考研考博-英语-唐山科技职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-唐山科技职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Asupermarket______itsstockveryrapidly.

问题1选项

A.turnsover

B.turnsout

C.turnsoff

D.turnsin

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项turnover“移交给，翻阅，周转”，B项turnout“发生，最后证明是”，C项turnoff“关掉，拐弯”，D项turnin“上交，归还”。根据关键词supermarket（超市）和stock（货物）可推断，空格处应该表示“周转”的意思，四个选项中只有A选项能表达出句子的意思。句意：超级市场的存货周转很快。因此，该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题

Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno（）togotothepartywithus.

问题1选项

A.taste

B.mood

C.sense

D.emotion

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。innomoodtodosth“没心情做某事”。句意：工作一整天之后，他很疲劳以至于他没有心情跟我们去参加聚会。故B项正确。

3.单选题

Herremarks（）acompletedisregardforhumanrights.

问题1选项

A.magnified

B.maintained

C.manipulated

D.manifested

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项magnified“扩大，放大”；B选项maintained“保持，供养”；C选项manipulated“操纵，控制”；D选项manifested“表明，显示”，句意：她的评论表明了对人权的完全漠视，所以只有D选项符合。

4.翻译题

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

世界与宇宙的本质是什么？这是中国哲学的基本问题。春秋时期的思想家老子是第一个尝试进行阐释的中国哲学家，老子认为“道”乃宇宙及世界之源。道无始终，“道”即“天”，“天”即“道”。老子主张“道法自然”。这个观点揭示了一个平凡但深刻的真理：天、地、人及世间的一切都有着自然的属性，人类作为自然的一部分应当遵循自然的法则，而不应无节制地向自然索取。

【答案】Whatistheessenceoftheworldanduniverse?ThisisabasicprobleminChinesephilosophy.LaoTzeofspringandautumnperiodattemptedtoexplainChinesephilosophyfirstly.Hethoughthat“Tao”isthesourceofourworldoruniverse.“Tao”hasnoendorbeginning.AndtheuniverseisTao,andTaoisuniverse.LaoTzeadvocatedthetheoryof“theruleisconsistentwithnature”,whichshowsusasimplebutprofoundtruth:Allthingsintheworld,includinguniverse,earthandhumanhavenaturalattributes.Asapartofnature,humanbeingsshouldn’taskthenatureforresourcesimmoderatelyandneedtoobeythenature’srules.

5.单选题

Itishightimethatyou______thetestpaperand______itin.

问题1选项

A.finish,hand

B.finished,handed

C.finished,tohand

D.havefinished,handed

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。Itishightimethatsb.didsth.为固定句型，属于虚拟语气的一种，表示“是某人做某事的时候了”，句中的and为并列连接词，因此都填动词的过去式，选B。句意：现在是你写完试卷交上来的时候了。

6.单选题

Thereport（

）sevenareaswheretheGovernmenthadaresponsibility.

问题1选项

A.purified

B.specified

C.regarded

D.labeled

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这份报告列举了政府负有责任的七个领域。

考查动词辨析。四个选项分别是对应动词的过去式。Purify净化,使纯净;specify列举,详细说明,指定;regard把……看作;label标注，贴标签于。故B符合句意。

7.单选题

1.Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweightAndlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated,”saidRebeccaGAdams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Thereisjustscadsofstuffonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell一beingthanfamilyrelationships.”

2.Inanewbook,“TheGirlsFromAmes:AStoryofWomenanda40—YearFriendship”(Gotham),JeffreyZaslowtellsthestoryof11childhoodfriendswhoscatteredfromIowatoeightdifferentStates.Despitethedistance,theirfriendshipsenduredthroughcollegeandmarriage,divorceandothercrises,includingthedeathofoneofthewomeninher20s.Using,scrapbooks,photoalbumsandthewomen’sownmemories,Mr.Zaslowchronicleshowtheirclosefriendshipshaveshapedtheirlivesandcontinuetosustainthem.Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter.

