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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-商洛职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

I______themeetingyesterday,butsomeurgentmatterpreventedmefromcoming.

问题1选项

A.oughttoattend

B.wasabouttoattend

C.wastohaveattended

D.wastoattend

【答案】C

【解析】考查谓语动词。A选项oughttoattend“应该参加”;B选项wasabouttoattend“即将参加,正打算参加”;C选项wastohaveattended“本来要参加(却结果没参加)”;D选项wastoattend“将要参加(表示预先安排好的计划或约定)”。句意:我本来打算昨天参加会议的,但有一件紧急的事阻止我前往。根据urgentmatterpreventedmefromcoming“紧急的事阻止我前往”可知,我原本想参加会议,C选项wastohaveattended“本来要参加(却结果没参加)”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Itisimportantthatanundergraduate()agradepointaverageofBinhismajorfield.

问题1选项

A.maintains

B.maintain

C.willmaintain

D.shallmaintain

【答案】B

【解析】Itis+adj.+that从句,从句结构为should+动词原形,should可省略。

3.单选题

Onceourattentionhasbeenensnared,westillneedtobesufficientlyintriguedtoreadthestory.

问题1选项

A.detracted

B.drawn

C.removed

D.buffed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。ensnared在句中是“引诱”,A选项detracted“转移”;B选项drawn“吸引”;C选项removed“迁移”;D选项buff“降低,缓冲”。句意:当我们的注意力被勾起时,我们仍需被激起足够的兴趣去阅读这个故事。根据句意B项正确。

4.单选题

Theopportunitywasalmost(

)grabbed.

问题1选项

A.toogoodtobe

B.toogoodnottobe

C.sogoodtobe

D.toogood

【答案】B

【解析】句意:该机会几乎太好了,不可能不被抓住。

固定搭配。too+形容词或副词+nottobe太……不可能不。

5.单选题

Peoplebuyinsuranceinorderto()asmall,certain,tolerablelossforalarge,uncertain,catastrophicone.

问题1选项

A.return

B.substitute

C.institute

D.predict

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定词组搭配。固定搭配substitute...for...表示“用……代替……”。A选项return表示“返回,报答,回击”;C选项institute表示“实行,授予(学位),提起(诉讼)”;D选项predict表示“预言,预测”。【句意】人们买保险是为了用一个可以确定和容忍的小损失来替代大的、不确定的、灾难性的损失。

6.翻译题

II.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishonyourANSWERSHEET.(10%)

中国坚持走低消耗、低排放、高效益、高产出的新型工业化道路,是国际社会加强环境保护、应对气候变化、实现可持续发展努力的重要组成部分。我们期待得到包括东亚国家在内的国际社会的大力支持。中国将本着“共同但有区别的责任”原则,承担应有的国际责任和义务。

【答案】Chinaisstrivingtoembarkonanewpathtoindustrializationthatfeatureslowconsumptionofresources,lowemissions,highefficiencyandhighoutput,andthisisanintegralpartofinternationaleffortstoprotecttheenvironment,addressclimatechangeandachievesustainabledevelopment.Welookforwardtothestrongsupportforoureffortsfromtheinternationalcommunity,particularlyourEastAsianneighbors.Chinawillshoulderitsdueinternationalresponsibilitiesandobligationsinaccordancewiththeprincipleofcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities.

7.单选题

Ifyou()caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.

问题1选项

A.should

B.would

C.will

D.can

【答案】B

【解析】考查if引导的真实条件句,主句应该用现在时。情态动词结构“wouldyoucareto...”表示“(礼貌问语)您喜欢,您愿意”,是一种委婉征求意见的方式。因此,排除其他选项,本题正确答案为B项。

8.单选题

Opportunitiesforrewardingworkbecomefewerforbothmenandwomenastheygrewolder.Afterage40,jobhuntingbecomesevenmoredifficult.Manyworkersstayatjobstheyaretoooldforratherthanfacepossiblerejection.Ouryouth-oriented,threw-awaycultureseeslittlevalueinolderpeople.InwriterLillianHellman'swords,theyhave"thewisdomthatcomeswithagethatwecan'tmakeuseof.”

