考研考博-英语-厦门城市职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门城市职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theworldeconomicrecessionputan（）endtothesteelmarketupturnthatbeganin2002.

问题1选项

A.irregular

B.illegal

C.absurd

D.abrupt

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。irregular"不规则的,无规律的";illegal"非法的";absurd"不合理的,荒谬的";abrupt"突然的,意外的"。根据句中upturn判定,worldeconomicrecession是"突然停止的"。句意：世界经济衰退突然结束了2002年开始的钢铁市场好转的情况。选项D符合句意。

2.翻译题

中国有关管理部门规定，现役运动员在备战北京奥运会期间，不得参加任何形式的社会活动。

“生活质量”这个词不好下定义。它包含很广的范围，例如生活环境、健康、就业、食品、家庭生活、教育、物质财富、休闲和娱乐，等等。

亚运会，是一个在来自亚洲各地的运动员中举办的多项目体育赛事，每4年一届。该运动会受亚洲奥林匹克理事会(OCA)根据国际奥委会(IOC)的监督。

父母、老师、工作同伴和大众媒体的传播者都能激发我们潜在的兴趣。例如，学校对于做游戏、参加体育活动和文化追求的鼓励的程度和方式很可能对学生休闲态度的形成产生影响。

一场球赛由两个各出五人的球队组成，篮球运动既可在室内也可在室外的长方形场地上进行。运动员可以通过运球在场地上移动，或者是边跑边传球，把球投进橘黄色的篮筐得分。

【答案】Chineseauthoritieshasbanneditsactiveathletesfromtakingpartinanyformofsocialactivitiesintherun-uptoBeijingOlympics.

Theterm“qualityoflife”ishardtodefine.Itcoversaverywiderangesuchaslivingenvironment,health,employment,food,familylife,education,materialwealth,leisureandentertainment,andsoon.

TheAsianGamesisamulti-sporteventwhichholdseveryfouryearsamongathletesfromalloverAsia.ThegamesaresupervisedbytheOlympicCouncilofAsia(OCA)undertheregulationoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC).

Parents,teachersinschools,fellowworkersandmassmediacommunicatorsareallcapableofstimulatingourpotentialinterests.Forexample,thedegreetowhichandthewaysinwhichaschoolencouragesparticipationingames,sportsandculturalpursuitsarelikelytohaveanimpactontheshapingofleisureattitudesonthepartofthestudents.

Abasketballgame,whichcanbeholdinanoblongfieldeitherindoororoutdoor,usuallyconsistsoftwoteamsof5playersineach.Whenrunninginthefield,playerscancarryorpasstheball.Whentheballisthrewintotheorangebasket,playerscangetpoints.

3.单选题

Televisionsenableustoseethingshappenalmostattheexactmoment（

）.

问题1选项

A.whichtheyarehappening

B.theyarehappening

C.whichtheyhappen

D.theyhavehappened

【答案】B

【解析】句意:电视使我们能够看到事情发生的那一瞬间。

语法题。考查名词性从句。moment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句，井且根据关键词attheexactmoment可知此处应该用进行吋态，故选B。

4.单选题

Becauseearlymanviewedillnessasdivinepunishmentandhealingaspurification,medicineandreligionwereinextricably,linkedforcenturies.Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."

By3500B.C.,theSumeriansintheTigris-Euphratesvalleyhaddevelopedvirtuallyallofourmodernmethodsofadministeringdrugs.Theyusedgarglesinhalations,pills,lotions,ointments,andplasters.Thefirstdrugcatalog,orpharmacopoeia,waswrittenatthattimebyanunknownSumerianphysician.Preservedincuneiformscriptonasingleclay'tabletarethenamesofdozensofdrugstotreatailmentsthatstillafflictustoday.

