考研考博-英语-四川幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ithadhappened[A]toooftenthatthefarmerssoldtheirwheatsoonafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue,[B]onlytoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.Onvariousoccasions,producergroups[C]askedfirmercontrol,butthegovernmenthadnowishtobecomeinvolved,[D]atleastnotuntilwartimewhenwheatpricesthreatenedtorunwild.

问题1选项

A.toooften

B.onlytosee

C.askedfirmercontrol

D.atleastnotuntil

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。C选项处应表示“要求更严格的控制”，而只有askfor才表示“要求，请求”。应将asked改为askedfor。

2.单选题

Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth’sresourceshasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.Theoverdevelopmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,hascontributedtotheneardestructionofourcities.Thedisasterhasarrivedintheformoftheenergycrisis.

Ourpresentsituationisunlikewar,revolutionordepression.Worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyusehavebroughtustoastatewherelongrangeplanningisessential.Whatweneedisnotacontinuationofourpresentseriousstate,whichendangersthefutureofourcountry,ourchildren,andourearth,butamovementforwardtoanewnorminordertoworkrapidlyandeffectivelyonplanetaryproblems.

Thiscountryhasbeenfallingbackunderthecontinuingexposuresoflossofmoralityandtherevelationthatlawbreakinghasreachedintothehighestplacesintheland.Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionofall.Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawayofdefenseoftheirowncountryandtheirownidealsthatanypeoplehavebeenabletodevotethemselveswholeheartedly.

Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavebeenaskedtodefendourselvesandwhatweholddearincooperationwithalltheotherinhabitantsofthisplanet,whosharewithusthesameendangeredairandthesameendangeredoceans.Thereisacommonneedtoreassessourpresentcourse,tochangethatcourseandtodevisenewmethodsthroughwhichtheworldcansurvive.Thisisapricelessopportunity.

Tograspitweneedawidespreadunderstandingofnatureifthecrisisconfrontingus—andtheworld—isacrisisthatisnopassinginconvenience,nobyproductoftheambitionsoftheoilproducingcountries,noenvironmentalists’merefears,nobyproductofanypresentsystemofgovernment.Whatwefaceistheoutcomeoftheinventionofthelastfourhundredyears.Whatweneedisatransformedlifestyle.Thisnewlifestylecanflowdirectlyfromscienceandtechnology,butitsacceptancedependsonasinceredevotiontofindingahigherqualityoflifefortheworld’schildrenandfuturegeneration.

1.Whichconditiondoestheauthorfeelhasnearlydestroyedourcities?

2.Theauthorinthesecondparagraphstateswhatweneedinourpresentsituationis（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisoneexampleofourlossofmorality?

4.Bycomparingpastproblemswithpresentones,theauthordrawsattentiontothe（

）

.

问题1选项

A.Lackoffinancialplanning.

B.Thebreakupofthefamily.

C.Naturaldisastersinmanyregions.

D.Theexcessivegrowthofmotors.

问题2选项

A.acontinuationofourpresentseriousstate

B.worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyuse

C.amovementforwardtoanewnormtoplanetresearchwork

D.astatewherelong-rangeplanningisessentialtous

问题3选项

A.Disregardforlaw.

B.Lackofdevotion.

C.Lackofcooperation.

D.Exploitationofresources.

问题4选项

A.significanceofthiscrisis

B.inadequacyofgovernments

C.similarityofthepasttothepresent

D.hopelessnessofthesituation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“Theoverdevelopmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,hascontributedtotheneardestructionofourcities.汽车运输的过度发展，伴随着更多的汽车，更多的高速公路，更多的污染，更多的郊区，更多的通勤，已经导致了我们城市的几乎毁灭。”由此可知，导致城市几乎毁灭的是汽车运输的过度发展。选项D选项‘汽车的过度增长’为正确答案。

2.细节事实题。从文中第二段的内容和第二句结尾“longrangeplanningisessential长期规划是必不可少的”，推知D项‘一个长期规划对我们至关重要的状态’为正确答案。

3.细节事实题。从文中第三段第二句“Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionofall．Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawayindefenseoftheirowncountryandtheirownidealsthatanypeoplehavebeenabletodevotethemselveswholeheartedly．有一种强烈的要求，要求道德复兴和一些足够广泛但又足够个人的奉献，以争取所有人的奉献。在过去，只有在某种程度上，为了保卫自己的国家和自己的理想，人们才能够全心全意地奉献自己。”由此可知“Lackofdevotion”正确，即B项为正确答案。

4.判断推理题。从文中的内容推知，作者通过对过去和现在的问题的比较，是想使人们认识到能源危机的重要性，即A项为正确答案。

3.单选题

TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday.Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry.Thisabsenceofrestraintsisreflectedaswellintheverytermsinwhichtheserightsandprivilegesaredescribed.Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”(drawinguponthelanguageoftheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates)isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”.

Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffromtheconstraintsofthecommunity.Itevencanassumethattheselfhas,intrinsictoitorsomehowavailabletoit,independentofanysocialguidance,intimationsofwhatitisandwhatitwants.Thus,liberationmaybeseeninthecurrentlyfashionableinsistenceupon“doingone’sownthing”whichcanincludearelianceuponstandardsandobjectivesthataresolelyone’sown.Itisdifficult,insuchcircumstances,toavoidaradicalsubjectivismthattendstoresultinthoroughgoingrelativismwithrespecttomoralandpoliticaljudgments.Oneconsequenceofthisapproachistoidentifyanever-expandingarrayofformsofexpressionthatarebelievedtobeentitledtoimmunityfromgovernmentregulation.

Ontheotherhand,iftheemphasisisplaceduponthemoretraditionallanguage,“freedomofspeechandofthepress”，therequirementsandprerogativesofaself-governingpeopleareapttobemademoreof.Thismeans,amongotherthings,thatapeoplemustbepreparedandequippedtomakeeffectiveuseofitsconsiderablepoliticalpower.Eventhoserulerswhoactwithouttheauthorityofthepeoplemusttakecaretoshapetheirpeopleinaccordancewiththeneedsandcircumstancesoftheirregime.Thiskindofeffortneednotbealtogetherselfishonthepartofsuchrulers,sinceallregimesdohaveaninterestinlawandorder,incommondecency,andinaroutinereliabilityorloyalty.

Whatisparticularlydifficulttoarguefor,andtomaintain,isanarrangementthat,whileitleavesapeopleclearlyfreepoliticallytodiscussfullyallmattersofpublicinterestwithaviewtowardgoverningitself,routinelydisciplinesandotherwisepreparesthatsamepeopleforaneffectiveexerciseofitsconsiderablefreedom.Insuchcircumstances,itistemptingforapeopletotakethecasefor,andtherhetoricofthelibertyonestepfurther-—andthustoinsistthatnoone,shouldtrytotellanyoneelsewhatkindofhumanbeingheshouldbe.Yetcannotitbesaidthatonlytheyaretrulyfreewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisright?Allothersare,invaryingdegrees,prisonersofillusionsandappetites,howevermuchtheymaybelievethemselvestobefreelyexpressingthemselves.

Thereare,thentworelatedsetsofconcernsevidentinanyconsiderationtodayoftheformsandusesofcensorship.Onesetofconcernshastodowiththeeverydaygovernanceofthecommunity;theother,withthepermanentshapingofthecharacterofthepeople.Theformerismorepoliticalinitsmethods,thelatterismoreeducational.

1.IntheUnitedState,（）.

2.Freedomexpressionrepresents（）.

3.ItisTRUEthat（）.

4.Intheauthor’sopinion,（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.thereisanabsoluteabsenceofrestraintsuponspeakingandpublishing

B.therearenomorerestraintsuponspeakingandpublishingthanatanytimeinhistory

C.therearenofewerrestraintsuponspeakingandpublishingthanatanytimeinhistory

D.thereareconstitutionalguaranteeswithregardtospeechandthepress

问题2选项

A.littlemorethanapoliticalviewofliberty

B.notsomuchapoliticalasanindividualisticviewofliberty

C.arelianceuponsocialstandardsandobjectives

D.aradicalsubjectivism

问题3选项

A.freedomofexpressionmeansnothingbutaninsistenceupon“doingone’sownthing”

B.freedomofexpressiontendstospoiltheeverydaygovernanceofthecommunity

C.fewrulersruleswithouttheauthorityofthepeople

D.thepermanentshapingofthecharacterofthepeopleliesmainlyineducation

问题4选项

A.thereisnousemaintaininganarrangementinwhichpeoplecaneffectivelyexercisetheirconsiderablefreedom

B.allpeopleareinfactprisonersofillusionandappetites

C.onlypeoplewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisrightaretrulyfree

D.onlypeoplewhobelievethemselvestobefreelyexpressingthemselvesaretrulyfree

问题5选项

A.Amoreindividualisticviewoflibertywillprobablyleadtomoralrelativismandobjectivepoliticaljudgment.

