考研考博-英语-嘉兴南洋职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-嘉兴南洋职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thecontributiongenesmaketointelligenceincreasesaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainstthe

notionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegenetic

legacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluence

goesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobert

Plomin.“Whatwefoundwasquiteamazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceareatleastpartlyduetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steampooleddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutintheUS,theUK,AustraliaandtheNetherlands,involvingatotalof11,000pairsoftwins.Inthesestudies,theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,logicandarithmeticstomeasureaquantitycalledgeneralcognitiveability,or“G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,withthesamegenes,andfraternaltwins,sharingabouthalftheirgenes,makingitpossibletodistinguishthecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheirGscores.

Plomin’steamcalculatedthatinchildhood,genesaccountforabout41percentofthevariationin

intelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent；byyoungadolescence,itwas66percent.Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,butPlominsuggeststhataschildrenget

older，theybecomebetteratexploitingandmanipulatingtheirenvironmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,

andsays“KidswithhighGwillusetheirenvironmenttofostertheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriends

whoarelike-minded.”ChildrenwithmediumtolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesand

activities,furtheremphasizingtheirgeneticlegacy.

Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?Perhaps.“Theevidenceofstrongheritabilitydoesn’t

meanatallthatthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit，”saysSusanneJaeggi，“Fromourownwork,the

onesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQscoreshadhighergainsaftertraining.’’

Plominsuggeststhatgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshareanidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeingtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.“Myinclinationwouldbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmoreeffortintothelowerend,”hesays.IntelligenceresearcherPaulThompsonagrees:“Itshowsthateducatorsneedtosteerkidstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.”

1.Whatisthecommonnotionthatpeopleholdaboutgenes?

2.ThestudybyPlomin’steamaimstofindout(

)

3.Fromtheexperimentwithtwins,Plomin’steamdrawsaconclusionthat(

).

4.Theword“pattern”inparagraphfourisclosestinmeaningto(

).

5.WhichofthefollowingmightPlomin’steamleastagreeto?

问题1选项

A.Humanscandolittletochangethegeneticdifferencesbetweenpeople.

B.Geneticinfluencebecomesstrongerwhenpeoplereceiveeducation.

C.Genescontributemoretoone’sintelligencethanenvironmentalfactors.

D.Environmentalfactorslessentheinfluenceofgenesonone’sintelligence.

问题2选项

A.whethervariationsinintelligencearecausedbygeneticdifferences

B.howtooverpowergeneticfactorswithneweducationalapproaches

C.whethergeneticcontributiontoone’sintelligencevarieswithage

D.therelationshipbetweenenvironmentandgenes

问题3选项

A.geneticcontributionincreaseswhenonegrowsolder

B.geneticinfluencedecreaseswhenageincreases

C.environmenthasmoreimpactonfraternaltwinsthanidenticaltwins

D.itremainsamysteryhowgenesandenvironmentco-influencepeople

问题4选项

A.cognitiveability

B.strongheritability

C.geneticlegacy

D.challengingpastimes

问题5选项

A.Anidenticalcurriculumtoschoolchildren.

B.AdifferentiatedcoursedesigntochildrenwithvariedIQ.

C.MoreeffortdirectedatchildrenwithmediumorlowG.

D.Educationtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。题干：人们对基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“asweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation”可知大多数人认为，随着年龄增长，“environmentalinfluence环境影响”将逐渐大于“geneticlegacy基因遗传”。因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：Plomin的研究小组的目的是找出______。根据关键词“Plomin’steam”定位到第二段第二句，往前有“Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage”可知他们的目的是找出基因贡献是否随着年龄增长而增加。因此选项C符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：从双胞胎的实验中，Plomin的团队得出了一个结论_______。第二段最后提到了双胞胎实验，第三段开头讲到实验结论“Plomin’steamcalculatedthat…”，第三句中“Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage”可推出实验结论就是基因影响随着年龄的增长而增加。因此选项A符合题意。

4.词义推测题。题干：第四段中的“pattern”最接近_______。定位点在第四段第一句，因此答案需往前文第三段找。第三段中，Plomin认为G较高的孩子会利用环境培养自己的认知能力并选择志同道合的朋友；而G较低的孩子可能会选择不那么有挑战的娱乐和活动，进而强化了他们的基因遗传。可知这里说的“pattern”就是孩子们认知能力的发展。因此选项A符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：下面哪个选项可能是Plomin的团队最不同意的？由本文最后一段可知，Plomin的团队认为应该进行差异化教育，对于G中低等的孩子应投入更多精力。因此选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.ColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreatergloryofSpain.LewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheU.ShadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisiana,andtheAppoloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwar.

Althoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpolitical-militaryimperatives,theexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencesimplybygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebefore.

TodayMarsloomsashumanity’snextgreatterraincognita.Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashort-termfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet’sreddishsurface.Coulditbethatscience,whichhaslongplayedaminorroleinexploration,isatlastdestinedtotakeleadingrole?Thequestionnaturallyinvitesacoupleofothers:ArethereexperimentsthatonlyhumanscoulddoonMars?Couldthoseexperimentsprovideinsightsprofoundenoughtojustifytheexpenseofsendingpeopleacrossinterplanetaryspace?

WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen.Theissueofwhetherlifeexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteoritefromMars.AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thechiefpurposeofexplorersingoingtounknownplaceinthepastwas（

）.

2.Atpresent,aprobableinducementforcountriestoinitiatelarge-scalespaceventuresis（

）.

3.WhatisthemaingoalofsendinghumanmissionstoMars?

4.Bysaying“WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen”(linel,Para.4),theauthormeansthat（

）.

5.ThepassagetellsusthatproofoflifeonMarswould（

）.

问题1选项

A.todisplaytheircountry’smilitarymight

B.toaccomplishsomesignificantscience

C.tofindnewareasforcolonization

D.topursuecommercialandstateinterests

问题2选项

A.internationalcooperation

B.nationalisticreasons

C.scientificresearch

D.long-termprofits

问题3选项

A.Tofindoutiflifeeverexistedthere.

B.Toseeifhumanscouldsurvivethere.

C.Toprovethefeasibilityoflarge-scalespaceventures.

D.Toshowtheleadingroleofscienceinspaceexploration.

问题4选项

A.withMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventures

B.inthecaseofMars,therewardsofscientificexplorationcanbyveryhigh

C.inthecaseofMars,muchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbefore

D.withMars,scientistsargue,thefundamentalinterestsofscienceareissue

问题5选项

A.makeclearthecomplexchemistryinthedevelopmentoflife

B.confirmthesuggestionthatbacterialfossilstraveledtoEarthonameteorite

C.revealthekindofconditionsunderwhichlifeoriginates

D.provideanexplanationwhylifeiscommonintheuniverse

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节判断题。文章开头指出Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.即近几个世纪以来，出于不同程度的经济利益或国家利益考虑，探险家们冒着生命危险探索着未知领域。D选项‘追求商业和国家利益’符合题意。

2.细节判断题。根据文章第三段第二句Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashort-termfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet’sreddishsurface.即由于不再关心短期的经济回报，冷战的阴影也日渐退去，各国家更加重视彼此之间航空探险合作。除了经济或民族主义，责任感使得人类开始踏上探索火星的征程。推断出如今各国家发起大规模的航空探险是出于科学研究考虑，而并非为了军备竞赛或只图短期利益。C选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段末尾IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.即如果证实生命曾经在火星和地球上独立地出现过，那么这将会解开科学史上最大的谜团一一在整个宇宙中，生命肯定也普遍存在于其他星球上。确定A选项‘把人送上火星是为了证实那里曾经有生命出现过‘符合题意。

4.词义理解题。WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen,意思是“火星的科学利益可以说比以往任何时候都要高。”“stakes”在这里的意思是“利益”。所以B选项‘就火星而言，科学探索的回报可能会非常高‘符合题意。

5.推理判断题。根据文中最后一段“AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.对于火星上过去或现在的生命，一个更具决定性的答案将为研究人员提供宝贵的数据，帮助他们了解一颗行星在何种条件下能够产生生命的复杂化学物质。”即过去或现在火星有生命迹象这种更为概括性的解答会为一个星球在哪些复杂的化学条件下会产生生命迹象的研究提供非常珍贵的数据证明。所以C选项‘揭示生命起源的条件‘符合题意。

3.单选题

The（

）onthesurfaceofthefemalekangaroo'sabdomenservesasaplaceofrefugefortheyoung,whocangetatthemilkglandswithoutleavingtheirshelter.