3.Twoofthefriendshaverecentlylearnedtheyhavebreastcancer.KellyZwagerman,

nowahighschoolteacherwholivesinNorthfield,Minn,saidthatwhenshegotherdiagnosisinSeptember2007，herdoctortoldhertosurroundherselfwithlovedones.Instead,shereachedouttoherchildhoodfriends,eventhoughtheylivedfaraway,“ThefirstpeopleItoldwerethewomenfromAmes，”shesaidinaninterview.Je-mailedthem.Iimmediatelyhade-mailsandphonecallsandmessagesofsupport.Itwasinstantthatthelovepouredinfromallofthem.”Whenshecomplainedthathertreatmentledtopainfulsoresinherthroat,anAmesgirlsentasmoothiemakerandrecipes.Another,whohadlostadaughtertoleukemia,sentMs.Zwagermanahand-knittedhat,knowingherheadwouldbecoldwithouthair,stillanothersentpajamasmadeofspecialfabrictohelpcopewithnightsweats.MsZwagermansaidshewasoftenmorecomfortablediscussingherillnesswithhergirlfriendsthanwithherdoctor，“Wegosofarbackthatthesewomenwilltalkaboutanything，”shesaid.

4.Ms.ZwagermansaysherfriendsfromAmeshavebeenanessentialfactorinhertreatmentandrecovery,andresearchherout.In2006,astudyofnearly3,000nurseswithbreastcancerfoundthatwomenwithoutclosefriendswerefourtimesaslikelytodiefromthediseaseaswomenwith10ormorefriends.Andnotably,proximityandtheamountofcontactwithafriendwasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Justhavingfriendswasprotective.

5.BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember.Inthestudyofnurseswithbreastcancer,havingaspousewasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too.Inasix-yearstudyof736middle-ageSwedishmen,attachmenttoasinglepersondidn’tappeartoaffecttheriskofheartattackandfatalcoronaryheartdisease,buthavingfriendshipsdid.Onlysmokingwasasimportantariskfactoraslackofsocialsupport.

6.Exactlywhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffectisn’tentirelyclear.Whilefriendscanrunerrandsandpickupmedicineforasickperson,thebenefitsgowellbeyondphysicalassistance;indeed,proximitydoesnotseemtobeafactor.Itmaybethatpeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.

7.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthentothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavetowerestimateofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknown,eachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared,“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto.”SaidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontologyatVirginiaTech.“Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.”

1.Thesignificanceoffriendshipinkeepingindividualshealth（

）.

2.JefferyZaslowhasrecentlypublishedabook（

）.

3.Thestudiescitedinthearticle（

）

4.Accordingtothearticle,psychologistBellaDepaulothinksthat（

）.

5.Thestudydescribedinparagraph6suggeststhatthepresenceoffriendsmakeshumanbeings（

）.

问题1选项

A.Issomethingaboutwhichmedicalresearchsofarhasnothingtosay,thoughsocialscientistshavelongsuspecteditsrole

B.Hasbeenrecognizedbothintuitivelyandscientificallyformanydecades

C.Waslongoverlookedbyscientists,thoughinthelastfewyearssomej2orstudiesofithavebeenconducted

D.Isnowveryclearinallrespects.

问题2选项

A.Presentingtheresultsofmanyyearsorigorousscientificinvestigationoftheconnectionbetweenfriendshipandlongevity(=longlife)

B.Focusingontheverypositiverolethatfriendshiphasplayedinkeepingelevenwomenhealthyformorethanfortyyears.

C.Showingthatactivefriendshipisveryeffectiveindefeatingcancer

D.Thatexplorestheimpactofanetworkoffriendshipsonmanyaspectsofthelivesofelevenwomen,includingtheirhealth.

问题3选项

A.Seemtosuggestthatthepositiveeffectsoffriendshiponhealthdonotrequireactuallybeingnearfriends

B.Shedlightonthedissimilarhealthimpactofsame-sexfriendshipsversusfriendshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentsexes.

C.establishthatwomenhaveoreenduringfriendshipthatmendo,andbenefitaccordingly

D.provethatfriendshippromotesthehealthofmenandwomenequally.

