2023届安徽省六安中学高考考前提分英语仿真卷含解析2

2023高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．__________himnottodoso,hewouldn’thavemadesuchaseriousmistake.A．DidIpersuade B．IfIpersuadeC．IfIshouldpersuade D．HadIpersuaded2．Howdiditcomeabout________aquietpersonshouldappearsowildtoday?A．whether B．that C．if D．what3．—Mike,it’sreallyimpossibleforustogettotherailwaystationintime!—HowIwishIcouldstopthetrain________it.A．catchB．tocatchC．catchingD．caught4．Fathermadeapromise______________Ididwellintheentranceexam,hewouldtakemetoHongKonginthesummervacation.A．ifthat B．ifC．thatif D．that5．—Irisisalwayskindand________tothesufferingofothers.—Nowondershechoosestobeareliefworker.A．allergicB．immuneC．relevantD．sensitive6．______property,we’reamongtherichestpeopleinthiscity．A．Insearchof B．Inspiteof C．Inplaceof D．Intermsof7．________individualplayers,wehaveagreatteambuttheproblemisthattheydon’tplayfootballtogetherwellatall.A．OntopofB．BymeansofC．IntermsofD．Incaseof8．Theincomesofskilledworkerswentup.,unskilledworkerssawtheirearningsfall.A．Moreover B．ThereforeC．Meanwhile D．Otherwise9．TheChinesepeoplearehopefulfor________2019willbringfortheirfamiliesandthecountry.A．how B．whichC．what D．that10．Shesaidher________isenoughtosupportherinlateryearsandthatheronlyhopeisthathersoncanvisitregularly.Afterallshehadnotmuchtimeleft.A．pension B．benefit C．allowance D．bonus11．Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,but_______saywherehewas.A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．wouldn’t D．mightn’t12．____regulartraininginnursing,shecouldhardlycopewiththeworkatfirst.A．NotreceivedB．SincereceivingC．HavingnotreceivedD．Nothavingreceived13．IthinkAna______herpackingsinceshestartedgettingthingsreadyearlythismorning.A．finishesB．hasfinishedC．hadfinishedD．wouldfinish14．Heissuchanunselfishman.Youcannothelpbut________him.A．respectB．torespectC．neglectD．toneglect15．Teachersinprimaryschools______influencethekidsfallundershouldberolemodels.A．whose B．whoC．where D．which16．Thedaysaregonephysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving．A．that B．whenC．where D．which17．Myunclefinallyboughthisdreamhouse______overlooksabeautifulpark.A．which B．where C．who D．what18．Workinghardisnota__________ofgreatsuccess,butitisamongtheessentialrequirements.A．sign B．signalC．guarantee D．mark19．I’msurethatyourletterwillget_____attention.Theyknowyou’rewaitingforthereply.A．continued B．immediate C．careful D．general20．Thechildrenwrotemagicalstoriestogether,_____imaginaryworldsofromanticandmilitaryadventure.A．tospin B．spinningC．havingspun D．tohavespun第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Haveyoueverpressedthepedestrianbuttonatacrosswalkandwonderedifitreallyworked?They’recalled“placebo(安慰剂）buttons”一buttonsthatmechanicallysoundandcanbepushed，butprovidenofunctionality.InNewYorkCity,onlyabout2ofthe1,000crosswalkbuttonsactuallyfunction.Crosswalksignalsweregenerallyinstalledbeforetrafficjamhadreachedtoday’slevels.Butwhiletheirfunctionwastakenoverbymoreadvancedsystems—suchasautomatedlightsortrafficsensors—thephysicalbuttonswereoftenkept,ratherthanbeingreplacedatfurtherexpense.Othercities，suchasBoston，DallasandSeattle，havegonethroughasimilarprocess,leavingthemwiththeirownplacebopedestrianbuttons.InLondon,whichhas6,000trafficsignals,pressingthepedestrianbuttonresultsinareliable“Wait”light.Butthatdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatthe“greenman”—or“pedestrianstage”intrafficsignaldesignprofession—willappearanysooner.