问题1选项

A.patch

B.porch

C.paunch

D.pouch

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析题。要注意区分四个选项名词的不同意思。根据句意‘雌性袋鼠腹部表面的育儿袋是用来保护幼崽，使它们不需要离开这里也能够获得母亲的乳汁的。’和常识可知空格处表示“育儿袋”。A选项parch意为“眼罩，斑点”；B选项porch意为“门廊，走廊”；C选项paunch意为“腹，大肚子”；D选项pouch意为“小袋，育儿袋”。D选项正确。

4.单选题

=Heknewthathewouldbepunishedseverelybecauseofhisseriouserror.Thereforehe（

）

awaythedaybeforeyesterday.

问题1选项

A.cautioned

B.fled

C.chattered

D.civilized

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。句意:他知道自己犯了很严重的错误，会受到严厉的责罚，因此，他前天就逃了。

fleeaway逃离。

5.单选题

Howmanypeoplearesufferingfromlabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityisfrommultipleearners,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffers.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherpart-timeworkingbecauseoftheinabilitytofindfulltimework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandinkindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailingsinthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,andhence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

16.Whichofthefollowingdoes“labormarketproblems”(Paragraph1)referto?

17.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat____.

18.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

19.Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat____.

20.Accordingtothetext,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe____.

问题1选项

A.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome.

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingofworkforce.

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods.

D.Theoverallcausesofpoverty.

问题2选项

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

D.nowthereisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

问题3选项

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

问题4选项

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardship

问题5选项

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflowwageworkers

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglowwageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】16.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingdoes“labormarketproblems”(Paragraph1)referto?“劳动力市场问题”（第一段）指的是下列哪一项？

A.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome.A.提供足够收入的工作岗位短缺。

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingofworkforce.B.劳动力培训不足。

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods.C.商品生产者之间的贸易关系。

D.Theoverallcausesofpoverty.D.贫困的总体原因。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Paragraph1和labormarketproblems定位到原文第1段第1句，该句提到“劳动力市场问题困扰了很多人”。但是第1段第3句提到“在许多方面，我们的社会统计数字夸大了（exaggerate）困难的程度。”第2段第1句提到“然而，我们的社会统计数据也在许多方面低估了（underestimate）劳动力市场相关困难的程度”。由此可知，第1段主要介绍的是，统计数据对劳动力市场问题的夸大，第2段主要介绍的是问题，而本题要求选择的是劳动力市场的问题，因此，定位段是第2段。第2段提到了社会统计数据没有考虑的因素有“数百万工资非常低但是属于充分就业的工人（fullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolow）”、“找不到全职工作，只有兼职工作的人（part-timeworkingbecauseoftheinabilitytofindfulltimework）”、“在劳动力市场之外，但想要一份工作的人（elseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob）”等。由此可知，劳动力市场提供的工作岗位不足，其提供的有足够收入的工作岗位也不足，A选项“提供足够收入的工作岗位短缺”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】B选项“劳动力培训不足”、C选项“商品生产者之间的贸易关系”、D选项“贫困的总体原因”原文并未提及，均属于无中生有。

17.【选项释义】

Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat____.作者对比了20世纪30年代和现在，以表明____。

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930sA.20世纪30年代失业的人更多

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednowB.现在更需要社会进步

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffectsC.现在失业的影响没那么严重

D.nowthereisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpovertyD.现在，贫困人口中老年人和残疾人的比例有所提高

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词contraststhe1930swiththepresent定位到原文第1段。本段第4句提到“今天的失业不会（doesnothave）像上世纪30年代那样带来可怕的后果（thesamedireconsequences）”，并介绍了当时的情况，由此可知，进行对比的目的是为了说明今天失业带来的影响没那么严重，C选项“现在失业的影响没那么严重”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“20世纪30年代失业的人更多”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“现在更需要社会进步”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“现在，贫困人口中老年人和残疾人的比例有所提高”，可定位到原文第1段最后一句，该句提到“现在的统计的贫困人口中（Mostofthosecounted）大多数是老年人、残疾人等”，原文并不是说现在这两类人更多了，而是说他们在统计的贫困人口中占比更多，该选项属于偷换概念。

18.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?以下哪一项建议最好地回应了作者提出的问题？

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.A.要通过多种途径建立创新方案，降低失业水平。

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.B.在那些认为失业是比经济控制更大的祸害的人和持相反观点的人之间，应该找到一种妥协。

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.C.应当制定新的统计指数，以衡量失业和报酬不足的就业造成痛苦的程度。

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.D.该考虑到统计数据是如何成为它们声称要衡量的现象的部分原因的。

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】本题要求选出对作者提出的问题的建议，那么首先需要知道作者提出的问题是什么。本文的结构是“分分总”，围绕劳动力市场的问题，第1段说介绍“社会统计数字在一些方面夸大了（exaggerate）劳动力市场相关困难的程度”；第2段介绍“社会统计数据在一些方面也低估了（underestimate）困难的程度”；最后一段总述“现有的贫困、就业和收入统计数据（theexisting…statistics）不足以（areinadequatefor）用于衡量劳动力市场问题的后果”。由此可知，作者在本文中提出的问题是“现有的数据不足以衡量劳动力市场问题的后果”；由第2段可知，劳动力市场的问题主要是“可提供的工作岗位不足；可提供的有足够报酬的工作岗位不足”。因此，C选项“应当制定新的统计指数，以衡量失业和报酬不足的就业造成痛苦的程度”是个可行的建议。

【干扰项排除】A选项“要通过多种途径建立创新方案，降低失业水平”、B选项“在那些认为失业是比经济控制更大的祸害的人和持相反观点的人之间，应该找到一种妥协”、D选项“该考虑到统计数据是如何成为它们声称要衡量的现象的部分原因的”，都不是针对作者提出的问题提出的建议，与题干无关。

19.【选项释义】

Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat____.作者引用那些一年中反复失业的人的目的很可能是为了表明____。

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforceA.有几个因素导致某些劳动力的工资偏低

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessnessB.失业统计数据可能低估了失业带来的困难

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcausehardshipsforindividualworkersC.劳动力市场上经常出现的不足对个体劳动者来说，可能会存在困难，或者可能给他们带来困难

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardshipD.在任何时候，大多数失业的人并没有遭受严重的苦难

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词repeatedlyunemployed定位到原文第2段第3句，该句提到“低工资（Lowwages）和反复或长期失业（repeatedorprolongedunemployment）经常相互作用，破坏了自给自足的能力。”并且在后面几句话中对反复失业进行了介绍。另外，第2段的第一句为本段的核心句，指出本段的主旨是“统计数据低估了劳动力市场问题的困难程度”。第3句提到的“低工资和反复或长期失业”是现有的失业统计数据没有考虑的因素，而它们又确实是劳动力市场存在的问题。因此，作者引用这些反复失业的例子应该是为本段的主旨服务的，B选项“失业统计数据可能低估了失业带来的困难”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“有几个因素导致某些劳动力的工资偏低”，低工资和反复失业是两个不同的问题，该选项不符合题意；

C选项“劳动力市场上经常出现的不足对个体劳动者来说，可能会存在困难，或者可能给他们带来困难”，这是第2段介绍的反复或长期失业的人的困难本身，并不是作者引用的目的，该选项属于本末倒置；

D选项“在任何时候，大多数失业的人并没有遭受严重的苦难”，原文说的是失业的人有困难，该选项表述错误，且不符合题意。

20.【选项释义】

Accordingtothetext,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe____.根据这篇文章，导致失业和收入数据高估经济困难程度的一个因素是____。

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflowwageworkersA.一群低工资工人失业期的复发

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwagesB.事实上，失业人数并不包括那些低工资的人

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatisticsC.建立一个记录保存系统，使编纂贫困统计数据成为可能

D.prevalence,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployedD.低收入工人和失业者普遍存在于其他家庭成员都有工作的家庭中

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词over-predict定位到原文第1段，本段介绍统计数据夸大了困难程度。本段最后两句提到“在数以百万计的时薪处于或低于最低工资水平的人中，绝大多数人都来自多收入者、相对富裕的家庭”，“贫困统计中的大多数人都是老人或残疾人，或者有家庭责任，这使他们无法成为劳动力”。由此可知，统计数据统计的失业或贫困数据，包括了很大一部分家庭条件不错，只是自身失业或收入低的人，或者说包括一些由于自身原因本就不属于劳动力的人，这些人本不应该包括在失业或贫困数据内，这导致了数据高估了经济困难程度。因此，D选项“低收入工人和失业者普遍存在于其他家庭成员都有工作的家庭中”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“一群低工资工人失业期的复发”，是原文第2段介绍统计数据低估困难程度的因素，不符合题意；