问题4选项

A.Friendshipdoesnothavesogreataneffectonhealthasmarriageorbloodtiescan

B.Havingfriendsmaywellbemoreimportantforhealththanhavingrelativesoraspouse

C.Thekeytogoodhealthishavingatleastonepersonwhocanbecountedoninanillness

D.Havingaspouseisasseriousariskfactorassmokingforhumanhealthandlongevity

问题5选项

A.physicallystronger

B.recklessandunrealistic

C.moreenergetic

D.moreoptimistic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段提到了为证实友谊对健康的益处所做的研究并指出:Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated(总的来说，友谊在我们生活中的作用并没有得到重视)。故选C:长期以来被科学家忽视,尽管在过去一些年中有做一些相关研究。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter(几乎在每一章中，友谊对他们健康和福祉的作用都是显而易见的)。故选D。

3.细节事实题。第五段:Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too(虽然许多对友谊的研究关注的是女性之间的亲密关系，但一些研究表明，男性也可以从中受益),故选D。

4.观点态度题。第五段:notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember(BellaDepaulo认为在许多研究中，友谊对健康的影响比配偶或家庭成员更大)。故选B:对于健康而言,朋友可能比有亲戚或配偶更重要。

5.推理判断题。第六段讲的是友谊对于健康的益处。

8.单选题

Takethisbitofseemingly（）advice:Inordertowritequickly,youmustfirstthinkslowly.

问题1选项

A.paradoxical

B.contradict

C.parallel

D.disordering

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。paradoxical“矛盾的”符合句意。contradict为动词“与……矛盾”；parallel“平行的”；disordering“无序的”。句意：采纳这条有点矛盾的建议：为了写作快一点，思考必须慢一点。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Althoughmany（modifications）havebeenmadeinit,thegameknownintheUnitedStatesasfootballcanbetraceddirectlytotheEnglishgameofrugby.

问题1选项

A.rules

B.changes

C.demands

D.leagues

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。modification表示“修改，修正”；A项rule“规则，建议，统治”，B项change“变化，改变，替代物”，C项demand“（坚决的或困难的）要求，（顾客的）需求”，D项league“联盟，社团，范畴”。句意：尽管对其进行了许多修改，但在美国被称为足球的比赛可以直接追溯到英国的橄榄球比赛。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。因此，该题选择B项正确。

10.单选题

Thedisagreementovertraderestrictionscouldseriously（）relationsbetweenthetwocountries.

问题1选项

A.tumble

B.jeopardize

C.manipulate

D.intimidate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tumble“摔倒，倒塌”，B项jeopardize“危害，使陷危地”，C项manipulate“操作，操纵”，D项intimidate“恐吓，威胁”。根据句子关键词disagreementovertraderestrictions（关于贸易限制的分歧）和relations（关系）可猜测，空格部分表示“贸易分歧恶化了关系”，因此四个选项中只有jeopardize符合。句意：贸易限制问题上的分歧可能严重危及两国关系。因此，该题选择B项正确。

11.不定项选择题

Mobilityofindividualmembersandfamilygroupstendstosplitupfamilyrelationships.

Occasionallythemovementofafamilyawayfromasituationwhichhasbeenthesourceoffrictionresultsingreaterfamilyorganization,butonthewholemobilityisdisorganizing.

Individualsandfamiliesareinvolvedinthreetypesofmobility:movementinspace,movementupordowninsocialstatus,andthemovementofideas.Thesearetermedrespectivelyspatial,vertical,andideationalmobility.

Agreatincreaseinspatialmobilityhasgonealongwithimprovementsinrailandwatertransportation,theinventionanduseoftheautomobile,andtheavailabilityofairplanepassengerservice.Spatialmobilityresultsinadeclineintheimportanceofthetraditionalhomewithitsemphasisonfamilycontinuityandstability.Italsomeansthatwhenindividualfamilymembersorthefamilyasawholemoveawayfromacommunity,thepersonorthefamilyisremovedfromthepressuresofrelatives,friends,andcommunityinstitutionsandstability.Evenmoreimportantisthefactthatspatialmobilitypermitssomemembersofafamilytocomeincontactwithandpossiblyadoptattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingdifferentfromthoseheldbyotherfamilymembers.Thepresenceofdifferentattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingwithinafamilymay,andoftendoes,resultinconflictandfamilydisorganization.Potentialdisorganizationispresentinthosefamiliesinwhichthehusband,wife,andchildrenarespatiallyseparatedoveralongperiod,orarelivingtogetherbutseeeachotheronlybrieflybecauseofdifferentworkschedules.