Unemploymentandeconomicneedforworkishigheramongolderwomen,especiallyminorities,thanamongyoungerwhitewomen.Anationalcouncilreportsthesefindings.Thoughunemployedlongerwhenseekingwork,olderwomenjob-huntharder,holdajoblongerwithlessabsenteeism,performaswellorbetter,aremorereliable,andaremorewillinggolearnthanmenoryoungerwomen.Yetmanyolderwomenearnpoorpayandfaceafutureofpovertyintheirretirementyears.Whensexismmeetsageism,povertyisnolongeronthedoorstep-itmovesin,accordingtoTishSommers,directorofaspecialstudyonolderwomenfortheNationalOrganizationforWomen.Yeta1981reportontheWhiteHouseConferenceonAgingshowsthatasagroup,olderAmericansarethe"wealthiest,bestfed,besthoused,healthiest,mostself-reliantolderpopulationinourhistory."Thisstatementissmallcomforttothoselivingbelowthepovertyline,butitdoesexplodesomeoftheoldtraditionalbeliefsandfears.

Opportunitiesformovinginandupinalargecompanymayshrinkbutmanyolderpeoplebeginsuccessfulsmallbusinesses,volunteerinsatisfyingactivities,andstayactiveformanyyears.Theyhavefewrolemodelsbecauseinpreviousgenerationsthelifespanwasmuchshorterandexpectationsoflifewerefewer.Theyareploughingnewground.

Employersarebeginningtorecognizethatthematurepersoncanbringagreatofstabilityandresponsibilitytoaposition.Onedoesn'tloseabilityandexperienceontheeveofone's65thor70thbirthdayanymorethanonegrowsupinstantlyatage21.

1.Aftertheageof40,(

).

2.FromHellman'sremark,wecanseethat(

).

3.TishSommersarguesthat

).

4.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,itcanbeseenthatolderAmericans

).

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatthewriter(

).

问题1选项

A.mostworkersaretiredoftheirpresentjobs

B.manyworkerstendtosticktotheirpresentjobs

C.peoplefindtheirjobsmorerewardingthanbefore

D.peoplestillwishtohuntfoxmoresuitablejobs

问题2选项

A.fullusehasbeenmadeofthewisdomofolderpeople

B.thewisdomofolderpeopleisnotvaluedbyAmericansociety

C.olderpeoplearenolessintelligentthanyoungpeople

D.thewisdomofolderpeopleisofgreatvaluetoAmericansociety

问题3选项

A.olderwomenusuallyhardtoescapepoverty

B.olderwomenusuallyperformbetterintheirjobs

C.themajorcauseofthepovertyofolderwomenissexism

D.morepeoplehavecometobelieveinsexismandageism

问题4选项

A.havemorejobopportunitiesthanyoungpeople

B.livebelowthepovertyline

C.havenewopportunitiestoremainactiveinsociety

D.nolongerbelieveinthepromiseofahappylifeuponretirement

问题5选项

A.callsattentiontothelivingconditionsofolderAmericans

B.believesthatthevalueofolderpeopleisgainingincreasingrecognition

C.attemptstojustifytheyouth—oriented,throw-awaycultureoftheUnitedStates

D.arguespeopleshouldnotretireattheageof65or70

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的二三句“Afterage40,jobhuntingbecomesevenmoredifficult.Manyworkersstayatjobstheyaretoooldforratherthanfacepossiblerejection.”40岁以后,找工作变得更加困难。许多人宁愿待在因为自己年纪太大而无法胜任的工作岗位上,也不愿面对可能的拒绝。选项B符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Hellman”定位到第一段最后一句,用作家LillianHellman的话来说,他们拥有“我们无法利用的随着年龄增长而来的智慧”。再根据选项来推断,选项A中的“fulluse”明显错误;选项B“年长者的智慧没有被美国社会所重视”,符合原文;选项C和D在文中没有提及。所以本题选B。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第二段,然而,许多老年妇女收入微薄,在退休后面临贫困的未来。据英国国家妇女组织一项针对老年妇女的特别研究的负责人TishSommers说,当性别歧视与年龄歧视发生冲突时,贫困就不再近在咫尺——它正在向贫困逼近。也就是说,年长的女性通常很难摆脱贫困,选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段第一句“Opportunitiesformovinginandupinalargecompanymayshrinkbutmanyolderpeoplebeginsuccessfulsmallbusinesses,volunteerinsatisfyingactivities,andstayactiveformanyyears.”尽管进入大公司并晋升的机会可能会减少,但许多老年人开始成功的小生意,自愿参加令人满意的活动,并在多年来都保持着活跃。由此可知,老年人有新的机会在社会上保持活跃,选项C符合原文。

5.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知,作者主要表达的思想是美国社会忽略了年长者的智慧,再根据最后一段末句“Onedoesn'tloseabilityandexperienceontheeveofone's65thor70thbirthdayanymorethanonegrowsupinstantlyatage21.”一个人在65岁或70岁生日前夕不会丧失能力和经验,正如一个人在21岁时不会立即长大一样。也就是说,作者相信老年人的价值正在获得越来越多的认可。选项B符合原文。

9.单选题

Inthewinter,reptilesappeartoverysluggish.