“Wedohavesomecrossingswherethegreenlightcomesonautomatically,butwestillaskpeopletopressthebuttonbecausethatenablesaccessiblefeatures,’’saidGlynnBarton,directorofnetworkmanagementatTransportforLondon.Thesefeatures,suchasblindtracksandhearabletrafficsignals,helppeoplewithvisualdisordercrosstheroadandonlyfunctionwhenthebuttonispressed.Asforthelights,agrowingnumberofthemarenowcombinedandbecomeapartofanelectronicsystemthatdetectstrafficandadjuststimefrequencyaccordingly(givingprioritytobusesifthey’rerunninglate,forexample),whichmeansthatpressingthebuttonhasnoeffect.AccordingtoLanger,aHarvardpsychologist,placebobuttonsgiveustheillusion(错觉)ofcontrol—andsomethingtodoinsituationswherethealternativewouldbedoingnothing.Inthecaseofpedestriancrossings,theymayevenmakeussaferbyforcingustopayattentiontooursurroundings.“Theyserveapsychologicalpurposeattheveryleast,”sheadded.1、Whyarethephysicalbuttonsstillkeptinsomecities?A．Becauseitmaycostmoneytoreplacethem.B．Becausetheyremainasmemoriesofacity.C．Becausedohaverealfunctionsintraffic.D．Becausetheycanresultinreliablelights.2、Whichofthefollowingwordcanreplacetheunderlineword“features”inParagraph4?A．Functions. B．Uses.C．Equipment. D．Facilities.3、Ifyoupresseda“placebobutton”inLondon,whatwouldhappen?A．Alltrafficwouldbeaffected. B．Somekindofsoundmightappear.C．Pedestrianscamefirsttocrosstheroad. D．“Greenman”wereboundtoshowupearlier.4、Whatcanweknowabout“placebobuttons”fromLanger’swords?A．Theycanreallycontroltraffic. B．Theyservelittlefunctions.C．Theymayworkmentally. D．Theycanhelptheblind.22．（8分）Theworldisfilledwithsmart,talented,educatedandgiftedpeople.Wemeetthemeveryday.Afewdaysago,mycarwasnotrunningwell.Ipulleditintoagarageandtheyoungmechanichaditfixedinjustafewminutes.Heknewwhatwaswrongbysimplylisteningtotheengine.Iwasamazed.Thesadtruthis,greattalentisnotenough.Iamconstantlyshockedathowlittletalentedpeopleearn.Iheardtheotherdaythatlessthan5percentofAmericansearnmorethan$100,000ayear.Abusinessconsultantwhospecializesinthemedicaltradewastellingmehowmanydoctorsanddentistsstrugglefinancially.Itwasthisbusinessconsultantwhogavemethephrase,"Theyareoneskillawayfromgreatwealth."Thereisanoldsayingthatgoes,"Jobmeans"justoverbroke".Andunfortunately,Iwouldsaythatthesayingappliestomillionsofpeople.Becauseschooldoesnotthinkfinancialintelligenceisintelligence,mostworkers"livewithintheirmeans".Theyworkandtheypaythebills.InsteadIrecommendtoyoungpeopletoseekworkforwhattheywilllearn,morethanwhattheywillearn.WhenIasktheclassesIteach,"HowmanyofyoucancookabetterhamburgerthanMcDonald’s?”almostallthestudentsraisetheirhands.Ithenask,"Soifmostofyoucancookabetterhamburger,howcomeMcDonald’smakesmoremoneythanyou?"Theanswerisobvious:McDonald’sisexcellentatbusinesssystems.Thereasonsomanytalentedpeoplearepoorisbecausetheyfocusonbui1dingabetterhamburgerandknowlittleornothingaboutbusinesssystems.Theworldisfilledwithtalentedpoorpeople.Theyfocusonperfectingtheirskillsatbuildingabetterhamburgerratherthantheskillsofsellinganddeliveringthehamburger.1、Theauthormentionsthemechanicinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat.A．