考研考博-英语-周口职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-周口职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ParliamentaryleadersfailedtounderstandtheAmericancolonist.TheythoughttheAmericanwouldbuythecheap,legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.

InSeptember,1773,theEastIndiaCompanyPlannedtoship500,000poundsofteatotheirAmericanagentsinportsalongtheAtlanticcoast.WhenthecolonistslearnedabouttheEastIndiaCompany’splan,localteamerchantsinAmericanportsfromSouthCarolinatoMainetookstepstomeetthisattempttodrivethemoutofbusiness.TheBoltonTeaPartywasthemostviolentofthesesteps.Followingthisactofrebellion,GovernorHutchinsoncalledit“theboldeststrokewhichhadbeenstruckinAmerica.”

Parliamentrespondedtothisactofdefiancein1774bypassingaseriesofactsknownastheCoerciveActs.TheyweredesignedtopunishBostonandtoshowcoloniststhroughoutAmericathatEnglandwouldnottoleratesuchresistancetoitsauthority.

1.Accordingtothepassage,parliamentaryleaders（

）.

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

（

）.

3.WhatwastheCoerciveActs?

4.WhatdidtheAmericansdowhentheEastIndiaCompanyplannedtoshipthousandsofpoundsofteatoAmerica?

5.Theword“smuggled”mostlikelymeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.importedteafromSouthCarolina

B.weregreatteadrinkers

C.misjudgedtheAmericancolonist

D.fearedthattheywouldhavetobuycheaptea

问题2选项

A.theAmericanswantedtobuyteafromHolland

B.teainHollandwascheaperthanthatinEngland

C.thecrowdwasgrowingmorepatient

D.theAmericansagreedtotheimpositionofthetax

问题3选项

A.TheyweredesignedtohelppaythecostofprotectingthecoloniesfromtheIndians.

B.TheyweretopermittheEastIndiaCompanytoshipteadirectlytoAmericanports

C.Theywereaseriesofactsknownasthetaxontea

D.TheyweredesignedtoshowAmericansthatEnglandwouldnotbepatientwiththeirresistance

问题4选项

A.Theytriedtodrivethemoutofbusiness

B.TheymedtowelcometheteamerchantsfromtheEastIndiaCompany

C.Theywaitedforthemeetingtodiscussthetaxontea.

D.Theytriedtoacceptportdutiesonimports.

问题5选项

A.togetridof

B.tomakeunabletogetair

C.oortakesth.outofacountrywithoutpaymentoflegalduties

D.tobreakintopiecewithviolenceandnoise

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段，“ParliamentaryleadersfailedtounderstandtheAmericancolonist.”，可知议会领导人未能了解美国殖民者。下文就用具体事例说明，他们误以为这些北美殖民者们会购买东印度公司更加便宜的茶叶。可判断出议会的领导人错误地判断了美国殖民者的意图和行为。因此选项C符合题意。

2.判断推理题。根据文章第一段第二句，“TheythoughttheAmericanwouldbuythecheap,legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.”，可知他们认为美国人会买便宜合法的东印度公司的茶叶，而不是购买从荷兰走私来的更贵的茶叶。可判断出美国人更愿意从荷兰购买茶叶。因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“TheyweredesignedtopunishBostonandtoshowcoloniststhroughoutAmericathatEnglandwouldnottoleratesuchresistancetoitsauthority.”，可知他们制定这一系列强制性法案的目的是惩罚波士顿，并向美洲各地的殖民者表明，英国不会容忍这种对其权威的反抗。可判断出制定此法案的目的实际上是向美国人表明，英国不会容忍他们的反抗。因此选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“WhenthecolonistslearnedabouttheEastIndiaCompany’splan,localteamerchantsinAmericanportsfromSouthCarolinatoMainetookstepstomeetthisattempttodrivethemoutofbusiness.”，可知当殖民者得知东印度公司的计划时，从南卡罗来纳到缅因州的美国港口的当地茶叶商人采取一系列措施使他们破产。可判断出当东印度公司计划向美国运送数千磅茶叶时，美国人企图采取措施让他们破产。因此选项A符合题意。

5.词义理解题。根据文章第一段第二句，“…legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.”，可知美国人购买从荷兰走私的更贵的茶叶，而不是合法的东印度公司的茶叶，句子中legal和smuggled形成对比，可知smuggled的意思为“走私的”，可将smuggle解释为将某物输入或输出一个国家而不需要支付合法税款。因此选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Itistimethenationsoftheworld（

）ahalttothemanufactureofnuclearweapons.

