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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川美术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.

It’srainingagain.AsIlieawakeinbed,listeningtothesoundofthoserazor-sharpdropspoundingonthepavement,mymindgoesreelingdowndarkcorridorsteemingwithagonizingflashbacks,andachillfromwithinfillsmewithdread.It’sraining,again.

ItdoesthisyearinSouthernCalifornia;atleastthat’swhattheytoldmelastyearwhenImarveledattherelentlessdeterminationoftherain.Thereseemtobetwoseasonshere.Duringtherainyseason,sometimesthestormsdrenchtheareanonstopfordays.Sometimesthestormscomeandgo.Oftenpropertydamageanddisruptedlivesresult.It’shardtopredicttheintensityofthepatternsfromyeartoyear.Thenthereisthefireseason.Thattakescareofthepropertythatmanagedtosurvivethedeluge,againdisruptinglives.Thedaysconnectingtheseseasonsaremonotonous,withsomesun,somesmogandsomemoresun.ThisisnothinglikebackhomeinColorado.

【答案】又下雨了。我醒着躺在床上,听着那些犀利的的雨点掉落在人行道上的声音。我的思绪陷入了黑暗的走廊,充满了痛苦的回忆,内心的寒意让我充满恐惧。又在下雨了

加利福尼亚南部,今年也如此。当我对雨无情地下个不停感到惊奇时,至少,去年他们是这样告诉我的。这里似乎只有两个季节。在雨季,有时暴风雨连续几天不停地浸透这个地区。有时暴风雨来去不定。往往造成财产损失和生活混乱,每年都很难预测这种模式的强度。然后是火灾季节,从洪水中幸存下来的财物就落到它手里了,再一次扰乱人们的生活。连着这些季节的日子是单调的,仅有一些太阳,一些雾和一些更多的太阳。这和回科罗拉多的家完全不同。

2.单选题

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste________thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

问题1选项

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项intermsof“在……方面,就……而言”;B选项infavorof“赞成”;C选项inspiteof“不管,尽管”;D选项inplaceof“取代,代替”。句意:这个目标是用庄稼,野草甚至是动物排泄物来()为绝大多数美国人生产活动提供动力的石油。人们使用庄稼等有机物很明显是为了取代石油这种化学物来充当燃料的,所以答案选D。

3.单选题

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

问题1选项

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项continuous“连续不断的”,指整个事发的过程都没有中断;B项continual“持续不断的”,指一再的、频繁的、反复发生的;C项constant“不变的、恒定的”;D项contrary“相反的、对立的”;句意:城邦国家之间频繁的冲突导致希腊文明最终衰落。因此该题B项正确。

4.单选题

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformand

function,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers-usingnon-scientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist'smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldthevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking,”nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisitestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Itcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith(

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare(

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirstpassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothepassage?

5.TheauthorcallsthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecord“paradoxical”(lines22)mostprobablybecause(

6.Accordingtothepassagerandomfailuresinautomaticcontrolsystemsare“notmerelytrivialaberrations”(lines32)because(

7.Theauthorusestheexampleoftheearlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsprimarilyto(

问题1选项

A.identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists

B.stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign

C.proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology

D.contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists

问题2选项

A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecourseindesign

B.weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills

C.strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses

D.strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems

问题3选项

A.Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.

B.Eachcomponentofanautomobile-forexample,theengineorthefueltank-hasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.

C.Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner’sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.

D.Thedesignerofanewrefrigeratorshouldconsiderthedesignsofotherrefrigeratorsbeforedecidingonitsfinalform.

问题4选项

A.Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.

B.Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment.

C.Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreasedthetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangement,andtexture.

D.Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.

问题5选项

A.thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.

B.Architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.

C.Engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.

D.Thedrawingsneededweresocomplicatedthatevenstudentsinarchitecturalschoolshaddifficultymakingthem.

问题6选项

A.automaticcontrolsystemsaredesignedbyengineerswhohavelittlepracticalexperienceinthefield.

B.thefailuresarecharacteristicofsystemsdesignedbyengineersrelyingtooheavilyonconceptsinmathematics.

C.thefailuresoccurtoooftentobetakenlightly.

D.designersofautomaticcontrolsystemshavetoolittletrainingintheanalysisofmechanicaldifficulties.

问题7选项

A.weakentheargumentthatmodemengineeringsystemshavemajordefectsbecauseofanabsenceofdesigncoursesinengineeringcurricula.