B.Anindividualisticviewoflibertyisbasedontheassumptionthatindividualsknowwhotheyareandwhattheywant.

C.Thetraditionalviewoflibertyinvolvesmoresocialguidanceandlessuseofpoliticalpowerbytheindividual

D.Thecensorshiprelatedwiththeindividualisticviewoflibertyisrelatedwitheverydaygovernanceofcommunityandthusitispoliticalinitsmethod.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出:Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry(有关言论和出版方面的限制以及行为上的限制比历史上任何一个时期都要少)。由此可知前面三项不符合文章所述，D项“在言论和出版方面有宪法保障”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。第一段第一句指出:TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday(在自由的问题上，从政治性的观点向个人主义观点的转变可以通过如今美国宪法中有关言论和出版条例的陈述方式显现出来)，第一段最后一句指出:Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”(曾经的'言论和出版自由’如今被称为‘表达自由’)。由此可知“表达自由”代表的是个人主义观点，故选B项“与其说是政治观点，不如说是个人主义的自由观”。

第3题:细节事实题。A:言论自由意味着坚持“做自己的事”。B:言论自由往往会破坏社区的日常管理。C:没有人民授权，统治者很难统治。D:人性格的永久塑造，主要在于教育。A项的nothingbut和B项中的spoiltheeverydaygovernance与文章意思不符。第二段指出:Eventhoserulerswhoactwithouttheauthorityofthepeoplemusttakecaretoshapetheirpeopleinaccordancewiththeneedsandcircumstancesoftheirregime(即使是那些未具备权力的管理者也必须要注意根据自己政权的需要和情况来塑造民众的性格)。因此C项不正确。答案为D。

第4题:细节事实题。第四段指出:Yetcannotitbesaidthatonlytheyaretrulyfreewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisright?(难道不能说只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及选择做正确的事情的人才是真正地获得自由？)。此句的意思是:只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及选择做正确的事情的人才是真正地获得自由。故选C项“只有那些知道自己在做什么，选择做正确的事的人才是真正自由的”。

第5题:判断推理题。第二段指出:Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffi-omtheconstraintsofthecommunity(表达自由的意思就是鼓励自我从社会的各项束缚中解脱出来)。第三段指出:Thismeans,amongotherthings,thatapeoplemustbepreparedandequippedtomakeeffectiveuseofitsconsiderablepoliticalpower(这意味着每个人都需要准备好有效利用其巨大的政治权力)。由此推断C项“传统的对自由的理解涉及更多的社会指导，个人较少使用政治权力”正确。

4.单选题

Theblackhorseis（）ofthepair.

问题1选项

A.thestrongest

B.thestronger

C.thestrong

D.quitestrong

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这匹黑马更强壮。

语法题。考查比较级。当要特指两者中“较（更）”时，比较级前通常要带定冠词，此时可视为比较级后省略了有关的名词或代词one，即定冠词实为修饰被省略的名词或代词one。pair的词义是“一对”或“一双”，即在“两者”中进行比较。因此，此处应该使用thestronger。

5.单选题

YouhaveprobablyheardabouteliteuniversitiesofferingfreeonlinecoursesthroughCoursera.Injustthepastfewweeks,Courserahasadded12universities,includingPrinceton,DukeandJohnsHopkins.

Thecompany'swebsitesaysitsgoalisto“giveeveryoneaccesstotheworld-classeducationthathassofarbeenavailableonlytoaselectedfew’,andmuchofthenewscoveragehasfocusedonhowthiswilldemocratizelearning.TwoweeksafterCourseraannounceditsinitialroundofpartnerships,HarvardUniversityandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyannouncedaplantoinvest$60millioninasimilarcourseplatformcallededX,andathirdcompany,Udacity,announcedthatittoowouldjointhefray.