TheEgyptiansaddedtotheancientmedicinechest.TheEbersPapyrus,ascrolldatingfrom1900B.C.andnamedaftertheGermanEgyptologistGeorgeEbers.revealsthetrial-and-errorknow-howacquiredbyearlyEgyptianphysicians.Torelieveindigestion,achewofpeppermintleavesandcarbonates(knowntoday.Asantacids)wasprescribed,andtonumbthepainoftoothextraction,Egyptiandoctorstemporarilystupefiedapatientwithethylalcohol.

Thescrollalsoprovidesarareglimpseintothehierarchyofancientdrugpreparation.The"'chiefofthepreparersofdrugs"wastheequivalentofaheadpharmacist,whosupervisedthe'"collectorsofdrugs."fieldworkers,whogatheredessentialmineralsandherbs.The'"preparers"aides"(technicians)driedandpulverizedingredients,whichwereblendedaccordingtocertainformulasbythe"preparers."

Andthe"conservatorofdrugs"oversawthestorehousewherelocalandimportedmineral,herb,andanimal-organingredientswerekept.BytheseventhcenturyB.C.theGreekshadadoptedasophisticatedmind-bodyviewofmedicine.They-believedthataphysicianmustpursuethediagnosisandtreatmentofthephysicalcausesofdiseasewithinascientificframework,aswellascurethesupernaturalcomponentsinvolved.Thus,theearly,Greekphysicianemphasizedsomethingofaholisticapproachtohealth,evenifthesuspected"mental"causesofdiseasewerenotrecognizedasstressanddepressionbutinterpretedascursesfromdispleaseddeities.

Themoderneraofpharmacologybeganinthesixteenthcentury,usheredinby'thefirstmajordiscoveriesinchemistry.Theunderstandingofhowchemicalsinteracttoproducecertaineffectswithinthebodywouldeventuallyremovemuchoftheguessworkandmagicfrommedicine.

Drugshadbeenlaunchedonascientificcourse,butcenturies"wouldpassbeforesuperstitionwasdisplacedby'scientificfact.Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens,suchasbacteriaandviruses,continuedtodreamupimaginarycausativeevils.Andthoughnewchemicalcompoundsemerged,theireffectivenessintreatingdiseasewasstillbasedlargelyontrialanderror.

Manystandard,commondrugsinthemedicinechestdevelopedinthistrial-and-errorenvironment.Suchisthecomplexityofdiseaseandhumanbiochemistrythateventoday,despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.

1.TheauthorcitestheliteraldefinitionoftheGreekwordphannakoninthefirstparagraphinorderto（）

.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theseventh-centuryGreeks'viewofmedicinedifferedfromthatoftheSumeriansinthattheGreeks（）.

3.InParagraph5,theword"holistic"mostnearlymeans（）

.

4.Thepassageindicatesthatadvancesinmedicalscienceduringthemoderneraofpharmacologymayhavebeendelayedby（）

.

5.Inthefinalparagraph,theauthormakeswhichofthefollowingobservationsaboutscientificdiscovery?

问题1选项

A.showthatancientcivilizationhadanadvancedformofmedicalscience

B.pointoutthatmanofthebeliefsofancientcivilizationsarestillheldtoday

C.illustratethatearlymanthoughtrecoveryfromillnesswaslinkedtointernalcleansing

D.emphasizetheprimitivenatureofGreekmedicalscience

问题2选项

A.discoveredmoreadvancedchemicalapplicationsofdrugs

B.acknowledgedboththementalandphysicalrootsofillness

C.establishedarigidhierarchyforthepreparationofdrugs

D.attributeddiseasetopsychological,ratherthanphysical,causes

问题3选项

A.integrated

B.religious

C.modern

D.physiological

问题4选项

A.alackofunderstandingofheoriginsofdisease

B.ashortageofchemicaltreatmentsfordisease

C.aninaccuracyinpharmaceuticalpreparation

D.anoveremphasisonthepsychologicalcausesofdisease

问题5选项

A.Humanbiochemistryissuchacomplexsciencethatimportantdiscoveriesareuncommon.

