考研考博-英语-北京服装学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京服装学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

TheancientforestsofthePacificNorthwestarethelastrelativelyintact“oldgrowth”ecosysteminAmerica.

（1）principallyinnorthernCalifornia,OregonandWashington,theancientforestsareavitalpartofournationalheritage.Today,ourancientforestsarein（2）.Theyarebeingdestroyedatthe（3）rateof60,000acresperyear.Ninetypercentofourancientforestshave（4）.Only10%stillstand.Overcuttingtheseforestsdestroysanecosystemand（5）.Theforestsprovidecleanwaterandair,spawninggroundsforsalmon,abilliondollarperyearfishingindustry,abundantwildlifeand（6）.

ThetimberindustryinthePacificNorthwesthasbeenundergoinga（7）sincetheearly80's—（8）thespottedowlbecameanissue,（9）hasledtosteadilyfallingemployment（10）.Theindustrymodernizedmills,exportedrawlogsoverseas,andabandonedthePacificNorthwesttoother（11）oftheUnitedStates.Thisledtothe（12）ofover26,000timber-relatedjobsinOregonandWashingtonduringthe80's.

Industryclaimsthatenvironmentallawsareto（13）forthedeclineintimberjobsinthePacificNorthwestdonot（14）undercloseexamination.（15）,theindustryitselfisresponsibleformanyofthesejoblosses（16）theovercuttingoftheforestsforthepastdecade,（17）theexportofraw（181）overseas.（19）suchlawsnothingcanbedoneeffectively.ThereasonisthefactthatoneinfourtreescutintheNorthwestisexported（20）anestimated15,000jobs.

问题1选项

A.Scattered

B.Spotted

C.Found

D.Viewed

问题2选项

A.progress

B.jeopardy

C.rise

D.risk

问题3选项

A.astonishing

B.thrilling

C.terrific

D.frightening

问题4选项

A.destroyed

B.beingdestroyed

C.beendestroyed

D.tobedestroyed

问题5选项

A.industry

B.enterprise

C.establishment

D.economy

问题6选项

A.life-lasting

B.fatal

C.mortal

D.lifesaving

问题7选项

A.transition

B.transportation

C.transit

D.transaction

问题8选项

A.beforelong

B.longsince

C.aslongas

D.longbefore

问题9选项

A.ofwhich

B.who

C.inwhich

D.which

问题10选项

A.standards

B.levels

C.layers

D.criteria

问题11选项

A.directions

B.dimensions

C.regions

D.zones

问题12选项

A.gain

B.loss

C.profit

D.wastage

问题13选项

A.blame

B.praise

C.criticize

D.punish

问题14选项

A.holdout

B.holdin

C.holdup

D.holddown

问题15选项

A.Infact

B.Intheory

C.Inpractice

D.Inasense

问题16选项

A.withregardto

B.dueto

C.liableto

D.confirmingto

问题17选项

A.or

B.but

C.if

D.and

问题18选项

A.woods

B.materials

C.logs

D.trees

问题19选项

A.With

B.Without

C.Ratherthan

D.Insteadof

问题20选项

A.costing

B.counting

C.deserving

D.finding

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:C

第10题:B

第11题:C

第12题:B

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:D

第18题:C

第19题:B

第20题:A

【解析】（1）根据上文提到了太平洋西北部的古老森林是美国最后一个相对完整的“古老生长”生态系统,接着提到古老森林是国家遗产的重要组成部分,尤其是分布于加利福尼亚州北部、俄勒冈州和华盛顿州的古老森林。Scatter分散；Spot发现；Found找到；Viewed观察。选项A正确。

（2）根据下句的关键词destroyed可知,现在的古老森林正处于危险之中,首先排除选项A和C；injeopardy比较正式,指暴露在极端危险的情况下,符合原文语境。而risk一般不与介词in搭配。

（3）astonishing惊人的；thrilling毛骨悚然的,兴奋的；terrific可怕的,极好的；frightening令人恐惧的。根据原文,它们正以每年6万英亩的惊人速度被摧毁。选项A更符合原文。