hehasasharpsenseofhearing B．heisreadytohelpothersC．heisjustoneofthetalentedpeople D．heknowslittleaboutcarrepairing2、Theunderlinedpartinthethirdparagraphcanbebestreplacedby“”.A．spendmorethantheycanafford B．dointheirownwayC．liveintheirowncircle D．livewithinwhattheyearn3、Whydotalentedpeopleearnsolittleaccordingtotheauthor?A．Theylackfinancialintelligence. B．Theydon’tworkhardenough.C．Theydon’tmakefulluseoftheirtalents. D．Theyhavenospecializedskills.4、Themainpurposeoftheauthoristotellus.A．howyoungpeoplecanfindasatisfactoryjob B．whatschoolsshouldteachstudentsC．howMcDonald’smakesmuchmoney. D．whysomanytalentedpeoplearepoor23．（8分）AtripacrossthePacificwillguaranteeyouadifferentexperiencewithatipping(给小费)cultureyou’venevercomeacrossinChina.IntheUS,givingalittleextramoneytoserviceworkersontopofyourbillisacommonpractice.ThoughUSnationallawrequiresthatbusinessespayworkersatleast$7.25(45yuan)perhour,employeesreceivingtips—oftenwaitersandwaitresses—aretheexceptions.Theyusuallyonlyreceiveatleast$2.13anhour,andtipsmakeupthedifference.AsTheWallStreetJournalputit:“TheAmericansystemoftippingholdsthepromiseofgreatrewardsforwaitingstaff.”SohowshouldyoutipifyouareintheUS?Normallyyoupaytipsasapercentageofthebill.Offeringanextra15percentofthebilltothewaiterorwaitressinarestaurantandtothedeliverymanorwomaniscustomaryandexpected.Youcanoffermoreforgreatserviceandlessforpoorservice.Yetthereisanexception.Fortake-outfood,youdon’thavetoprovidetips,thoughsomepeoplesaythatfillinganorderstillrequiresworkandtimethatdeservealittleextra—butmaybealittleless.Tipsarenotexpectedatfastfoodrestaurants,pizzaparlors,cafésoricecreamshopseither,thoughatipjarmightberightbythecashregister(收银机).Don’tfeelobligatedtothrowsomemoneyin,butalsorememberthatitdoesn’thurt.Thoseworkersdonotrelyontips.Otherserviceworkersalsoreceivetips.Fortaxidrivers,15percentisthenorm(标准),moreiftheyhelpwithyourbags.Hairdressersoftenreceiveabout15percentofthebill.Thesamegoesforspatherapists(理疗师)andtourguides.Today,youcanevenpaytipsonacreditcard.Whenreceivingacopyofthebilltosign,youarefreetofillinhowmuchyou’dliketotip.ThoughthinkingaboutwhentotipandhowmuchyoushouldtipcausesabigheadacheformanyChinesepeople,it’simportanttobearinmindthataslongasyoushowrespectanduseyourreasoning,thingswillbejustfine.1、Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．HowtippingculturestartedintheUS.B．HowtogivetipsproperlyintheUS.C．NewwaystogivetipsintheUS.D．ThedifferentattitudesthatChinesepeopleandAmericanshavetowardtipping.2、WhichofthefollowingissaidtobeagainstthenormoftippingintheUS?A．Payingwaitersandwaitresseslessthan$7.25perhour.B．Ignoringthetipjaratfastfoodrestaurants,cafés,oricecreamshops.C．