Oneindexoftheincreaseinverticalmobilityisthegreatincreaseintheproportionofsons,andtosomeextentdaughters,whoengageinoccupationsotherthanthoseoftheparents.

Anotherindexofverticalmobilityisthedegreeofintermarriagebetweenracialclasses.Thisoccursalmostexclusivelybetweenclasseswhichareadjacenttoeachother.Engaginginadifferentoccupation,orintermarriage,likespatialmobility,allowsonetocomeincontactwithwaysofbehaviordifferentfromthoseoftheparentalhome,andtendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren.

Theincreaseinideationalmobilityismeasuredbytheincreaseinpublications,suchasnewspapers,periodicals,andbooks,theincreaseinthepercentageofthepopulationowningradios,andtheincreaseintelevisionsets.Allthesetendtointroducenewideasintothehome.

Whenindividualfamilymembersareexposedtoandadoptthenewideas,thetendencyisforconflicttoariseandforthoseinconflicttobecomepsychologicallyseparatedfromeachother.

1.Intermarriageanddifferentoccupationsplayanimportantroleinfamilydisorganizationbecause（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutpeoplelivinginatraditionalfamilyaccordingtothepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementscansummarizethepassage?

4.Potentialdisorganizationexistsinthosefamiliesinwhich（）.

5.Thispassagesuggeststhatawell-organizedfamilyisafamilywhosemembers（）.

问题1选项

A.theypermitonetocomeintocontactwithdifferentwaysofbehaviorandthinking

B.theyenablethechildrentotravelaroundwithouttheirparents’permission

C.theyallowonetofindagoodjobandimproveone’ssocialstatus

D.theyenablethechildrentobetterunderstandthewaysofbehavioroftheirparents

问题2选项

A.Theyarelesslikelytoquarrelwithothersbecauseofconventionalityandstability.

B.Theyhavetodependontheirrelativesandfriendsiftheydonotmoveawayfromit.

C.Theywillhavemorefreedomofactionandthoughtiftheymoveawayfromit.

D.Theycangetmorehelpfromtheirfamilymembersiftheyareintrouble.

问题3选项

A.Socialdevelopmentresultsinadeclineintheimportanceoftraditionalfamilies.

B.Themovementofafamilyisoneofthefactorsinraisingitssocialstatus.

C.PotentialdisorganizationispresentintheAmericanfamily.

D.Familydisorganizationismoreorlesstheresultofmobility.