问题1选项

A.stupid

B.listless

C.heavy

D.solitary

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.stupid愚蠢的;糊涂的B.listless没有活力的;无精打采的

C.heavy重的D.solitary单独的;孤独的

【答案】B

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】划线词形容的是冬天的爬行动物,原词sluggish“迟缓的;懒洋洋的”,原句表达的是“爬行动物在冬天行动迟缓,没有活力”。因此,B选项listless“没有活力的;无精打采的”最接近原句句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原句句意。

【句意】在冬天,爬行动物似乎行动迟缓。

10.单选题

Any(

)futurereligionmusttakeseriouslytheimplicationsforreligionoftheremarkablediscoveriesofthemodernnaturalandhumansciences.

问题1选项

A.reflexive

B.viable

C.familial

D.secular

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项reflexive“反身的;反射性的”;B选项viable“可行的;能养活的”;C选项familial“家族的;家庭的;遗传的”;D选项secular“世俗的;长期的;不朽的”句意:任何……的未来的宗教都要重视现代自然和人文科学的重大发现对它的影响。由句意可知句中应表示“长久存在的宗教”,因此D选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Hardtrainingwill______yourichlywhenitcomestotheactualcompetition.

问题1选项

A.pay

B.bring

C.serve

D.make

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项pay“支付,补偿,偿还”,B项bring“带来,提供,引起”,C项serve“招待,供应,为……服务”,D项make“使得,进行,布置,准备”。由Hardtrainingwill______yourichly“艰苦的训练将丰厚地……你”可知,“补偿”符合语境。句意:在真正的比赛中,艰苦的训练会给你带来丰厚的回报。因此,该题选择A项正确。

12.单选题

She()andloweredherheadwhenshecouldn'tanswerthequestioninthepresenceofherclassmates.

问题1选项

A.refuted

B.defied

C.contradicted

D.disputed

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。refute反驳,驳斥;defy挑衅,不服从,公然反抗,还有使落空的意思;contradicted反驳,矛盾;disputed争论,激烈辩论。句意:当她不能在同学面前回答问题时,她感到很落空并低下了头。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed(exactlyaswritten)onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandJamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologistscollectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments“ragsweretransferredtothePianolarollandevenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance,itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteen-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabrightmemorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.Typicallyeachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintactinfinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbasscalledbyjazzmusiciansaboom—chickbass—inthepianist’slefthandanditsmelodicsyncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstitutionalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofJazz.Asagenreragtimerequiresstrictattentionofstructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,RalphVaughanWilliams,AntonDvorak,andScottJoplinaresimilarinthattheyall______.

37.Theword“inherently”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby______.

38.AccordingtoParagraph3,allthefollowingarewhattheragtimecomposermostconcernedwithEXCEPT______.

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenragtimeandjazz?

40.Itcaninferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatthemostimportantfeatureofragtimemusicisits______.

问题1选项

A.conductedresearchintomusicologicalhistory

B.wroteoriginalcompositionsbasedonfolktunes

C.collectedandrecordedabbreviatedpianosuites

D.createdintricatesonata-likemusicalstructures

问题2选项

A.intrinsically

B.artificially

C.monotonously

D.apparently

问题3选项

A.developmentofmusicalthemes

B.asubjectdownintactinfinishedform

C.clear,sharpmelodicfigures

D.connectingittovariousrelatedsubjects

问题4选项

A.Aninstrumentalandmusicaltechniques.

B.Aninstrumentalmannerandamelody.

C.Agenreandmusicaltechniques.

D.Aninstrumentalmannerandagenre.

