考研考博-英语-厦门大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Bobtakesprideindoingajobandgettingitdone______muchtimeisrequired.

问题1选项

A.nomatterhow

B.thematterso

C.inamatterof

D.forthematterof

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项nomatterhow“无论怎样；无论如何；不管如何；不管怎样”；C选项inamatterof“左右；大约只不过在……之内”；B选项和D选项无实际意义。句意：无论工作需要多少时间，鲍勃都能把它完成，并以此为傲。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Shespentahappyafternoon______hercoinsandstamps.

问题1选项

A.makingout

B.sortingout

C.figuringout

D.turningout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项makingout“理解；证明；填写完”；B选项sortingout“整理；挑选”；C选项figuringout“解决；算出”；D选项turningout“原来是”。句意：她______她的硬币和邮票，度过了一个快乐的下午。根据语境，sortingout“整理；挑选”搭配coinsandstamps“硬币和邮票”比较合适。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Theenvironmentiseverythingthatsurroundsus:plants,animals,buildings,country,air,andwater——literallyeverythingthatcanaffectusinanyway.Theenvironmentofatown,withitsbuildingsandtrafficanditsnoiseandsmells,whereeveryoneisontopofeveryoneelse,isafarcryfromthatofthecountryside,withitsfieldsandcrops,itswildanddomesticanimalsanditsfeelingofspaciousness.Andtheenvironmentdiffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.

Ecologyisthescienceofhowlivingcreaturesandplantsexisttogetheranddependoneachotherandonthelocalenvironment.Whereanenvironmentisundisturbed,theecologyofanareaisinbalance,butifacreatureisexterminated（灭绝）oranalienspeciesintroduced,thentheecologyofthedistrictwillbeupset——inotherwords,thebalanceofnaturewillbedisturbed.

Manisapartoftheenvironmentandhasdonemoretoupsettheecologyduringhisshortspanonearththananyotherlivingcreature.Hehasdonethisbyhisignorance,hisgreed,hisfoolishnessandhiswastefulness.

Hehaspoisonedthatatmosphereandpollutedbothlandandwater.Hehaswastedtheearth’snaturalresourceswithnothoughtforthefuture,andhasthoughtoutthemostdevastatingwaysofkillinghisfellowmen——andeveryothersortoflifeatthesametime.

Sincemanhasdonesomuchdamage,itisuptomantotrytoputmattersright—ifitisnotalreadytoolate.Ifthereistobeanyremedyforourills,thatremedyultimatelyliesinthehandsoftheyoung,andthesoonertheystartdoingsomethingaboutit,thebetter.

Oneofthemaincausesoftheearth’stroublesisthattheworldisoverpopulatedandthatthisoverpopulationisgrowingatanever-increasingrate.Atthesametime,weareusingupournaturalresources—fuelsandmineralores—atanever-increasingratewithnohopeofreplacingthem.

Formanyyearstheearthhasbeenunabletoprovideenoughfoodfortheserapidlyexpandingpopulationsandthepositionissteadilydeterioratingsincethefertilityofsomeofourrichestsoilshasbeenlostandvastareasthatwereoncefertilelandshaveturnedintobarrendeserts.Andthetroublewithdesertsisthattheytendtocreepoutwardsontothefertilesoils.WhatisnowthenorthernSaharaDesertwasthegranary（粮仓）ofthecivilizedworld2,500yearsago.

Evenatthismomentmanyoftheearth’snaturaltreasuresarebeingdestroyed,manyvaluableanimalsandplantsarebeingkilledoff,anditisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttogrowenoughfoodtopreservemuchoftheearth’spopulationfromstarvation.Thesituationisgettingoutofhand.Timeisrunningout.Butwithyourhelp,wemaybeabletoreversethetrendswhichthreatenourveryexistence.Whocares?

1.Theecologyofanareaisinbalanceif（

）.

2.Duringhislifeonearth,manhas（

）.

3.Theyoung（

）.

4.Oneofthegreatestproblemsisthatthereare（

）.

