考研考博-英语-北京汇佳职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京汇佳职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthepaint.Greenbuildingscanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses,factories,andoffices.

Buildingsaccountfor65percentoftotalU.Selectricityuse.Butgreenbuildingscanreduceenergyandwateruse.Also,thebuildingsareoftenlocatednearpublictransportationsuchasbusesandsubways,sothatpeoplecandrivetheircarsless.Thatcouldbegoodfortheenvironment,becausecarsuselotsofnaturalresourcessuchasgasoline,andgiveoffpollution.Greenbuildingsareoftenbuiltonpreviouslydevelopedland,sothatthebuildingsdon’tdestroyforestsorotherwildhabitats.

MartyDettlingisprojectmanagerforabuildingthatputstheseideasintoaction.TheSolairehasbeencalledthecountry’sfirstgreenresidentialhigh-risebuilding.AccordingtoDettling,“We’vereducedourenergyconsumptionbyone-thirdandourwaterby50percent.”Noteveryoneisleapingtomoveintoagreenbuilding,however.Somepeoplethinkthatfeaturessuchassolarpanelscostmoremoneythanmoretraditionalenergysources.Despitethis,Dettlinghopesthatgreenbuildingswillbecomecommoninthefuture.“It’sgoingtobebig,”shesaid.

1.Whatdogreenbuildingsrefertonowadays?

2.Theword“Also”(line2,Para.2)isusedto（

）.

3.Intermsoflanduse,greenbuildingsareconstructedby（

）.

4.WhyaresomepeopleNOTsointerestedingreenbuildings?

5.WhatdidMartyDettlingmeanwhenshesaid“It’sgoingtobebig”?

问题1选项

A.Buildingspaintedbygreenhands.

B.Buildingscoveredwithgreenplants

C.Buildingsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.Buildingslikehouses,factories,andoffices.

问题2选项

A.continuethediscussionoftotalU.Selectricityuse

B.expandthetopicofthereductionofenergyandwateruse

C.includethediscussionofpublictransportation

D.shiftthefocustothetopicoftheenvironmentprotection

问题3选项

A.makinguseofthedevelopedland

B.developingnewland

C.clearingthegroundinaforest

D.destroyingwildhabitats

问题4选项

A.Theydonotjumpintoagreenbuilding.

B.Theyfailtomoveintoagreenbuilding.

C.Theythinkthatsolarpanelsarenotsafeenough.

D.Theyfinditmorecostlytoliveinagreenbuilding.

问题5选项

A.Peopleexpectbiggergreenbuildings.

B.Greenbuildingshaveagreatpotential.

C.Greenbuildingswillbelargerinsize.

D.Peopleprefertoliveinbiggerbuildings.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据文章第一段：Greenbuildingscanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses,factories,andoffices.绿色建筑还可以指环保型的房屋、工厂和办公室。确定C选项‘环保型建筑’正确。A选项‘新手刷的建筑’、B选项‘覆盖绿色植物的建筑’、D选项‘类似房屋、工厂和办公室的建筑’与原文不符，排除。

2.根据文章第二段：Butgreenbuildingscanreduceenergyandwateruse.但是绿色建筑可以减少能源消耗，节约用水。...thebuildingsareoftenlocatednearpublictransportationsuchasbusesandsubways：这类建筑通常坐落在离公交车站和地铁等公共交通工具较近的地方。确定是进一步阐述绿色建筑的优点和好处。所以B选项‘展开论述绿色建筑可以减少能源消耗，节约用水这一主题‘正确。A选项‘继续讨论全美国电力使用情况’这个之前已经提到过，排除。C选项‘讨论公共交通’与原文不符。D选项‘变换话题，讨论环境保护’原文未提及。

3.根据文章第二段：Greenbuildingsareoftenbuiltonpreviouslydevelopedland,sothatthebuildingsdon’tdestroyforestsorotherwildhabitats.绿色建筑通常是建在原来己开发过的土地上，从而可以避免破坏森林或者其他野生栖息地，确定选项A‘利用已开发的土地‘正确。