问题5选项

A.formalstructure

B.emotionalrange

C.improvisationalopportunities

D.roleasaforerunnerofjazz

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】36.【选项释义】

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,RalphVaughanWilliams,AntonDvorak,andScottJoplinaresimilarinthattheyall______.36.根据第一段,拉尔夫沃恩威廉姆斯、安东德沃夏克和斯科特乔普林都______,这一点很相似。

A.conductedresearchintomusicologicalhistoryA.对音乐学历史进行了研究

B.wroteoriginalcompositionsbasedonfolktunesB.是根据民间曲调创作的原创作品

C.collectedandrecordedabbreviatedpianosuitesC.收集并录制了简短的钢琴组曲

D.createdintricatesonata-likemusicalstructuresD.创造了复杂的奏鸣曲式的音乐结构

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位第一段“雷格泰姆是一种音乐形式,它将民间旋律(folkmelodies)和音乐技巧综合成一种简短的类似方舞舞曲的形式,严格地按照创作一样在钢琴上演奏。拉尔夫沃恩威廉姆斯、爱德华格里格和安东德沃夏克等欧洲作曲家与美国的先驱拉雷格泰姆作曲家有着强烈的相似之处。像斯科特乔普林和詹姆斯斯科特这样的作曲家在某种意义上是收藏家或音乐学家,他们收集黑人社区的舞蹈和民间音乐(folkmusic),并有意识地把它们编成简短的组曲或选集(consciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologies),称为钢琴散拍乐曲。”,从中我们可知,雷格泰姆音乐是将民间旋律和音乐技巧结合,并在钢琴上演奏,拉尔夫沃恩威廉姆斯、安东德沃夏克和雷格泰姆风格类似,而斯科特乔普林也是收集民间音乐并编曲,其中的关键词是folkmusic,所以他们的相似之处就是,他们都是根据民间旋律创作作品,B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、D选项在该段没有提到,属于无中生有;

C选项只是针对斯科特乔普林来说,并不全面,属于以偏概全。

37.【选项释义】

37.Theword“inherently”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby______.37.第二段中的“inherently”一词最好用______代替。

A.intrinsicallyA.本质地,固有的

B.artificiallyB.人工地

C.monotonouslyC.无变化地,单调地

D.apparentlyD.显然地

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】定位第二段第三句“然而,没有理由仅因为商业制造商采用了一种机械的录音方法来录制散拍乐,而这是当时录制钢琴音乐的唯一方法,就认为散拍乐inherently就是呆板的”,在第一句也同样提到“有时人们认为散拍乐是呆板的”,从中我们可以推测,inherently表示“本来的”的意思,所以A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不正确,属于曲解原文。

38.【选项释义】

38.AccordingtoParagraph3,allthefollowingarewhattheragtimecomposermostconcernedwithEXCEPT______.38.根据第三段,除了______,下面所有的都是散拍乐曲作曲家最关心的。

A.developmentofmusicalthemesA.音乐主题发展

B.asubjectdownintactinfinishedformB.一个完整的主题

C.clear,sharpmelodicfiguresC.清晰的、尖锐的旋律

D.connectingittovariousrelatedsubjectsD.将其与各种相关主题联系起来

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位第三段倒数第二句“散拍乐作曲家关心的不是音乐主题的发展(Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes),而是把一个完整的主题(atheme)以完整的形式记录下来,并把它与各种相关的主题联系起来(linksittovariousrelatedthemes)”,以及倒数第三句“因此,主题必须是简短的,清晰的,尖锐的旋律(clear,sharpmelodicfigures)”,从中可知A项是散拍乐曲作曲家不关心的。因此,该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均是散拍乐曲作曲家关心的。

39.【选项释义】

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenragtimeandjazz?39.根据第四段,散拍乐和爵士乐的主要区别是什么?

A.Aninstrumentalandmusicaltechniques.A.一种乐器技巧和音乐技巧。

B.Aninstrumentalmannerandamelody.B.一种乐器方法和旋律。

C.Agenreandmusicaltechniques.C.音乐流派和音乐技巧。

D.Aninstrumentalmannerandagenre.D.一种乐器方法和流派。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位至第四段,文中提到“无论是作为一种器乐风格(institutionalstyle)还是一种流派(genre),散拍乐都与爵士乐截然不同”,从中可知,散拍乐和爵士乐主要在于institutionalstyle和genre上的区别,D选项表达最完整,因此正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项表达不全面,属于以偏概全。

