考研考博-英语-四川电影电视学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川电影电视学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodobecauseshewas______byallthenoiseandthetalkingintheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.exasperated

B.aggregated

C.perturbed

D.assailed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项exasperate“激怒，使恼怒”，B项aggregate“集合，聚集”，C项perturb“扰乱，使……混乱”，D项assail“攻击，质问”。由Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodo（这位年轻的数学老师给她的学生布置了额外的作业）和noiseandthetalkingintheclassroom（教室里的噪音和讲话声），结合常识，可知空格处填入A项符合。句意：这位年轻的数学老师给她的学生布置了额外的作业，因为她被教室里的噪音和讲话声激怒了。因此，该题选择A项。

2.翻译题

WhenvisitingtheU.K.andlookingtoseewhatphonesthelocalsuse,oddsarethateveryotheronehasGoogleorAndroiddeviceinhand.ResearchfromKantarWorldpanelComTechbywayoftheMobileBusinessBriefingindicatesthatAndroidphonescommanda49.9percentmarketshareintheU.K.,upfrom29percentayearago.MuchoftheAndroidsharecomesattheexpenseofacompetitoryoumightexpecttobehurtingtoobadly:Apple’siPhone.

ThereareafewreasonsIcanthinkofthatexplainthenumbers,andIexpectabitofareversalinthenextsixmonthsorso.First,eventhoughtheiPhone4wasapopularmodelformorethanayear,otherAndroidphonesarrivedtothemarketbeforethetraditionalyearlyiPhonerefresh.IsuspectsomeintheU.K.decidednottowaitfortheiPhone4SandinsteadpurchasedanewSamsungorHTCdevice.Indeed,thesetwohandsetmakersaccountedfor83percentofallAndroidsalesintheU.K.inthethree-monthperiodendingOct.2.

【答案】答：

如果你在英国，你会发现街上每两个人中就有一个使用的是安装谷歌或安卓系统的智能手机。市场研究公司KantarWorldpanelComTech通过移动商业简报完成的研究发现，安卓手机在英国市场的市占率达49.9%，环比上升了29%。而安卓手机的市场份额大多数来自于苹果公司的iPhone。

为什么市场份额会有这么大的变动？我想原因有很多，而且我预计在未来六个月内将有一定的反弹。首先，虽然iPhone4已经流行了一年多，但更多的安卓手机趁苹果公司新款发布会之前进入了市场。我猜测一些人决定不再等待iPhone4S，转而购买了三星或者HTC的新款手机。截至十月二日，在过去的三个月期间，这两大手机生产商占据了英国安卓手机83%的份额。

3.单选题

Themedicine（

）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

问题1选项

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.mediated

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。activate“刺激，激活”；mediate“调停”；deteriorate“恶化”，alleviate“减轻”。句意：这种药物减轻了他的痛苦，但是没有治愈他。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Theplanforthenewofficetowerwentahead（）oflocalopposition.

问题1选项

A.onaccount

B.inthelight

C.out

D.regardless

【答案】D

【解析】句意：新建办公楼的计划已经提前启动，当地居民的反对。onaccount因为；inthelight因为，依据；out出于；regardless不管。根据后半句，当地居民反对，还是提前启动了计划，因此选D。

5.填空题

I’msorry,butIdon’thave（1）tothatsortofinformation.Perhapsifyouconsultmycolleaguesupstairs,theycan（2）you.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

1.access;

2.help

【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空为固定用法,haveaccessto有权查看或使用。

2.语义题。第二空应填一个动词原形，句意:如果你咨询我同事,他们会帮助你。此处填入help“帮助”符合句意。

6.单选题

Whydosomedesertplantsgrowtallandthinlikeorganpipes?Whydomosttreesinthetropicskeeptheirleavesyearround?WhyintheArctictundraaretherenotreesatall?Aftermanyyearswithoutconvincinggeneralanswers,wenowknowmuchaboutwhatsetsthefashioninplantdesign.

Usingterminologymorecharacteristicofathermalengineerthanofabotanist,wecanthinkofplantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets.AplantbydayisstakedoutundertheSunwithnowayofshelteringitself.Alldaylongitabsorbsheat.Ifitdidnotloseasmuchheatasitgained,theneventuallyitwoulddie.

Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphereandthecold,blackreachesofspacetemperatureistolerablefortheprocessesoflife.PlantsintheArctictundralieclosetothegroundinthethinlayerofstillairthatclingsthere.AfootortwoabovethegroundarethewindsofArcticcold.TundraplantsabsorbheatfromtheSunandtendtowarmup;theyprobablybalancemostoftheirheatbudgetsbyradiatingheattospace,butalsobywarmingthestillairthatistrappedamongthem.AslongasArcticplantsareclosetotheground,theycanbalancetheirheatbudgets.Butiftheyshouldstretchupasatreedoes,theywouldlifttheirworkingparts,theirleaves,intothestreamingArcticwinds.ThenitislikelythattheplantscouldnotabsorbenoughheatfromtheSuntoavoidbeingcooledbelowacriticaltemperature.YourheatbudgetdoesnotbalanceifyoustandtallintheArctic.

Suchthinkingalsohelpsexplainothercharacteristicsofplantdesign.AdesertplantfacestheoppositeproblemfromthatofanArcticplant—thedangerofoverheating.Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating.Thefamiliarsticklikeshapeofdesertplantsrepresentsoneofthesolutionstothisproblem:theshapeexposesthesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiationandprovidesthelargestpossiblesurfacefromwhichtheplantcanradiateheat.Intropicalrainforests,bywayofcontrast,thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplantsbecausethereissufficientwater.

Thisworkingmodelallowsustoconnectthegeneralcharacteristicsoftheformsofplantsindifferenthabitatswithfactorssuchastemperature,availabilityofwater,andpresenceorabsenceofseasonaldifferences.OurEarthiscoveredwithapatchworkquiltofmeteorologicalconditions,andthepatternsofthispatchworkarefaithfullyreflectedbytheplants.

1.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofplantsdoesthepassageprimarilyfocuson?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostresponsibleforpreventingtreesfromgrowingtallintheArctic?

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe"sticklikeshapeofdesertplants"inLine3(Paragraph4)canbeattributedtothe（）

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascontributionstotheplants,balancingtheirheatEXCEPT.

5.WhichistheTRUEstatementaboutthedifferentplants?

问题1选项

A.Theirabilitytogrowequallywellinallenvironments.

B.TheireffectsontheEarth'satmosphere.

C.Theirabilitytostorewaterfordryperiods.

D.Theirabilitytobalanceheatintakeandoutput.

问题2选项

A.Thehard,frozenground.

B.Thesmallamountofavailablesunshine.

C.Thecold,destructivewinds.

D.Thelargeamountofsnowthatfallseachyear.

问题3选项

A.inabilityoftheplantstoradiateheattotheairaroundthem

B.presenceofirregularseasonaldifferencesinthedesert

C.largesurfaceareathattheplantsmustexposetotheSun

D.extremeheatandaridityofthehabitat

问题4选项

A.radiatingheattotheatmosphere

B.warmingtheairaroundthem

C.absorbingheatfromthesun

D.evaporatingwater

问题5选项

A.Arcticplantsexposethesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiation.

B.Tropicalplantsareusuallynotaffectedbythestrongsunshine.

C.Desertplantsgrowdenselyclosetotheground.

D.Plantsindifferentregionsshownorelationstotheseasons.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:主旨思想题。根据第二段的第一句"plantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets."植物作为生物体要保持热量的平衡，之后的段落主要说明植物是如何保持热量平衡的。所以本文主要围绕植物吸收与散发热量的平衡来展开说明。选项D正确。

第2题:根据第三段的内容可知，只要北极植物靠近地面，就能平衡热量收支，如果北极植物过高，则会受到北极风的影响，从而无法从太阳吸收足够的热量。所以，北极植物长得矮主要是受北极的风影响，选项C正确。

第3题:信息推断题。根据文章第四段第三句"Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating"它缺少水，所以不脱水就不能通过蒸发来冷却自己。选项D符合原文。

第4题:细节判断题。根据第三段的第一句"Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphere"。只有选项C没有提及。

第5题:信息判断题。根据第四段的内容可知选项A指的是沙漠植物而不是北极植物；根据倒数第二段的最后一句"Intropicalrainforests,...thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplants..."可知选项B正确；选项C描述的是北极植物；根据最后一段的第一句可知，不同地区的植物与季节相关，所以选项D也错误。

7.单选题

Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience（

）onbenches,chairsorboxes.