（4）根据原文,90%的古老森林已经被摧毁,只有10%尚且还在。这里的时态应该是现在完成时,森林是被摧毁,用被动语态,所以,选项C正确。

（5）industry工业；enterprise企业,事业；establishment设施；economy经济。根据下文,森林提供干净的水和空气,鲑鱼的产卵地,每年十亿美元的捕鱼业...由此可知,过度砍伐森林是在破坏生态系统和经济。

（6）life-lasting生命持久的；fatal致命的；mortal致死的；lifesaving救命的。根据原文,森林提供干净的水和空气,鲑鱼的产卵地,每年十亿美元的捕鱼业,还有丰富的野生动物,由此生命得以延续。选项A更符合原文。

（7）transition过渡,转变；transportation运输；transit运输,经过；transaction交易,事务。根据原文,自80年代初以来,西北太平洋地区的木材工业一直在经历转型。选项A符合原文。

（8）beforelong不久以后；longsince很久以前；aslongas只要；longbefore很久以前,在...之前。先做完后面的两道题目再回过头来看,答案很明显为D。原文翻译为：早在斑点猫头鹰成为问题之前,木材工业的转型就导致了就业水平的稳步下降。

（9）这里的先行词不是issue,而是前面57题需要选择的transition。Intransition指在过渡时期。这句话的意思是,早在斑点猫头鹰成为问题之前,木材工业的转型就导致了就业水平的稳步下降。

（10）employmentlevels指就业水平。根据原文,这里指木材工业一直在经历转型,导致了就业水平的稳步下降。

（11）directions方向；dimensions规模；regions地区；zones地带。原文的意思是放弃太平洋西北部而转到美国其他地区。选项C正确。

（12）根据上文可知,就业水平在下降,这里应该是2600多个相关的职业消失。wastage指浪费,用在此处不恰当。

（13）betoblamefor指应该为某事负责。这里指工业宣称环境法应该为西北太平洋地区木材就业岗位减少而负责任。

（14）holdout坚持；holdin抑制,约束；holdup举起,拦截；holddown抑制。

（15）根据原文,上文说工业宣称环境法应该负责,而下文说到工业本身才是应该负责的那一方。选项A事实上,符合原文语境。Intheory理论上；Inpractice在实践中；Inasense在某种意义上。

（16）withregardto关于,至于；dueto因为,由于；liableto易于；confirmingto符合,遵循。根据原文,在过去的几十年里,正是由于过度的砍伐森林才导致了许多工作的流失。这里表原因用dueto。

（17）除了过度砍伐,还有将原木出口到国外等原因。这里表递进,用and。

（18）rowlogs指原木,在原文中可以找到答案。

（19）根据原文,如果没有这种法律,做什么都是徒劳的。选项B符合原文。

（20）根据原文,西北地区四分之一的树木被砍伐出口将导致大约1.5万个就业岗位的流失。选项A符合原文。

2.单选题

Theflickerofimpatienceinthehusband'seyesmeltsintobemused_______ashiswifeasksfor"justalittlemoretime"atthemall.

问题1选项

A.resignation

B.regradation

C.retiral

D.reverse

【答案】A

【解析】resignation放弃,顺从;regradation倒退,后退;retiral退休,撤退;reverse相反,倒退。句意：当妻子要求在商场“再多待一会儿”时,丈夫眼中闪现的不耐烦化为了呆滞的放弃。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

TheAmericanRevolutionhadnomedievallegalinstitutionsto（）ortorootout,apartfrommonarchy.

问题1选项

A.discard

B.discreet

C.discord

D.disgorge

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。空格后的or代表并列关系，因此选项应与rootout动词词性相符合。discard“抛弃，丢弃”；discreet“谨慎的”，没有动词用法；discord“不一致”；disgorge“吐出，被迫交出”。句意：除了君主政体，美国革命没有中世纪的法律制度可以废除或……。因此A选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand（）.

问题1选项

A.privileges

B.possibilities

C.possessions

D.preferences

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。privilege“特权”；possibility“可能性”；possession“拥有，财产”；preference“偏爱，优先权”。句意：调查结果描绘了一幅关于顾客购物习惯的独特画面，以及他们的动机和偏好。D项符合题意。

5.单选题

Thegovernmenthastoconsiderwhetherthedestructionofonehumanlifecanbe（）bythehopesofsavingothers.