B.Manycuresforcommondiseaseshaveyettobediscovered.

C.Trialanderroristhebestavenuetoscientificdiscovery.

D.Chanceeventshaveledtothediscoveryofmanymoderndrugs.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:根据第一段“Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."可知，作者引用希腊词phannakon的字面意思是为了强调希腊医学的原始性质。选项D符合原文。

第2题:根据关键词“seventhcentury”定位到第六段的第一、二句“Bytheseventhponentsinvolved.”选项B符合原文。

第3题:试题分析：第五段中说到公元前七世纪的希腊人认为，医生对于疾病必须要从科学框架内的身体病因与超自然因素等方面去考虑，也就是比较全面的方法。所以A选项正确。

第4题:根据第七段“Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens”可知，选项A符合原文。

第5题:根据最后一段的最后一句“...despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.”，尽管医学取得了巨大的进步，许多最新添加到药柜货架上的现代药物都是偶然发现的。选项D符合原文。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

“孩子是上天送给成人的天使；宠物是成人送给孩子的天使。”宠物可以成为孩子很好的伙伴：他们与孩子玩耍，同时也与孩子进行着感情的交流。孩子可以对他们倾诉自己的心事，因为他们是最好的倾诉者；孩子受到父母的训斥或别人的嘲笑时，这些默默无闻的听者可以带给他们关怀和安慰；孩子生病时，宠物可以陪伴他们，给他们抚慰和鼓励帮助他们勇于面对困难，自强不息。

【答案】Childrenaretheangelsofadultsgivenbygod;petsaretheangelsofchildrengivenbyadults.Petscanbechildren'sgoodfriends.Theyplaywithchildren,aswellasexchangeemotionalfeelingswiththematthesametime.Childrencantelltheirownworriestopetsfortheyarethebestaudient.Whenchildrenarerebukedbyparentsorlaughedatbyothers,thesesilentlistenerscanbringthemcareandcomfort.Petscankeepchildrencompanywhentheyareill,givingthemcomfortandencouragingthemtofacedifficultiesandconstantlystrivingtobecomestronger.

6.单选题

It’sour（

）thattheneweconomicpolicywillbringgreatprosperitytothiscompany.

问题1选项

A.confidence

B.conviction

C.recommendation

D.insurance

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项confidence“信心”；B选项conviction“确信”；C选项recommendation“推荐”；D选项insurance“保险”。句意：我们相信新的经济政策会给公司带来巨大的繁荣。选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher（

）attitudetowardcustomers.

问题1选项

A.impartial

B.mild

C.hostile

D.opposing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“公正的”；B选项“温和的”；C选项“敌对的，敌意的”；D选项“反对的”。句意：经理训斥了其中一位女销售一顿，因为她对客户的（）态度。

如果女孩的态度好的话，经理就不会训斥她，所以答案排除A，B；D选项一般是处于对立的双方才会用的形容词，而顾客和客户的关系并不是对立的，而且这里形容的是态度，所以答案选C，恶意的态度。

8.翻译题

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglishWriteyourEnglishversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

目前，对待科技发展存在着相互对立的两种思潮；反科学思潮认为，现代科学的发展非但没有给人类社会带来福音，反而带来了灾难和毁灭；另一种是科技进步思潮，他们认为人类面临的环境污染、生态失衡、资源枯竭等危机是科学发展过程中自然而然遇到的问题，这些问题进一步解决的出路恰恰在于继续大力发展科技。上述两种观点都有一定的合理性，也都有各执一端的片面性，如果从时代的高度和辩证的观点看待当代科技的发展时，我们就可以发现，当代科学技术所面临的问题并不是去如何认识现代科技进步，而是从时代的需要出发，设法找到未来科技进一步发展的理论根据所在。