Tippingtaxidriverslessthan15%becauseofpoorservice.D．Refusingtogivetipstoyourtourguide.3、Theunderlinedword“obligated”inParagraph7probablymeans.A．beingforcedtodosomething B．beinggratefulforsomethingC．beingsurprisedatsomething D．beingembarrassedaboutsomething4、Accordingtotheauthor,Chineseconsumers.A．don’tnecessarilyhavetofollowthetippingrulesintheUSB．shouldusetheircreditcardstogivetipsC．mustargueabouttheamountoftiptheyhavetopayD．shouldtakeiteasyandgivethecorrecttipsfordifferentoccasions24．（8分）InhighschoolIwasveryshy,contenttohangaroundwithmysmallgroupoffriendsandtoconcentrateonmycourses.Iwasquicklylabeleda"brain."IdidsowellthatbytheendofsenioryearIhadperfectgradesandenoughcollegecreditstogiveupanentirequarterofcoursework.ButinearlyJuneofsenioryear,theprincipalcalledmeintohisoffice.Heaskedmetogiveaspeechatgraduation.Iwassurprisedtolookathim,myheartthumping.Thiswastherewardformyhardwork?Imurmuredsomethingandfledtheoffice,blamingmyselfforstayingawayfromphysics,asubjectsuretohavebrokenupmyperfectrecord.Ifinallyagreedtoacompromise.Iwouldsharethehonorwithfiveotherstudents.IagreedtointroducemyfriendJudy,whowouldthengiveherown,full-lengthspeech.Graduationdaysoonarrived,I’dbeenpracticingmyspeechfordays,andIhaditmemorized.Thefirsthalfhouroftheceremonypassedinablur,andthenmymomentcame.Mynamewasannounced.Imanagedtoreachthestagewithoutfallingdown.Ifacedmyclassmates.Myvoicetrembledalittle,butmostlyitwasclearandstrong.Butwithinseconds,Iwasdoneandheadingbacktomyseat.IaccomplishedsomethingI’dneverdreamedof—Ispokeinfrontofhundredsofpeople.AlthoughIdidn’trealizeitatthetime,thesuccessfulcompletionofthatspeechgavemetheconfidencetotakepartinclassatcollege,togiveoralreports,andtoeventuallybreakfreeofmyshyness.Ineverwouldhavechosentogiveaspeechatgraduation—orever.ButI’mgladIdid.InolongerhesitatewhenI’mfacedwiththeprospectofdoingsomethingIfeared.Iknowitmayverywellturnouttobeoneofmyshiningmoments.1、Whywasthewritercalleda"brain"?A．Shewasthemostintelligentstudent.B．Shewastheheadofhersmallgroup.C．Shewasabookwormallthetime.D．Shedidmorecourseworkforgoodgrades.2、Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A．Sheruinedherhealthbystudyinghard.B．Shegottherewardaswasexpected.C．Shewasgratefulforgivingaspeech.D．Shewasn'tgoodatphysicsatschool.3、Howdidtheauthorfeelatthebeginningofthegraduationspeech?A．Excited. B．Moved.C．Scared. D．Embarrassed4、Whatdidthespeechbringtotheauthoratlast?A．Shehadnothingtofearinlife,B．Shewonenoughcollegecredits.C．Shegotridofhersenseofshyness.D．Shedesiredtobecomeaspeaker.25．（10分）Dr.ArielBrahmanisnotjustanordinaryteacher.HewasaheadmasteratSMULabschoolJakarta(seniorhighschool).HeisalsoanExecutiveChairmanoftheIndonesianNatiocalCommissionforUNESCO.Asateacher,he’sclosetohisstudents.HealwayssparessometimetorunwithuseveryFridaymorning(ourschoolactivity)andtocomeandvisithisstudentsinclass,justtosayhi.Hosfavouritesayingsare,“Students,putsomepicturesinthebackofyourclassroom…”and“Haveanicestudy.”Healsoencourageustobefriendly,forexample,toshakehandswithoneanothereverymorning,justtosaygoodmorningtooneanotheroratleastsmileatotherpeople