问题1选项

A.notified

B.specified

C.justified

D.magnified

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项notify“通知”；B选项specify“指定、列举”；C选项justify“证明合法”；D选项magnify“赞美、夸大”，句意为：政府必须考虑，为了拯救他人，毁灭一个人的生命是否可以被证明是合理的。因此选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Complacencyhasledtosomeappallingecological（

）.

问题1选项

A.damages

B.tragedies

C.catastrophes

D.dangers

【答案】C

【解析】查名词辨析。damage意为“损害、毁坏”等时，是不可数名词，意为“价钱、费用”时，是可数名词，意为“赔偿费”时，必须用其复数形式。tragedy意为“悲剧，惨剧”；catastrophe意为“灾难，灾祸”；danger意为“危险”，泛指“危险”时，danger是不可数名词,指具体的“危险、危险物、可能造成损伤、疼痛等的人”时，是可数名词。

句意：自满导致了一些可怕的生态灾难。

7.单选题

He（）himselfbitterlyforhismiserablebehaviorthatevening.

问题1选项

A.repealed

B.resented

C.replayed

D.reproached

【答案】D

【解析】reproachsb.forsth.为某事斥责某人。句意：他为那天晚上的卑鄙行为狠狠地责备了自己。选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

Thenewlyelectedpresidenthas________$13milliontotheautomobileindustryforitssurvival.

问题1选项

A.prepared

B.promised

C.disposed

D.pledged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“准备”；B选项“许下，应允”；C选项“处理”；D选项“保证”。句意：新当选的总统（）花13亿元来拯救汽车产业。根据句意，空格中意思填“保证”最合适，pledge和promise都有保证的意思，但是pledge一般表公开场合的保证，意义比较严肃，promise只是承诺。总统说的保证肯定是比较严肃的，所以答案选D。

9.单选题

Eachoftheearlyarticlesabouttelevisionisinvariablyaccompaniedbyaphotographorillustrationshowingafamilycozilysittingtogetherbeforethetelevisionset.JennysatonMom'slap.BuddyperchedonthearmofDad’schair,DadwithhisarmaroundMon’sshoulder.WhocouldhaveguessesthattwentyorsoyearslaterMomwouldbewatchingadramainthekitchen,thekidswouldbelookingatcartoonsintheirroom,whileDadwouldbetakingintheballgameinthelivingroom?

Ofcoursetelevisionsetswereenormouslyexpensiveinthoseearlydays.Theideathatby1975morethan60percentofAmericanfamilieswouldowntwoormoresetswaspreposterous.Thesplinteringofthemultiple-setfamilywassomethingtheearlywriterscouldnotforesee.Nordidanyoneimaginethenumberofhourschildrenwouldeventuallydevotetotelevision,thecommonuseoftelevisionbyparentsasachildpacifier,thechangestelevisionwouldeffectuponchild——rearingmethods,theincreasingdominationoffamilyschedulesbychildren'sviewingrequirements—inshort,thepowerofthenewmediumtodominatefamilylife.

Afterthefirstyears,aschildren’sconsumptionofthenewmediumincreased,togetherwithparentalconcernaboutthepossibleeffectsofsomuchtelevisionviewing,asteadyrefrainhelpedtosootheandreassureanxiousparents.“Televisionalwaysentersapatternofinfluencethatalreadyexists:thehome,thepeergroup,theschool,thechurch,andculturegenerally.”Writetheauthorsofanearlyandinfluentialstudyoftelevision’seffectsonchildren.Inotherwords,ifthechild’shomelifeisallright,parentsneednotworryabouttheeffectsofallthattelevisionwatching.

Buttelevisiondoesnotmerelyinfluencethechild;itdeeplyinfluencesthe“patternofinfluences’,thatismeanttoameliorateitseffects.Homeandfamilylifehaschangedinimportantwayssincetheadventoftelevision.Thepeergrouphasbecometelevision-oriented,aridmuchofthetimechildrenspendtogetherisoccupiedbytelevisionviewing.Culturegenerallyhasbeentransformedbytelevision.Thereforeitisimpropertoassigntotelevisionthesubsidiaryroleitsmanyapologists(toooftenmembersofthetelevisionindustry)insistitplays.Televisionisnotmerelyoneofanumberofimportantinfluencesupontoday’schild.Throughthechangesithasmadeinfamilylife,televisionemergesastheimportantinfluenceinchildren’slivestoday.