4.根据文章最后一段：Somepeoplethinkthatfeaturessuchassolarpanelscostmoremoneythanmoretraditionalenergysources.—些人认为太阳能电池板的成本远高于传统能源，确定选项D‘他们发现生活在绿色建筑中的生活成本太高‘正确。A选项‘他们不能一头扎进绿色建筑中’、B选项‘他们没能搬进绿色建筑内’、C选项‘他们认为太阳能电池板不够安全‘原文都未提及，排除。

5.根据文章最后一段：Despitethis,Dettlinghopesthatgreenbuildingswillbecomecommoninthefuture.尽管一些人认为太阳能电池板的成本远高于传统能源，但是德特林希望绿色建筑在未来能够普及。确定B选项‘绿色建筑有很大的发展潜力‘正确。A选项’人们希望更大的绿色建筑‘、C选项’绿色建筑在规模上将更大‘、D选项’人们喜欢住更大的房子‘文章都没有提及，排除。

2.单选题

Ourcountryhasgrownrichbecauseofits（

）withothernations.

问题1选项

A.intercourse

B.business

C.commerce

D.interaction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。intercourse意为“交流，交往”；business意为“商业，交易”；commerce意为“(尤指国际间的)贸易，商业”；interaction意为“相互影响，交互作用”。

句意：我国通过与其他国家的贸易往来富起来了。

3.单选题

Iremember（

）thedoorbeforeIwenttobed.

问题1选项

A.locking

B.tolock

C.tohavelocked

D.beinglocked

【答案】A

【解析】考查remember的用法。“remembertodosomething”记得要做某事却没做；“rememberdoingsomething”记得做过某事。句意：我记得睡之前锁了门。如果B项正确，那么C项也对。D项是一种被动的表达，排除。故答案A。

4.单选题

Thegreatestdevastationofoldageisthelossofmentalfaculties,andwiththeneardoublingoflifeexpectancyinthepastcenturyhascomethemixedblessingoflivinglongerandlosingmore.Afewgreatthinkersandartistsremainedproductiveintheirlateryears—Galileo,Monet,Shaw,Stravinsky,Tolstoy—buteventheywerenotwhattheyhadbeenintheirprimes.Inscience,theboomfallssoonerstill:“personwhohasnotmadehisgreatcontributiontosciencebeforetheageof30willneverdoso,”saidEinstein.

Imagineifwecouldtransplantoldbrainsintoyoungerbodies:wouldourmindsstayyoung,orwouldwebesenileteenagers,scalingmountainsandskateboardingat120,butforgettingwhereweputthecarkeys?Isthebrainuniquelyvulnerabletotheravagesoftime?Cananythingbedone?

Incontrovertibleevidencefrommanystudiesshowsthatahigherlevelofeducationandgreatermentalactivitythroughoutlifecorrelatewithlowercognitivelossesinoldage.Thesebenefitsapplytoallsortsofcognitivelosses,includingthoseassociatedwithAlzheimer’s.Someresearchersbelievethatmentalapplicationinearlylifeproducescomplexneuralconnectionsthatprovideareservelateron

othersarguethateducationmerelygivespeoplethemeanstocopewithandcompensatefortheirlosses.

K.WarnerSchaie,aprofessorofhumandevelopmentandpsychologyatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,hasstudiedage-relatedchangeinmorethan5,000people,someformorethan40years.Comparingearlierwithlaterrecruits,Mr.Schaieconcludesthattherateofmentaldeclineisslowing，achangeheattributestobettereducation,healthierdiet,lessenedexposuretoseriousdisease,andmorementalactivity.“You’vegottopractice,”Mr.Schaiesays,“Ifyoudon’tsolveproblems,younolongercansolveproblems.”Retirementcanbeparticularlyhard,headds,becauseformanypeople,workistheirmostchallengingactivity.“Retirementisgoodforpeoplewho,vehadroutinejobs—theymayfindsomethingmorestimulating.Butit’sdisadvantageousforpeopleinhigh-leveljobs,whoarelesslikelytofindsomethingasstimulatingasthejobtheyhad.”

K.AndersEricsson,apsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,confirmsMr.Schaie’semphasisonthevirtueofpractice.Initiallyinterestedinexpertperformerslikemusicians,hefoundthatmanyostensiblegeniusesaren’treallysodifferentfromeveryoneelse—theyjustpracticeharderandlonger,benefitingfromsheerlabor,ratherthanfromsomespecialgift.Professionalmusicianswhocontinuetopracticeassiduouslyastheyagecontinuetoplaywell,whileamateurswhojustplayforpleasureshowage-relateddeclines.