问题1选项

A.wouldcall

B.call

C.called

D.willcall

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。Itistime(that)sb.didsth.意为“是做某事的时候了...”。句意：世界各国是时候停止制造核武器了。所以选项C正确。

3.单选题

Hemighthavebeenkilled（

）thearrivalofthepolice.

问题1选项

A.exceptfor

B.butfor

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。butfor“要不是，如果没有”；exceptfor“除了…以外”。句意：要不是警察来了，他可能已经被杀了。mighthavebeenkilled是对过去的推测，故B项正确。

4.单选题

I'mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit（）.

问题1选项

A.decreases

B.contracts

C.constringes

D.shrinks

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项decrease“减少”，B项contract“收缩”，C项constringe“使收敛”，D项名词shrink“缩水”；句意：我不敢洗那件衬衫，怕它会缩水。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Poseidonsatathisdesk,doingfigures.Theadministrationofallthewatersgavehimendlesswork.Hecouldhavehadassistants,asmanyashewanted一andhedidhaveverymany一butsincehetookhisjobveryseriously,hewouldintheendgooverallthefiguresandcalculationshimself,andthushisassistantswereoflittlehelptohim.Itcannotbesaidthatheenjoyedhiswork:hediditonlybecauseithadbeenassignedtohim;infact,hehadalreadyfiledmanypetitionsfor—asheputit—morecheerfulwork,buteverytimetheofferofsomethingdifferentwasmadetohimitwouldturnoutthatnothingsuitedhimquiteaswellashispresentposition.Andanyhowitwasquitedifficulttofindsomethingdifferentforhim.Afterall,itwasimpossibletoassignhimtoaparticularsea:asidefromthefactthateventhentheworkwithfigureswouldnotbecomelessbutonlypettier,thegreatPoseidoncouldinanycaseoccupyonlyanexecutiveposition.Andwhenajobawayfromthewaterwasofferedtohimhewouldgetsickattheveryprospect,hisdivinebreathingwouldbecometroubledandhisbrazenchestbegantotremble.Besides,hiscomplaintswerenotreallytakenseriously;whenoneofthemightyisvexatioustheappearanceofaneffortmustbemadetoplacatehim,evenwhenthecaseismosthopeless.InactualityashiftofpostswasunthinkableforPoseidon—hehadbeenappointedGodoftheSeainthebeginning,andthathehadtoremain.

Whatirritatedhimmost一anditwasthisthatwaschieflyresponsibleforhisdissatisfactionwithhisjob—wastohearoftheconceptionsformedabouthim:howhewasalwaysridingaboutthroughthetideswithhistrident.Whenallthewhilehesathereinthedepthsoftheworld-ocean,doingfiguresuninterruptedly,withnowandthenatriptoJupiterastheonlybreakinthemonotony—atrip,moreover,fromwhichheusuallyreturnedinarage.Thushehadhardlyseenthesea—hadseenitbutquicklyinthecourseofhurriedtripstoOlympus,andhehadneveractuallytraveledaroundit.Hewasinthehabitofsayingthatwhathewaswaitingforwasthefalloftheworld;then,probably,aquietmomentwouldbegrantedinwhich,justbeforetheendandhavingcheckedthelastrowoffigures,hewouldbeabletomakeaquick,littletour.

Poseidonbecameboredwiththesea.Heletfallhistrident.Silentlyhesatontherockycoastandagull,dazedbyhispresence,describedwaveringcirclesaroundhishead.

1.Theunderlinedsentence("It…him")inthefirstparagraphsuggestthatPoseidonregardedhisworkwith().

2.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor'sdescriptionofPoseidon'sroutine("how...inarage")that().

3.Accordingtothepassage,Poseidon'sdissatisfactionwithhisjobprimarilystemsfrom()

4.TheauthorofthepassageportraysthegodPoseidonas().

5.PoseidonisunabletochangeoccupationsforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT().