Television’scontributiontofamilylifehasbeenanequivocalone.Forwhileithas,indeed,keptthemembersofthefamilyfromdispersing,ithasnotservedtobringthemtogether.Byitsdominationofthetimefamiliesspendtogether,itdestroysthespecialqualitythatdistinguishesonefamilyfromanother,aqualitythatdependstoagreatextentonwhatafamilydoes,whatspecialrituals，games,recurrentjokes,familiarsongsandsharedactivitiesitaccumulates.

1.ThereasonforwhyearlyillustrationabouttelevisionshowsanentirefamilywatchingTVtogethermightbe（）.

2.Thequotationinthethirdparagraphillustratesthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,televisionbringschangestoallofthefollowingspheresEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatdoestelevisiondotodomesticlifeaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Theaimoftheauthorinwritingthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.thatpeopleregardedTVasameanstobringtogetherthewholefamily

B.thatearlyTVprogramsweresointersectingthateverybodyisthefamilywasattractedtothem

C.thatpeopleatthattimecouldn’timaginethattheycouldaffordmorethanonetelevisionathome

D.thatpeoplehadamoreleisurelylifethantheydonow

问题2选项

A.televisionexertedagreatinfluenceinsociety

B.someauthorswantedtorelievetheparents’worriesaboutthepossiblenegativeeffectoftelevisiononchildren.

C.televisiondidexertabadinfluenceonchildren

D.televisionchangedthealreadyexistedpatternofinfluences

问题3选项

A.technological

B.religious

C.domestic

D.educational

问题4选项

A.Itdestroystheformerlypeacefulenvironmentthatistypicalofafamily.

B.Itisolateseachindividualfamily.

C.Itsharpensthedifferencebetweenonefamilyandanother

D.Itmakesallfamiliesthesameintermsoftheirdomesticactivities

问题5选项

A.inform

B.comment

C.explain

D.changealong-standingview

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Ofcoursetelevisionsetswereenormouslyexpensiveinthoseearlydays.Theideathatby1975morethan60percentofAmericanfamilieswouldowntwoormoresetswaspreposterous(当然，电视机在早期是非常昂贵的。到1975年，超过60%的美国家庭将拥有两套或更多的电视机，这种想法在当时看来是荒谬的)。因此C项“当时，人们无法想象一个家庭拥有一台以上电视机”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。对第三段引号部分内容的理解可参考第三段第一句:Afterthefirstyears,aschildren’sconsumptionofthenewmediumincreased,togetherwithparentalconcernaboutthepossibleeffectsofsomuchtelevisionviewing,asteadyrefrainhelpedtosootheandreassureanxiousparents(后来，随着孩子们对看电视时间的增加，加上家长们担心看这么多电视可能产生的影响，早期有一个很有影响力的关于电视对孩子影响的研究，其作者不断重复的话让很多家长消除了忧虑)。因此选B项“一些作者想消除家长对于看电视会对孩子产生的负面影响方面的担忧”。

第3题:细节事实题。第三段第二句指出:Televisionalwaysentersapatternofinfluencethatalreadyexists:thehome,thepeergroup,theschool,thechurch,andculturegenerally(电视总是会通过进入已经存在的影响模式产生影响：家庭、同龄人群体、学校、教堂和文化)。因此，此题选A项“技术”。

第4题:判断推理题。最后一段指出:ithasnotservedtobringthemtogether,itdestroysthespecialqualitythatdistinguishesonefamilyfromanother(它通过支配家人在一起的时间，毁掉了每个家庭独一无二的特性)。因此D项“使得所有家庭的家庭生活同一化”正确。

第5题:作者意图题。文章主要阐述了现在电视对人类生活产生的影响，如家庭、同龄人群体、学校、教堂和文化等各个方面，因此C项“阐述”正确。

10.单选题

I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

问题1选项

A.takeintoaccount

B.accountfor

C.makeupfor

D.makeout

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项takeintoaccount“考虑、顾及”；B选项accountfor“说明、解释”；C选项makeupfor“补偿、填补”；D选项makeout“理解、辨认”，句意为：我想知道他在当地其他农民和商人中的声望，然后决定是否批准贷款。D选项符合句意，因此选D。

11.单选题

Priortothepurchaseoftheflat,thecouplewantedtomakesurethattheywouldhavecompatibleneighbors.