Mr.Ericsson’sstudiesfailedtoshowsignificantgeneralizedbenefitsfrommentalexercise.“Ifyouplaytennis,youimproveyourgeneralfitness,butthegreatestimprovementisspecifictotennis,nottoothersports.It’sthesamewithcognitiveexercise.Youhavetolookatyourlifeandpickwhatyouwanttoimprove.”

1.Accordingtothetext,mostgreatthinkersandartists（

）

2.Thethirdpassagetellsusthathigherlevelsofeducation（

）.

3.Inthistexttheauthor’smainintentisto（

）.

4.Retirementcanbegoodforpeoplewho（

）.

5.Thelastparagraphtellsusthatmentalexercise（

）.

问题1选项

A.wereproductiveevenintheirlateryears

B.weremostsuccessfulbeforetheageof30

C.madecontributionsregardlessofage

D.contributedthemostbeforeoldage

问题2选项

A.canhelppreventAlzheimer’s

B.arerelatedtogreatermentalawarenessinyouth

C.arerelatedtolowerlevelsofmentaldeclineinoldage

D.areonlyofmanyfactorsthatcanslowtherateofmentaldecline

问题3选项

A.underscorethedifficultiesrelatedtoaging

B.critiquedifferenttheoriesofmentaldeclineinoldage

C.arguethatoldageneednotbeabarriertogreataccomplishments

D.understandhowpeoplecancountertheimpactsofagingonmentalfaculties

问题4选项

A.havealwayshadverybusyworklives

B.canfindmorestimulatingactivitiesthantheyhadthroughwork

C.havehadhigh-leveljobsorverystimulatingworkexperiences

D.havepreviouslyhadunsatisfyingworkexperiences

问题5选项

A.offersbenefitsspecifictothatkindofexercise

B.shouldbepairedwithphysicalexerciseformaximumbenefit

C.iscomparabletophysicalactivitiesintermsofitsimportancetooverallhealth

D.cancounterage-relatedmentaldecline

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句提到很少的思想家和艺术家在他们晚年依然保持创造力，比如伽利略，莫内，肖恩等，但是远远不及他们的壮年时期。选项D符合题意。

2.文章第三段第一句话Incontrovertibleevidencefrommanystudiesshowsthatahigherlevelofeducationandgreatermentalactivitythroughoutlifecorrelatewithlowercognitivelossesinoldage。选项C的表述与之相近，所以符合题意。

3.文章在第一段提出年老会使人智力下降，接着列举了几位研究人员关于这个问题的研究，主要关于老年脑力和认知能力衰退的情况，还有受教育程度和工作种类对智力衰退的影响。A、C两个选项很容易排除；文章并没有将重点放在如何解决年老带来的问题，所以D选项也排除。选项B符合题意。

4.文章第四段Retirementisgoodforpeoplewho’vehadroutinejobs—theymayfindsomethingmorestimulating.选项B的描述与之相近，所以符合题意。

5.文章最后一段第一句话提到研究并不能表明脑力锻炼能够产生全面的好处。之后举打网球的例子进一步说明脑力锻炼只能获得与此锻炼相关联的好处，选项A与此信息一致。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Theopportunitywasalmost（

）grabbed.

问题1选项

A.toogoodtobe

B.toogoodnottobe

C.sogoodtobe

D.toogood

【答案】B

【解析】句意:该机会几乎太好了，不可能不被抓住。

固定搭配。too+形容词或副词+nottobe太……不可能不。

6.单选题

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull______.

问题1选项

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项capacity“能力、容量、资格”；B项strength“力量、力气”；C项length“长度”；D项possibility“可能性”；句意：不外出工作的家庭主妇感觉家务活不能让她们完全施展自己的能力。worktoone’scapacity“充分发挥才能”；因此该题A项正确。

7.单选题

Thechieffoodseateninanycountrydependlargelyon______bestinitsclimateandsoil.

问题1选项

A.itgrows

B.whatgrows

C.doesitgrow

D.whatdoesitgrow

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法。dependon后面应该接宾语从句。A选项缺少that引导宾语从句；B选项刚好与后面内容组成宾语从句；C和D都是疑问句式，不能选；句意：一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。因此，该题正确答案为B。

8.单选题

Histestimonyisofno____tothecase.