问题4选项

A.bothparentshavetoworkfulltime

B.thehusband,wife,andchildrenworktoohard

C.thehusband,wife,andchildrenseldomgettogether

D.thefamilymembersaresubjecttosocialpressures

问题5选项

A.neverquarrelwitheachotherevenwhentheydisagree

B.arenotpsychologicallywithdrawnfromoneanother

C.oftenhelpeachotherwithtrueloveandaffection

D.areexposedtothesamenewideasintroducedbybooks,radios,andTVsets

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:客观细节题。由题干关键词“Intermarriageanddifferentoccupations”可以定位到文章第六段最后一句Engaginginadifferentoccupation,orintermarriage,likespatialmobility,allowsonetocomeincontactwithwaysofbehaviordifferentfromthoseoftheparentalhome,andtendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren.（从事不同的职业或通婚，就像空间流动一样，会让人接触到不同于父母家的行为方式，并有可能让父母和孩子分开。），说明从事不同的职业或通婚会让人接触到不同的行为方式。因此A选项“它们使人能够接触到不同的行为方式和思维方式”正确。B选项“使孩子们能够在未经父母允许的情况下四处旅行”，C选项“能让人找到一份好工作，提高自己的社会地位”，D选项“能让孩子更好地理解父母的行为方式”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干关键词“traditionalfamily”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Spatialmobilityresultsinadeclineintheimportanceofthetraditionalhomewithitsemphasisonfamilycontinuityandstability.（空间的流动性导致了传统家庭的重要性下降，传统家庭强调家庭的连续性和稳定性。），说明传统家庭十分注重家庭连续性和稳定性，接着第四、五句说到Evenmoreimportantisthefactthatspatialmobilitypermitssomemembersofafamilytocomeincontactwithandpossiblyadoptattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingdifferentfromthoseheldbyotherfamilymembers.Thepresenceofdifferentattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingwithinafamilymay,andoftendoes,resultinconflictandfamilydisorganization.（更重要的是，空间的流动性使一些家庭成员能够接触到并可能采取不同于其他家庭成员的态度、价值观和思维方式。在一个家庭中存在不同的态度、价值观和思维方式可能，而且经常会导致冲突和家庭混乱。），说明空间的流动性让部分家庭成员接触并采纳了其他家庭不同的态度、价值观和思考方式，这会导致家庭的冲突和混乱，而传统家庭是反对空间流动性的，那么也就不容易出现冲突、争吵的现象。因此A选项“因为传统和稳定性，他们不太可能与他人争吵”正确。C选项“如果他们离开传统家庭，会有更多的行动和思想自由”，文中提到的态度、价值观和思维方式只涉及了思想方面可能产生的变化，而没有提到行动上的，所以C错误。B选项“他们如果不搬离传统家庭，就必须依靠亲戚朋友”，D选项“如果他们遇到困难，可以从家人那里得到更多的帮助”在文中均没有提及，所以B，D错误。

第3题:主旨大意题。文章首句说到Mobilityofindividualmembersandfamilygroupstendstosplitupfamilyrelationships.（个体成员和家庭群体的流动性往往会导致家庭关系的破裂。）这是文章的主旨句，句中的splitupfamilyrelationships（家庭关系破裂）是mobility（流动性）导致的结果，且与后文的disorganizing（无组织化）相对应，接下来全文都围绕着这一句展开论述，阐述流动性是如何导致家庭关系破裂的。因此D选项“家庭的无组织化或多或少是流动性的结果”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“社会发展导致传统家庭的重要性下降”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“家庭的流动性是提高其社会地位的因素之一”颠倒了因果关系，应该是社会地位的变化导致了家庭的流动性，所以B错误。C选项“美国家庭中存在潜在的混乱现象”只是文中提及的一个现象，不能全面概括文章主旨，所以C错误。

第4题:推理判断题。由题干关键词“Potentialdisorganization”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Potentialdisorganizationispresentinthosefamiliesinwhichthehusband,wife,andchildrenarespatiallyseparatedoveralongperiod,orarelivingtogetherbutseeeachotheronlybrieflybecauseofdifferentworkschedules.（在一些家庭中，丈夫、妻子和孩子长时间在空间上分开，或者虽然住在一起但因为工作安排不同而只能短暂地见面，这些家庭就存在潜在的混乱。），说明潜在的混乱存在于那些丈夫、妻子和孩子很少见面的家庭中。因此C选项“丈夫、妻子、孩子很少在一起”正确。A选项“父母都要全职工作”，D选项“家庭成员要承受社会压力”在文中均没有提及，所以A，D错误。B选项“丈夫、妻子、孩子工作太辛苦了”，原文只提到了不同的工作安排，并未提到工作太辛苦，所以B错误。

第5题:推理判断题。文章中提到了三种流动性使家庭变得无组织化，第四段提到spatialmobility（空间的流动性）导致了conflictandfamilydisorganization（冲突与家庭混乱），第六段提到verticalmobility…tendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren（垂直的流动性可能会让父母和孩子分开），第八段提到Whenindividualfamilymembersareexposedtoandadoptthenewideas,thetendencyisforconflicttoariseandforthoseinconflicttobecomepsychologicallyseparatedfromeachother.（当个别家庭成员接触和采用新观念时，冲突倾向就会产生，冲突中的人在心理上就会彼此分离。），说明空间的流动性、垂直的流动性和思想的流动性会使家庭变得无组织化，由此可以逆向推断出有组织性的家庭不会出现以上问题，即家庭成员之间不会有隔阂。因此B选项“彼此之间没有心理上的隔阂”正确。C选项“常以真情相助，感情深厚”没有涉及问题的实质，所以C错误。A选项“即使意见不一致，也不会相互争吵”，D选项“接触到的都是书本、收音机、电视机所介绍的新思想”表述都过于绝对，所以A，D错误。

12.单选题

America’sCongresspassedahousingbillthatincludesmeasurestoshoreupFannieMaeandFreddieMac,twotroubledmortgagegiants.