问题1选项

A.harmonious

B.energetic

C.capable

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项harmonious“和谐的”；B选项energetic“精力充沛的”；C选项capable“有能力的”；D选项harsh“严厉的”。句意：在购买这套公寓之前，这对夫妇想要确保他们有能和谐相处的邻居。划线部分compatible是和谐相处的意思。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingareavailableingrocerystores.

问题1选项

A.ready

B.approachable

C.probable

D.obtainable

【答案】D

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项ready“准备好的，现成的，迅速的”；B选项approachable“可接近的，可到达的，易理解的”；C选项probable“很可能的，可信的”；D选项obtainable“能得到的，能获得的”。句意：现成的方便食品可以在杂货店买到。Available“可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Itisimpossibleforusto（）suchadifficulttaskwithinthelimitedtime.

问题1选项

A.fuel

B.frown

C.fulfill

D.frost

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fuel“供以燃料，推动”。B选项frown“皱眉，不同意”。C选项fulfill“履行，完成”。D选项frost“结霜，冻坏”。句意：我们不可能在有限的时间内完成如此艰巨的任务。因此C选项符合题意。

14.单选题

PresidentBushwarnedCongressonWednesdaythatinactiononhispushto_______SocialSecuritycouldbreedpoliticalrepercussions.

问题1选项

A.accustom

B.formulate

C.overhaul

D.dismantle

【答案】C

【解析】accustom使习惯于；formulate用公式表示，明确地表达；overhaul检查，革新；dismantle拆除，取消。句意：布什总统于星期三对国会发出警告，如果不支持他推动社会保险的全面改革可能会产生政治影响。选项C符合句意。

15.单选题

Socialtensionsamongadultfactionscanbeadjustedbypolitics,butadolescentsandchildrenhavenosuch（）forresolvingtheirconflictwiththeexclusiveworldofadults.

问题1选项

A.attitude

B.mechanism

C.justification

D.opportunity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。attitude态度，看法；mechanism机制，原理，途径；justification理由，辩护。；opportunity机会。nosuch与前半句的politics对应，politics在句中属于解决问题的方法，故后半句用mechanism。答案B。句意：成人派系之间的社会紧张关系可以通过政治来调整，但是青少年和儿童没有这样的（）来解决他们与成人世界的冲突。、

16.单选题

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscase,becausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

问题1选项

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。testify“作证;证明”;charge“充电；控告”；accuse“控告;指控”；rectify“改正”。句意：我是唯一能在该案件中作证的人，因为其他证人都被神秘杀害了。由后半句内容以及witnesses“证人”知A项“作证”正确。

17.单选题

AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.Theexperimentswereconductedbyapsychologist,JohnB.Calhoun,andhisassociates.Ineachoftheseexperiments,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosureandgivenanadequatesupplyoffood,water,andothernecessities.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Heandhisassociatesthencarefullyobservedandrecordedbehaviorintheseoverpopulatedcommunities.Attheendoftheirexperiments,Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.

Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity:Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior:theydidnotbehaveasmotherratsnormallydo.Infact,manyofthepups,asratbabiesarecalled,diedasaresultofpoormaternalcare.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers’care,thepupsdieD.Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.However,theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsideredpathologicallydiseased.

Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdiD.Thefactthatthedominantmaleshadadequatespaceinwhichtolivemayexplainwhytheywerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyoverpopulationastheotherrats.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowdingintheenclosure.