问题1选项

A.relevance

B.relation

C.substance

D.connection

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.relevance相关性B.relation关系

C.substance根据D.connection关联

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】原句句意为“他的证词与此案没有____”，根据选项推测，原句想表达的是“没有关系；不相关”，即他的证词与这个案件不相关，对这个案件没有帮助，A选项relevance“相关性”，最符合要求。某物与某一情境的相关性（relevance）是指它对该情境的重要性或意义。

【干扰项排除】

B选项relation“关系”，侧重于指两者之间的关系，比如艺术与生活之间的关系；

C选项substance“根据”，不符合原句语义衔接；

D选项connection“关联”，与relation相似，侧重于指两者之间的关系。

【句意】他的证词与此案并不相关。

9.单选题

Dogsareoftenpraisedfortheir（）theyalmostneverabandontheirmasters.

问题1选项

A.faith

B.loyalty

C.trust

D.truthfulness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。faith“信仰，信念”；loyalty“忠实，忠心”；trust“信任，信赖”；truthfulness“坦率，正当”。句意：狗经常因其对主人忠实而受到表扬，他们几乎从不会抛弃他们的主人。由后半句句意可知B项符合题意。

10.单选题

ThesmallJacksonisnot（

）now,buthewillbefamoussomeday.

问题1选项

A.magnificent

B.prominent

C.dominant

D.significant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。magnificent意为“壮丽的，宏伟的”；prominent意为“突出的，杰出的”；dominant意为“占优势的”；significant意为“重要的”。

句意：小杰克逊现在还不出名，但总有一天他会出名的。

11.单选题

TheUnitedStatesisconfrontedbymanyeconomicproblems—forexample,inflation,unemployment,pollution,poverty,decliningproductivity,andrapidlyincreasingenergycost.Inrecentyears,Americanshavebecomeincreasinglyawareofthefundamentaleconomicproblemfacinghumanity;scarceresourceswithwhichtomeettheneedsofevergrowingnumbersofpeople.Forallpracticalpurposes,humanwantsmayberegardedaslimitless.Scarcityhasalwaysbeenofmajorconcerntoeconomists.

Agivenquantityofresourcesusedtomeetoneneedcannotsimultaneouslybeusedtomeetanother.Achoicemustbemade:Whichneedwillprevail?Whatwillbeproduced?Fillingoneurgentneedoftenmeanssacrificingtheopportunitytosatisfyanother.Hence,theveryimportanteconomicconceptofopportunitycostarises.Everytimeoneisforcedbyscarcitytomakeachoice,oneisincurring（承受）opportunitycosts.Thesecostsaremeasuredintermsofforgone（放弃的）alternatives.

Howarethese,difficultchoicesofprioritiesandforgoneopportunitiesarrivedatinasociety?Theanswertothisquestionisthesubjectmatterofmicroeconomic,orthestudyofresourceallocationamongindividualsectorsadgroupswithintheeconomicsystem.Microeconomics,analysisdealswiththeprinciplesandguidelinesthathelpdeterminewhatandhowmuchisproduced,themethodofproductionused,andthedivisionoftheresultingoutput（asincome）amongthemembersofthesociety.Thecombinedeffectofalltheseindividualdecisionsprovidestheanswertothemacroeconomicquestionsofwhetherthereisfullemployment,whetherpricesingeneralarerising,andwhethertheeconomyasawholeisgrowing.

Itisimportanttounderstandfromtheverystorythateconomicsisregardinggovernmenteconomicpolicymaking,policymakers（usuallyelectedofficials）causethegovernmenttointervene（ornottointervene）intheeconomyaccordingtocertainpolitical,social,oreconomicgoalswithwhicheconomistsmayormaynotagree.Theeconomist’srolethenistopointoutthefulleconomiceffectsofsuchactionssothatpolicydecisionscanbemademoreintelligently.

1.Thefundamentalproblemofeconomicsis,inshort,（）.

2.Opportunitycost（）.

3.Evengovernmentpolicymeasureshave“opportunitycosts”whichmeans（）.

4.Thecausesofgeneralunemploymentandinflationaretopicsstudiedin（）.

5.Economicanalysisofapolicyproposalusuallydoesnotallow（）.