.Simple,butmeaningful.Dr.ArielBrahmanissofriendly.Heshowsrespecttootherandappreciatesothers.Butmostofall,thereasonwhyIlikehimissothathealwaysencouragesthechoir(唱诗班)groupatmyschooltokeeponsinging.Hehasalwayssupportedusandputhistrustinus.It’sbecauseofhimthatthechoirremainsinexistenceafterwenearlygaveupwhenfacingotherpeople’scriticism.Dr.ArielBrahmanisanationalist,especiallyineducation.AsImentionedabove,heisamemberofUNESCOforIndonesianeducation.HeisquittinghisjobastheheadofUniversitasNegeriJakartatofulfillhisdutyatUNESCO.MygrandmotheroncetoldmethatDr.ArielBrahmanwasheldinjailbecausehesaidsomethingabouthumanrights(Idon’tknowexactlywhatitwas),butunfortunately.Socharto,whowasthepresidentofIndonesia,didn’tlikethatandputDr.ArielBrahmaninjail.Well,IthinkthatisonebraveactforDr.Arielrahmantospeakhismindfreelywithouthesitatingbecauseofwhatotherpeoplemightthink.Thewayherespectsother,thewayhespeakshismindandthewayheencouragesusmakehimaninspirationforusall.1、WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDr.ArielBrahman?A．ModestandhumorousB．BraveandkindC．Generousandpositive.D．Cautiousandkind-hearted.2、Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Thestudentsdon'trespectDr.ArielBrahman.B．Thechoirgroupusedtobeunpopularintheauthor'sschool.C．DrArielBrahmandoesn'tlikethepresidentofIndonesia.D．TheauthorrespectsDrArielBrahmanasheisstrictwithstudents.3、WhywasDrArielBrahmanputinjail?A．Hedidn'ttakechargeofUniversitasNegeriJakarta.B．Heinspiredpeopletogoagainstthegovernment.C．Hedidn'tlikethepresidentofIndonesiaatthattime.D．HeencouragedIndonesianstofightfortheirrights.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）Todaythereismoretoreadthaneverbefore.Thewebsitestrytheirbestto1witheachotherbyofferingreadingupdates.Thesocialnewssitesarealwaysfilledwiththe2newsandstoriesonecanreadeverywhereonline.3,thereisnolastingvalueamidthewholecompetition.Asfarastheirvalueis4,Iassumeitmakesnomuch5whetheryoufindonetoreador6it.Ifyouaresomeonewhotendsto7meaninginlife,Iamsureyou’vefeltthiswayaswell.Wheneverthishappens,Ichoosetoturnbacktothe8,theoldenduringmeaningfulbooksthathave9thetestoftime.Mostpeoplebelieve,withourmodern10wehaveinventednewlife.Butthisisnotthe11.Whentheythinktheyareleadingalifecompletely12whattheirancestorshaddecadesago,theyare13stillsurroundedbyminordetailsandtheirliferemains14.Everythinghasitsparticularplace.Oldbooksteachyouhowtoliveandwhatit15tobehuman,withmoralstandards.Thisis16theystillplayanimportantpartinourlife.I’mgladthatIamnot17inthisopinion.Manypeopleagreethatthewisdomofthegreatesthumanminds18throughcenturiesisthemostvaluable19ofmankind.Tomakeclassicbooks20toyoungsters,schoolsshouldmakeitpossiblefortheirstudentstofindthebooksrecommendedbytheirteachersonthebook-shelvesinthelibrary.1、A．struggleB．communicateC．cooperateD．compete2、A．temporaryB．finalC．latestD．present3、A．HoweverB．ThereforeC．InsteadD．Besides4、A．regardedB．suggestedC．consideredD．concerned5、A．differenceB．senseC．commentD．progress6、A．preventB．loseC．missD．avoid7、A．giveupB．searchforC．setasideD．jokeabout8、A．articlesB．fictionsC．expertsD．classics9、A．