,asocialepidemiologistattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles,foundaconnectionbetweenself-esteemandstressinpeopleover70.Inlaboratorysimulationsofchallengingactivitiessuchasdriving,thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormonessuchascortisol.Chronicallyhighlevelsofthesehormoneshavebeenlinkedtoheartdisease.

Butindependencecanhavedrawbacks.Seemanfoundthatelderlypeoplewhofeltemotionallyisolatedmaintainedhigherlevelsofstresshormonesevenwhenasleep.Theresearchsuggeststhatolderpeoplefarebestwhentheyfeelindependentbutknowtheycangethelpwhenneedit.

“Likemuchresearchintoageing,theseresultssupportcommonsense,”saysSeeman.Theyalsoshowthatwemaybeunderestimatingtheimpactofthosesimplefactors.“Thesortofthingthatyourgrandmotheralwaystoldyouturnsouttoberightontarget,”shesays.

Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-H,below.Writethecorrectletter,A-Hinboxes1-4onyouranswersheet.

1.Homemedicalaids（）.

2.Regularamountsofexercise（）.

3.Feelingsofcontroloverlife（）.

4.Feelingsofloneliness（）.

问题1选项

A.maycauseheartdisease

B.canbehelpedbyhormonetreatment

C.maycauserisesinlevelsofstresshormones

D.havecosttheUnitedStatesgovernmentmorethan$200billion

E.mayhelppreventmentaldecline

F.maygetstrongeratnight

G.allowoldpeopletobemoreindependent

H.canreducestressindifficultsituations

问题2选项

A.maycauseheartdisease

B.canbehelpedbyhormonetreatment

C.maycauserisesinlevelsofstresshormones

D.havecosttheUnitedStatesgovernmentmorethan$200billion

E.mayhelppreventmentaldecline

F.maygetstrongeratnight

G.allowoldpeopletobemoreindependent

H.canreducestressindifficultsituations

问题3选项

A.maycauseheartdisease

B.canbehelpedbyhormonetreatment

C.maycauserisesinlevelsofstresshormones

D.havecosttheUnitedStatesgovernmentmorethan$200billion

E.mayhelppreventmentaldecline

F.maygetstrongeratnight

G.allowoldpeopletobemoreindependent

H.canreducestressindifficultsituations

问题4选项

A.maycauseheartdisease

B.canbehelpedbyhormonetreatment

C.maycauserisesinlevelsofstresshormones

D.havecosttheUnitedStatesgovernmentmorethan$200billion

E.mayhelppreventmentaldecline

F.maygetstrongeratnight

G.allowoldpeopletobemoreindependent

H.canreducestressindifficultsituations

【答案】第1题:G

第2题:E

第3题:H

第4题:C

【解析】1.根据文章第八段第一句，“Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.”，许多老年人在生活中越来越具独立性，这可能与越来越多地使用简单的家庭医疗设备有关。可判断出家庭的一些医疗设备让老年人变得更加独立。选项G符合题意。

2.根据文章第九段第一句，“Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning…”，每天保持一定程度的锻炼活动可能有助于维持脑力功能。可判断出有规律的锻炼有助于防止脑力衰退。选项E符合题意。

3.根据文章倒数第三段，“Inlaboratorysimulationsofchallengingactivitiessuchasdriving,thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormonessuchascortisol.”，在做驾驶等具有挑战性活动的实验室模拟中，那些感觉能掌控自己生命的人会分泌出如皮质醇之类的较低水平的压力荷尔蒙。可判断出掌控生命的感觉可以使人在困境中减轻压力。选项H符合题意。

4.根据文章倒数第二段第二句，“Seemanfoundthatelderlypeoplewhofeltemotionallyisolatedmaintainedhigherlevelsofstresshormonesevenwhenasleep.”，感到孤独的老年人即使在睡觉时也会保持较高水平的压力荷尔蒙。可判断出孤独感会增加压力荷尔蒙的水平。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Hecouldeasilyhavewonascholarshipifhewouldhavedevotedmoretimetohisschoolwork.

A

B

C

D

问题1选项

A.could

B.havewon

C.wouldhavedevoted

D.hisschoolwork

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。if引导的虚拟语气，对过去情况假设，主句：主语＋would/should/might/couldhave＋动词过去分词，从句：had＋动词过去分词。

试题答案：C;haddevoted

9.单选题

Anearthquakeisashakingoftheground（）whenmassesofrockbeneaththesurfaceoftheearthchangeposition.