问题1选项

A.toomanypoorpeople

B.findingjobsforall

C.thescarcityofresourcesrelativetowants

D.constantlyrisingprices

问题2选项

A.ismeasuredbyhowmuchofonecommodityyouhavetoforgoinordertogetsomestatedamountofanothercommodity

B.measureshowmanydifferentopportunitiesyouhavetospendyourmoney

C.measuresopportunitiesintermsoftheirrelativeprices

D.isalwaysthesameasmoneycost

问题3选项

A.highertaxeswillbenecessary

B.movingtowardonepolicygoalmayrequiremovingawayfromanotherpolicygoal

C.governmentactionisusuallyinefficient

D.governmentactionprovidesnewopportunities

问题4选项

A.resourceallocation

B.macroeconomics

C.opportunitycast

D.productionpossibilities

问题5选项

A.estimationofthecostsoftheproposal

B.determinationofwhetheraparticularpolicymeasurewillcontributetoitsstatedgoal

C.considerationofthesideeffectsofthepolicy

D.a“scientific"choicebetweenalternativegoal

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“Inrecentyears,Americanshavebecomeincreasinglyawareofthefundamentaleconomicproblemfacinghumanity;scarceresourceswithwhichtomeettheneedsofevergrowingnumbersofpeople.近年来，美国人越来越意识到人类面临的根本经济问题——用来满足日益增长的人口所需求的资源很稀缺。可知经济的根本问题是资源稀缺。故C项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第二段“Hence,theveryimportanteconomicconceptofopportunitycostarises.Everytimeoneisforcedbyscarcitytomakeachoice,oneisincurringopportunitycosts.Thesecostsaremeasuredintermsofforgonealternatives.因此，机会成本这一非常重要的经济学概念应运而生。每一次，当一个人因为稀缺而被迫做出选择时，他就会付出机会成本。这些成本是用放弃的替代品来衡量的。”可知机会成本是指放弃一些替代品来衡量的。故A项正确。

3.推理判断题。题干意为“甚至政府的政策措施也存在机会成本”意味着什么？这道题主要考查对机会成本的理解，上一题已经得知机会成本表示放弃一些替代品。纵观四个选项，只有B项“朝着一个政策目标前进可能需要远离另一个政策目标”符合机会成本的含义。故B项正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干定位到第三段Thecombinedeffectofalltheseindividualdecisionsprovidestheanswertothemacroeconomicquestionsofwhetherthereisfullemployment,whetherpricesingeneralarerising,andwhethertheeconomyasawholeisgrowing.所有这些个人决策的综合效应为宏观经济问题提供了答案，这些问题包括:是否存在充分就业，总体物价是否在上涨，以及整体经济是否在增长。可知失业，通货膨胀是宏观经济的研究范畴。故B项正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段Theeconomist’srolethenistopointoutthefulleconomiceffectsofsuchactionssothatpolicydecisionscanbemademoreintelligently.因此，经济学家的作用是指出这些行动的全部经济影响，以便更明智地作出决策。可知经济学家只是指出政策可能带来的经济影响，最终做决策的人是政策制定者。故D项不是经济学家要做的事。ABC三项都是经济学家该做的事。

12.单选题

Noonecouldcomeupwithaneasysolutiontothegovernment'spredicament

—labor（）whichiscausedbytheworldfinancialcrisis.

问题1选项

A.decline

B.shortage

C.rarity

D.vacancy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline“下降；衰退”；shortage“缺乏；不足”;rarity“罕见；珍贵”；vacancy“空缺，空白”。根据government’spredicament“政府困境”与financialcrisis“经济危机”，可知空格处是要表达“劳动力短缺”的意思，选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Aswemoveintothe21stcenturytheconceptofreadingwasrecognizedbymostasinvolvingamuchmorecomplexsetofskillsthanhadbeenunderstoodinthepast.Today'sculturerequiresreaderstobeablenotonlytoreadforpleasureandinformationbuttoaskquestionsofthetext,torecognizehowthewritertriestopositionthereader,andtobecomewhatiscalleda“critical”reader.

ThesimpleVenndiagramthathadbeenusedtodepictthelanguagecueingsystemsintheageofmakingmeaning(Figurebelow)hasevolvedtoamorecomplexdiagramthatincludestheimpactofcultureandcontextonareaderaswellastherolesthatthereadermusttakeoninordertobeeffective.

Readingandtheteachingofreadinghavebecomemorecomplexandreachoutacrossawiderandwideraudience,sothatwenowacceptthatwearelifelonglearnersofreading—or,tobemoreprecise,ofliteracy.Weacceptthatwewilllearnnewskillsinnewcontexts.ItisaK-adultcurriculumnow.

However,itisanagewhenpoliticsandpoliticianshavetakencontroloftheliteracyagenda.Thisisnotsurprising,asthosewhodon'thavehighlevelsofliteracyaremorelikelytoendup’onsomesortofsocialsupportandthusareviewedasa“burden”tosociety.So,inordertosavemoneyinthelong-term,”itseemspoliticianshaveagreedthatliteracybeginsintheearlyyears.Andtheyarefinallypreparedtosupportthisconcept.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acriticalreadershouldbeableto（

）.

2.Fromthecontextofthepassagewecaninferthepossiblemeaningof“K-adultcurriculum(Paragraph3)”as

（

）.

3.Inthediagramwecaninferthatthefeaturesoftextanalystpracticesmainlyinvolves（

）.

问题1选项

A.appreciateandinterpretthereadingsholisticallyinvariousdimensionsandapproaches

B.evaluatethepassagewithculturalbackgroundandcontext

C.readandapprehendtheinformationofthepassageswithvariousandcomprehensivetechniquesofreading

D.deductthethemeofpassagewithneutralandcriticalview

问题2选项

A.acurriculumofreadingcoursewithcomprehensiveskillsforadultlearners

B.acourseplanwithcombinationskillsofbothcultureandcontextinterpretationinreading

C.alifelongreadingteachingschedulefromchildhood(Kindergarten)toadulthood

D.areadingcourseplanwithvariousknowledgeforadultreader

问题3选项

A.clearseparationfromcodebreakerpracticesbutcloserelationwithtextuserpractices

B.thegraphophonic,semanticandsyntacticcuesandrelatedtothetextuserpracticesandotherreadingpracticesatfoundationportions

C.thestudyofsemanticandsyntacticcharactersbutlessofgraphicandphoneticelementsaboutthepassages

D.mainlysyntacticcueswhichseemsnottoberelatedtocodebreakerpractices

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段：“Today'sculturerequiresreaderstobeablenotonlytoreadforpleasureandinformationbuttoaskquestionsofthetext,torecognizehowthewritertriestopositionthereader,andtobecomewhatiscalleda“critical”reader.今天的文化要求读者不仅能够阅读快乐和信息，而且能够对文本提出问题，认识到作者试图给读者定位的方式，并成为所谓的“批判性”读者。”可知C项“运用多种多样的综合阅读技巧，阅读和理解文章中的信息”正确，A项“从不同的角度和方法全面理解阅读材料”；B项“用文化背景和语境来评价文章；C项“运用多种多样的综合阅读技巧，阅读和理解文章中的信息”；D项“以中立和批判的观点演绎文章的主题”。

2.判断推理题。定位到第三段:wenowacceptthatwearelifelonglearnersofreading—or,tobemoreprecise,ofliteracy…我们现在承认，我们是阅读的终生学习者，或者更准确地说，是读写能力的终生学习者。可知C项“从儿童(幼儿园)到成人的终身阅读教学计划”正确。

3.细节事实题。定位到第二段“ThesimpleVenndiagramthathadbeenusedtodepictthelanguagecueingsystemsintheageofmakingmeaning(Figurebelow)hasevolvedtoamorecomplexdiagramthatincludestheimpactofcultureandcontextonareaderaswellastherolesthatthereadermusttakeoninordertobeeffective.简单的维恩图被用来描述语言提示系统（下图）制造时代的含义已经进化到更复杂的图,包括文化和语境的影响读者以及读者的角色必须是有效的。”可知B项“在基础部分，与文本用户实践和其他阅读实践相关的书面、语义和语法线索”正确。

14.单选题

Hecould（）shadowyfigureofamanstandingamongthetrees.