Despitenearuniversalenthusiasmforsuchprojects,it’simportanttotakeafewstepsback.First,althoughthecontentisfreenow,it’sunlikelythatitwillremainthatwayforlong.AccordingtoCoursera’scontracts,boththecompanyandtheschoolsplantomakeaprofit―theyjusthaven’tfiguredoutthebestwaytodothatyet.Butmoreimportant,I’mconcernedthatcomputer-aidedinstructionwillactuallywidenthegapbetweenthefinanciallyandeducationallyprivilegedandeveryoneelse,insteadofcloseit.

Intermsoflearningonthecollegelevel,theDepartmentofEducation,lookedatthousandsofresearchstudiesfrom1996to2008andfoundthatinhighereducation,studentsrarelylearnedasmuchfromonlinecoursesastheydidintraditionalclasses.Infact,thereportfoundthatthebiggestbenefitofonlineinstruction,camefromalearningenvironmentthatcombinedtechnologywithtraditionalmethods,butwarnedthattheuptickhadmoretodowiththeincreasedamountofindividualizedinstructionstudentsgotinthatenvironment,notthepresenceoftechnology.Forallbutthebrightest,themoretimestudentsspendwithtraditionalinstruction,thebettertheyseemtodo.

SupportersofonlinelearningsaythatallanyoneneedstoaccessagreateducationisastableInternetconnection.Butonly35%ofhouseholdsearninglessthan$25,000havebroadbandaccesstotheInternet,comparedwith94%ofhouseholdswithincomemorethan$100,000.Inaddition,accordingtothe2010ReportonMobileAccess,onlyhalfofblackandLatinosprimarilyusethen-cellphonestoaccesstheInternet,amuchmoreexpensiveandless-than-idealmethodfortakingpartinonlineeducation.Inshortytheexplosionofthistypeofeducation,thoughfreenow,mayleavebehindthestudentswhoneededucationthemost.

It’snothardtounderstandwhythechancetowatchlectures,passtestsandevengetaformalcertificatefromaneliteschoolwouldstirexcitement.ButtherecentlyreleasedreportontheAmericanDreammakesclear,afour-yearcollegedegreeistheonlytypeofeducationalinterventionthatpromotesupwardmobilityfromthelower-middleclass.Ifwereallywanttodemocratizeeducation,findingcreativewaystorealisticallyopenupcollegestodifferentcommunitieswilldomoretohelpthanamodelthatismorebeneficialforstudentswhoarealreadywealthy,academicallypreparedandhighlymotivated.Weoughttomakesurethateveryonehasaccesstothesameopportunities,orwewillfurtherwidentheopportunitygapswemeantoclose.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheresearchstudiesfrom1996to2008inparagraphfourthatinonlineinstruction,（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNotthereasonwhycomputer-aidedinstructionwillactuallywidentheeducationalgap?

3.Theauthorconcludesthatifwewanttodemocratizeeducation,weshould

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sdevelopmentofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.studentscanbenefitthemostfromthepresenceoftechnology

B.whatmattersistheincreasedamountofindividualizedinstruction

C.studentscanlearnmorecomparedwithintraditionalone

D.themoretimetheclevereststudentsspend,thehigherscorestheyget

问题2选项

A.Companiesandschoolswanttomakeaprofitfromonlinecourses.

B.Onlineinstruction,won'thelpstudentsasmuchastraditionalclasses.

C.NoteveryonehastheequalaccesstoInternetconnection.

D.It’sunrealistictoprovideonlinecoursestopeoplefromdifferentcommunities.

问题3选项

A.attendlectures,andgetacollegedegreehian.eliteschool

B.signupforvariousonlinecoursesandgetaformalcertificate

C.establishcollegesforstudentsofdifferentbackgroundscreativelyandrealistically

D.guaranteethathighlymotivatedstudentshavethesameopportunityasothers.

问题4选项

A.Introducingtheissueraisinghisownpointofviewofferingreasonsanddescribingtheactualstatuscitingwaystodealwiththeissue.

B.Citingwaystodealwiththeissueofferingreasonsanddescribingtheactualstatusraisinghisownpointofviewintroducingtheissue.

C.Raisinghisownpointofviewcitingwaystodealwiththeissueofferingreasonsanddescribingtheactualstatusintroducingtheissue.