问题1选项

A.whichoccurring

B.itoccurs

C.andthereforeoccurring

D.thatoccurs

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项which是多余的，occurring是分词作定语，不需要引导词；B选项it不能引导定语从句；C选项语法混乱；根据语法结构选择D选项“thatoccurs”，whenmassesofrockbeneaththesurfaceoftheearthchangeposition是由that引导的定语从句。句意：地震是一种地面的震动……当地球表面下的大块岩石改变位置。因此答案为D选项。

10.单选题

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing（

）whenintroducedintoanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

问题1选项

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项discharged“排出，卸货”；B选项discarded“丢弃，废弃”；C选项disposed“处理，配置”；D选项dumped“倾销，抛售”。

句意：当一种产品以低于正常价值的价格引进另一个国家时，就被视为倾销。选项D更符合语境。

11.不定项选择题

Untilthetwentiethcentury(1900s),themajorityoftheblackpopulationlivedinthesouthernpartoftheUnitesStates.Thentherewasapopulation_1_tothelargecitiesintheNorth.Prejudice_2_blacksisoften_3_withtheSouth.Slaverywasmorecommonthereanddiscriminationwasusuallymoreblatant(easiertosee):Waterfountains,restrooms,andrestaurantswereoftendesignated“whiteonly”.

IntheNorth,discriminationwasusuallylessobvious,butcertainlyit_4_poorblackneighborhoods,ghettos,inmostlargecities.Thishappenedbecauseofdiscriminationinhousingandthemovementofwhitecity_5_tothesuburbs,oftencalled“whiteflight”.

Inthe1950sand1960s,blacksfoughttogain_6_treatment,andtheynowhavelegalprotection_7_housing,education,andemployment.Becausetheirneighborhoodsaresegregated,manyblacksfeelthateducationalopportunitiesarenot_8_fortheirchildren.Busingchildrenfromoneneighborhoodtoanotherisone_9_toinequalityineducation._10_,allparentswantthebestpossibleeducationfortheirchildren.

问题1选项

A.surge

B.movement

C.change

D.shift

问题2选项

A.toward

B.at

C.against

D.on

问题3选项

A.contributed

B.associated

C.related

D.referred

问题4选项

A.did

B.created

C.resulted

D.led

问题5选项

A.persons

B.citizens

C.residents

D.visitors

问题6选项

A.fair

B.good

C.excellent

D.best

问题7选项

A.with

B.in

C.on

D.at

问题8选项

A.adequate

B.much

C.rich

D.abundant

问题9选项

A.response

B.solution

C.field

D.correspondence

问题10选项

A.Therefore

B.Naturally

C.Consequently

D.Fortunately

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:B

第10题:B

【解析】第1题:考查动词辨析。A选项surge“汹涌：用力向某一特定方向快速移动”；B选项movement“运动，活动”；C选项change“改变”；D选项shift“移动：把某物从一个位置或地方移到另一个位置或地方”。句意：然后人口（）到北方的大城市。前文里面提到黑人主要生活在美国南部，后面说“奴隶制在那里更为普遍，歧视通常更为明显（更容易看到）”再结合第二段开头“在北方，歧视通常不那么明显……”，所以可以判断出应该是南方的黑人转移到了北方，这里不强调是否用特定的方式快速移动，所以A选项错误；且空格后有to，一般shift和to搭配。D选项正确。

第2题:考查固定搭配。句意：关于黑人的偏见总是（）南方。这里的名词Prejudice一般和介词against搭配，所以答案选C。

第3题:考查固定搭配。句意：关于黑人的偏见总是（）南方。空格后面有介词with；选项中能和with搭配的只有B选项，所以答案选B。

第4题:考查上下文语义。A选项did“确实”；B选项created“创造”；C选项resulted“导致”；D选项led“领导”。句意：因为确实，它（）不富裕的黑人邻居以及贫民窟。这里根据上下文意思，北方的歧视虽然不那么明显但是还是存在，所以造成了有贫民窟现象。所以答案选B。Do是助动词不能单独做谓语，所以不选；C选项是不及物动词后面得接介词再接宾语，所以不选；lead单独使用的时候“领导，引领”的意思，leadto才是导致的意思，所以D选项不能选。

第5题:考查名词辨析。A选项persons“人”；B选项citizens“市民，公民”；C选项residents“居民”；D选项visitors“游客”。句意：这是因为住房方面的歧视，以及城市白人（）迁往郊区，这通常被称为“白人外逃”。这里根据上下文词义填“居民”最为合适，所以答案选C，因为空格前面有city修饰，如果再填citizens会造成语义重复，所以B选项不选。

第6题:考查上下文语义。A选项fair“公平的”；B选项good“好的”；C选项excellent“卓越的，杰出的”；D选项best“最好的”。句意：黑人为得到（）对待而战。根据下文中的inequalityineducation可知这里黑人追求的是各个方面的平等。

第7题:考查介词意思。句意：现在他们在住房、教育、工作方面有了法律保证。这里根据句意，这里填的词义应该是“在……方面”，所以答案选B。

第8题:考查形容词辨析。A选项adequate“足够的”；B选项much“大量的”；C选项rich“富有的，肥沃的”；D选项abundant“丰富的”。句意：很多黑人都觉得他们孩子的教育机会不（）。根据上文所描述的，黑人为自己的权利而战，已经取得成效了，但是在教育方面他们觉得他们孩子接受教育的机会不够，所以答案选A；这里所选的词汇要用来修饰opportunity，而C、D选项一般用来形容资源丰富；B选项一般用作副词，也一般不用作表语，所以不能选。