问题1选项

A.disguise

B.discern

C.disinterest

D.discover

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项disguise“掩饰；假装”；B选项discern“察觉出；识别”；C选项disinterest“使不关心；使没兴趣”；D选项discover“发现；发觉”。句意：他能够……站在树与树之间的人的模糊身影。根据关键词shadowyfigureofaman“一个人的模糊身影”，在句中他有这个能力识别出那个模糊的身影。因此B选项符合题意。

15.单选题

IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies’livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990s,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedstateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl,whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcutters—andtheowls—wasstillundecidedinmid-1992.

Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished;withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.

Manyofthechanges,toEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplantofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth’sozonelayer,forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingEarth’sbiologicaldiversityisacomplexproblem.Butsolutionstohumanity’scurrentproblemswillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'scomplexweboflife.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversialissue?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests（

）.

3.Amonghumanity’scurrentproblem,thechiefconcernofthescientistis（

）.

4.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.Becausepeoplecan'tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.

B.Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.

C.Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.

D.Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.

问题2选项

A.mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitstightagainstpoverty

B.benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountries

C.shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulation

D.willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries

问题3选项

A.theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountries

B.theexplosionofthehumanpopulation

C.thereductionofbiologicaldiversity

D.theeffectofglobalwarming

问题4选项

A.todescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanity’scurrentproblems

B.topointoutthedifferentviewsonhumanity'scurrentproblems

C.toanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanity'scurrentproblems

D.topresentthathumanity’scurrentproblemscanonlybesolvedthroughthecooperationofnations

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.（这种未可预料的形势把环境保护者的利益与公司的利益以及要承受失业的个人的利益对立起来）可知C选项“因为它影响到某些群体的利益”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished;withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.（但是，随着人口快速增长，开垦土地以暂时避免贫苦和饥荒恶化，发展中国家可能会因此一贫如洗）可知A选项“可能会妨碍发展中国家与贫穷作斗争”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Manyofthechanges,toEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplantofitsbiologicalrichness.（对地球而言，许多与科学家有关的变化都有可能夺去植物的生物多样性）可知C选项“生物多样性的减少”符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的Butsolutionstohumanity’scurrentproblemswillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'scomplexweboflife.（但是，解决人类当前的问题，只有通过协调一致的国际努力来控制人类人口，稳定大气层的组成，并保存完整的地球复杂的生命网）可知D选项“表达现在人类当前的问题只有通过各国的合作才能解决”符合题意。

16.单选题

（

）hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhis

assignment.

问题1选项

A.Muchthough

B.Muchas

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句。as可以引导原因状语从句，though不能引导原因状语从句。as引导原因状语的时候进行倒装，much是用来修饰want的程度副词

句意：因为周末他很想跟他的朋友出去玩，所以他不得不留下来完成作业。

17.单选题

Heisholding（

）apositioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.

问题1选项

A.subordinate

B.succeeding

C.successive

D.subsequent

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。subordinate从属的，下级的；succeeding随后的，接着的；successive连续的，交替的；subsequent随后的。根据下句“expectstobepromotedsoon”希望不久能得到提升，说明他在公司担任下级的职务，所以选项A符合句意。

18.单选题

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（

）?

问题1选项

A.ingredients

B.components

C.elements

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】ingredient成分，配料，原料；component组件，元件；element元素，要素；compound化合物；混合物。句意：为什么素食餐厅的菜除了配料外，其他各个方面都像肉？选项A符合语境。

19.单选题

Incontrasttorockmusicians,jazzplayersprefertospendtheirtimewiththeirmusicandtendtomeasuresuccessbythatsinglestandard,asatrombonistonceputit:“Ajazzmusicianwouldratherplayagoodconcertforthreepeoplethanabadoneforthreethousand.”Allthesame,withtheirfellowplayers,jazzmenarecollegiateandgregarious,exchangemusicalideasinaspiritofmutualsupportorfriendlycompetition,unitinginacollaborativeefforttoraisetheleveloftheirart.Eventhegreatestindividualshavebenefitedfromthetalentsofothers.

Inthislegendaryband,DukeEllingtonprovidedstarsoloistswiththeidealframeworkfortheirabilities.Atthesametime,theyinspiredhimwiththerichmaterialoftheirpersonalidiomsandphrases,whichfoundtheirwayintohiscompositions.Infact,Ellingtonwassoadeptatrecyclingwhatheheardthatoneofthemdescribedhimas"notacomposerbutacompiler".

Ellington'