5.Themainpurposeofthispassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thereisnonoise

B.thereisnointerruption

C.thereisnointerference

D.therearenopeople

问题2选项

A.donemorethananylivingcreature

B.causedthemostdamagetotheecology

C.damagedtheecologymorethanotherlivingcreatures

D.donemoreharmthangood

问题3选项

A.canhandletheproblem

B.havetheanswertotheproblem

C.areresponsiblefortheproblem

D.holdtheresponsibilityforthefuture

问题4选项

A.manypeopleintheworldexpandingrapidly

B.toomanypeopleintheworld,andtheirnumbersareincreasing

C.toomanypeopleincreasingintheworld

D.toomanypeopleintheworldalwaysexpanding

问题5选项

A.toinformpeopleaboutthescienceofecology

B.toencouragepeopletodosomethingabouttheenvironment

C.tocriticizeMan’sactions

D.tohelpusunderstandtheworldwelivein

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第二段第二句Whereanenvironmentisundisturbed,theecologyofanareaisinbalance,butifacreatureisexterminatedoranalienspeciesintroduced,thentheecologyofthedistrictwillbeupset——inotherwords,thebalanceofnaturewillbedisturbed提到环境没有遭到破坏的地方就是生态平衡的地方，但是如果有某一种生物灭绝或者有外来物种入侵，那么这个地方的生态系统就会被破坏，换言之，自然界的生态平衡被打破。所以选项C符合题意。

2.文章第三段Manisapartoftheenvironmentandhasdonemoretoupsettheecologyduringhisshortspanonearththananyotherlivingcreature提到人类是环境的一部分，在其存在于地球上的短暂时间中，对生态造成的破坏比其他任何生物都多。选项C符合题意。

3.文章第五段ifitisnotalreadytoolate.Ifthereistobeanyremedyforourills,thatremedyultimatelyliesinthehandsoftheyoung,andthesoonertheystartdoingsomethingaboutit,thebetter提到现在还不算太晚，还有补救的机会，主要就是靠年青一代，并且这些补救措施越早实施越好。选项D符合题意。

4.文章第六段oneofthemaincausesoftheearth’stroublesisthattheworldisoverpopulatedandthatthisoverpopulationisgrowingatanever-increasingrate提到让地球变成如今这样的主要原因之一便是世界人口过多，并且人口的数量还在不断增加。选项B符合题意。

5.文章主要讲了人类对生态平衡造成的破坏，并且呼吁人们在还没到无法挽回的地步前赶紧采取措施，避免生态进一步恶化。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Thetoolsoftheinformationagecanreinforce,ratherthanerode,thelocalcharacterofknowledgesystem.

问题1选项

A.transform

B.spoil

C.replace

D.diminish

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.transform使改变外观（或性质）B.spoil破坏，搞坏，毁掉（把好的东西变成坏的、令人不快的、无用的东西）

C.replace代替，取代D.diminish减少，（使）减弱，降低（某物变小、变弱）

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】erode的意思为“逐渐毁坏，削弱，损害（摧毁某物或使其变得更弱）”，有破坏的意思，和reinforce“加强；加固”的意思相反，这里指信息时代的工具不会破坏知识体系的地方性，反而会巩固和加强其地方性，spoil表示破坏和毁掉，与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项词义与之不符；

D选项侧重于减弱，没有到破坏的地步，词义不同。

【句意】信息时代的工具可以巩固加强而不是破坏知识体系的地方性。

5.单选题

Manywomenstillfeelthattheyarebeing（）byamaleculture,particularlyintheprofessionalservicessector.

问题1选项

A.heldback

B.heldforth

C.heldon

D.heldout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项heldback“阻碍”；B选项heldforth“提供”；C选项heldon“坚持”；D选项heldout“伸出”。句意：许多女性仍然感到男性文化阻碍了她们的发展，尤其是在专业服务领域。本句表示男性文化阻碍了女性的发展，因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Mygrandfatherhadalwaystakena（）interestinmywork,andIhadanequaladmirationforthestoriesofhistime.

