考研考博-英语-南京艺术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京艺术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theoutlyingislandthatbelongstothis______metropolisisanoasiswheregreenprevailsandtraditionsholdfast.

问题1选项

A.bustling

B.whistling

C.ruffling

D.rustling

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。bustling“繁华的”；whistling“发出口哨声的”；ruffling“弄皱”；rustling“沙沙作响的”。句意：属于这座繁华都市的边远岛屿是一片绿洲，到处都是绿色，传统风格盛行。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Whileotherssatathomestudyingpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoaboatandmade（）observations.

问题1选项

A.of-the-spot

B.in-the-spot

C.on-the-spot

D.at-the-spot

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配题。on-the-pot指"立即,当场"。句意：当其他人坐在家里研究这一课题的论文时，Jefferson上了一艘船并进行了现场观察。

3.单选题

Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.

问题1选项

A.case

B.accordance

C.place

D.charge

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith为固定搭配，表示“依照，与...一致”。

4.单选题

Economistssaidthattheirsmoothgrowththisyearwassuspiciousbecausetheywereso（

）othereconomicindicators.

问题1选项

A.inlinewith

B.inexcessof

C.atoddswith

D.inproportionto

【答案】C

【解析】考察介词辨析。inlinewith符合，与……一致；inexcessof超过，较……为多；atoddswith与……不一致，差异；inproportionto成比例。句意：经济学家们说今年的经济平稳增长是可疑的，因为今年的经济发展与其他经济指数存在很大的差异。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Thequestionofwhatmotivatesaconsumertobuychallengestheimaginationandingenuityofthesellerandpressesresearchspecialistsforwardintonewfieldsofinvestigation.

问题1选项

A.genius

B.novelty

C.tactic

D.spark

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。ingenuity表示“心灵手巧，独创性，足智多谋”；A项genius“天才，天赋，精神”，B项novelty“新奇，新奇的事物”，C项tactic“策略，战略”，D项spark“火花，电火花”。句意：关于消费者购买的动机是什么的问题挑战了卖家的想象力和创造力，并迫使研究专家进入新的调查领域。根据句意可知ingenuity在句中表示“创造性”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.翻译题

从20世纪40年代中期起，人类已经制造出上千种农药，普遍用于农场、花园和森林，以消灭昆虫和杂草。本来它们的最初目的是杀死几种杂草和几种昆虫，但是却造成了现在这样严重的后果：鸟儿不再唱歌，鱼儿不再跳跃，树叶蒙上了一层毒药，土壤中长期存留大量有毒物质。

【答案】Sincethemid-1940s,thousandsofpesticideshavebeencreatedtokillinsectsandweedsonfarms,gardensandforests.Theiroriginalpurposewastokillafewweedsandafewinsects,buttheresultisnowsoseriousthatbirdsnolongersing,fishnolongerjump,theleavesarecoatedwithpoison,andthesoilispermanentlyrichintoxicsubstances.

7.单选题

IamconfidentthatI’llprovetobeatremendous____toyourcompany.

问题1选项

A.possession

B.asset

C.property

D.assumption

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.possession所有物；拥有B.asset有价值的人或事物

C.property财产D.assumption（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得

【答案】B

【考查点】语义衔接与名词辨析

【解题思路】原句句意为“我相信我将成为贵公司的宝贵的____。”由此可知，空格所填的词指的是“我”这个人。因此，B选项asset“（~tosb/sth）有价值的人或事物”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项possession“所有物；拥有”，侧重于指个人财产或私人物品，或者inpossessionofsomething指拥有某物的状态；

C选项property“财产”，指个人或团体合法拥有的财产，包括动产与不动产；

D选项assumption“（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得”，不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】我相信我将成为贵公司的宝贵财富。

8.单选题

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir______.

问题1选项

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.backs（人体或动物的）背部，背B.necks颈，脖子

C.toes脚趾D.heels足跟，脚后跟

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意“小偷逃跑了，当地警察______”可知，警察对小偷是紧跟不舍，根据close可以推知空格处表示“紧跟”的意思，而onone’sheels也是常用搭配，表示“紧跟”，所以该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A、B项不符合句意；

C选项“toes”构成固定搭配onone’stoes“警觉的；作好行动准备的”不符合句子逻辑关系，排除。

【句意】小偷逃跑了，当地警察紧追不舍。

9.单选题

Whenpeopleareaskedwhatkindofhousingtheyneedorwant,thequestion（）avarietyofanswers.