问题1选项

A.censure

B.imprecate

C.upbraid

D.bolster

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项censure“严厉斥责，正式谴责”；B选项imprecate“诅咒；祈求”；C选项upbraid“责骂；训斥”；D选项bolster“支持，支撑；给（座位）加软垫；改善，巩固；增强，激励”。句意：美国国会通过了一项住房法案，其中包括支持房利美和房地美这两个陷入困境的抵押贷款巨头的措施。shoreup“支持，支撑；加固”。D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Hespentmuchofhislifetime,studyingthediseaseofcattle,chickensandother（）animals.

问题1选项

A.domestic

B.wild

C.tamed

D.fierce

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他花费其一生的大部分时间研究牛，鸡和其他家禽的疾病。

考查形容词辨析。domestic国内的，家畜的；wild野生的；tame驯服的，养服的;fierce激烈的，猛烈的。因此A项符合句意。

14.单选题

Seldom______anymistakesduringmypastfiveyearsofservicehere.

问题1选项

A.didImake

B.shouldImake

C.Iwouldmake

D.wouldImake

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：在服务这里的过去五年里，我很少出错。句首为半否定的词语用部分倒装，根据动词短语makemistakes确定用助动词，根据pastfiveyears确定用过去时态，所以A选项didImake符合题意。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

ThePartyalwaysinculcatesthedutyofloyaltyontheyoungpeople.

问题1选项

A.precludesfrom

B.imbueswith

C.furnisheswith

D.resortsto

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.precludesfrom阻止，妨碍B.imbueswith灌输强烈的情感或意见

C.furnisheswith供给，提供，给……装饰D.resortsto依靠，求助于，诉诸

【答案】B

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】由关键信息TheParty（党）和thedutyofloyalty（忠诚的义务）可推测，划线单词inculcate的意思是“灌输，教导”。因此，B选项含义与划线部分词义最为接近，故本题正确答案为B选项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】党总是谆谆教导青年人忠诚的义务。

16.翻译题

1.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Waterisalimitednaturalresourceandapublicgoodfundamentalforlifeandhealth.Thehumanrighttowaterisindispensableforleadingalifeinhumandignity.Itisaprerequisitefortherealizationofotherhumanrights.TheCommitteehasbeenconfrontedcontinuallywiththewidespreaddenialoftherighttowaterindevelopingaswellasdevelopedcountries.Over1billionpersonslackaccesstoabasicwatersupply,whileseveralbilliondonothaveaccesstoadequatesanitation,whichistheprimarycauseofwatercontaminationanddiseaseslinkedtowater.Thecontinuingcontamination,depletionandunequaldistributionofwaterisexacerbatingexistingpoverty.Stateshavetoadopteffectivemeasurestorealize,withoutdiscrimination,therighttowater.

【答案】参考译文：水是一种有限的自然资源，是人们生活和健康的公共基本物质。水的权力是人类尊严的生活所必不可少的，是实现其他所有人权的先决条件。委员会一直面临着发展中国家以及发达国家对水的权力的普遍反对。超过十亿人缺乏基本的水供给，而数十亿人没有适当的卫生设施，而这是水污染和水有关的疾病的主要原因。持续的污染、损耗和水的分配不均加剧了目前的贫困状况。国家应该放下歧视，采取有效措施来实现水权。

17.单选题

Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorryyoumustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.

Ifyousaytoyourchildren“I’msorryIgotangrywithyou,but...”whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective:“Ihadabadday.”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfeelingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.

Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou'reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone.

Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain.Saying“I‘muselessasaparent”doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement.

Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryshowsweakness.Parentswhowishtoteachtheirchildrentoapologizeshouldseeitasasignofstrength,andthereforenotresorttothesepseudo-apologies.

Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildrenfeelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldboymightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren’sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-oldmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent’sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.