问题1选项

A.resignation

B.enthusiasm

C.hostility

D.intimidation

问题2选项

A.PoseidonprefersperforminghisdutiestovisitingJupiter

B.Poseidonistoobusytofamiliarizehimselfwithhiskingdom

C.Poseidonrequiressilencefortheperformanceofhisduties

D.Poseidon'sdissatisfactionwithhisjobdetractsfromhisefficiency

问题3选项

A.theconstanttravelthatisrequiredofhim

B.thelackofseriousnesswithwhichhiscomplaintsarereceived

C.theconstantlychangingnatureofhisduties

D.other'smistakennotionsofhisroutine

问题4选项

A.adissatisfiedbureaucrat

B.apowerfulgod

C.adiscontentedvagabond

D.acapableaccountant

问题5选项

A.hisappointmentasGodoftheSeaisinherentlyunchangeable

B.hehasfallenintodisfavorwiththegodsonMountOlympus

C.hecannotimaginealifeawayfromthewater

D.nothingelsesuitshimaswellashispresentposition

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.Poseidon对他工作的态度是()。resignation放任,服从;enthusiasm热心,热忱;hostility敌对;intimidation恐吓,威胁。根据划线部分的内容可知,不能说他喜欢他的工作,他这样做只是因为这是分配给他的。所以他的态度是听之任之的,选项A正确。

2.根据划线部分的描述可知,作者是想表达Poseidon对工作的不满导致了工作效率的下降,选项D正确。

3.根据第二段的第一句"Whatirritatedhimmost一anditwasthisthatwaschieflyresponsibleforhisdissatisfactionwithhisjob—wastohearoftheconceptionsformedabouthim..."最让他生气的是听到别人对他的意见,正是这一因素导致了他对工作的不满。选项D符合原文。

4.根据文字内容可知,作者将Poseidon描述为不满的官僚,选项A正确。其他选项均不符合原文。

5.根据第一段后半部分的内容可知,选项A.C,D均是Poseidon无法改变职业的原因,只有选项B在文中没有提及。

6.单选题

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo（

）bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

问题1选项

A.unrecorded

B.tobeunrecorded

C.unrecording

D.tohavebeenunrecorded

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配题。根据句意‘这些调查表明许多犯罪…，主要因为不是所有的受害者都会举报。’确定空格处填的意思是否定含义‘没有被记录’，动词go与否定式的过去分词连用，表示某动作未发生，A选项正确。

7.不定项选择题

Cellphoneusehasexplodedinmanycountries,easingcommunicationbetweenindividualsbutcausingsocialuneasinessaswell.IntheindustrializedWest,cellphoneusehasleapfroggedoverconventionalphonenetworksthatreliedoncumbersometelephonelinesandexpensiveundergroundwiring.InAsiancountries,especiallypooreroneslikeCambodia,suchhighinfrastructurecostsarebeingavoidedbysimplymovingtowirelesscommunication.

However,eveninthemostmoderncountries,cellphoneusehasprovedsomewhatofanovelty,onethathasrequiredaredefinitionofsocialconventions.Theabilitytoalwaysbeconnectedwithanotherperson,nomatterwhereonetravels,’hasledtoafrictionofpersonalspaceanddifferentperceptionsonthevalueofcommunication.Today,cellphoneuserscantalktofriends,workersandfamilymemberswhilecatchingabus,walkingalongthestreetorclimbingaflightofstairs.

Butwhatofthepeoplearoundcellphoneusers?Oftenaloudcellcallinamovietheaterorarecitalhallwillbringsighsofannoyancebytheaudienceasimpatiencewithbeepingandringingincreases.Butshouldgovernmentstepintoregulatetheuseofcellphonesandrestricttheiruse?Somearguethatmarketforcesarebestsuitedtosolvingconsumerdissatisfaction.Proponentsofthisperspectivecitenewrulesinmovietheatersandconcerthallsthatrequirepatronstoturnofftheircellphonesbeforetheperformancebegins.

Others,however,seearoleforgovernmentinharnessingthisnewtechnology.Insomestates,itisnowillegaltodriveandtalkonamobilephone.Asaresponsetotheselawsandbecauseofthecomplicationsofperformingmorethanonetaskwhilespeakingonacellphone,.companieshavedevelopedheadsetssothatuserscantalk“handsfree”.Nevertheless,thissolutionhasperhapsaggravatedsocialfrictionbymakingcellphoneuseevenmoreconvenient.Manyusersarenowseentalkingtothemselves—asignnotofmentalinstability—butoftherapidexpansionofmoderntechnology.