【答案】Atpresent,therearetwooppositetrendsofthoughttothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Anti-scienceholdstheviewthatthedevelopmentofmodernsciencehasnotbroughtthegospeltothehumansociety,butbroughtdisasteranddestruction.Theotheristhetrendofscientificandtechnologicalprogress,whoseviewisthatenvironmentalproblemssuchaspollution,ecologicalimbalanceandresourceexhaustionoccurnaturallyintheprocessofscientificdevelopment.ItisbyvigorouslydevelopingscienceandtechnologythattheseproblemscanbefurthersolveD.Bothofthesetwoviewsarereasonableandofone-sidedness.Ifwelookatthedevelopmentofcontemporaryscienceandtechnologyfromtheperspectiveofageanddialectics,wecanfindthattheseproblemsfacedbycontemporaryscienceandtechnologyarenothowtounderstandmodernscientificandtechnologicalprogress,buttrytofindthetheoreticalbasisforthefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinthefuturefromtheneedsofthetimes.

9.单选题

PatentmedicineusedinAmericadatesbacktotheearlydaysoftheRepublic,whendrugsimportedfromEuropeweresoldbypostmasters,goldsmiths,grocers,andtailors.TheiruseexpandedduringtheJacksonaneraasAmericansrebelledagainsttraditionaldoctorsandenthusiasticallyendorsed:quackery.Increasingurbanizationandindustrializationalsofedthemarketforpatentmedicines,asnewdrugswereneededtocombatepidemics.Butthese:sales,bymid-century,wereduetotwonon-medicalevents.

Patentlegislationin1793madeitpossibleformanufactures,toprotecttheirproductagainstcounterfeiters.Butmostmanufacturersdidnotseekpatentsontheformulasfortheirmedicines,sincethesewereoftencombinationsofcommonproductslikealcoholandvegetableextractswhichtheypreferrednottoreveal.Instead,theysoughtpatentsontheshapeofthebottle,promotionalmaterials,andlabelinformation.

Thenumberofnewspapers-publishedinthecountrygrewfrom200duringJefferson’sadministrationtoover4000atthetimeofLincoln'spresidency.Thepennypress,begunbyBenjaminDayin1833wasmarketedatamassaudienceandcostjustonecentperissue.Torecoverrevenuelostfromsubscriptionprices,Dayandotherssoughtprofitsthroughadvertising.Patentmedicinewasperfectproducttoadvertiseinpennypaperssinceitssensationalclaimsbuttressedthesensationalbentofthenewsandstoriesinthem.

“LydiaPinkham’sVegetableCompound”wasthemost,successfulpatentmedicineofthecentury,andMrs.Pinkham’sfacewasknownacrossthecountry.LikemostAmericans,shewasconvincedthatDivineProvidencehadstockedthepromisedlandwithvegetablesandherbsunknownelsewhere,whichcouldcuredisease.Mrs.Pinkhamreceivedthebasicformulaforhernostrumaspaymentforadebtowedbyherhusband.Asaresultofsevereeconomichardshipsforherfamily,shebeganheavypromotionofthemedicineinBostonnewspapersin1876,andhersonattachedhismother'spicturetotheproduct.Thuswasbornmodemadvertising.Mrs.Pinkhamwaspopularwithherfemalefollowersforherfeministbent,andforthefactthatsheencouragedthemtowriteherforadvice.AnanalysisofthecompoundbytheAMAin1914revealedthatitwas20percentalcohol,withtherestmadeofvegetableextracts.

1.Whataspectofpatentmedicinedoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwasthereasonwhymostmanufacturerspreferrednottoseekpatentsontheirmedicines?

3.Accordingtoparagraph3,theresultofmarketingthepennypressatamassaudiencewas（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdidpatentmedicineandthepennypresshaveincommon,accordingtothepassage?

5.WhydoestheauthormentionMrs.Pinkharn'sphoto?