1.Ifamotheradds“but”toanapology,（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,saying“I'msorryyou'reupset”mostprobablymeans“（

）”.

3.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause

（

）.

4.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis（

）.

问题1选项

A.shedoesn’tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized

B.shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurt

C.thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoaccept

D.thechildmayfeelthatheowesheranapology

问题2选项

A.Youhavegoodreasontogetupset

B.I’mawareyou’reupsetbutI’mnottoblame

C.Iapologizeforhurtingyourfeelings

D.I’matfaultformakingyouupset

问题3选项

A.isgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromises

B.itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguilty

C.itisvagueandineffective

D.itishurtfulandinsulting

问题4选项

A.thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignored

B.theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccount

C.parentsneedtosetthemagoodexample

D.parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant

问题5选项

A.asocialissuecallingforimmediateattention

B.notnecessaryamongfamilymembers

C.asignofsocialprogress

D.notassimpleasitseems

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。根据第二段的内容“‘but’canrendertheapologyineffective...leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfeelingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.”“但是”这个词会让道歉不起作用这让受伤害的人觉得他应该为自己的错误行为道歉，而不是期待别人的道歉。根据题干意思，如果一位母亲在道歉之后加上“but”这个词，。选项A和B均无法在原文中找到对应信息；选项C错误，这种道歉方式会让道歉无效，所以孩子并不会觉得容易接受；只有选项D“孩子可能觉得他应该向母亲道歉”符合原文，所以正确。

第2题:判断推理题。根据关键句“I'msorryyou'reupset.”定位到第三段最后一句“thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone.”这表明你允许自己因为别人的所作所为感到沮丧，自己多少也有错。潜在意思就是说，我知道你很难过，但这不应该怪我。选项B符合原文。

第3题:判断推理题。根据第四段的内容“其次是笼统的一般性的道歉，它避免点明特别伤害或侮辱他人的具体行为，而且道歉的人应该承诺永远不再这样做。说“作为父母我很没用”并不能让一个人有任何具体的进步。”由此可推断，笼统的道歉并不能让一个人有任何具体的进步，所以它是无效的；而且是笼统的道歉，也就是模糊的，所以本题选C。

第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段首句“Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.”即使孩子们看到了真诚悔悟的例子，他们仍然需要一些帮助来意识到道歉的复杂性。选项A与原文不符，所以错误；选项C太过于片面，帮助不一定来自于父母，不能只考虑这一种因素，所以选项C也错误；选项D在文中没有提及。根据下文具体的内容可知，作者是根据孩子的年龄来具体举例的，所以选项B“孩子的年龄应该被考虑进去”符合原文。

第5题:判断推理题。结合原文内容可知，本文主要讲的是父母应该如何更好的道歉以便能够教会自己的孩子道歉。不涉及社会问题，所以选项A和C范围过于宽泛，不恰当；选项B很明显不符合原文；选项D“道歉并不像看起来的那么简单”符合原文，文章列举了几种道歉的表达方法并且提及道歉具有复杂性，所以选项D正确。

18.单选题

Theexposuretoforeignculturesgraduallyledtothe____ofpeople’swayoflifeinthiscountry.

问题1选项

A.distribution

B.disintegration

C.disorder

D.destruction

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.distribution分配；分布B.disintegration分裂；解体

C.disorder骚乱；动乱D.destruction摧毁；毁灭

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：对外国文化的接触逐渐导致了这个国家人民生活方式的……。根据逻辑，接触外国文化会逐渐导致本国人们生活习惯的变化，从而慢慢解体。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项distribution“分配；分布”，不符合语境；

C选项disorder“骚乱；动乱”，指大群人的暴力行为，不符合语境；

D选项destruction“摧毁；毁灭”，指毁坏某物的行为或被毁灭的过程，而题目中强调的是结果，该选项不符合语境。

【句意】外来文化的接触逐渐导致了这个国家人们生活方式的解体。

19.不定项选择题

Chancesarethat,wereyoutobeaskedtoimagineavictimoffraud,you’dthinkofalittleoldladybeingcheatedoutofthousandsofpounds—inperson,onthephoneor,increasingly,on