问题1选项

A.splendid

B.weighty

C.vague

D.keen

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项splendid“壮丽的”；B选项weighty“重的”；C选项vague“模糊的”；D选项keen“热切的”。句意：我的祖父一直对我的作品很感兴趣，我也同样欣赏他那个时代的故事。本句表示有浓厚的兴趣，因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Afterhydrogen,heliumisthesecondmostabundantelementintheuniverse.Buthowdoastronomersknowthat?ItmightseemthatthephilosopherAugusteComtewasonsolidgroundwhenhestatedin1844that,becauseoftheremotenessofthestars,wecouldneverknowtheirchemicalcomposition.Yetonlyafewyearslaterchemistsdiscoveredthatunderthepropercircumstanceseveryelementemitsacertaincombinationofcolorsoflightthatcanidentifyit,justasyourfingerprintscanidentifyyou.Byanalyzingthelightcomingfromstars,astronomershavebeenabletoidentifythedifferentchemicalelementsinthestarsandincosmicspace,aswellastheirrelativequantities.Itisaninterestinghistoricalnotethatheliumwasactuallyfoundonthesun,in1868,beforeitwasfoundonearth,inthe1890s.(ThenameheliumcomesfromtheGreekworldhellos,meaning“sun”)

Thecentralprincipleofchemistryisthatallmatteriscomposedofatoms.Theseatomsemitthecolorsoflightthatcharacterizeeachelement.Eachatomconsistsofanucleus,orpositivelychargedcore,andaroundthisnucleusareelectrons,whicharenegativelychargedparticles.Thecharacteristiclightemittedbyanatomgivesusinformationaboutthearrangementofelectronsabouttheatomicnucleus.Thisarrangementdeterminesthechemicalpropertiesoftheatom.

Theatomicnumberofanelementisthenumberofprotonsinthenucleusofoneofitsatoms.Theatomicnumberisafundamentalproperty,becauseitalsoequalsthenumberofelectronsaroundthenucleusinthenormal(electricallyneutral)atom,andtheseelectronsdeterminetheatom’schemicalproperties.Theperiodictableoftheelements(thatis,theirarrangementintotherowsandcolumnsbasedontheirchemicalandphysicalproperties)isaresultofthewaytheelectronsarearrangedintheatoms,andthisarrangementorstructuredependsonthenumberofelectronsandthusontheatomicstructure.

1.Inthispassage,fundamentalmeans（）.

2.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto（）.

3.AugusteComtesaidthatwecouldneverknowthecompositionofthestarsbecausetheyare（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,acentralprincipleofchemistryisthat（）.

5.Thetoneofthispassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

6.Theorganizationalpatternofthefirstparagraphofthispassageis（）.

7.Theauthorexplainsthecharacteristicpatternofcoloremittedbyeachelementbycomparingthispatternto（）.

问题1选项

A.first

B.heavy

C.basic

D.early

问题2选项

A.persuade

B.inform

C.entertain

D.tellastory

问题3选项

A.movingawayfromus

B.veryfaraway

C.veryhot

D.madeofhelium

问题4选项

A.differentatomsemitdifferentcoloroflight

B.thesuncontainshelium

C.theatomicnumberisafundamentalproperty

D.allmatteriscomposedofatoms

问题5选项

A.objective

B.poetic

C.hostile

D.opinionated

问题6选项

A.chronologicalorder

B.spatialorder

C.definition

D.exampleillustration

问题7选项

A.thescalesofafish

B.thefeathersofabird

C.afootprint

D.afingerprint.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:D

【解析】1.词汇题。根据原文可知“fundamentalproperty”指基本性质，fundamental意为“基础的，基本的”，basic也表示“基本的”。所以选项C正确。

2.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是从客观公正的角度描述事实，讲述化学物质氦的构成及其性质，所以选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“becauseoftheremotenessofthestars,wecouldneverknowtheirchemicalcomposition.”由于星星距离遥远，我们永远无法知道它们的化学成分。选项B符合原文。

4.根据第二段第一句“Thecentralprincipleofchemistryisthatallmatteriscomposedofatoms.”化学的核心原则是所有的物质都是由原子构成的。选项D符合原文。

5.观点态度题。根据原文可知，本文主要是从客观公正的角度描述事实，所以作者的态度是客观的，选项A正确。

6.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段是用举例说明的方法来介绍氦元素的发现过程，所以选项D正确。chronologicalorder时间顺序；spatialorder空间顺序；definition下定义；exampleillustration举例说明。

7.细节事实题。根据第一段第四句“underthepropercircumstanceseveryelementemitsacertaincombinationofcolorsoflightthatcanidentifyit,justasyourfingerprintscanidentifyyou.”在适当的情况下，每一种元素都会发出一种特定的光的颜色组合来识别它，就像你的指纹可以识别你一样。由此可知，作者是将光和指纹进行对比，选项D正确。

8.单选题

Forallherrichexperienceinpracticinglaw,thelawyerfailedtoprymuchinformationoutofthe______witness.