B.supportthethesisthatthenumberoferrorsinmodemengineeringsystemsislikelytoincrease.

C.illustratetheideathatcoursesindesignarethemosteffectivemeansforreducingthecostofdesigningengineeringsystems.

D.supportthecontentionthatalackofattentiontothenonscientificaspectsofdesignresultsinpoorconceptualizationbyengineers.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据文章第一段:InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的发展过程中,大体上是由非言语思维刻画了我们物质环境的轮廓并充实了其中的细节。该句强调“non-verbalthinking”的重要性。所以B选项‘强调工程设计中非语言思维的重要性‘符合题意。

2.根据题目中的“engineeringcurricula”找到文章的第二段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.因此设计课程应该成为工程课程中的基本成份。“should”是在该句中意思是“应该做”而实际上确“没有做”。所以确定A选项‘强调在设计中包括的课程‘符合题意。

3.根据文章第一段:InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的发展过程中,大体上是由非言语思维刻画了我们物质环境的轮廓并充实了其中的细节。和Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.某一些决定,比如壁厚和销钉直径,可能需要由科学的计算来定夺,但设计中的非科学成分仍然是主要的。由此确定C选项‘吊桥的显著特点反映出设计得的概念化与当地的地理特符合题意。。A选项‘转子发动机这样的机械出现故障时,应当派最好的技术人员去维修‘、B选项’汽车的每个零件,如:发动机,油箱,都是经过科学检测,与各部分零件是完全匹配兼容的‘和D选项’冰箱的新的设计人员在决定最后的方案时,要参考其它冰箱的设计方案‘并没有呈现出非语言思维模式,与题意不符。

4.根据文章第一段:InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的发展过程中,大体上是由非言语思维刻画了我们物质环境的轮廓并充实了其中的细节。Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.某一些决定,比如壁厚和销钉直径,可能需要由科学知计算来定夺,但设计中的非科学成分仍然是主要的。Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.非语言思维,这一工程设计的核心机制,包括了感受这一属于艺术家的而非科学家的惯用手段。确定A选项‘如果假设技术层面的知识来源于科学,就忽略了许多技术人员所做非科学性的决定‘正确。

5.根据文章第二段:ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisitestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.但令人感到自相矛盾的是,当《美国工程历史名录》的工作人员希望得到为其美国工程历史记录而绘制的机器图和等比例图时,唯一具有所需技能的大学生不是工程学大学生,而是就读于建筑学院的大学生。该句强调的是“engineeringstudents”在教育方面的缺陷,所以C选项‘工程学的学生没有接受画图纸的训练,而这一技能是追踪这一学科发展所必需的手段‘正确。

6.根据文章最后一段:Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.比如,装载了精密控制设备的早期高速铁路车辆模型不能在暴风雪中正常运行,原因是一个风扇将雪吸入到电子系统中。Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.干扰着自动控制系统的荒唐的随机故障不是轻微的异常;它们是一种混乱的反映,人们认为这种混乱主要在设计数学方面的问题时就会产生。确定B选项‘失败的原因是设计这一系统的工程师太过于依赖数学概念’正确。

7.根据文章最后一段:Itcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.如果不能开设设计课程(它能在一个高度分析性工程学课程体系中提供解决实际问题的背景知识),我们就会在先进的工程系统中遇到愚蠢而同时会导致极大损失的错误。确定D选项‘对非科学性的设计缺少足够关注,从而导致了工程师们构想能力的下降’符合题意。

5.单选题

Thepalmtreelookedasifit(

)foralongtime.

问题1选项

A.hasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hadn’tbeenwatered

D.wasn’twatered

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Asif引导一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子。主语的谓语动词是一般过去时,因此虚拟语气的谓语动词要用过去完成时。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

)wecontinuetoworkhard,wecanfinishthetaskaheadofschedule.

问题1选项

A.Assoonas

B.Asfaras

C.Solongas

D.Sofaras

【答案】C

【解析】考察固定搭配。assoonas一…就;asfaras至于;sofaras到目前为止;solongas“只要”,句意:我们只要继续努力工作,就能在计划之前完成工作。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.Inthegym.

B.Intheoffice.

C.Intheclinic.

D.Intheboat.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Ok,everythinglooksship-shape.

W:Great!WhenshouldIcomeagainforaphysical?

Q:Wheredidthisconversationprobablytakeplace?