问题1选项

A.havingseated

B.seated

C.seating

D.havingbeenseated

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。现在分词通常强调动作的主动语态，而过去分词强调状态，强调被动语态或已经发生过的，根据句意‘促销通常在户外进行，人们坐在长凳、椅子或盒子上’确定B选项的seated表示坐的状态，正确。

8.单选题

Icutmyfingertwodaysagoandithasbecomebadly______.

问题1选项

A.infected

B.decayed

C.deteriorated

D.diseased

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项infected“受感染的，受细菌污染的”，B项decayed“腐烂的，腐败的”，C项deteriorated“恶化的，已变质的”，D项diseased“不健全的，患病的”。根据前面的句子Icutmyfingertwodaysago“两天以前我切到了手指”可知，空格部分表示“感染”符合语境。句意：我两天前割破了手指，现在感染得很严重。因此，该题选择A项正确。

9.单选题

ItwascourageousenoughforGalileoto______thefallingobjecttheorydevelopedbyAristotle,theauthoritativeGreekscientist.

问题1选项

A.advance

B.defy

C.justify

D.translate

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项advance“（常指为攻击而）前进；（尤指知识）发展”；B选项defy“违抗；向……挑战”；C选项justify“证明……有理”；D选项translate“翻译；转化”。句意：伽利略有足够的勇气______由权威的希腊科学家亚里斯多德提出的落体理论。根据语境，这里指伽利略为了科学的发展而质疑落体理论，B选项defy“违抗；向……挑战”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery（

）ofhismoney.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:虽然他已经很富有了，但是他仍十分节俭。

economic经济的；thrifty节俭的，通常与with连用，例如bethriftywithmoney节约用钱；frugal节俭，通常与of连用，例如befrugalofone’smoney节约用钱;careful小心的。故选C。

11.单选题

Thegovernorwas______forwrongfuluseofstatemoney.

问题1选项

A.implanted

B.impended

C.imbued

D.impeached

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.implanted植入B.impended即将发生，正在逼近

C.imbued灌输，感染D.impeached弹劾，归咎

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据空格后的句子意思“因挪用州政府的资金”，结合选项意思可知，Thegovernorwas______表示“州长被弹劾了”；因此，该题选择D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合语义逻辑。

【句意】这位州长因挪用州政府的资金而被弹劾。

12.单选题

Ipreferhisplantoyours,（）itismorepracticalandeasiertobecarriedout.

问题1选项

A.forwhich

B.inwhich

C.forthat

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】句意：与你的计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为它更实际，更容易执行。inthat表原因，符合句意。

13.单选题

Engines[A]usedinspaceshuttlesare[B]muchlargerand[C]morestrongthanthe[D]onesusedinthecars.

问题1选项

A.used

B.muchlarger

C.morestrong

D.ones

【答案】C

【解析】【考查点】比较级用法。

【解题思路】Strong的比较级是在其后面直接加er，所以要把morestrong改为stronger。该题选择C项。

【句意】航天飞机上使用的发动机比汽车上使用的要大得多，也更坚固。

14.单选题

AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.

“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”

Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.

Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto（）.

2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor（）.

3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflabor

B.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland

C.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor

D.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor

问题2选项

A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaply

B.increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

问题3选项

A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor

B.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem

C.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas

D.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction

问题4选项

A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork

B.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

问题5选项

A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomist

B.TheTheoryofDivisionofLabor

C.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWork

D.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句可知，AdamSmith是第一个认识到劳动分工的重要性并解释其部分优势的人。选项C符合原文。

2.细节推断题。根据最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知，劳动分工增加了每个工人尽可能多的产量，所以选项B正确。

3.细节推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，如果没有进行分工，没有工人能在一天内完成二十枚别针，甚至连一枚都做不成，而通过分工合作，相当于每个工人生产4800枚别针，作者是想通过这一数字来说明分工的优势。选项A正确。

4.细节推断题。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所当然地认为，劳动分工本质上对经济增长和发展负责。选项C符合原文。

5.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是劳动分工，重点不是在于AdamSmith也不是讲述理论，所以选项C最能概括全文。

15.单选题

Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingareavailableingrocerystores.

问题1选项

A.ready

B.approachable

C.probable

D.obtainable

【答案】D

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项ready“准备好的，现成的，迅速的”；B选项approachable“可接近的，可到达的，易理解的”；C选项probable“很可能的，可信的”；D选项obtainable“能得到的，能获得的”。句意：现成的方便食品可以在杂货店买到。Available“可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

16.单选题

Thechieffoodseateninacountrydependslargelyon（）bestinitsclimateandsoil.

问题1选项

A.allwhatitgrows

B.whatgrows

C.whichgrows

D.whatdoesitgrow

【答案】B

【解析】根据句子结构可知,句中缺少宾语。选项A结构错误,先行词all后面只能接关系代词that；选项C缺少先行词；选项D是疑问句,不能做宾语。所以选项B正确。

17.单选题

Thecontributiongenesmaketointelligenceincreasesaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainstthe

notionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegenetic

legacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluence

goesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobert

Plomin.“Whatwefoundwasquiteamazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceareatleastpartlyduetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steampooleddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutintheUS,theUK,AustraliaandtheNetherlands,involvingatotalof11,000pairsoftwins.Inthesestudies,theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,logicandarithmeticstomeasureaquantitycalledgeneralcognitiveability,or“G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,withthesamegenes,andfraternaltwins,sharingabouthalftheirgenes,makingitpossibletodistinguishthecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheirGscores.

Plomin’steamcalculatedthatinchildhood,genesaccountforabout41percentofthevariationin

intelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent；byyoungadolescence,itwas66percent.Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,butPlominsuggeststhataschildrenget

older，theybecomebetteratexploitingandmanipulatingtheirenvironmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,

andsays“KidswithhighGwillusetheirenvironmenttofostertheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriends

whoarelike-minded.”ChildrenwithmediumtolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesand

activities,furtheremphasizingtheirgeneticlegacy.

Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?Perhaps.“Theevidenceofstrongheritabilitydoesn’t

meanatallthatthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit，”saysSusanneJaeggi，“Fromourownwork,the

onesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQscoreshadhighergainsaftertraining.’’

Plominsuggeststhatgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshareanidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeingtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.“Myinclinationwouldbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmoreeffortintothelowerend,”hesays.IntelligenceresearcherPaulThompsonagrees:“Itshowsthateducatorsneedtosteerkidstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.”

1.Whatisthecommonnotionthatpeopleholdaboutgenes?

2.ThestudybyPlomin’steamaimstofindout(

)

3.Fromtheexperimentwithtwins,Plomin’steamdrawsaconclusionthat(

).

4.Theword“pattern”inparagraphfourisclosestinmeaningto(

).

5.WhichofthefollowingmightPlomin’steamleastagreeto?

问题1选项

A.Humanscandolittletochangethegeneticdifferencesbetweenpeople.

B.Geneticinfluencebecomesstrongerwhenpeoplereceiveeducation.

C.Genescontributemoretoone’sintelligencethanenvironmentalfactors.

D.Environmentalfactorslessentheinfluenceofgenesonone’sintelligence.

问题2选项

A.whethervariationsinintelligencearecausedbygeneticdifferences

B.howtooverpowergeneticfactorswithneweducationalapproaches

C.whethergeneticcontributiontoone’sintelligencevarieswithage

D.therelationshipbetweenenvironmentandgenes

问题3选项

A.geneticcontributionincreaseswhenonegrowsolder

B.geneticinfluencedecreaseswhenageincreases

C.environmenthasmoreimpactonfraternaltwinsthanidenticaltwins

D.itremainsamysteryhowgenesandenvironmentco-influencepeople

问题4选项

A.cognitiveability

B.strongheritability

C.geneticlegacy

D.challengingpastimes

问题5选项

A.Anidenticalcurriculumtoschoolchildren.

B.AdifferentiatedcoursedesigntochildrenwithvariedIQ.

C.MoreeffortdirectedatchildrenwithmediumorlowG.

D.Educationtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。题干：人们对基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“asweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation”可知大多数人认为，随着年龄增长，“environmentalinfluence环境影响”将逐渐大于“geneticlegacy基因遗传”。因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：Plomin的研究小组的目的是找出______。根据关键词“Plomin’steam”定位到第二段第二句，往前有“Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage”可知他们的目的是找出基因贡献是否随着年龄增长而增加。因此选项C符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：从双胞胎的实验中，Plomin的团队得出了一个结论_______。第二段最后提到了双胞胎实验，第三段开头讲到实验结论“Plomin’steamcalculatedthat…”，第三句中“Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage”可推出实验结论就是基因影响随着年龄的增长而增加。因此选项A符合题意。

4.词义推测题。题干：第四段中的“pattern”最接近_______。定位点在第四段第一句，因此答案需往前文第三段找。第三段中，Plomin认为G较高的孩子会利用环境培养自己的认知能力并选择志同道合的朋友；而G较低的孩子可能会选择不那么有挑战的娱乐和活动，进而强化了他们的基因遗传。可知这里说的“pattern”就是孩子们认知能力的发展。因此选项A符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：下面哪个选项可能是Plomin的团队最不同意的？由本文最后一段可知，Plomin的团队认为应该进行差异化教育，对于G中低等的孩子应投入更多精力。因此选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Throughmicroscopespeoplecanseeobjectsthatare______tothenakedeyes.

问题1选项

A.invisible

B.invincible

C.incredible

D.impassable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项invisible“无形的，看不见的”，B项invincible“无敌的，不能征服的”，C项incredible“不能相信的，难以置信的”，D项impassable“不能通行的，无路可通的”。根据句子意思“通过显微镜，人们可以看到对肉眼来说……物体”可知，A项符合句意。句意：通过显微镜人们可以看到肉眼看不见的东西。因此，该题选择A项正确。

19.单选题

Today’ssuccessinweatherforecastingstemsfromappliedratherthanpurescience.

问题1选项

A.derivesfrom

B.leadsto

C.concurswith

D.benefitsfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。stemfrom表示“起源于”。A项derivefrom“源出，来自”，B项leadto“导致”，C项concurwith“同意”，D项benefitfrom“得益于，得利于”；句意：今天天气预报的成功源于应用科学而非纯科学。根据句意该题选A。

20.单选题

Thegirlwas（

）ashopassistant;sheisnowamanagerinalargedepartment.

问题1选项

A.preliminarily

B.presumably

C.formally

D.formerly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。Preliminarily“初步地”；presumably“大概，推测起来”；formally“正式地”；formerly“以前，原来”。句意：这个女孩之前是商店的助理，现在是一个大部门的经理。选项D符合题意。

21.单选题

Theyarrivedatsomepoliticalagreementsthatfacilitatedtroopwithdrawals.

问题1选项

A.established

B.maximized

C.guaranteed

D.promoted

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：他们达成了一些政治上的协议，这……撤军。facilitate意为“促进，帮助，使容易”。A选项establish“创立，建立”；B选项maximize“最大化”；C选项guarantee“保证，担保”；D选项promote“促进，提升”。选项D与之意思最为相近，符合语境。

22.单选题

Theapparentpurposeofallowingthegovernmenttoinvestthetrustfundistotakeadvantageofthehigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets.Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive.HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient.

A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments.Itshowedthatgovernmentsgenerallypursuedoneoftwopoliciesfortheirinvestments,bothfundamentallyflawed.

Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks.Therearetworeasonsforthispolicy.First,thereisacautionarysearchforsafeinvestmentsbecausegovernmentsfearthepoliticalreactionifamoreaggressiveinvestmentpolicyweretoleadtoadverseresults.Second,buyingupgovernmentdebtallowthegovernmenttodefertheconsequencesofitsownoverspending.Indeed,thereisevidencethatthepowertoshiftgovernmentdebtintopensionfundsactuallymayinducethemtospendandborrowmore.Borrowingfromthepensionfundislesstransparentthandoingsofromtheopencapitalmarket.Inmanycases,suchborrowingisnotevenreportedaspublicdebt,andtheinterestratemaybelower.

ThisalreadyisoccurringwiththeSocialSecuritytrustfund.ThecurrentsurplusisusedtopurchaseFederalTreasuryobligationsthatarecreditedtotheSocialSecuritytrustfund.Thegovernmentthenutilizesthemoneyithasborrowedfromthetrustfundtomeetcurrentoperatingexpenses.

Theotherinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsistoinvestingovernment-supportedprojects,suchasstate-ownedenterprisesorpublichousing.Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn.Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney.Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,governmentinvestmentoftheSocialSecuritytrustfund（）.

2.A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestments（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat（）.

4.Whattonedidtheauthoradoptinthispassage?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.willresultinhigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets

B.canhaveanegativeeffectontheefficiencyofthemarkets

C.willgiveanimpetustoeconomicdevelopment

D.canpromoteproductivityofcapital

问题2选项

A.mettheexpectationofthehigherannualreturns

B.excludedthepossibilityofamoreaggressiveinvestment

C.failedtomeetwiththegovernment’santicipation

D.failedtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

问题3选项

A.investmentsingovernment-supportedprojectsoftenearnhighannualreturns

B.greatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomycouldimpedeeconomicgrowth

C.businessinvestmentsinpublichousingfrequentlylosemoney

D.theinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsisfundamentallyprofitable

问题4选项

A.Satire

B.Exposure

C.Attack

D.Criticism

问题5选项

A.Governmentpoliciesfuelthegovernmentinvestmentintheeconomyandkeepitontherighttrack

B.Governmentinvolvementintheeconomywillultimatelysloweconomicgrowth.

C.Governmentinvestmentingovernment-supportedprojectsisafallacy

D.Governmentmightearnhigherreturnsifitinvestsinstocks

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出:HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient(美国资本市场的高回报源于资本的高生产率和市场的效率。社会保障信托基金对私人资本市场的投资将损害美国经济表现的这两个来源；资本的生产效率将降低，市场的效率也将降低)。因此，B项“对市场效率可能产生负面影响”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干定位至第二段:A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments(1994年，世界银行在全球范围内进行的一项研究发现，与私人管理的养老基金投资相比，它们的年回报率普遍较低)。因此C项“没有达到政府的预期目标”正确。

第3题:判断推理题。最后一段最后一句指出:Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself(此外，政府投资导致政府更多地干预经济，进而可能导致政策放缓经济增长，降低包括政府本身在内的所有投资者的资本回报率)。由此可知B项“政府对经济的更多参与可能会阻碍经济增长”正确。

第4题:观点态度题。文章开头指出允许政府进行信贷投资的目的是利用私人资本市场的高额投资回报。然而有力的证据表明：政府的投资政策实质上可能减少它原本预期获得的投资回报。并且在结尾部分进一步指出了政府投资导致政府更多地干预经济，进而可能导致政策放缓经济增长，降低包括政府本身在内的所有投资者的资本回报率。可以看出文章作者的语气是在批评政府所采取的社会保障基金投资政策。故选D项。

第5题:细节事实题。A:政府政策推动了政府投资，并让经济走上正轨。B:政府在经济方面的投资最终减慢经济增长。C:政府支持项目的投资是错误的。D:如果政府投资股市，或许收益更大。第一段第二句指出:Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive(然而有力的证据表明：政府的投资政策实质上可能减少它原本预期获得的投资回报)。由此可知A项错误。最后一句指出:governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowth…(政府投资导致政府更多地干预经济，这有可能反过来导致相应政策的制定，这种政策进而会减慢经济增长)。因此B项正确。第三段第一句指出:Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks(其中之一是对政府债券大力投资，其回报远低于对股市之类的投资)。因此D项正确。最后一段指出:Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn(这种投资的结果还是回报率很低)，以及:Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney(事实上，这种投资经常赔钱)。因此C项符合原文所述。故此题选A。

23.单选题

Hewas____ofstealingandsenttoprisonforthethirdtime.

问题1选项

A.convicted

B.accused

C.charged

D.sentenced

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.convicted定罪B.accused控告；控诉

C.charged控告；起诉D.sentenced判决；宣判

【答案】A

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】句意：他被……偷窃罪并且第三次入狱。根据句意，应该是被定罪为偷窃罪然后送入监狱。beconvictedof“宣布有罪”符合语境，因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B选项accused“控告；控诉”，beaccusedof“被指控”，根据句意，因为已经送入监狱，所以应该是宣布有罪了，而不只是被指控有罪，该选项不符合语境；

C选项charged“控告；起诉”，固定搭配bechargedwith或bechargedof，表示“被指控”。根据句意，因为已经送入监狱，所以应该是宣布有罪了，而不只是被指控有罪，该选项不符合语境；

D选项sentenced“判决；宣判”，其使用为besentencedto，因此不符合搭配。

【句意】他被宣告犯偷窃罪，第三次被送进监