第9题:考查上下文文意。A选项response“反应，回答”；B选项solution“解决方案”；C选项field“领域，场地”；D选项correspondence“通信，一致，相当”。句意：用校车把孩子们从一个社区送到另一个社区是对教育不平等的一种（）。承接上文，黑人因为自己的社区之间隔离起来了觉得自己孩子的教育机会不够，所以用巴士将社区之间连接起来就是解决教育资源不平等的方法了，所以答案选B。其他选项代入句中不符合句意。

第10题:考查副词词义。A选项Therefore“因此”；B选项Naturally“自然而然的”；C选项Consequently“因此，所以”；D选项Fortunately“幸运的”。句意：（），所有的父母都想让他们的孩子接受最好的教育。上句内容是解决教育不平等的方案，这句内容是父母希望孩子接受最好的教育，两句之间不存在因果关系，排除A、C选项；根据句意，排除D选项，所以答案选B。

12.单选题

TheEuropeanunion,inparticular,Germany,aresearchingopportunitiestohelpUkraine（）itseconomy.

问题1选项

A.spray

B.sponsor

C.stiffen

D.stabilize

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项spray表示“喷射”；B选项sponsor表示“赞助，发起”；C选项stiffen表示“变硬，变猛烈”；D选项stabilize表示“稳固，安定”。由句意可知，欧盟，尤其是德国，正在寻找机会帮助乌克兰稳定经济。因此，stabilize的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为D选项。

13.单选题

Thecaptainoftheshipenteredthedetailsinthe（

）.

问题1选项

A.lounge

B.log

C.motel

D.shipwreck

【答案】B

【解析】lounge休息室；log航行日志,记录；motel汽车旅馆；shipwreck海难,遇难船。句意:船长把详细情况写进了航海日志。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

AfamilysquabbleforoneofAsh’sgreatestfortunes（）yesterdayaslawmakersandrelativesofStanleyHo,theMacaocasinotycoon,arguedoverthevalidityofacontroversialsharetransfer.

问题1选项

A.burstopen

B.burstoutopen

C.burstintoopen

D.burstintotheopen

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配burstinto“突然进入……”，选项A和B可排除，into后接一个名词，theopen作名词形式。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

Unenlightenedauthoritarianmanagersrarelyrecognizeacrucialreasonforthelowlevelsofseriousconflictamongmembersofdemocraticallyrunworkgroups:amodicumoftolerancefordissentoftenpreventsrift.

问题1选项

A.demur

B.division

C.compliance

D.discern

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项demur“异议；反对”；B选项division“除法；部门；分配；分裂；分割；赛区”；C选项compliance“顺从，服从；符合；屈从；可塑性”；D选项discern仅可做动词，意为“觉察出；识别；了解；隐约看见；辨别”。句意：不开明的独裁管理者很少意识到民主管理的工作团队成员之间严重冲突程度较低的一个关键原因：对异见的少量容忍往往可以防止出现裂痕。rift“裂缝；不和；裂口”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunare（）off.

问题1选项

A.avoided

B.excluded

C.separated

D.screened

【答案】D

【解析】近义词词义辨析。avoid“避免,躲避”;excluded“排除,驱逐”;separated“分开,隔开”;screen“筛,过滤,屏蔽”。句意:来自外太空的各种宇宙射线透过大气层到达地球,但是太阳所发出的大量辐射都被过滤掉了。选项D符合句意。

17.单选题

DuringtheWorldWarII,theshabbylittlebarsuccessfullyharboredmanyJewswhowouldotherwisehavebeenslaughteredbyHitler.

问题1选项

A.shivered

B.shoveled

C.sheltered

D.shuttled

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。harbor“庇护；怀有”；A选项shiver“颤抖；打碎”；B选项shovel“铲除；用铲挖”；C选项shelter“保护；使掩蔽；庇护”；D选项shuttle“使穿梭般来回移动；短程穿梭般运送”。句意：第二次世界大战期间，这家破旧的小酒吧成功地收留了许多犹太人，否则他们可能会被希特勒屠杀。文中提到“slaughteredbyHitler被希特勒屠杀”，可推知harbored在这里有“庇护”的意思，因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Forcenturiescoalhasbeenoneofthemostimportantfuels,anditstillis,althoughitislessimportantnowthanitoncewas.Otherfuels,notablypetroleumandnaturalgas,arereplacingit.Butcoalisstillwidelyusedfordomesticheatingandinpowerstationsforgeneratingelectricity.Enormousquantitiesofcoalaremadeintogas,andforuseinmetal-smeltingfurnaces,andelsewhere.Andcoalprovidesvaluablerawmaterialsforthechemicalindustry,too.Buthereagain,petroleumandnaturalgasaresupplantingcoal.

Weminecoalfromtheground,justasweminemineralsandores.Thedepositsmaylieonorjustbelowthesurfaceordeepunderground.Itisincoal-miningthatthegreatestadvancesinminingmethodshavetakenplace.Continuousminingmachineshewthecoalfromthecoalface,whereoncetheminersslaved.Lengthyconveyorsystemsconveyawaythehewcoal.Dieselandbatterylocomotiveshaulwagonsalo