Regardlessofprivateorpublicrestrictionsontheuseofcellphones,societystillhasalongwaytogobeforeitcantrulyacceptandadapttotheburdensofcellphoneuseonthirdparties.Onlywhendistinctsocialnormsarecreatedtodealwithcommoncellphoneusewillthetechnologybecomemoreacceptedandviewedlessasanirritant.

1.TheexampleofCambodiainthefirstparagraphisusedtorepresentacountythat______.

2.Theword“leapfrogged”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeansthat______.

3.InParagraph3,whatistheauthor’spositioninregardtocellphoneuserestriction?

4.Accordingtothepassage,oneunforeseenconsequenceofhandfreeusehasbeen______.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmustbeachievedbeforecellphoneusecanbetrulyaccepted?

问题1选项

A.needsmorephones

B.hasahighpercentageofcellphoneusers

C.usescellphonestoavoidhighinfrastructurecostsoftraditionalphonesystems

D.usesmail

问题2选项

A.cellphonetechnologyisrapidlybecomingoutofdate

B.cellphoneuserscommunicatebyjumpingovernormalphonelines

C.cellphoneuseisexpandingatarapidrate

D.cellphoneusehasreplacedandsurpassedtraditionalphoneuse

问题3选项

A.Aneutralstance.

B.Firmsupportforrestriction.

C.Oppositiontoanyrestriction.

D.Ambiguousness.

问题4选项

A.anincreaseincellphonecosts

B.anincreasedincidentofunusualbehavior

C.anincreaseintrafficaccidents

D.adecreaseinbraincancerfromcellphoneuse

问题5选项

A.Governmentmustpasslawstipulatingtheconditionsofcellphoneuse.

B.Socialnormsonnormalcellphoneuseneedtobeadopted.

C.Lawsoncellphoneusemustbeharmonizedwithsocialnorms.

D.Cellphoneuseshouldcontinuewithoutrestrictions.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.TheexampleofCambodiainthefirstparagraphisusedtorepresentacountythat______.1.第一段中柬埔寨的例子是用来代表______的一个国家。

A.needsmorephonesA.需要更多的手机

B.hasahighpercentageofcellphoneusersB.手机用户比例高

C.usescellphonestoavoidhighinfrastructurecostsoftraditionalphonesystemsC.使用手机来避免传统电话系统的高基础设施成本

D.usesmailD.使用邮件

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段最后一句“在亚洲国家，特别是像柬埔寨这样较为贫穷的国家，只要改用无线通讯，就可以避免如此高昂的基础设施成本”，无线通讯是上文所指的手机的使用，综合理解可以推断，该段用柬埔寨举例是用来代表性地说明使用手机能避免高昂的基础设施成本，该题选择C项“使用手机来避免传统电话系统的高基础设施成本”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“需要更多的手机”，柬埔寨需要改用无线通讯，而不是需要更多无线通讯，该项属于曲解原文；

B项“手机用户比例高”，柬埔寨还在使用传统的电话网络，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

D项“使用邮件”，文章没有提到邮件，该项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

2.Theword“leapfrogged”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeansthat______.2.第一段中的单词“leapfrogged”很可能意味着______。

A.cellphonetechnologyisrapidlybecomingoutofdateA.手机技术正在迅速过时

B.cellphoneuserscommunicatebyjumpingovernormalphonelinesB.手机用户可以跳过普通电话线进行交流

C.cellphoneuseisexpandingatarapidrateC.手机的使用正在迅速扩大

D.cellphoneusehasreplacedandsurpassedtraditionalphoneuseD.手机的使用已经取代并超越了传统电话的使用

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第二句“在西方工业化国家，手机的使用已经超越了（leapfrogged）传统的电话网络，后者依赖于笨重的电话线和昂贵的地下线路”，从这句话我们可知，手机的使用已经超过了传统电话网络的使用；结合第一句“在许多国家，手机的使用呈爆炸式增长……”，也就是说许多国家已经开始使用手机了，综合理解可推知，leapfrogged指的是手机的使用取代并超越了传统电话，D项“手机的使用已经取代并超越了传统电话的使用”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“手机技术正在迅速过时”，是传统电话正在过时，而不是手机，该项属于曲解原文；