madeB．stoodC．createdD．experimented10、A．serviceB．editionC．technologyD．construction11、A．caseB．baseC．lifeD．matter12、A．equaltoB．consistentwithC．differentfromD．similarto13、A．probablyB．actuallyC．usuallyD．potentially14、A．unchangedB．stableC．safeD．peaceful15、A．showsB．provesC．offersD．means16、A．whetherB．whyC．whenD．where17、A．aloneB．lonelyC．discouragedD．optimistic18、A．givenupB．carriedawayC．passeddownD．broughtup19、A．revolutionB．performancesC．processD．possessions20、A．attractiveB．accessibleC．suitableD．beneficial第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）语法填空Closeto70percentoftheworld'spopulationwillliveincitiesbytheyear2050.Expertswarnthatpopulation1．（grow）willworsenhousingcrisesinsomeareas.Largecitiesaroundtheworldalreadystrugglewithhousingproblems.Insomeneighborhoods,risinghousepriceshaveforced2．verypoorfromtheirhomes.Manypoorpeoplenowliveinsheltersoronthestreet.People3．（move）tolargecitiesnownotjustforhigh-payingjobs.Manyarealsolookingforthechancetoliveandworkwithotherpeople,careeradvancementandaccess（接触的机会）tomuch4．（good）resources.Somecountrieshavebuiltnewcapitalcities5．（help）ease（缓解）overcrowding.Theseeffortshelp,butdonotsolvetheproblem.Thereportsaysthatby2030,theworldwillhavehad43verylarge6．（city）,eachwithmorethan10millionpeople.TjadaMcKenna,7．ischiefoperatingofficerforanaidgroup,saysthattheabilitytoownahomeinmanycountriesisoftendifficult,8．（especial）forwomenandminoritygroups.Everycityisdifferentin9．（deal）withdevelopmentproblems.Eachonehasitsowneconomicforcesatworkanditsownhistory.Expertssaythatanswers10．thehousingcrisisandotherproblemsmustbedevelopedcitybycity.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。WhenIwashavingsupperlastsummer,Isawwhitecatintheyard.ItwassocutethatIcouldn’thelpplaywithit.Itwasnervousatfirst,andsoonwebecamegoodfriends.Onedaywhenitjumpedtomyroom,Idecidedtogaveitawarmbath,becauseitfurwasdirty.Astimegoesby,theweatherturnedtocoldgradually.Ithadtoleavetofindawarmlyplace,anditwouldcontinueitsjourney.WheneverIwishtoseeit,thatImustdoistoclosemyeye,anditwillappearinfrontofme.第二节书面表达（满分25分）29．（25分）假如下周将有一些来自友好校的英国师生到你校进行一周的友好访问,请你代表全体师生用英语写一篇欢迎词,内容包括:1.欢迎英国客人的到来；2.介绍在你校期间活动安排(参观学校;共同进行环保项目研究;足球比赛;参观中国家庭、吃中国美食);3.希望达到的目的:交流文化,相互学习。注意:1.词数100左右,开头结尾已给出,不计入总词数;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。HonorableBritishguests,dearteachersandfellowstudents,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thanksforlistening!

参考答案第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1、D2、B3、B4、C5、D6、D7、C8、C9、C10、A11、C12、D13、B14、A15、A16、B17、A18、C19、B20、B第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21、1、A2、D3、B4、C22、1、C2、D3、A4、D23、BookablestudyroomsThelibraryprovidesavarietyofbookablegroupstudyrooms,somewithpresentationareas,forgroupsofbetween6and12studentstouseforteamwork.GroupstudyroomsThereare10groupstudyroomsonLevel30fNorthamptonSquareLibrary.·Rooms3A,3F,3G,3H,3Jand3Kareequippedwithpresentationareatohelppreparegrouppresentations.·Rooms3B,3C,3Dand3Eareintendedforgroupdiscussionandseminarwork.Theseroomsareequippedwithwhiteboards.Whiteboardpenscanbeborrowedfrom