D.Raisinghisownpointofviewintroducingtheissuecitingwaystodealwiththeissueofferingreasonsanddescribingtheactualstatus.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第四段‘inhighereducation,studentsrarelylearnedasmuchfromonlinecoursesastheydidintraditionalclasses.Infact,thereportfoundthatthebiggestbenefitofonlineinstruction,camefromalearningenvironmentthatcombinedtechnologywithtraditionalmethods,butwarnedthattheuptickhadmoretodowiththeincreasedamountofindividualizedinstructionstudentsgotinthatenvironment,notthepresenceoftechnology.Forallbutthebrightest,themoretimestudentsspendwithtraditionalinstruction,thebettertheyseemtodo.在高等教育中，学生从在线课程中学到的东西很少像在传统课程中那么多。事实上，该报告发现在线教学最大的好处来自于一个将技术与传统方法结合起来的学习环境，但报告警告称这种增长更多地与学生在这种环境中获得的个性化教学数量的增加有关，而不是技术的存在。除了最聪明的学生外，所有学生花在传统教学上的时间越多，他们似乎做得越好。‘确定A选项‘学生可以从科技的存在中获益最多’、C选项‘与传统教育相比，学生可以学到更多’错误，D选项‘最聪明的学生花的时间越多，他们的分数就越高’没有提及，所以B选项正确。

2.根据第三段第二句‘First,althoughthecontentisfreenow,it’sunlikelythatitwillremainthatwayforlong.首先，尽管内容现在是免费的，但这种情况不太可能持续太久。’可知A选项‘公司和学校都想从在线课程中获利’不是扩大教育差距的原因，A选项符合题意，

3.根据文章最后一段倒数第二句’Ifwereallywanttodemocratizeeducation,findingcreativewaystorealisticallyopenupcollegestodifferentcommunitieswilldomoretohelpthanamodelthatismorebeneficialforstudentswhoarealreadywealthy,academicallypreparedandhighlymotivated.如果我们真的想让教育民主化，找到创造性的方法，切实地向不同的社区开放大学，这将比一种模式更有帮助，这种模式更有利于那些已经富有、学业准备充分、积极性很高的学生。可知C选项‘创造性地、现实地为不同背景的学生建立大学’符合题意。

4.文章最后提出解决措施，所以排序最后应该是citingwaystodealwiththeissue，确定A选项正确。

6.单选题

Scientificevidencefromdifferent（）demonstratesthatinmosthumansthelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolslanguages.

问题1选项

A.principles

B.grounds

C.disciplines

D.rules

【答案】C

【解析】principles原则；grounds根据,理由；disciplines纪律,学科；rules规则,条例。句意：来自不同学科领域的科学证据表明,大多数人的左脑控制着语言。选项C符合语境。

7.单选题

Henry’snewsreportcoveringtheconferencewasso（

）thatnothinghadbeenomitted.

问题1选项

A.understanding

B.comprehensible

C.comprehensive

D.understandable

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。understanding“理解”；comprehensible“可理解的”；comprehensive“综合的；广泛的”；understandable“可以理解的”。句意：亨利的新闻报道非常详尽，几乎没有遗漏。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Dianacouldhardlybelievehereyeswhenshesawinthemirrorhowprettyshewasinthat（）dress.

问题1选项

A.deliberate

B.tentative

C.ingenious

D.exquisite

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项deliberate“故意的”；B选项tentative“试验性的，暂定的”；C选项ingenious“新颖的，灵巧的”。D选项exquisite“精致的”。句意：当在镜子里看到她穿着那件……的裙子是多么的漂亮时，戴安娜不敢相信自己的眼睛。空格后dress“裙子”为名词，因此需要填入一个形容词进行修饰。根据后面的提示howprettyshewas“她是多么的漂亮”，由此可知她穿了一条精美的裙子。因此D选项符合题意。

9.单选题

IthoughtIsawwaterinthedistancebutitmusthavebeenanoptical（）.