B项“手机用户可以跳过普通电话线进行交流”，原文没有这种表述，该项属于无中生有；

C项“手机的使用正在迅速扩大”表述不全，该项属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.InParagraph3,whatistheauthor’spositioninregardtocellphoneuserestriction?3.在第三段中，作者对于手机使用限制的立场是什么？

A.Aneutralstance.A.一个中立的立场。

B.Firmsupportforrestriction.B.坚决支持限制。

C.Oppositiontoanyrestriction.C.反对任何限制。

D.Ambiguousness.D.含混不清。

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】首先定位至第三段，作者在该段开头抛出了一个问题，即“但是手机用户周围的人呢？”，然后就举例了手机给周围的人所带来的困扰，接着又提到了限制手机使用的支持者的观点，但是作者并未在该段表露出对于限制使用手机的明显态度，只是客观陈述，所以从该段可以看出，作者对于手机使用的限制是中立的立场，该题选择A项“一个中立的立场”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】B项“坚决支持限制”、C项“反对任何限制”和D项“含混不清”根据解题思路，这三项属于反向干扰。

4.【选项释义】

4.Accordingtothepassage,oneunforeseenconsequenceofhandfreeusehasbeen______.4.根据这篇文章，不用手的一个意想不到的后果是______。

A.anincreaseincellphonecostsA.手机费用的增加

B.anincreasedincidentofunusualbehaviorB.不寻常行为的增加

C.anincreaseintrafficaccidentsC.交通事故的增加

D.adecreaseinbraincancerfromcellphoneuseD.使用手机导致脑癌发病率下降

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第四段第三、四句“作为对这些法律的回应，以及由于使用手机通话时执行多项任务的复杂性，一些公司开发了耳机，以便用户通话时不用手。然而，这种解决方案可能会使手机使用更加方便，从而加剧社会摩擦。”可知，“不用手”的后果是加剧社会摩擦，而从该段第二句“在一些州，开车时打电话是违法的”可知，开车打电话容易引发交通事故，因为接电话需要空出一只手，而耳机则是方便人们不用手就能在开车时打电话，综合理解可推断，这种社会摩擦的加剧是指交通事故的增加，C项“交通事故的增加”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“不寻常行为的增加”根据第四段最后一句“现在可以看到许多用户在自言自语——这不是精神不稳定的表现——而是现代技术的快速发展”可知，“不用手”打电话并不是一种精神失常的表现，该项表述与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

A项“手机费用的增加”和D项“使用手机导致脑癌发病率下降”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmustbeachievedbeforecellphoneusecanbetrulyaccepted?5.根据作者，以下哪一项必须达到才能真正接受手机的使用？

A.Governmentmustpasslawstipulatingtheconditionsofcellphoneuse.A.政府必须通过法律规定使用手机的条件。

B.Socialnormsonnormalcellphoneuseneedtobeadopted.B.正常使用手机的社会规范需要被采纳。

C.Lawsoncellphoneusemustbeharmonizedwithsocialnorms.C.关于手机使用的法律必须与社会规范相协调。

D.Cellphoneuseshouldcontinuewithoutrestrictions.D.应该不受限制地继续使用手机。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据文章最后一句话“无论私人或公共部门对手机的使用有何限制，要真正接受和适应第三方使用手机的负担，社会仍有很长的路要走。只有当建立了不同的社会规范来处理普通的手机使用时，这项技术才会变得更被接受，并被视为不那么刺激。”从中可知如果要真正接受手机的使用，就要建立不同的社会规范来处理手机的使用，B项“正常使用手机的社会规范需要被采纳”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“政府必须通过法律规定使用手机的条件”作者没有提到，该项属于无中生有；

C项“关于手机使用的法律必须与社会规范相协调”该项表述绝对，属于过度推断；

D项“应该不受限制地继续使用手机”与最后一段内容相反，该项属于反向干扰。

8.翻译题

(1)StanBelin(斯坦•贝林)wasborninthe1930stoanurbanfamilylockedinthegripoftheGreatDepression.Hiswasafracturedfamily,oneinwhichhisparentsfoughtconstantly.Ilivedwithafeelingofimpendingdoom,hesays.Thisfeardrovehimtobeamodelchild.