【解析】推断题。女士问何时来复查,由此推断对话场景应为医院。

8.翻译题

Thefreedomofartismorethananideal.If,despitethesmallchanceofsuccess,theprofessionofartistissopopular,itisbecauseitofferstheprospectofalaborthatisapparentlyfreeofnarrowspecialization,allowingartists,likeheroesinthemovies,toendowworkandlifewiththeirownmeanings.Equallyfortheviewersofart,thereisacorrespondingfreedominappreciatingthepurposelessplayofideasandforms,notinslavishlyattemptingtodivineartists'intentions,butinallowingtheworktoelicitthoughtsandsensationsthatconnectwiththeirownexperiences.Thewealthybuythemselvesparticipationinthisfreezonethroughownershipandpatronage,andtheyarebuyingsomethinggenuinelyvaluable;thestateensuresthatawiderpublichasatleasttheopportunitytobreatheforawhilethescentoffreedomthatworksofartemit.Yettherearereasonstowonderwhetherfreetradeandfreeartareasantitheticalastheyseem.Firstly,theeconomyofartcloselyreflectstheeconomyoffinancecapital.Inarecentanalysisofthemeaningofculturaldominance,DonaldSassoonexploredpatternsofimportandexportofnovels,opera,andfilmsinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies.

Culturallydominantstateshaveabundantlocalproductionthatmeetsthedemandsoftheirhomemarkets,importinglittleandsuccessfullyexportingmuch.Inthenineteenthcentury,FranceandBritainwerethedominantliterarypowers.TheUSisnowbyfarthemostdominantculturalstate,exportingitsproductsgloballywhileimportingverylittle.

AsSassoonpointsout,thisdoesnotmeanthateveryoneconsumesAmericanculture,justthatmostoftheculturethatcirculatesacrossnationalboundariesisAmerican.Sassoonrulesfineartoutofhisaccountonthesensiblegroundsthatithasnomassmarket.Itishardtoreadtradefiguresforsignsofculturaldominanceinasystemthatisthoroughlycosmopolitan,sothatyouhaveaGermancollectorbuyingthroughaBritishdealertheworkofaChineseartistresidentintheUS.Wecan,however,getanideaofthevolumeoftradeineachnation,and,giventhehighproportionofinternationaltradeintheartmarket,thisdoesgiveanindicationofglobalhegemony.Heretherearestrikingparallelswiththedistributionoffinancialpower.ItishardlysurprisingthattheUSisdominant,accountingforalittlelessthanahalfofallglobalartsales;Europeaccountsformuchoftherest,withtheUKtakingasitssharearoundahalfofthat.

【答案】艺术的自由不仅仅是一种理想。尽管成功的几率很小,艺术家这个行业很受欢迎,这是因为它提供了一种劳动前景,这显然摆脱了专业狭隘化的限制,让艺术家像电影里的英雄一样,赋予自己工作和生活的意义。同样地,对于艺术欣赏者来说,在欣赏无目的的艺术思想和形式时也有一种相应的自由,而这种欣赏不是盲目地试图揣测艺术家的意图,而是让作品激发他们与个人自身经历相关的想法和感觉。

然而,我们有理由怀疑自由贸易和自由艺术是否和它们看起来那样相反。首先,艺术经济严密地反映了金融资本经济。

文化占主导地位的国家拥有丰富的当地文化,能够满足国内市场的需求,因而可以少引进,多出口。

正如Sassoon指出,这并不意味着每个人都要消费美国文化,只是大多数跨国界传播的文化都是美国文化。

Sassoon挑选好的艺术作品是经过自己理智考虑的,在于它有没有巨大的市场。在一个完全国际化的体系中,很难从贸易数据中判断文化是否处于主导地位。所以,可能存在这样的情况,一位德国收藏家从一个英国商人那里买到了一位华裔艺术家的作品。然而,了解每个国家文化产品的贸易量,鉴于一个国家艺术产品在整个艺术市场所占的比例,可以判断出这个国家的文化艺术品是否处于国际领导地位。下面是一些有关于金融大国比例分配惊人的相似点。

9.翻译题

1.Inpresent-daytechnologymanmakestremendousdemandsonthematerialsavailabletohim.Thedemandisnotonlyforhugequantitiesofmaterialssuchastimber,concrete,steelandplasticsforconstructionalpurposes.Itisalsoforsmallerbutcrucialamountsofmaterialswhicharelesseasilyobtainable.Materialssuchasuraniumandtitaniumdonotexistinlargequantitiesbuttheypossessunusualpropertieswhichmakethemessentialforcertainhighlyspecializeduses.

2.Computersareelectronicmachinesforprocessingdata.Dataarepiecesoritemsofinformationthathavebeenproperlypreparedsothatthemachinecanworkwiththem.Processingmeanshandlingormanipulatingthematerialthathasbeenpresentedtothemachineinsuchwaysasperformingcalculations,classifyinginformation,ormakingcomparisons.Acomputerismadeofmillionsofelectronicdevicesthatcanstorethedataorswitchthemthroughcomplexcircuitswithdifferentfunctionsatincrediblespeeds.

3.在传统的中国家庭中,成年子女与年长父母生活在一个屋檐下。自1974年中国实行独生子女政策以来,中国家庭经历了许多变化,其中一个变化是核心家庭成为主导。当独生子女因为读大学或结婚而离开家里时,父母才四五十岁,他们比其他国家育有多个子女的父母更早经历空巢综合征。他们忽然感到孤独、悲伤、无用、消沉。

【答案】1.当今的技术人员对可用的材料提出了巨大的要求。这种需求不仅适用于诸如木材、混凝土、钢铁以及用于建筑目的的塑料等数量巨大的材料,也适用于较少但至关重要,且不易获得的材料。铀和钛这样一类材料并不大量存在,但它们具有非凡的特性,这使得它们成为某些特殊用途所不可缺少的材料。

2.计算机是处理数据的电子机器。数据是已被适当准备好以便机器能够使用的信息片段或项目。加工指的是对呈现在机器上的材料进行处理或操作,如计算、分类或比较。计算机是由数以百万计的电子设备组成的,这些设备可以存储数据或通过具有不同功能的复杂电路以令人难以置信的速度转换数据。

3.InatraditionalChinesefamily,adultchildrenliveunderthesameroofwiththeirolderparents.SinceChinaadoptedtheone-childpolicyin1974,Chinesefamilieshaveundergonemanychanges,oneofwhichisthedominanceofthenuclearfamily.Whenonlychildrenleavehomeforcollegeormarriage,theirparentsareintheir40sor50s,andtheyexperienceempty-nestsyndromeearlierthanparentswithmultiplechildreninothercountries.Theysuddenlyfeellonely,sad,useless,anddepressed.

10.填空题

“Dida”is(1)peopleusuallycallthisuniversity.(

2)itisacomprehensiveuniversity,theearthsciencesarestillitsmainresearchfocus.Thereis(3)universityassociatedwithit,inWuhan.

【答案】1.what

2.Although

3.another

【解析】1.语法题。what在此处引导表语从句,在从句中充当宾语。

2.逻辑分析。由后句的still(仍然)推测前后句为让步关系。

3.语义题。句意:武汉还有一所与之相关的大学。

11.单选题

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Radiowaves.

B.Soundwaves.

C.Robots.

D.Satellites.

问题2选项

A.Itmaybefreezingfastbeneaththeglacier.

B.Itmayhavemicro-organismslivinginit.

C.Itmayhavecertainraremineralsinit.

D.Itmaybeasdeepasfourkilometers.

问题3选项

A.Helpunderstandlifeinfreezingconditions.

B.Helpfindnewsourcesoffreshwater.

C.Provideinformationaboutotherplanets.

D.Shedlightonpossiblelifeinouterspace.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】PassageOne

WhilesomescientistsexplorethesurfaceofAntarctica,othersarelearningmoreaboutagiantbodyofwater4kilometersbeneaththeicepack.[9]ScientistsfirstdiscoveredLakeVostokinthe1970sbyusingradiowavesthatpenetratetheice.Sincethentheyhaveusedsoundwavesandevensatellitestomapthismassivebodyofwater.HowdoesthewaterinLakeVostokremainliquidbeneathanicesheet?Thethickglacieraboveactslikeaninsulatingblanketandkeepsthewaterfromfreezing,saysMartinSiegert,aglaciologistfromtheUniversityofWales.Inaddition,geothermalheatfromdeepwithintheEarthmaywarmthehiddenlake.[10]Thescientistssuspectthatmicro-organismsmaybelivinginLakeVostok,closedofffromtheoutsideworldformorethan2millionyears.Anythingfoundtherewillbetotallyalientowhat’sonthesurfaceofEarth,saysSiegert.Scientistsaretryingtofindawaytodrillintotheiceanddrawwatersampleswithoutcausingcontamination.Again,robotsmightbethesolution.Ifallgoesasplanned,adrill-shapedrobotwillmeltthroughthesurfaceice.Whenitreachesthelake,itwillreleaseanotherrobotthatcanswiminthelake,takepictures,andlookforsignsoflife.[11]Thescientistshopetheirdiscoverieswillshedlightonlifeinouterspace,whichmightexistinsimilardarkandairlessconditions.Recently,close-uppicturesofJupiter’smoon,Europa,showedsignsofwaterbeneathitsicysurface.OncetestedinAntarctica,robotscouldbesenttoEuropatosearchforlifetheretoo.

9.WhatdidscientistsfirstusetodiscoverLakeVostokinthe1970s?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问科学家最先用什么在20世纪70年代发现沃斯托克湖?录音开头提到,科学家在20世纪70年代首次利用能穿透冰层的无线电波发现了沃斯托克湖,因此A选项“无线电波”正确。B选项“声波”和D选项“卫星”是科学家在发现沃斯托克湖之后在地图上绘制该湖时所使用的手段,因此排除;C选项“机器人”,录音说的是科学家想使用机器人获取沃斯托克湖的水样,并不是发现沃斯托克湖的工具,因此也可排除。

10.WhatdoscientiststhinkaboutLakeVostok?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问的是科学家对沃斯托克湖的看法。录音提到,科学家怀疑沃斯托克湖可能有微生物存在,B选项“它可能有微生物存在”与录音原文表述一致,因此正确。A项“在冰川下,它可能迅速结冰”,录音中提到,冰川像隔热毯,能防止水结冰(keepsthewaterfromfreezing),因此A选项不正确;C选项“它可能含有某些稀有的矿物质”在录音中没有信息提及;D选项“它可能深达4千米”,利用录音开头的4kilometersbeneaththeicepack设置干扰,录音说的是沃斯托克湖在大片浮冰下4千米处,并不是说沃斯托克湖深达4千米,因此D选项不正确。

11.Whatdothescientistshopetheirdiscoverieswilldo?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问科学家希望他们的发现能起到什么作用?录音提到,科学家希望这一发现将有助于了解外太空的生命(shedlightonlifeinouterspace),D选项“了解外太空可能存在的生命”是录音原文的复现,因此正确。A选项“帮助了解冰冻环境中的生命”和B选项“帮助寻找新的淡水资源”在录音中均没有信息提及;C选项“提供关于其他行星的信息”,利用录音中的Jupiter一词设置干扰,录音说的是,如果使用机器人能帮助获取沃斯托克湖的相关信息,那么将在木星上使用同样的方法去寻找外太空可能存在的生命。

12.单选题

Takingadvantageofhispopularityintheopinionpolls,thePrimeMinisterhasdecidedtocalla________electionfornextmonth.

问题1选项

A.convincing

B.magnetic

C.snap

D.clean-cut

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“convincing”,意为“令人信服的;有说服力的”;B选项“magnetic”,意为“地磁的;有磁性的;有吸引力的”;C选项“snap”,意为“突然的”,snapelection是个短语,意为“提前选举;临时选举”;D选项“clean-cut”,意为“(尤指男人)外表整洁的,优雅高尚的;轮廓分明的”。句意:首相利用他在民意调查中的声望,决定在下个月__提前__举行选举。本句表示“首相想趁着自己在民意调查中富有声望,于是提前进行选举,来获取优势地位”。因此C选项符合题意。

13.单选题

1.Scientistshavedevelopedaslimmingdrugthatsuccessfullysuppressesappetiteandresultsinadramaticlossofweightwithoutanyapparentilleffects.

2.InruralAmerica,theyearwasarrangedaroundthegrowingseason.Now,only3percentoffamiliesfollowtheagriculturalmodel,butnearlyallschoolsarescheduledasisourchildrenwenthomeearlytomilkthecowsandtookmonthsofftoworkthecrops.

3.Humorhasbeenwelldefinedas:“Thinkinginfunwhilefeelinginearnest”.

4.法律真正的意义,是要把一个自由而有理性的人导向正当的意义上去,而不是对此加以限制的。

5.然而,研究人员在报告中提醒说,相对于患更严重的疾病的危险来说,这些益处简直微不足道。

问题1选项

A.科学家们已经研制出了一种减肥药,它能有效地抑制食欲,导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。

B.科学家们已经开发出了一种减肥药,它能成功地控制食欲,使体重显著下降,同时有明显的不良反应。

C.科学家们已经研制出了一种减食疗法的药,它能有效地抑制食欲,导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。

问题2选项

A.在美国农村,时间是根据生长季节来安排的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业,但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家只是去挤牛奶或是几个月不上学去地里种庄稼。

B.在美国农村,一年是根据农时来安排的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业,但几乎所有的学校的时间安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。

C.在美国农村,上学时间是根据农时来决定的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业,但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是让孩子们早早回家去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。

问题3选项

A.幽默被人很好地解释为:“带着认真的情绪滑稽地思考”。

B.幽默被人很恰当地解释为:“认真地感觉,不认真地思考”。

C.幽默被人很巧妙地诠释为:“一面认真地感觉一面滑稽地思考”。

问题4选项

A.Therealmeaningoflawisnotthelimitationasthedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest

B.Thetruenotionoflawisnotsomuchlimitedtothedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest

C.Law,initstruemotion,isnotsomuchthelimitationasthedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest

问题5选项

A.Researchersinthestudy,however,cautionedthatsuchbenefitsdon'toutweightheriskofmoreseriousailments

B.However,researchersremindedinthereportthatsuchbenefitsarenothingcomparedwiththeriskofmoreseriousailments

C.However,researcherscautionedintheirreportthatsuchbenefitsdon'tindolencealotcomparingtotheriskofmoreseriousailments

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.首先,“slimmingdrug”应翻译为减肥药,没有提及减食疗法,所以首先排除选项C;根据“withoutanyapparentilleffects.”可知,应该是没有明显的不良反应,所以选项B错误。选项A翻译最为准确。

2.根据句意可知“growingseason”不是直译为生长季节,而是指“农时”,所以首先排除选项A;这里的theyear指的是“上学时间”,所以选项C最为恰当。

3.本题的关键在于对引语的翻译,相比较之下,选项A翻译最为准确。

4.本句强调的是“意义”,而不是“法律”,所以首先排除选项C;“真正的”这里用true比较好,real常用来指比较抽象的事物,所以选项B更准确。

5.“提醒”在本句中用remind比较口语化,caution更为正式,因为是在报告中进行提醒,因此caution更为恰当;后面包含一个比较,用outweigh言简意赅,最为恰当。所以选项A翻译最精确。

14.单选题

Humansareuniquelysmartamongalltheotherspeciesontheplanet.Wearecapableofoutstandingfeatsoftechnologyandengineering.Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?WhenPrimatePsychologistLaurieSantosformtheComparativeCognitionLabatYaleUniversityposedthisquestiontoherteam,theywerethinkinginparticularoftheerrorsofjudgmentwhichledtotherecentcollapseofthefinancialmarkets.Santoscametotwopossibleanswerstothisquestion.Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions.

Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys.Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn.However,theyarenotinfluencedbyanyofthetechnologicalorculturalenvironmentswhichaffecthumandecision-making.TheteamwantedtotestwhethertheCapuchinmonkeys,whenputintosimilarsituationsashumans,wouldmakethesamemistakes.

Ofparticularinteresttothescientistswaswhethermonkeyswouldmakethesamemistakeswhenmakingfinancialdecisions.Inordertofindout,theyhadtointroducethemoneystomoney.Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques,weresoonabletodistinguish“bargains”—Ifoneteam—memberofferedtwograpesinexchangeforametaldiscandanotherteam-memberofferedonegrape,themonkeyschosethetwo-grapeoption.Interestingly,whenthedateaboutthemonkey’spurchasingstrategieswascomparedwitheconomist’sdataonhumanbehaviour,therewasasperfectmatch.

So,afterestablishingthatthemonkeymarketwasoperatingeffectively,theteamdecidedtointroducesomeproblemswhichhumansgenerallygetwrong.Oneoftheseissuesisrisk-taking.Imaginethatsomeonegaveyou$1000.Inadditiontothis$1000,youcanreceiveeitherA)anadditional$500orB)someonetossesacoinandifitlands“heads”youreceiveanadditional$1000,butifitlands“tails”youreceivenomoremoney.Oftheseoptions,mostpeopletendtochooseoptionA.Theypreferguaranteedearnings,ratherthanrunningtheriskofreceivingnothing.Nowimagineasecondsituationinwhichyouaregiven$2000.Now,youcanchoosetoeitherA)lose$500,leavingyouwithatotalof$1500,orB)tossacoin;ifitland“heads”youlosenothing,butifitlands“tails”youlose$1000,leavingyouwithonly$1000.Interestingly,whenwestandtolosemoney,wetendtochooset

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