问题1选项

A.Thedangers

B.Whyiswassopopular

C.Asanexampleofquackery

D.Themostsuccessfulproducts

问题2选项

A.Theymademaremoneyfromthebottlethanthecontents

B.Theyconsidereditwasn'tnecessarybecauseofthehighdemandfortheseproducts

C.Thepatentlegislationwasnotaneffectiveprotectionagainstcopies

D.Theyusuallyblendedcommonproductsintomedicines

问题3选项

A.adecreaseinrevenue

B.decreasedsubscriptions

C.increasedadvertising

D.increasedsalesofpatentmedicines

问题4选项

A.Anapproachtogainingattentionofthepublic

B.Abeliefinadvertising

C.Theneedtorecovermoney

D.Amassaudience

问题5选项

A.Becauseofherson

B.Asanexampleofthepromotionalapproach

C.Tohelpexplainwhyshewassopopularwithwomen

D.Becauseofherhusband

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.试题解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段主要介绍了专利药品在美国的起源以及当时销售的渠道；第二段主要介绍了专利权立法的作用以及制造商用它保护药品的产品包装，而不是药物本身的配方；第三段主要讲述了专利药广告在报纸上的刊登，能带来销量；第四段以具体的例子，介绍专利药受欢迎的原因。因此B选项“为什么这么受欢迎”最符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Butmostmanufacturersdidnotseekpatentsontheformulasfortheirmedicines,sincethesewereoftencombinationsofcommonproductslikealcoholandvegetableextractswhichtheypreferrednottoreveal.（但是大多数制造商并没有为他们的药物的配方申请专利，因为这些药品通常是他们不愿意透露的普通产品的组合，如酒精和蔬菜提取物）可知D选项“他们通常将普通产品混合成药品”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Thepennypress,begunbyBenjaminDayin1833wasmarketedatamassaudienceandcostjustonecentperissue.Torecoverrevenuelostfromsubscriptionprices,Dayandotherssoughtprofitsthroughadvertising.（由BenjaminDay于1833年创办的廉价在大众受众中销售，每期仅售一分钱。为了弥补订阅价格损失的收入，Day和其他人通过广告寻求利润）可知向大众推销廉价报纸的结果是收入的减少，因此选A。

4.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Torecoverrevenuelostfromsubscriptionprices,Dayandotherssoughtprofitsthroughadvertising.Patentmedicinewasperfectproducttoadvertiseinpennypaperssinceitssensationalclaimsbuttressedthesensationalbentofthenewsandstoriesinthem.（为了弥补订阅价格损失的收入，Day和其他人通过广告寻求利润。专利药是在廉价报纸上做广告的完美产品，由于其耸人听闻的说法支持了新闻和故事的耸人听闻的倾向）可知专利药在报纸上做广告的目的是为了吸引观众，销售其产品来获利，廉价报纸的发行也是为了获利，因此选C。

5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的的Asaresultofsevereeconomichardshipsforherfamily,shebeganheavypromotionofthemedicineinBostonnewspapersin1876,andhersonattachedhismother'spicturetotheproduct.Thuswasbornmodemadvertising.（由于家庭经济困难，她于1876年开始在波士顿报纸上大力推广这种药物，她的儿子把她的照片贴在产品上。因此，现代广告诞生了）可知作者提及Mrs.Pinkharn'sphoto的照片是把其当作推销手段中的一个例子，因此选B。

10.单选题

TheEnglishweatherdefiesforecastandhenceisasourceofinterest（

）toeveryone.

问题1选项

A.speculation

B.attribution

C.utilization

D.proposition

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项speculation“思索，推测；做投机买卖”；B选项attribution“归属，归因”；C选项utilization“利用”；D选项proposition“主张，建议，陈述，命题”。句意：英国的天气让人无法预测，因此它成为大家感兴趣和推测的对象。根据句意，A选项正确。

11.单选题

He（

）tomyproposal.