Stanhasavividmemoryofonceleaningagainstabridgerailingasaboyandgazingatahandsomepartyboatpassingbelow.Hecouldseepeopleondeckenjoyingtheirouting.(2)Itwasasceneofcomfortandluxuryhecouldhardlyhaveimagined.Thatmentalpictureinfluencedtheboy’sideaofsuccess.Hisgoalsbecamemoney,power,andprestige.

Standidwellinschool.Hefoundhisgreatestacademicsuccessinhissciencecourses.Buthelackedtheconfidencetopursueamedicalcareerandturnedtodentistryasaquickerroutetohislife’sgoals.

(3)Hemarriedayoungwomanhehadknownsincehighschool,andforover20yearsStanandJanelivedalifethatmanypeoplewouldenvy.Hisreputationspread,themoneystartedrollinginandhewasappointedtoaprestigiouspositionbyhisstategovernment.Twohealthychildrenwereborn.

(4)Thefamilyhadamagnificenthouse,expensiveautomobilesandtookexoticvacations.

ThecrowningtouchforStancamewhenheboughtaluxuryyachtandsailedtothebridgewhere,asachild,hehadfirstglimpsedwhathehopedwouldbehisfuture.“ItoldJanethestory,”hesays.(5)“AsIspoke,Irealizedthatsomethingwasallwrong.IpossessedeverythingIhadeverdreamedof,butIfeltverysadandhopeless.Whatwasworse,Iknewitwouldneverchange.”

Thenintheearly1980s,adoctorfriendinvitedStantodinner.Thefriendsaidhehadbeenusingcocaineasanantidepressant.Hedescribeditasamarvelousnoaddictivedrug.Standecidedthedrugmightbejustrightforhisowndepression.

【答案】1.斯坦•贝林出生于20世纪30年代一个陷入经济大萧条困境之中的城市家庭。

2.这种舒适与奢侈的情景是他无法想象的。这一情景铭刻在他的脑海里，影响着他对成功的看法。

3.他娶了一位中学时代就认识的女子为妻，20多年来，他和妻子简过着令人称羡的生活。

4.他们有华丽的住宅和昂贵的汽车，还常常出国度假。

5.说话时，我忽然意识到情况很不对劲。我已拥有曾经梦寐以求的一切，但却感到悲伤无望。更糟糕的是，我知道这种状况将永远不会改变。

9.单选题

ThesecondreasonwhyMr.Liwentwrongliesinhisfailureto（）someadditionalcomplexities.

问题1选项

A.takenoaccountof

B.giveanaccountof

C.turnto

D.takeintoaccount

【答案】D

【解析】takenoaccountof不考虑,不重视；giveanaccountof说明,叙述,汇报；turnto转向,求助于,变成；takeintoaccountof考虑。句意：李先生犯错的第二个原因是他没有考虑到一些额外的复杂性。选项A为混淆选项,根据failureto可知,选项D正确。

10.填空题

SometimesIwonderifit’s（

）ittoownacar.Nowadaysparkingissuchanightmare!

【答案】worth。

【解析】固定搭配。beworthit值得。

11.单选题

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:Saltisbadforyou—regardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship，”USCongressmanNealSmithnoted,betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn’tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.’’Dustan’smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureunderwentnochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation，”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Foranaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissaltallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal“lowsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayesJr.admitsthat“wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension.’’Infact,thereisincreasingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium,obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium),genericpredisposition,stress.

“Itisnotyourenemy，”saysDr.Laragh.“SaltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon’tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup.”

1.Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed（

）

2.FromDr.Dustan’sstudywecaninferthat（

）

3.Inthethirdparagraph,Dr.Laraghimpliesthat（

）

4.Whatisthemainmessageofthistext?

问题1选项

A.exhibitsasanaggravatingfactortopeopleinpoorhealth.

B.curesdiseasessuchasstrokeandcirculatorydisorders.

C.correlateshighlywithsomediseases.

D.isirrelevanttopeoplesufferingfromheartdisease.

问题2选项

A.alow-saltdietmaybeprescribedforsomepeople.

B.theamountofsaltintakehasnothingtodowithone’sbloodpressure.

C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient.

D.anextremelylow-saltdietmakesnodifferencetoanyone.

问题3选项

A.peopleshouldnotbeafraidoftakingexcessivesalt.

B.doctorsshouldnotadvisepeopletoavoidsalt.

C.anadequatetoexcessivesaltintakeisrecommendedforpeopleindisease.

D.excessivesaltintakehasclaimedsomevictimsinthegeneralpopulation.

问题4选项

A.Thatthesaltscareisnotjustified.

B.Thattheoriginofhypertensionisnowfound.

C.Thatthemoderateuseofsaltisrecommended.

D.Thatsaltconsumptionistobepromoted.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段的文章意思，以及第三句中的“directrelationship”，可以得出选项C最符合题意。

2.信息推断题。根据文章第二段的内容，试验中一半的高血压患者在食用低盐食品时血压有所降低，可以推断出低盐饮食可以作为治疗高血压患者的一个方法。选项A符合题意。

3.信息推断题。根据文章第三段，充足或者稍微过量的摄入盐，会拯救更多的人，而不是只会害死人，不可能建议所有人群都禁止食用食盐。选项D符合题意。

4.信息归纳题。根据文章意思，A选项中的理论并未得到证实，B和D选项文中没有提及。用排除法可知，选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

ByeducationImeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualtoproduceapermanentchangeinthehabitsofbehavior,ofthoughtandofattitude.Itisinbeingthussusceptibletotheenvironmentthatmandiffersfromtheanimals,andthehigheranimalsfromthelower.Theloweranimalsareinfluencedbytheenvironmentbutnotinthedirectionofchangingtheirhabits.Theirinstinctiveresponsesarefewandfixedbyheredity.Whentransferredtoanunnaturalsituation,suchananimalisledastraybyitsinstincts.Thustheant-lionwhoseinstinctimpliesittoboreintoloosesandbypushingbackwardwithabdomen,goesbackwardsonaplateofglassassoonasdangerthreatens,andendeavors,withtheutmostexertionstoboreintoit.Itknowsnoothermodeoffightorifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions(asuselessascultivatinganunsownfield)ordiesinhelplessinactivity.Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovalfromahalf-finishedhome,willnotbeginagain,thoughitwillcontinueanotherburrow,evenonemadewithapencil.

Advancedinthescaleofevolutionalongsuchlinesasthesecouldonlybemadebytheemergenceofcreatureswithmoreandmorecomplicatedinstincts.Suchbeingsweknowintheantsandspiders.Butanotherlineofadvancewasdestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityofwhichwedonotseetheendperhapseveninman.Habits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremodeledtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm.

Thismeans,onemightatfirstimagine,thatgraduallyhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.Butthisishardlythetruthandcertainlynotthewholetruth.Foralthoughfixedautomaticresponseslikethoseoftheinsect-likecreaturesarenolongerinherited,althoughselectionforpurificationofthatsortisnolongergoingon,yetselectionforeducabilityisverydefinitelystillofimportance.Theabilitytoacquirehabitscanconceivablyinheritjustasmuchascandefiniteresponsestonarrowsituations.Environmentandheredityareinnocaseexclusivebutalwayssupplementaryfactors.

58.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

59.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lion?

60.Basedontheexampleprovidedinthepassage,wecantellthatwhenaspiderisremovedtoanewpositionwherehalfofanethasbeenmade,itwillprobably____.

61.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthabits?

问题1选项

A.TheEvolutionofInsects.

B.EnvironmentandHeredity.

C.Education:TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment.

D.TheInstinctsofAnimals.

问题2选项

A.Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsofanimalsinastrangesituation.

B.Whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted.

C.Environmentandheredityaretwosupplementaryfactorsintheevolutionofinsects.

D.Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.

问题3选项

A.beginacompletenet

B.destroythehalf-madenet

C.spintherestofthenet

D.stayawayfromthenet

问题4选项

A.Theyarenaturalendowmentstolivingcreature.

B.Theyaremoreimportantthaninstinctstoallanimals.

C.Theyaresubjecttheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.

D.Theyaredestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityintheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】58.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇科技性的文章，从文中内容可知，作者是在讲外部环境和遗传是互补的因素，主要是为了说明两个生物和