问题1选项

A.sophisticated

B.obstinate

C.sober

D.gloomy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sophisticated“复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的”；B选项obstinate“顽固的；倔强的；难以控制的”；C选项sober“冷静的，清醒的；未醉的”；D选项gloomy“黑暗的；沮丧的；阴郁的”。句意：尽管这位律师有丰富的律师执业经验，但她未能从这位固执的证人那里打听到多少信息。因此B选项正确。

9.写作题

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonCellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow.

1.Thepresentsituation;

2.Itsadvantages;

3.Itsdisadvantages;

4.Yoursuggestions.

【答案】CellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?

Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandinformationindustry,cellphonesplayanimportantroleinpeople’s,especiallytownspeople’slife.But,likeeverythingelse,theyareamixedblessing.

First,it’suseful.Asawirelesstelephone,itcanbecarriedanywhereonewantstogoandcanbeusedtocallthecalleehoweverfarawayheorsheis.Therefore,itgreatlyfacilitatespeople’slife.Second,it’sconvenient.Wheneveronegetsintotroubleormeetssomethingurgent,onecanaskforhelpbymakingaphonecallimmediately.Mostimportantofall,it’saveryhelpfulcompanion.Withamultifunctionalcellphoneinhand,onecaneasilylogon,browsingusefulinformation,conductingE-commerceanddoingwhateveronecandoviatheInternet.

However,justaseverythinghastwosides,thecellphonealsohasmanydisadvantages.First,itmayaffectothers’attention.Forexample,somepeopleusetheircellphoneswhilelisteningtoalectureorattendingameeting,whichundoubtedlydistractstheattentionofothers,thusseriouslyaffectingtheatmosphereofthelectureorthemeeting.Second,itdoesmoreharmtoprimaryschoolstudentsandevenjuniormiddleschoolstudents.Manyofthemdonotknowhowdifficultitisfortheirparentstoearnmoney,theywastealotofmoneychattingwiththeirfriendsorgettingontheNetbymeansoftheircellphones.Worstofall,quiteanumberofadulttesteescheatontheirtestsbyusingtheircellphones.

Inmyview,itisunreasonableandimpossibletobantheuseofcellphonesamongyoungstudents.Whatreallycountsistousecellphonesontherightoccasions.SoIstronglysuggestforbiddingturningonthecellphoneinclass,ontestsoratmeetings.Anothersuggestionistoforbidprimaryschoolstudentsandjuniormiddlestudentstousecellphonesintheirschoolsonweekdays.Ofcoursetheycanusetheirsathomeorelsewhereonweekends.

10.翻译题

诚然，揭发一个不道德行为问题，大都不是一件容易的事。有时候，匿名是可能的，但并不总是这样。过去，曾发生被控告者或被怀疑的同事进行报复的事并产生了严重后果。关于不轨行为的任何举报，都是一个需要认真对待的重要指控。如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位，乃至整个科学。

【答案】Admittedly,itisnotalwayseasytoexposeanunethicalbehavior.Itispossibletobeanonymoussometimes,butnotalways.Inthepast,therewerecasesofretaliationbyaccusedorsuspectedcolleagueswithseriousconsequences.Anyallegationofmisconductisimportantandshouldbetakenseriously.Ifnothandledproperly,asingleonecanseriouslyharmtheaccused,theaccuser,theinstitutionconcerned,andscienceasawhole.

11.单选题

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines（廉价并且趣味低级的杂志）,theBug-EyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitandfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,curvaceous,scantilycladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Incontrasttothisunwarrantedstereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andwhenitdoes,itismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.Instead,thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudyingfornootherliteraryfromdoesquitethesamethings.

Whatissciencefiction?Tobegin,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowstheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwillnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown,thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral,thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefiction,ingeneral,appliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asetting,characters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarrator,story,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause（

）.

2.Thefinalsentenceinthepassageimpliesthat

（

）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthatpeoplereadsciencefictionespeciallyfor

（

）.

4.Anappropriatetitleforthispassagewouldbe

（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepopularimageofsciencefictionis（

）.

问题1选项

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiteraiygenre.

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation.

C.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction.

D.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon.

问题2选项

A.Thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction.

B.Thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction.

C.Thereadershouldcompareothernovelsandstoriestosciencefiction.

D.Thosewhocanappreciateprosefictioncanappreciatesciencefiction.

问题3选项

A.thediscoveryofmeaning

B.thebeautyoflanguage

C.thedisplayofcharacter

D.thepsychologicalcomplexity

问题4选项

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

C.ATypeofProseFiction.

D.BeyondtheBug-EyedMonster.

问题5选项

A.prejudiced

B.impartial

C.worthy

D.admiring

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral,thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.”可知科幻小说具有其他小说很多相同的特点，因此C选项“它与其他类型的散文小说有着共同的特点”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.”总之，阅读、欣赏科幻小说和任何其它故事或小说的原因以及研究和分析它们的方法基本上是同样的，可推测出能欣赏散文小说的那些人也能欣赏科幻小说，因为阅读它们的方法基本一样，因此选D。

3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.”

此外，与任何散文一样，科幻小说的主题关注于解释人类的本性以及人类与自身周围世界有关的经历。因此A选项“发现意义”符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了科幻小说的定义，并介绍了它的特点、主题以及与其他文学作品的相同点，因此选B。

5.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines...Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.”许多人似乎认为科幻小说的典型代表是一些廉价并且趣味低级的杂志的封面……这是不幸的，因为它贬低了一个有价值甚至重要的文学努力。可知作者认为人们对科幻小说的流行形象是有世俗偏见的，因此选A。

12.单选题

Whatyousaynowisnot（）withwhatyousaidlastweek.

问题1选项

A.consistent

B.persistent

C.permanent

D.insistent

【答案】A

【解析】consistent一致的；persistent固执的；permanent永久的，不变的；insistent坚持的。句意：你现在所说的与你上星期所说的不一致。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Theparty,（）Iwastheguestofhonor,wasextremelyenjoyable

问题1选项

A.bywhich

B.forwhich

C.towhich

D.atwhich

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我以贵宾身份参加这个聚会,聚会极其令人愉快。

语法题。考查定语从句。空格所在句为which引导的定语从句修饰先行词party(聚会)。与party搭配的介词通常为at或in。因此选D。

14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.

Theregularuseoftextmessagesande-mailscanlowertheIQmorethantwiceasmuchassmokingmarijuana.Thatistheclaimofpsychologistswhohavefoundthattappingawayonamobilephoneorcomputerkeypadorcheckingthemforelectronicmessagestemporarilyknocksupto10pointsofftheuser’sIQ.Thisrateofdeclineinintelligencecomparesunfavorablywiththefour-pointdropinIQassociatedwithsmokingmarijuana,accordingtoBritishresearchers,whohavelabeledthetemporaryphenomenonofincreasedstupidityas“infomania”.ResearchonsleepdeprivationsuggeststhattheIQdropcausedbyelectronicobsessionisequaltoawakefulnight.ThenoticeabledropinIQisattributedtotheconstantdistractionof“alwayson”technologywhenemployeesshouldbeconcentratingonwhattheyarepaidtodo.Infomaniameansthattheyloseconcentrationastheirmindsremainfixedinanalmostpermanentstateofreadinesstoreacttotechnologyinsteadoffocusingonthetaskinhand.

【答案】经常收发短信和电子邮件会降低你的IQ，其损害程度甚至是吸食大麻对智力损害程度的两倍多。心理学家发现人们在使用手机或电脑键盘打字或者用它们查询电子信息时，智力会暂时降低10个百分点。英国研究人员称，与吸食大麻相比，电子信息对智力的不利影响大的多。人在吸食大麻时智商会降低4个百分点。研究人员将这种暂时变笨的现象称为“信息狂躁”。关于剥夺睡眠的研究表明因为痴迷于电子产品而造成的智力衰退相当于一夜失眠。造成这种智力明显衰退的原因在于当员工们应该集中精力工作时，“无处不在”的科技却总是不断分散他们的注意力。信息狂躁是指他们的意识近乎一直处于一种随时对“技术”做出反应的状态，因而无法将注意力集中在手头的工作上。

15.单选题

Ourhotelcan（）doublethenumberofguests

participatinginyourconference.