问题1选项

A.defies

B.magnifies

C.mediates

D.evokes

【答案】D

【解析】句意:当人们被问及他们需要或想要什么样的住房时，这个问题引起了各种各样的回答

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的三单形式。defy藐视；公然反抗；挑衅；magnify放大：赞美；夸大;mediate调停；evoke引起；唤起。该动词的宾语是avarietyofanswers(各种各样的回答)，由此可知D项符合句意。

10.单选题

Shewassoabsorbedinreadingthatnoisecouldnot______her.

问题1选项

A.dismiss

B.dispatch

C.disperse

D.distract

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项dismiss“解散，解雇，开除”，B项dispatch“派遣，发送，迅速处理”，C项disperse“分散，使散开”，D项distract“转移，分心”。由beabsorbedin（全神贯注于）和so…that…（如此……以至于……）可知，D项符合。句意：她全神贯注地读书，喧闹声不能使她分心。因此，该题选择D项。

11.翻译题

Directions:Forthispart,youaretotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。他们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。

【答案】InnovationinChinaisboomingatanunprecedentedrate.Inordertocatchupwiththedevelopedcountriesinscienceandtechnologyassoonaspossible,Chinahasgreatlyincreaseditsresearchanddevelopmentfundinrecentyears.Theyarealsoworkingwithscienceandtechnologyparksaroundthecountrytocommercializetheirinnovations.Atthesametime,whetherinproductsorbusinessmodels,Chineseentrepreneursarestrivingtobepioneersininnovationtoadapttotheever-changingandgrowingneedsofdomesticandforeignconsumermarkets.

12.单选题

Historiansshareonefundamental（）thatwecanlearnfromthemistakesofourpast.

问题1选项

A.assumption

B.supposition

C.ideology

D.ethos

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。assumption“假设”;supposition“推测”;ideology“意识形态，思想体系”;ethos“民族精神”。句意：历史学家有一个基本的思想体系，也就是从过去的错误中汲取教训。选项C符合题意。

13.翻译题

Passage1

ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear’sisabiglie.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutquality-controlproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorp.Overnight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalf.Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Expertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign—encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

Passage2

Broadlyspeaking,theEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonwhoisfullyrelaxedonlyamongpeopleheknowswell.Inthepresenceofstrangersorforeignersheoftenseemsinhibited,evenembarrassed.Youhaveonlytowitnessacitytrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersorhavingalightsleepinacorner;noonespeaks.Infact,todosowouldseemmostunusual.AnEnglishman,pretendingtobegivingadvicetooverseasvisitors,oncesuggested,“Onenteringarailwaycarriageshakehandswithallthepassengers.”Needlesstosay,hewasnotbeingserious.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhich,ifbroken,makesthepersonimmediatelysuspect.

Passage3

Theprincipallinesofdevelopmentofmachineryhavebeenanincreaseinthespeedofoperationtoobtainhighratesofproduction,improvementinaccuracytoobtainqualityandeconomyintheproduct,andminimizationofoperatingcosts.Thesethreerequirementshaveledtotheevolutionofcomplexcontrolsystems.Themostsuccessfulproductionmachineryisthatinwhichthemechanicaldesignofthemachineiscloselyintegratedwiththecontrolsystem,whetherthelatterismechanicalorelectricalinnature.Amodemconveyorforthemanufactureofautomobileenginesisagoodexampleofthemechanizationofacomplexseriesofmanufacturingprocesses.Developmentsareinhandtoautomateproductionmachines,further,usingcomputerstostoreandprocessthevastamountofdatarequiredformanufacturingavarietyofcomponentswithasmallnumberofversatilemachinetools.Oneaimisacompletelyautomatedmachineshopforbatchproduction.

ChooseONLYONEpassagefromthefollowingpassageandtranslateitaswellasyoucan.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Ifmorethanonetranslationappearsonyouranswersheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored.