B选项“事实上，失业人数并不包括那些低工资的人”，也是原文第2段介绍统计数据低估困难程度的因素，不符合题意；

C选项“建立一个记录保存系统，使编纂贫困统计数据成为可能”，原文并未提及相关信息，该选项属于无中生有。

6.单选题

（）therewasnotasoularoundexceptsomecarspassingoccasionally.

问题1选项

A.Overnight

B.Atdusk

C.Inthedeadofnight

D.Fortnight

【答案】C

【解析】词组短语辨析。overnight“过夜”；atdusk“傍晚；黄昏时刻”；inthedeadofnight“夜深人静之时”；fortnight“两星期”。句意：夜深人静时，除了有几辆车偶尔经过外，没有几个行人。选项C符合题意。

7.翻译题

学习对于心灵而言，犹如食物对于身体一样重要。摄取足够的食物营养之后，身体才得以成长，肌肉才得以发达。同样，为保持敏锐的心智能力和扩充智力容量，我们应该日复一日地不断学习。不断学习为我们提供无尽的能量，它是跟上信息时代步伐最稳妥的方法，也是在变动的时代中取得成功的可靠保证。

【答案】Asfoodistothebody,soislearningtothemind.Ourbodiesgrowandmusclesdevelopwiththeintakeofadequatenutritiousfood.Likewise,weshouldkeeplearningdaybydaytomaintainourkeenmentalpowerandexpandourintellectualcapacity.Learningincessantlyisthesurestwaytokeeppacewiththetimesintheinformationage,andreliablewarrantofsuccessintimesofuncertainty.

8.单选题

Womenoncedemandedmenwith______socialskills,butthey'renowfocusingon"hisvalues,ifhe’sinterestedinfamily".

问题1选项

A.impeditive

B.colossal

C.blemish

D.impeccable

【答案】D

【解析】impeditive阻碍的,妨碍的;colossal巨大的,庞大的;blemish污点,缺点,瑕疵；impeccable没有缺点的，无瑕疵的。句意：女性曾经要求男性具备无可挑剔的社交能力，但现在她们关注的是“他的价值观，他是否热爱家庭”。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,whichofferhimcompanion-ship;somegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.

Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroa-minginsearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.

Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity，freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.Thequantityoffoodde-pendsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.

Evenwellcaredanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickani-mals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly，hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime，moneyandat-tentionspentontheirhealth.

1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?

4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.

B.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.

C.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.

D.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.

问题2选项

A.refusetoobeyitsmaster

B.immediatelyfallill

C.requireitsmastertooffersomefood

D.seekforfoodonitsown

问题3选项

A.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.

B.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.

C.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.

D.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.

问题4选项

A.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonit

B.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding

C.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexercise

D.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations

问题5选项

A.DomesticatedAnimals—Man’sBestFriend

B.ProperDiet—theRoadtoHealth

C.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals

D.SomeTipsonPet-keeping

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】6.文章开篇指出：Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber（世界上现存的动物种类成千上万，人类和其中很大一部分成为朋友）。据此可知，B项正确。

7.根据文中第二段：Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.（家养的动物指望主人给它们提供需要的东西，只要这些需要满足了，他们就会听从主人）。据此可以推测，A选项为正确答案。

8.根据D选项中的HuskyandtheSaluki定位至文中第一段：TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.文中并未提及这两种犬是世界上已知的最强壮品种。据此可知，D项是不正确的。

9.根据第三段：Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood…Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.（所有家养的动物都需要合适的食物……放置食物和水的容器必须定期清洗，这样才能使动物们保持健康。）据此可知，B项为正确答案。

10.本文开篇就点明了文章的主题，即世界上现存的动物种类成千上万，人类和其中很大一部分成为朋友。而且这里说的动物主要是指家养的动物，因此A项是本文的最佳标题。

10.单选题

TheEskimoi