Non-dominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely;theymovedverylittleandateanddrankattimeswhentheotherratsweresleepinginordertoavoidcontactwiththem.Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thissegmentoftheratpopulation,tikealltheotherparts,wasaffectedbytheoverpopulation.Thebehaviorofthenon-dominantmalesandoftheothercomponentsoftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun’sexperiments.InlargeurbanareassuchasNewYork,London,MexicanCity,andCairo,thereareabandonedchildren.Therearecruel,powerfulindividuals,bothmenandwomen.Therearealsopeoplewhowithdrawandpeoplewhobecomehyperactive.Thequantityofotherformsofsocialpathologysuchasmurder,rape,androbberyalsofrequentlyoccurindenselypopulatedhumancommunities.Istheprincipalcauseofthesedisordersoverpopulation?Calhoun'sexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socialscientistsandcityplannershavebeeninfluencedbytheresultsofthisseriesofexperiments.

1.Paragraph1isorganizedaccordingto（）.

2.Calhounstabilizedtheratpopulation（）.

3.WhichofthefollowinginferencesCANNOTbemadefromtheinformationinParA.1.

4.Whichofthefollowingbehaviordidn'thappeninthisexperiment?

5.Themainideaoftheparagraphthreeisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.reasons

B.experiments

C.examples

D.definition

问题2选项

A.whenitwasdoublethenumberthatcouldliveintheenclosurewithoutstress

B.byremovingyoungrats

C.ataconstantnumberofadultratsintheenclosure

D.alloftheabovearecorrect

问题3选项

A.Calhoun'sexperimentisstillconsideredimportanttoday.

B.Overpopulationcausespathologicalbehaviorinratpopulations.

C.Stressdoesnotoccurinratcommunitiesunlessthereisovercrowding

D.Calhounhadexperimentedwithratsbefore.

问题4选项

A.Allthemaleratsexhibitedpathologicalbehavior.

B.Motherratsabandonedtheirpups.

C.Femaleratsshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior

D.Motherratslefttheirratbabiesalone.

问题5选项

A.dominantmaleshadadequatelivingspace

B.dominantmaleswerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowdingastheotherrats

C.dominantmalesattackedweakerrats

D.thestrongestmalesarealwaysabletoadapttobadconditions

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.”中文翻译为：1962年2月，一篇发表在《科学美国人》杂志上的文章报道了一组经典的实验，以确定过量种群对老鼠群落的影响。结合后文，可以得知B选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键字ratpopulation可以定位到文章第一段中“Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.”中文翻译为“然后，他通过移除那些不依赖母亲的后代来稳定人口。”因此B为正确答案。

3.细节事实题。由B项可以定位到文章中“Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindof.socialdisease.”中文翻译为：卡尔霍恩和他的同事能够得出结论，过度拥挤会导致老鼠之间正常的社会关系破裂，这是一种社会疾病。则排除B选项；由C选项可以定位到文章中“Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.”中文翻译为：实验中的老鼠没有与生活在不过度拥挤环境的老鼠一样遵循同样的行为模式。则排除C选项；由D项可以定位到文章中“Calhounknewfromexperience...”中文翻译为：卡尔霍恩从经验中得知……，则排除D选项；可以得知A选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由B项可以定位到文章中“Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups”中文翻译为：母亲们有时会抛弃他们的幼崽……则排除B选项；由C选项可以定位到文章中“Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior”中文翻译为：他们表现出异常的母性行为。则排除C选项；由D项可以定位到文章中“Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.”中文翻译为：在正常情况下，一只老鼠妈妈不会让她的幼崽独自死去。则排除D选项；因此A项“所有雄性大鼠均表现出病态行为”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。根据B项“主导性的雄性老鼠并不像其他大鼠一样严重地受到过度拥挤的影响”可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.”中文翻译为：在大鼠种群中，主导性的雄性种群受到的影响最小。故选B。

18.填空题

ThoseAsianAmericanswhosefamilieshavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesforseveralgenerationsresenttobesingledoutandstereotypedaspartofasupermajority.Theyfeelthattheirachievementsareonlycomparabletowhatother

A

B

C

D

immigrantgroupshavedoneinthepast.

【答案】Btobesingledout改为beingsingledout

【解析】【考查点】动词。

【解题思路】根据短语resentdoingsth.确定此处应为beingsingledout。

【句意】那些已经在美国生活了好几代的亚裔美国人愤恨被孤立出来，并被定义为绝大多数的一部分。他们觉得自己的成就只能与其他移民群体过去的成就相媲美。

19.单选题

MyniecehasbeentoSumatraandIranaswellasallofEurope;bythetimesheistwenty,she（）almosteverywhere.