问题1选项

A.perception

B.delusion

C.illusion

D.deception

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查了名词辨析。perception“感知”；delusion“欺骗；错觉”；illusion“错觉；幻象”；deception“欺诈”，此句中有一个转折词but，所以可知前面所说的看到水是一种幻觉，所以可以排除选项A、D；delusion所指的错觉通常是指心理上的误解，所以此处应该用illusion，故正确答案为选项C。句意为：我以为我看到了远处有水，但是这肯定是一种光影幻觉。

10.单选题

Thereissupposedtobeasafety______whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

问题1选项

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项appliance“器具，器械”，B项accessory“配件，附件”，C项machine“机械，机器”，D项mechanism“机制，原理”。根据句子结构可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作which定语从句的先行词，在从句中充当主语，根据从句的内容“使火车不可能相撞”可推断，空格处填入mechanism“机制”符合语境。句意：应该有一种安全机制使火车不可能相撞。因此，该题选择D项正确。

11.单选题

Chinatodayishometo1.3billionpeople——nearlyonequarteroftheworld’spopulation.ThegrowthofChina'spopulationislargelytheresultofmodernization,whichhasbroughtwithitmorefood,bettermedicalcare,lessdisease,andfewerepidemicsandfamines.ThedeathrateinChinahasdecreased,andmorechildrensurvive.ThehighersurvivalrateinChinameansthatmorepeopleareenteringchildbearingage.ThispopulationgrowthwasthreateningtodestroyChina’schancestobecomearichercountry:justprovidingfoodandbasicnecessitiesforeveryonewouldconsumeallofitseconomicgains.

Totametheexplosivepopulationgrowth,theChinesegovernmentlaunchedadrasticpolicyofallowingonechildperfamily.Toenforcethispolicy,thegovernmenthasavarietyofincentivesforthosewhocomplyandpunishmentforthosewhodonot.Forexample,coupleswhohaveonlyonechildgetamonthlypayuntilthechildisfourteen,specialconsiderationforscarcehousing,freemedicalcare,andextrapensionbenefits.Thepressuretoconformispowerful.Coupleswhoignorethestate’sdirectivesuffersocialdisgraceandeconomicpenalties.

Thefamily-planningpolicy,institutedinChinain1979,hasbeenremarkablyeffective(thoughconsiderablymoresoincitiesthaninthecountryside).Birthstowomanofchildbearingagehavefallendramaticallytoabout2.5childrenforeverywoman.

Chinamayeventuallysucceedinbalancingitspopulationgrowth,butindoingso,itiscreatinganewproblem.TheironyisthatbecauseoftheverysuccessofChina’spopulationpolicy,theChinesepopulationisagingrapidly.In1982,5%ofthepopulationwasoverage64.In2010,about9%willbeover64andin2050,25%willbe.Atthefamilylevel,childrenwithoutbrothersorsisterswilleachhavetocarefortwoagingparents.Atthenationallevel,thegreatnumbersofagingpeoplewilltaxthesociety’sresources.Chinastaresthisproblemarapidlyagingpopulationwithoutalargeenoughfollowinggenerationtosupportit——withmanyofthedevelopednationsoftheworld.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Chinaisinapopulationdilemmainthesensethat（）.

2.TopunishthosewhoviolatethefamilyplanningpolicytheChinesegovernmentdoeswhichofthe

following?

3.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingarethecausesforthepopulationexplosioninChina

except（）.

4.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.moreoldpeoplesurviveinthesociety