问题1选项

A.hasnotstillresponded

B.hasnotrespondedyet

C.hasyetnotresponded

D.stillhasnotresponded

【答案】D

【解析】副词辨析题。yet和still都表示“还”的意思，但二者在句中的位置是不一样的。yet一般位于句尾或句中，而still则通常在句中，排除B选项，另外，在否定句中，still可以位于否定结构之前，而yet却不能这样使用，排除A、C选项，因此，答案选D。

12.单选题

Threeyears（）beforehereturnedhomefromtheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.denoted

B.destined

C.elapsed

D.enveloped

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。Denote预示,代表;destine注定;elapse消逝;envelop遮盖，包围。选项C放在Threeyears后面表示3年流逝了。

13.单选题

Asastarttowardbetterpolicymaking,theadministrationshouldputforwardadetailedanalysis（）eachmajorproposedpolicychange.

问题1选项

A.justifying

B.criticizing

C.designing

D.prohibiting

【答案】A

【解析】句意:作为更好政策制定的开始，行政机构应提出一个详细的分析来证明每个被提议的主要政策变化都是有道理的。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。Justify证明正当（或有道理、合理），替…辩护；criticize批评，评论;design设计，计划，构思;prohibit阻止，禁止。因此A符合句意。

14.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Eight-year-olds.

B.Twelve-year-olds.

C.Seventeen-year-olds.

D.Adults.

问题2选项

A.TheuseoffMRI.

B.Theuseofcomputertasks.

C.Thethree-waydivisionofthesubjects.

D.Theinstructionsgiventothesubjects.

问题3选项

A.12-year-oldsrespondstronglytonegativefeedback.

B.12-year-oldsfunctionthesameas8-year-olds.

C.8-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

D.12-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

问题4选项

A.Notbad.

B.Excellent.

C.Notsogood.

D.Gotitwrongthistime.30.

问题5选项

A.Scientists.

B.Thegeneralpublic.

C.Teachersatthekindergarten.

D.ChildrenwithAttentionDeficitDisorder

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】Eight-year-oldchildrenhavearadicallydifferentlearningstrategyfromtwelve-year-oldsandadults.(29)Eight-year-oldslearnprimarilyfrompositivefeedback,whereasnegativefeedbackscarcelycausesanyalarmbellstoring.(26)Twelve-year-oldsarebetterabletoprocessnegativefeedback,anduseittolearnfromtheirmistakes.Adultsdothesame,butmoreefficiently.DrEvelineCroneandhercolleaguesfromtheLeidenBrainandCognitionLabusedfMRIresearchtocomparethebrainsofthreedifferentagegroups:childrenofeighttonineyears,childrenofeleventotwelveyears,andadultsagedbetween18and25years.(27)Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore;thecomparisonisgenerallymadebetweenchildrenandadults.Croneherselfwassurprisedattheoutcome:(28)“Wehadexpectedthatthebrainsofeight-year-oldswouldfunctioninexactlythesamewayasthebrainsoftwelve-year-olds,butmaybenotquitesowell.Childrenlearnthewholetime,sothisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren:howcanyoubestrelayinstructionstoeight-andtwelve-year-olds?”Theresearchersgavechildrenofbothagegroupsandadultsaged18to25acomputertaskwhiletheylayintheMRIscanner.Thetaskrequiredthemtodiscoverrules.Iftheydidthiscorrectly,atickappearedonthescreen,otherwiseacrossappeared.MRIscansshowedwhichpartsofthebrainwereactivated.ThesesurprisingresultssetCronethinking.“Youstarttothinklessintermsof‘good’and‘notsogood’.Childrenofeightmaywellbeabletolearnextremelydifferently,onlytheydoitinadifferentway.”

26.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowinggroupscanbestlearnfromtheirmistakes?

【解析】根据录音可知，与8岁左右的孩子比较起来，12岁的孩子能接受负面反馈并从错误中学习，成年人也会如此，但更有效率(moreefficiently)。因此，本题选D。

27.WhatisnewaboutDr.Crone’sresearch?