问题1选项

A.ascribe

B.accommodate

C.assert

D.avert

【答案】B

【解析】ascribe指归因于；accommodate指容纳、住宿；assert指断言,肯定；avert指转移。句意：我们宾馆可接纳的顾客人数是你们参会人数的两倍。选项B符合句意。

16.单选题

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite（）asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

问题1选项

A.respected

B.respective

C.respectful

D.respectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respected“受尊敬的”；B选项respective“分别的，各自的”；C选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；D选项respectable“值得尊敬的，人格高尚的，相当数量的”。句意：邻居们认为他不（），因为大多数晚上他都会用醉醺醺的歌声把他们吵醒。这里表达的句意是“他不值得尊敬”，因此D选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Aliquidcanbekeptinanopencontainerandfillittothelevelofafreesurface.Agasformsnofreesurfacebut______todiffusethroughoutthespaceavailable.

问题1选项

A.tends

B.intends

C.inclines

D.contends

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tend表示“趋向，倾向，照料”，tendto表示“趋向，注意，易于”，指朝着一个方向发展或者有某种品质；B项intend表示“打算，想要，意指”，intendto表示“打算做，想要”；C项incline表示“倾向于，（使）倾向于，赞同（某人或某事）”，inclineto表示“倾向于……，向……倾斜”，指倾向于用某种方式思考或者表现，被要求做某事；D项contend表示“竞争，奋斗，斗争”，不和to搭配。根据句子的主语gas（气体），结合but转折后面的动词diffuse（扩散）可知，A项“倾向于”符合语境。句意：液体可以保存在一个开放的容器中，并将其装满到一个自由面的水平；气体没有形成自由面，而是倾向于在整个可用的空间中扩散。因此，该题选择A项正确。

18.单选题

Thesurveyfound80percentofviewerswere（）bytheviolentscenesinthefilm.

问题1选项

A.eliminated

B.alerted

C.offended

D.discouraged

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项eliminated“被淘汰，消除”；B选项alerted“使警觉，警告”；C选项offended“冒犯，生气”；D选项discouraged“使……灰心”。句意：调查发现，80%的观众对影片中的暴力镜头感到（）。这里表达的含义是“对暴力镜头感到被冒犯（反感）”。因此C选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Theteachersaidthathewouldn’ttolerate______lateeveryday.

问题1选项

A.formetoarrive

B.mearrived

C.metoarrive

D.myarriving

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词用法。句意：老师说他不能容忍我每天迟到。toleratesth.意为“忍受某事”；toleratedoingsth.意为“忍受继续做相同的事”；toleratetodosth.意为“忍受做另一件事”，所以D选项myarriving作宾语符合题意。因此D选项正确。

20.单选题

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnoldarboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasarboretumdirectorJan.1hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch”thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtomollifythosewhodemandedcreditfortheirownearlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceMonday(Jan.10)，until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.

Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin’sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman’stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin’sEvolutionistAncestors，”tookplaceatthearboretum’sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin’sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin’swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies”.Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedtomeonnaturalselectionthatwouldn’tseepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace’sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace’sideasgalvanizedDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan“abstract”oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho’dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea，somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave一suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies，”wastheonlythinkerofthetimewhohadallthreeofthosetraits,Friedmansaid.

“Darwinhadtheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea，”Friedmansaid,addingthatevenWallace,whoseclaimtonewthinkingonevolutionandnaturalselectionwasstrongerthanalltheothers,paidhomagetoDarwinbytitlinghis1889bookonthesubject,“Darwinism.’’

1.AccordingtoWilliamFriedman,Darwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”isgreatinthat______.

2.FriedmanbelievesthatDarwinattacheda“historicalsketch”tolaterprintingsofhisbookinanattemptto_______.

3.InFriedman’sview,Darwin’soriginalityliesin_______.

4.WehavelearnedthatatfirstDarwinintendedtowritehisideain（）

5.Scientificdiscoveryrequiredallthefollowin