40.【选项释义】

40.Itcaninferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatthemostimportantfeatureofragtimemusicisits______.40.可以推断出,文章的作者认为散拍乐最重要的特征是它的______。

A.formalstructureA.形式结构

B.emotionalrangeB.情绪广度

C.improvisationalopportunitiesC.即兴机会

D.roleasaforerunnerofjazzD.爵士乐先驱的角色

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“散拍乐的精确性不是一种呆板的精确,这种精确也并不局限于表演风格,它来自于散拍乐遵循的一个明确定义的形式(awell-definedform),并在这个形式中遵守简单的规则”,第三段第一句“钢琴散拍乐的经典形式(classicformula)就是在16小节的旋律中安排3到5个主题,并且经常以重复的形式组织起来(organizedwithrepeats)”,以及最后一段中的“散拍乐风格强调的是重复的音乐节奏(apatternofrepeatedrhythms)……散拍乐要求严格注意结构(requiresstrictattentionofstructure)……”,从中我们可以看出,散拍乐的特点就是遵循明确的形式规则和编曲结构,所以A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项属于编曲结构的特点之一,但并不全面,属于以偏概全;

C选项没有提到,属于无中生有;

D选项定位文章最后一句“散拍乐与其说是爵士乐,不如说是19世纪的民间音乐”可知,选项中的forerunner并不符合原文,属于反向干扰。

14.单选题

Turningcultivatedlandbackintoforestsorpastureisafundamentalwaytostemsoil(

)anddesertificationinthelongrun.

问题1选项

A.erosion

B.depletion

C.violation

D.delusion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。erosion“侵蚀,腐蚀”;depletion“消耗,损耗”;violation“违反”;delusion“欺骗,迷惑”。句意:将耕地退耕为森林或者草原是阻止土壤侵蚀和荒漠化的根本方法。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Toparaphrase18lh-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementlargerbiomedicalresearchbecauseifdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatconiesfromoristestedinanimals-nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,"ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon'tunderstand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguagesofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother'shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.

1.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto().

2.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis().

3.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s().

4.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould().

5.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis().

问题1选项

A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions.

B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch.

D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement.

问题2选项

A.cruelbutnatural.

B.inhumanandunacceptable

C.inevitablebutvicious

D.pointlessandwasteful.

问题3选项

A.discontentwithanimalresearch.

B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience.

C.indifferencetoepidemics.

D.anxietyaboutanimalrights.

问题4选项

A.communicatemorewiththepublic.

B.employhi-techmeansinresearch.

C.feelnoshamefortheircause.

D.strivetodevelopnewcures.

问题5选项

A.awell-knownhumanist.

B.amedicalpractitioner.

C.anenthusiastinanimalrights.

D.asupporterofanimalresearch.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.意图题。由第一段的allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates一个被误导的事业要想取得胜利,唯一需要做的就是好人什么也不做。一个这样的事业现在正寻求结束生物医学研究,因为动物有权利排除在研究中使用它们的理论。科学家需要对动物权利倡导者做出强有力的回应。可知这段话是实际上表达的是一种呼吁,故A项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段末句“Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.听到在研究环境中虐待动物的指控,许多人感到困惑,为什么有人会故意伤害动物。”和第三段“Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.对那些不知道需要动物研究来生产这些疗法以及新疗法和疫苗的人来说,动物研究往好了说是浪费,往坏了说是残忍。可知人们认为用动物做研究是残忍的,是无法接受的。故B项正确。

3.判断推理题。agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatconiesfromoristestedinanimals-nomeat,nofur,nomedicines...shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”在最近的一次集市上,一位站在动物权利摊位上的老奶奶正在散发小册子,鼓励读者不要使用任何动物制品或动物试验制品——肉类、毛皮、药物。当被问及是否反对免疫接种时,她想知道疫苗是否来自动物研究。她回答说:“当我确定他们会的时候,我就不得不说是。”当被问及流行病卷土重来时会发生什么时,她说:“不用担心,科学家们会找到使用电脑的方法。”以及最后一句suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.这样好心的人就是不明白。据此可知作者用老奶奶的例子来表明公众对医学研究的无知。故B项正确。

4.细节事实题。由第三段Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguagesofmolecularbiology.科学家必须以一种富有同情心的、可理解的方式向公众传达他们的信息——以人类的方式,而不是用分子生物学的语言。可知科学家应该更好地以一种公众能理解的方式与其沟通。故A项正确。