B.Chinesepopulationwillcontinuetoincreaserapidlyinthenearfuture

C.birth-ratedecreasesbutthepercentageofoldpeopleincreases

D.itisdifficulttocarryoutthefamilyplanningpolicy

问题2选项

A.Advisethemtoobservetherule

B.Reducetheirwages

C.Finethosecouples

D.Putthemintoprison

问题3选项

A.bettereducation

B.betterhealth

C.betterlife

D.decreaseddeathrate

问题4选项

A.explainwhythefamilyplanningpolicyisadoptedinChina

B.predictthepopulationprobleminChina

C.demonstratethecauseandeffectofthefamilyplanningpolicy

D.illustratetheresultoffamilyplanningpolicy

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“中国在人口方面面临的一个窘境是……”。文章第四段提到由于计划生育的成功，中国人口正在迅速老龄化（Chinamayeventuallysucceedinbalancingitspopulationgrowth,butindoingso,itiscreatinganewproblem.TheironyisthatbecauseoftheverysuccessofChina’spopulationpolicy,theChinesepopulationisagingrapidly），因此选项C“出生率降低，但是人口老龄化加剧”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“为了惩罚那些违反计划生育的人，政府是怎样做的？”文章第二段最后一句话提到忽视国家政策的夫妻会受到经济处罚（Coupleswhoignorethestate'sdirectivesuffersocialdisgraceandeconomicpenalties），因此选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列选项中都是中国人口爆炸的原因，除了哪一项？”文章第一段第二句话提到中国人口增长是因为现代化带来了更多的食物，更好的医疗条件，疾病减少，流行病和饥荒减少（ThegrowthofChina’spopulationislargelytheresultofmodernization,whichhasbroughtwithitmorefood,bettermedicalcare,lessdisease,andfewerepidemicsandfamines），由此可知只有选项A“好的教育”没有提及，符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主要目的是什么？”文章开篇讲述了中国人口增长的原因，及其弊端，从而引出“计划生育”，详细说明了这一政策的实施方式以及取得的效果。后半部分讲述了该政策带来的问题。因此选项C“说明计划生育的原因及其影响”符合题意。

12.单选题

Lying（）farbackinthemountains,thecoalhadtobehauledfromadeepvalley.

问题1选项

A.asitis

B.asitdid

C.wasis

D.didit

【答案】B

【解析】考查强调句用法。“过去分词+asitis(was)”“现在分词+asitdoes(did)”是一种强调语气的表示原因的结构。由于lying为lie的现在分词，故用“现在分词+asitdoes(did)”这个句型，此句相当于：Asitlayfarbackinthemountains...句意：由于煤矿位于深山深处，所以必须从深谷里运来。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Iamsurethatwithyourremarkableabilityandrichexperience,thecurrentsessionyou______overwillbeasuccess.

问题1选项

A.presume

B.propel

C.preside

D.prick

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项presume“假定；推测；擅自；意味着”；B选项propel“推进；驱使；激励；驱策”；C选项preside“负责；主持”；D选项“戳；扎破；（使）感到刺痛”。根据固定搭配presideover“主持；执掌；负责；管理”可知句意为：我相信，以你卓越的能力和丰富的经验，你主持的本届会议将取得成功。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Thetypicalsexbribeinvolvesabusinessmantreatinganofficialtoanightatabathhousestockedwith（）,saysLiaoRan,whomonitorsAsiaforTransparencyInternational.

问题1选项

A.prototypes

B.propagandas

C.prostitutes

D.prophets

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prototypes表示“原型，雏型”；B选项propagandas表示“宣传，宣传活动”；C选项prostitutes表示“妓女”；D选项prophets表示“先知，提倡者”。由句中关键词“sexbribe”可知，C选项含义最符合原文，句意理解为：典型的性贿赂包括商人邀请官员在满是妓女的澡堂里过夜。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。

15.单选题

Themostinterestingnewcarsmayowe()thesimplewisdomofhiringafewtalentedpeopleandallowingthemtowork.

问题1选项

A.lesslocalfree-spiritednessthan

B.lesslocalfree-spiritednessthanto

C.tolesslocalfree-spiritednessthanto

D.lesstolocalfree-spiritednessthanto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。oweto“归功于”是固定搭配，与比较级less…than连用，应为owelessto…thanto…。句意：最有趣的新车与其说得益于当地的自由精神，还不如说是得益于一种简单的智慧，即雇佣几个能人，并让他们为之工作。因此D选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

问题1选项

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。apprehensive表示“忧虑的，不安的”；A项optimistic“乐观的”，B项anxious“焦虑的”，C项uncertain“不确定的”，D项scared“害怕的”。句意：这个国家进行了核试验，并不担心其后果。根据句意可知，选择B项正确。

17.单选题

VisitBritainisgivingtheUK’smostlovedattractionsaMandarinmakeoverto（）morehigh-spendingChinesevisitors.

问题1选项

A.lure

B.achieve

C.reclaim

D.exclaim

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项lure表示“诱惑，引诱”，B选项achieve表示“取得，获得，实现，成功”，C选项reclaim表示“开拓，回收利用，改造，抗议”，D选项exclaim表示“呼喊，惊叫，大声说出”。由句意可知，VisitBritain（英国旅游局官网）正在给网站做普通话版本的改版，为的是（）更多出手阔绰的中国游客。因此，只有A选项最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为A选项。

18.单选题

Lifeoffers