【答案】14.单选题

Ourneighborshangtheirchildren'sframeddiplomasin（）placesonthewallofthesettingroom.

问题1选项

A.brilliant

B.respective

C.conspicuous

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项brilliant表示“绝妙的；杰出的；聪颖的；明亮的”，B选项respective表示“分别的，各自的”，C选项conspicuous表示“显著的，显而易见的”，D选项remarkable表示“非凡的；卓越的；值得注意的”。由句意可知，我们邻居把他们孩子的文凭框挂在客厅墙上显眼的地方。因此，C选项conspicuous符合语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。

15.单选题

His____withcomputersbegansixmonthsagoandhasspentmostofhissparetimeoncybergameseversince.

问题1选项

A.imagination

B.invocation

C.observation

D.obsession

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.imagination想象B.invocation祈求

C.observation观察D.obsession痴迷

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格处所在部分语义为“他对电脑的____”，原句后半段提到“他的大部分业余时间都花在了网络游戏上”，由此可知，他沉迷于玩电脑游戏，因此，D选项obsession“痴迷”符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】他对电脑的痴迷是6个月前开始的，从那以后，他大部分业余时间都花在了网络游戏上。

16.单选题

Tomwashighly（）teacherwhotookhisdutiesseriouslybuthehadneitherthepersonalitynorabilitytoachievemuchsuccess.

问题1选项

A.conscientious

B.efficient

C.capable

D.talented

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项conscientious“认真的，尽责的”；B选项efficient“有效率的”；C选项capable“有能力的”；D选项talented“有才能的”。分析句子可知，who后面引导的定语从句修饰teacher，根据填空处也应该填入一个形容词来修饰teacher，由此可知，填空处单词应与定语从句表达的意思相近，tookhisdutiesseriously指的是“尽职尽责的”，选项A与之意思最接近，所以正确。

17.单选题

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

问题1选项

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项exceedingly“非常，极其”；B选项excessively“过度地”；C选项extensively“广大地，广泛地”；D选项exclusively“唯一地”。根据valuable（很重要的，宝贵的）可知A选项最为恰当，表示“非常有价值”。句意：你的建议对他非常有价值，因为他现在不知道该先做什么。

18.单选题

14.

问题1选项

A.Totakeamonthoffwork.

B.Torestinbedasmuchaspossible.

C.Totakesomeherbalmedicine.

D.Toputonplaster.

【答案】D

【解析】A:HereismyX-rays.

B:I’lljusthavealook.EverythingisOKexceptwhatyoucanseehere.Thereisahemi-fracture.It'snotveryserious,butyoushouldtakeamonthoffworkandrestinbedasmuchaspossible.I'llgivesomeherbalmedicinetohelpyouhealquickly.

A:DoIneedtoputinplaster?

B:No,itisn’tnecessary.

Q:Whichofthefollowingisnotamongthedoctor’ssuggestion?

【解析】细节题。医生认为不需要打石膏。

19.单选题

ManysocialobserversinChinaareconcernedthatchildrengrowingupinvillagesawayfromtheirmotherandfatherlackofparentalloveandmayhavetroublebecomingresponsibleadultsastheyentertheirtwenties.

问题1选项

A.areconcernedthat

B.lackofparentallove

C.troublebecoming

D.astheyentertheirtwenties

E.没有错误

【答案】B

【解析】动词误用。Lack后面去掉of。动词lack(缺乏)为及物动词,可以直接作谓语动词,不需要加介词of。

20.单选题

WhiletheUnitedStateswageditswarondrugs,includingtheimpositionofseverepenaltiesonpeopleconvictedofpossessionofcannabis(marijuanaandhashish),theNetherlandsimplementedapartialdecriminalizationofthepersonaluseofthesesamedrugs.

Beginninginthemid-1970s，Dutchdrugpolicieswerereformedinanattempttolimitthenegativeandstigmatizingeffectsofdruguseonindividualusers.TheDutchdidthisbymakingaclearseparationbetween“hard”drugs—heroin,cocaine,LSD,andamphetamines—and“soft”drugs—marijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Theygavetoplawenforcementprioritytocontrollingtheproduction,importation,andtraffickingofharddrugsandessentiallyignoredthesaleoruseofsmallamountsofcannabis(25gramsorless).Dutchofficialsbelievedthatdecriminalizingcannabis—therebyseparatingthesoftdrugmarketfromthemarketforharderdrugs―wouldreducethelikelihoodthatmarijuanauserswouldcomeintocontactwithheroinandcocaineusers.Thus,youngpeopleexperimentingwithcannabiswouldbelesslikelytobecomeinvolvedwithmoredangerousoraddictivedrugs.

TheDutchdrugpolicieswerealsoaimedatnormalizingthedrugproblem.Thatis,theDutchadmittedthatcannabisusehadgainedanextensivefootholdintheirsociety,andtheyfeltthatitwasfarmorerealistictotrytoreducethepersonalandsocialharmsassociatedwithdrugusethrougheducationand“user-friendly”treatmentprogramsthantorelyonpunitivemeasures.

InAmsterdam,thecountry’slargestcity,thereareabout350coffeeshopswherepeoplecanbuyandusemarijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Thecoffeeshops,however,areregulated.Nootherillegaldrugsmaybesoldorusedinthem,theshopsmaynotadvertise,andtheymaynotsellcannabistopeopleunderage16.Violationsmayresultinfinesandtheclosingofthecoffeeshop.

TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest.However,itmaynotbewisetomakedirectcomparisonsbetweentheNetherlandsandtheUnitedStates.Dutchsocietyisveryhomogeneous;thatis,thereislittleracial,ethnic,class,religious,orsubculturaldiversity,andtheconventionalvaluesandnormsofDutchsocietyarewidelyshared.Americansociety,ontheotherhand,isveryheterogeneous,anditsextensivesubculturaldiversityleadstolessconsensusregardingnormsandvalues.ThemodelusedbytheDutchforregulatingmarijuanamaynotworkaseffectivelyintheUnitedStates.

1.Theword“decriminalization”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

2.Dutchofficialsthoughtthatcannabisusers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.TheauthorconsiderstheDutchdrugpolicies

（

）.

5.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.reductionofthecriminalpenaltiesforsomething

B.ceasingtotreatsomethingaslegal

C.eliminationofthecriminalpenaltiesforsomething

D.applicationoflegalsanctionsagainstacrime

问题2选项

A.wereimproperlystigmatizedasdrugaddictsbyotherpeople

B.couldnotpossiblytrafficheroin,cocaineorotherdrugs

C.wouldnotbecomeaddictedtoiteveniftheytakelargeamounts

D.mightcontentthemselveswithitandstayawayfrommoreaddictivedrugs

问题3选项

A.Decriminalizingcannabisusewouldbringmorerevenuetothegovernment.

B.CannabisuseintheNetherlandsisratherprevalent.

C.TheDutchgovernmentbelievedthatcannabiswasnotasharmfulasheroin.

D.TheDutchbelievedthatpunishmentwasn’tapracticalmeanstotacklethedrugproblem.

问题4选项

A.successfulalthoughtherearesomenegativeeffects

B.toolenientintermsofpunishment

C.unreasonableconsideringtheDutchhomogeneoussociety

D.betterthanthoseimplementedintheUnitedStates

问题5选项

A.itisillegaltosellcannabisintheNetherlands

B.marijuanaisavailableinDutchsupermarkets

C.sellingcannabiswithoutofficialpermissionmaybepunished

D.largedosesofmarijuanaincoffeeshopsinAmsterdamarcavailable

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.词义推测题。本题是问“decriminalization”一词在第一段的意思。从上下文可知，荷兰政府区分了致瘾药品和不会成瘾的药品，并将不会成瘾药品的买卖合法化，所以可以推测“decriminalization”词义为“合法化”，C选项‘取消对某事物的刑事处罚’。

2.推理判断题。本题是问荷兰的政府认为大麻使用者如何。由第二段中的“Thus，youngpeopleexperimentingwithcannabiswouldbelesslikelytobecomeinvolvedwithmoredangerousoraddictivedrugs.因此，被尝试大麻的年轻人不太可能涉及更危险的或者成瘾的药物。”，可知D选项‘可能会满足于此，远离更容易上瘾的毒品’正确。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段“theDutchadmittedthatcannabisusehadgainedanextensivefootholdintheirsociety,andtheyfeltthatitwasfarmorerealistictotrytoreducethepersonalandsocialharmsassociatedwithdrugusethrougheducationand‘user-friendly’treatmentprogramsthantorelyonpunitivemeasure.荷兰承认，大麻的使用已经在他们的社会中获得了广泛的立足点，他们认为，通过教育和“人性化”的治疗方案来减少与毒品使用有关的个人和社会危害远比依赖惩罚措施要现实得多”和最后一段“TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest.荷兰的毒品法已经实施了20多年，对荷兰社会的任何负面影响似乎都不大。”得知，荷兰政府运用人性化的措施且该项法律的副作用是很小的，B选项‘荷兰吸食大麻相当普遍。’，C选项‘荷兰政府认为大麻的危害没有海洛因那么大。’和D选项‘荷兰人认为惩罚并不是解决毒品问题的实际手段。’正确；A选项‘大麻合法化将为政府带来更多的收入。’的叙述错误，符合题意。

4.细节事实题。本题是问作者认为荷兰毒品政策如何。由最后一段中的“TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest荷兰的药物法己经成功实施20多年，即便有反作用，但算是很轻微。”可知A选项‘成功，尽管有一些负面影响’正确。

5.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中“InAmsterdam,thecountry’slargestcity,thereareabout350coffeeshopswherepeoplecanbuyandusemarijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Thecoffeeshops,however,areregulated.Nootherillegaldrugsmaybesoldorusedinthem,theshopsmaynotadvertise,andtheymaynotsellcannabistopeopleunderage16.Violationsmayresultinfinesandtheclosingofthecoffeeshop.在荷兰最大的城市阿姆斯特丹，大约有350家咖啡馆，人们可以在这里购买和使用大麻、大麻和蘑菇。然而，咖啡店是受监管的。其他违禁药品不得销售、使用，商店不得做广告，不得向未满16岁的未成年人出售大麻。违反规定可能会导致罚款和咖啡店的关闭。”可知荷兰对药物销售有明文规定，所以C选项‘未经官方许可出售大麻可能会受到惩罚’正确。

21.单选题

Therearemanykindsofmetals,（）itsspecialproperties

问题1选项

A.eachhaving

B.everyhaving

C.eachhas

D.onehas

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这里有很多种金属，每一种都有它特有的属性。

语法题。考查独立主格。“itsspecialproperties它特有的属性”的逻辑主语是空格前“metals金属”,因此这里使用独立主格结构来表示补充说明。

22.单选题

Forsometimenow,therehasbeena（）positionamonghigh-levelpolicymakerscallingforevidence-basedpracticesintheUnitedStatesandoverseas.

问题1选项

A.widedisseminating

B.widedisseminated

C.widelydisseminating

D.widelydisseminated

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题意，空格应该为名词position“工作”的定语，因为disseminate和position之前存在被动关系，表示“被传播的工作”，所以选用-ed分词作定语，表被动。副词修饰动词，所以选用widely“广泛地”。选项D符合题意。

23.翻译题

Sincetheturnofthecentury,Londonershaveexpressedapreferenceforsuburbanlocationsasmorepleasantandsafertobringupchildren.Themiddleclassesfearurbanpubliclifesomuch,theyarewillingtotradeoffthedailyjourneytoworkinfavorofsafetyandseclusionathome.InNewYork,peopleviewthestreets,sidewalks,plazasandsubwaysasareasofcombatratherthancivilitywherethegoalisnotenjoymentbutsurvival.

Thisprocessofdetachmentandwithdrawalhasbeenencouragedbythemotorcar,bringinginitswakedifficultpedestrianaccesskeysitescutoffbyringroads,andmulti-storeycarparkswhichareparticularlythreateningtowomen.Thecinemahaspartlygivenwaytothehomevideo,andluxuryhousingdevelopmentsaroundLondonfeaturehighlevelsofsecuritysurveillance.

InNewYork,newbuildingsarefilledwith“defensiblespace”,galesandguardstofunnelyouthiswayorthatbecausedrugdealerscanmakeapublicspacetheirowninafewdays.

Theunrestrainedgrowthofincivilities—drunks,tramps,rowdyyouth,prostitutes,andotherdisreputables—haddecreasedcommunalcontrol.Thishadledtomoreactualcrime,increasedthefearofcrime,encouragedwithdrawalintoprivatespaces,sofurtherreducingcommitmenttoneighborhoodsandencouraginggreaterincivilities.

Theresultisthatpeoplethencreateashieldforthemselvesinpublicplaces;theyminimizeexpressionsandbodycontact,choosesealingtosignalwhatmighthappennext,theyrun.Sincebeggarsprobablyevokedmixedreactionsofpity,embarrassment,orfear,theirhighvisibilityonthestreetsmaywellleadpeopletoavoidcertainplaces.

ItisincivilitieslikethesewhichsurelymakepeoplefearfulincitiesandwhichcannotbedismissedasHomeofficialstendtodo,asirrationalfears.Awoman’sfearfulnessabouttravellingontheTube,forexample,cannotbelightlydismissedonthegroundsthatstatisticallysheislesslikelytosufferanassaultthanayoungman.Herfearsarefuelledbyallthesesurroundingincivilities,plusgestures,sexualinnuendos,orremarksfromyouth:inthecarriage.IfacoupleofyoungmenstartsmokingontheTube,thetensioninthecarriageispalpablebecausepeopleknowwhatthereactionislikelytobeiftheyaretoldtostop.Womenoroldpeoplefeelmorevulnerablethanyoungmenbecausetheyarcmorevulnerable.Whenconsideringrisks,policymakerstendtoemphasizestatisticalinfrequencyanddownplaythegravityofoutcomes.

Londoncriesoutforsomekindofcoherentcityplanning.Butthequalityofitscitizens,liveswon’tbeimprovedunlesstheseincivilities,whicharesomuchmoredifficulttoquantify,areproperlyaddressed.

【答案】汽车加快了远离城市的过程,随之而来的是难以通过的人行通道,被环形道路切断的重要场所以及对女人有特大威胁的多层停车场。

结果,人们在公共场所找到自我保护的手段;他们尽量少说话或与人碰撞,挑选座位以表明他们不想与人交流,减少目光的接触,他们怀疑某件事可能紧接着发生时,便溜之大吉。

正是这类不礼貌的言行使人们在城市感到恐惧,而内政部的官员往往将不礼貌的言行视为缺乏理性的恐惧。例如,不能因为女人遭到袭击的几率低于年轻男子便对女人的地铁恐惧症等闲视之。

24.单选题

ThepsychologistWilliamJamesbelievedthatfacialexpressionsnotonlyprovideavisible

signofan（

）.

问题1选项

A.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

B.emotion;theyalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingof

C.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingitself

D.emotion,actuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

【答案】C

【解析】notonly…butalso表示并列关系，前后分句的结构应该保持一致，宾语从句的主语为facialexpressions，notonly后面接的是provide，故butalso后面也应该用动词复数contributeto…故答案C。句意：心理学家威廉•詹姆斯认为,面部表情不仅提供情感的可见迹象，而且也有助于感觉本身。

25.单选题

Theidealcompanionmachine-thecomputer-wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)-way（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthorisinhisattitudetowardthecomputer（

）.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality.

C.enjoyableinperformance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

问题2选项

A.Quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous.

问题3选项

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

问题4选项

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

问题5选项

A.Artificialrelationships.

B.Howtoformintimaterelationships

C.Theaffectionatemachine

D.Humansandcomputers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。第一段指出:machinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(机器有一点不可预测),因此D项与原文不符。

2.细节题。第二段:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(整个过程将以一种微妙的方式完成，以避免给人一种过于熟悉的印象，这可能会引起不安)。表明这种电脑与人类建立关系的过程是'inasubtleway,故选D项(不显眼的，不引人注意的)。

3.细节题。第一段:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown(它有时会主动发展或改变话题，并拥有自己的个性),可以看出A跟D项有提到,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(但当它逐渐了解用户时，它会发展成一种更轻松、更贴心的风格),可以看出C项有提到。而B选项(对早起的接触很敏感)与"Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant"不符,故选B。

4.态度方向。形容这种电脑作者用到的词汇有:comfortable、interesting等,不难看出作者对这种电脑的态度是"favorable"赞赏的。

5.主旨大意题。作者介绍了这种“仿真交际”电脑与人类如何建立关系，并围绕这种电脑的各项特点来介绍它是具有人情味、人性化的,因此C项作标题最合适。

26.单选题

Nancycomplainedaboutthe（

）airconditionersheboughtfromthedepartmentstore.

问题1选项

A.inefficient

B.deficient

C.ineffective

D.defective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。inefficient意为“无效率的，无能的”；deficient意为“不足的，缺乏的”；ineffective意为“无效果的”；defective意为“有缺陷的”。

句意：南希抱怨她从百货公司买这台有缺陷的空调。

27.单选题

Theschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（

）.

问题1选项

A.obligation

B.conviction

C.instruction

D.presentation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。obligation意为“义务，责任”；conviction意为“定罪，深信”；instruction意为“授课”；presentation意为“提交，报告”。

句意：学校承诺将班级缩小，并提供更加个性化的授课。

28.问答题

ThereasonwhyJamesBondmoviesare(A)sopopularis(B)because(C)theycombinetheappealoftraditionalspy(D)storieswiththeappealoftechnologicaldevices.

【答案】试题答案：C;that

【解析】考查名词性从句。Thereasonwhy...isthat表语从句（……的原因是……）是固定句型，is后面用that，不能用because。

29.单选题

Thejobsofwildlifetechniciansandbiologistseemed（

）tohim,butonedayhediscoveredtheirdifference.

问题1选项

A.identical

B.vertical

C.parallel

D.specific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。identical意为“相同的，同一的”；vertical意为“垂直的，竖立的”；parallel意为“平行的”；specific意为“明确的”。

句意：野生动物技术人员和生物学家的工作对他来说似乎是一样的，但有一天他发现了它们的不同之处。

30.填空题

Smallchildrenneedtobe（

）tolookbothwaysbeforetheycrosstheroad.

【答案】

told

【解析】语义题。句意:小孩子需要被吿知横穿马路前要看两边/需要告知小孩过马路要看两边。因此tell符合句意,空格处应用动词的过去分词形式和前面的be动词一起表被动。

31.单选题

The______regioniscenteredlargelyinthenorthofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.telescope

B.wire

C.petrol

D.mineral

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项telescope“望远镜”；B选项wire“金属线；电线”；C选项petrol“汽油”；D选项mineral“矿物；汽水”。句意：______区主要集中在这个国家的北部。根据语境，这里指含有某个资源的地区集中在国家的北部，D选项mineral“矿物”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

32.单选题

Iwon’thaveawhisky,thankyou.It’snotthatIdon’tdrink,______thatIdon’tdrinkanddrive.

问题1选项

A.butrather

B.butalso

C.except

D.otherwise

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子逻辑。前面和后面构成转折关系。A项butrather“而是，相反地”表示对比；B项butalso“并且”表示强调；C项except“除了”，exceptthat“只可惜，除了……之外”表示转折；D项otherwise“否则”，一般是作为副词来使用，连接并列分句。句意：我不要威士忌，谢谢。不是我不喝，只可惜我不能喝，要开车。根据句意，正确答案为C。

33.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】细节题。女士提议说待会去打网球，最后男士说：Seeyouinthecourt(球场上见)。

34.单选题

Mrs.Brownissupposed（）forItalylastweek.

问题1选项

A.toleave

B.tobeleaving

C.tohaveleft

D.tohavebeenleft

【答案】C

【解析】考查suppose的用法。时间状语是lastweek，说明是为了强调过去的时间，所以应该用完成时，Brown女士是主动离开，所以选项C符合题意。

35.单选题

Tobesuccessful,abusinesstravelermustbeabletomaintaincontactwiththeofficenomatterwhatthetimeorplace.Negotiationsofteninvolvedecisionsbasedo