5.细节事实题。Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.最后,由于最终的利益相关者是患者,卫生研究界不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬•库珀(StephenCooper)等知名人士的支持,而且应该争取所有接受治疗的人的支持。库珀曾就动物研究的价值发表过勇敢的言论。据此可知库珀是个名人,也是动物研究的支持者。故D项正确。

16.单选题

TheDuPontCompany,the13thlargestemployerintheU.S.,routinelygivespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobstodeterminewhomightbeacarrierofthetraitforsickle-cellanemia,eventhoughthetraitisregardedaslargelyharmless.Althoughthereareothergeneticallytransmittedblooddiseasesandmetabolicdisordersthatpredominateinracialorethnicgroups,blacksaretheonlyonestobeidentifiedwithadiseaseandexaminedforitatDuPont.InathreemonthstudyofgeneticscreeningintheAmericanworkplace,theNewYorkTimesfoundnootherinstanceofanethnicorracialgroupsingledoutinanorganizationorcompany.DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals.Yettheofficialscanoffernofirmevidencethatthetrait―notthedisease,butonlyasingleabnormalgene—makesblacksmorevulnerable.DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreeningandthusisatthecenterofthedebateoverthisareaofscience,debatesointense,sobroad,thatevenmedicaldirectorsfromothercompanieswhobelievethepossibilitiesofgeneticscreeningwantnopartofit.Atleast,nowtheofficialsatDuPontCompany,aleaderinthechemicalindustrywithannualgrosssalesofmorethan$10billion,feeltheyhavethemoneyandthescientiststoturnthedistrustintoachievement.Ifsomechemicalsarehighlytoxicandtheworkplaceislessthanpure,companyofficialsreason,itisonlylogicaltotrytodeterminewhysomeworkersgetsickerfasterandwhyothersseemtohavemoretoleranceforindustrialpoisons.Andsothecompanyislookingbeyondtheskillsandloyaltyofitsworkerstogeneticstructure.

Thesickle-celltraitisnotthesameassickle-cellanemia.Theanemiaisrarebutdebilitatingdisorderfoundinfewerthan50,000Americanblacks,abouttwo-tenthsofapercentoftheblackpopulation.Perhapstwomillionotherblacksarecarriersofthetrait—theyareheterozygous.Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutDuPont?

2.WhatdoDuPontofficialssay?

3.Whatistrueaboutgeneticscreening?

4.Theunderlinedword"toxic"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans(

).

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecarriersofsick-celltrait?

问题1选项

A.Itexaminedthebloodofsomeblacks

B.Itexaminedsomeblacksfortheirknowledgeofblood.

C.Itdiscoveredthatsomeblackshavebloodillness.

D.Itdiscoveredthebloodofsomeblackscontainingindustrialchemicals.

问题2选项

A.Theyaretryingtoprotectblacksformhealththreats.

B.Theycanprovethatblacksarelikelytohavehealthproblems.

C.Theyregardtheskillsofworkersasthemostimportantmatter.

D.Theyhopethatothercompaniescanfollowtheirexample.

问题3选项

A.Itoftenaimsatblackemployees.

B.Itsfocusisoftenonsickle-cellanemia.

C.Somecompaniesdonotwanttodoit.

D.TheUSgovernmentstronglysupportsit.

问题4选项

A.powerful

B.complex

C.thick

D.poisonous

问题5选项

A.Theirnumberisabout50,000.

B.Theyusuallyseemtohavenormallives.

C.Theyincludeoverhalfoftheblackpopulation

D.Theydonotseemtobeaffectedbyindustrialchemicals.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到DuPont公司对来应聘的黑人进行血液检测(givespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobs),选项A符合题意。

2.文章提到DuPont公司官方发言人强调这种做法不是歧视,而是在帮助他们避免潜在的疾病威胁(DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals),选项A符合题意。

3.文章提到DuPont公司是美国做基因筛查的先锋(DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreening),所以可以推测出一些公司并不想做这个筛查。选项C符合题意。

4.题干中的toxic是“有毒的”的意思。powerful有力的;complex复杂的,thick浓的;厚的;poisonous有毒的。选项D符合题意。

5.文章最后一句Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease提到实际上很多携带者可以很积极地生活并且不会有任何症状。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans,AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethics(伦理学)professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswi

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