问题1选项

A.willbe

B.wouldhavebeen

C.willhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我侄女曾经去过苏门答腊岛、伊朗及全欧洲，等到她二十岁吋，她将几乎去过所有地方。

语法题。考查将来完成时。分析句意可知空格处应使用将来完成时:shall/willhave+过去分词,故选C。

20.单选题

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.

问题1选项

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beproneto“易于…，有…的倾向”；bedisposedto“愿意…，使易感染”；beaccessibleto“容易接近的，容易进入的”。句意：医生对于运用激光给心脏病人做手术很感兴趣。A项符合题意。

21.单选题

ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.linthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease“becausewedon’twalkanywhereanymore,”saidDr.H.RichardWeinerman,professorofmedicineandpublichealth.Dr.Weinerman’ssharpcriticismofautomobilecameinadiscussionofhumanenvironmentonYaleReports,aradioprogrambroadcastbyStationWTICinHartford.Connecticut.Theprogramopenedathree-partserieson“StayingAlive”.“Forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,theproblemofman’ssurvivalhastodowithhiscontrolofman-madedangers,”Dr.Weinermansaid.“Beforethis，theproblemhadbeenthecontrolofnaturaldangers.”

Relatingmanyofthesedangersoftheautomobile,ArthurW.Galston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningcarthatwould“lessensmogbyaverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewillingtogiveupmovingaboutthecountrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.“Americaseemsweddedtothemotorcar-everyfamilyhastohaveatleasttwo,andonehastobeaconvertiblewith300horsepower,”ProfessorGalstoncontinued.“Isthisthewayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecherishthesevalues?”

ForPaulB.Sears,professorofconservation,partoftheblamelieswith“asocietythatregardsprofitasasupremevalue，underthefalseideathatanythingthat’stechnicallypossibleis,therefore，ethicallyjustified”.ProfessorSearsalsocalledthecountry’sdependenceonitsmodernautomobile“lousyeconomics”becauseofthelargehorsepowerusedsimply“movingonepersontowork”.ButheagreedthatAmericanshavepaintedthemselvesintoacomerbyallowingthenationaleconomytobecomesoreliantontheautomobileindustry.

AccordingtoDr.Weinerman,automobiles,notthefactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthesmoginAmericancities,andthesmogpresentsthepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,notduetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.“Withinanotherfivetotenyears,it’spossibletohaveanepidemicoflungcancerinacitylikeLosAngeles.Thisisanewphenomenoninhealthconcern,”hesaid.

Thesolution,hecontinued,is“nottofindalessdangerousfuel，butadifferentsystemofinner-citytransportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeenallowedtowitheranddegenerate,sothatifyoucan’twalktowhereyouwanttogo,youhavetohaveacarinmostcities,”heasserted.This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.

1.Themainideaofthisarticleisthat___.

2.InParagraph2,ProfessorGalstonimpliesthat___.

3.Inparagraph3,ProfessorSearsimpliesthat___.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that___.

5.Dr.Weinermanwouldprobablyagreethat___,ifpublictransportationwereimproved.

问题1选项

A.Americansaretooattachedtotheircars

B.Americancarsruntoofastandconsumetoomuchfuel

C.Theautomobileindustryhascausedallthistohappen

D.automobilesendangerboththeenvironmentandpeople

问题2选项

A.peoplearemoreinterestedinfastautomobilesthanintheirhealth.

B.kerosene-burningcarswouldpollutetheenvironmentmoreseriouslythangasoline-burningenginesdo

C.Americansfeelmorecloselyconnectedtotheircarsthantotheenvironment

D.Itisnotrightforeveryfamilytohaveatleasttwocars

问题3选项

A.technologyisalwaysgoodforpeople

B.technologyisnotalwaysgoodforpeople

C.financialprofitismoreimportantthantechnologicaladvancement

D.technologicaladvancementwillimprovefinancialprofit

问题4选项

A.afuellessdangerousthangasolinemustbefound

B.peopleshouldgetridoftheircarsandtakethebustowork

C.publictransportationshouldbeimprovedsothatpeoplecanb