【解析】短文中说：Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore，即这种三个层次的分界以前从未有过。因此本题正确答案为C。

28.WhathadDr.Croneandhercolleaguesexpected?

【解析】Crone博士和同事对结果也是大吃一惊，他们原本认为(hadexpected)8岁孩子与12岁孩子的大脑工作方式会完全一致，结果却不是。因此本题正确答案为B。.

29.Whichofthefollowingfeedbackcanbeststimulatetheeightyear-oldstolearn?

【解析】从录音中可知，8岁的孩子在正面反馈的刺激下会做得更好。这也是他们与12岁孩子不一样的地方。故本题答案为A。

30.Accordingtothetalk,whichgroupofpeoplewouldlearnandbenefitmost?

【解析】录音中提到，thisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren(这种新知识对想教孩子学习的人来讲有重要的意义)。因此本题正确答案为C。

15.单选题

Europe’searlierindustrialgrowthwas（

）bytheavailabilityofkeyresources,abundantandcheaplabor,coal,ironore,etc.

问题1选项

A.constrained

B.remained

C.sustained

D.drained

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。constrain“束缚，驱使”；remain“保持”；sustain“维持”；drain“耗尽”。句意：欧洲早期的工业增长使靠唾手可得的主要资源、充足而又廉价的劳动力，煤矿、铁矿等的支撑。选项C符合题意。

16.单选题

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

问题2选项

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

问题3选项

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

问题4选项

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

问题5选项

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

17.翻译题

Incontrasttothescienceofclassicalantiquity,modernscienceisbasicallyunfinishedwhereasancientsciencehadtheappearanceofsomethingcompletedtowhichthenotionofprogresswasnotessential.Modernscienceprogressesintotheinfinite.Modernsciencehasrealizedthatafinishedandtotalworld-viewisscientificallyimpossible.Onlywhenscientificcriticismiscrippledbymakingparticularsabsolutecanaclosedviewoftheworldpretendtoscientificvalidity—andthenitisafalsevalidity.Thosegreatnewunifiedsystemsofknowledge—suchasmodernphysics—havegrownupinthescientifictimesonlywithsingleaspectsofreality.Andreality,asawhole,hasbeenfragmentedasneverbefore;whencetheopennessofthemodernworldiscontrasttotheclosedGreekcosmos.

【答案】和古典时代的科学相比，现代科学基本上是未完成状态，然而古老科学有完成某样东西的表象，而且进步的概念对此非常重要。现代科学进入无限境地。现代科学已经知道，完美无缺的世界观在科学上是不可能的。只有当科学批评因为细节变成绝对而被削弱的时候，僵化自守的世界观才会妄称科学有效性一一然后，这个有效性也是虚假的。那些科学时代中伟大且新统一的知识体系一一比如现代物理——只在现实生活的某方面已经逐渐发展。整体来看，现实已经前所未有的支离破碎。于此，现代世界的开放性与封闭自守的希腊世界形成鲜明对比。

18.问答题

Theattacksonambition(A)comefromvariousangles:itspublicdefendersarefewandimpressive,(B)wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,(C)aqualitytobeadmiredandinculcatedintheyoung,(D)isprobablylowerthanhaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.

【答案】D；改成isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeen。Lowerthan后面的句缺少主语。

19.单选题

Wouldn'titbeeasiertomoveaboutonthe（

）ofthecrowdthantosqueezeinthemiddle?

问题1选项

A.consent

B.heads

C.fringe

D.recreation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。consent“同意；准许”；head“头；最前的部分”；fringe“边缘；刘海；外围”；recreation“娱乐；消遣；休养”。句意：难道在人群的外围移动不比在人群中挤来挤去容易吗？选项C符合题意。

20.单选题

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,"No,quitecontrary."Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda"technologicalrenaissance"saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnogurus（