考研考博-英语-大连外国语大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连外国语大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Itisalwaysmyheightthatgivesme（

）.

问题1选项

A.off

B.up

C.away

D.out

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一直以来都是我的身高把我暴露了。

考查短语辨析。giveoff发出(光)等,长出(枝)等;giveup放弃,交出;giveaway泄露,使露出真面目;giveout分发,公布。根据题干中的myheight可知C符合句意。

2.单选题

Youmay（

）earlyasyouhavetocatchanearlytraintomorrow.

问题1选项

A.remain

B.reverse

C.retreat

D.retire

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。remain意为“保留”；reverse意为“颠倒，翻转”；retreat意为“撤退，离开”；retire意为“退休”。

句意：你可能要早点离开了，因为你明早还要去赶火车。

3.单选题

Achildhearshismothertonguespokenfrommorningtillnightinits（）form.

问题1选项

A.correct

B.accurate

C.genuine

D.perfect

【答案】C

【解析】近义词辨析题。correct"正确的,合适的,符合的";accurate"精确的,准确的";genuine"纯正的,真正的";perfect"完美的,完善的"。句意：小孩子从早到晚一直听着地道的母语。小孩子听到的不一定是正确的语自，也不一定是完美的或者准确的母语,而是地地道道的母语。选项C符合句意。

4.单选题

Lastyear,Mattearned（）hisbrother,whohasabetterposition.

问题1选项

A.twiceasmuchas

B.twiceasmanyas

C.twicemoreas

D.twiceasmoreas

【答案】A

【解析】考查倍数的表达。1.倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+其它。这种结构又常演变成下列两类：①倍数+as+many+可数名词复数+as；②倍数+as+much+不可数名词+as。如:ThereareseventimesasmanypeopleasIexpected.（是我预料的人数的七倍。），Thereisfivetimesasmuchcoffeeinthisglassasinthatone.（这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。），这个句子前半句说马特赚得比他哥哥多，肯定是钱money赚得多，而money是不可数，所以不能用many，排除B选项。没有C，D选项的用法。句意：去年马特比他哥哥赚得多两倍，而他哥哥的职位比他高。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

5.单选题

Facebook’stopexecutiveareeligiblefortwice-a-yearbonusesofupto45percentoftheirbasesalaries.

问题1选项

A.optional

B.qualified

C.desirable

D.casual

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文语义与形容词辨析。A选项optional“可选择的”；B选项qualified“合格的，有资格的”；C选项desirable“值得拥有的，可取的”；D选项casual“随便的；临时的”。句意：Facebook的高管有资格获得一年两次的奖金，最高可达基本工资的45%。根据句意可排除A、D两项。C选项desirable与B选项qualified的区别在于：desirable通常修饰“值得的或可取的东西”，在这句话中则应该是“一年两次的奖金”，通常用于itisdesirablethat（XX是可取的。）或者itisdesirableforsbtodosth（做某事是值得的。），而划线词修饰的是“Facebook的高管”，两者用法不搭，而qualified通常与介词for连用，AbequalifiedforB（A具备完成/拥有B的资格或能力），该词与原文areeligiblefor词义、用法最相近。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

6.单选题

Theyoungpeoplemadeanew（）tothegovernor.

问题1选项

A.proposal

B.submerge

C.tendency

D.thread

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项proposal“提议，建议”。B选项submerge“淹没”。C选项.tendency“倾向，趋势”。D选项thread“线，螺纹”。句意：年轻人向领导提出了一项新建议。因此A选项符合题意。

7.翻译题

Althoughourunderstandingoflearningisstillnotcomplete,agreatdealisknown.Learninghasmanydifferentformsandtakesplaceundermanyconditions.Ingeneral,itinvolvesachangeinbehavior.Whenachangeinbehaviortakesplaceasaresultoflearning,thechangeisusuallyalong-lastingone.Learningmaymeanthatanumberofsmallindependentactsarearrangedinaneworder.Thishappens,forexample,whenyoulearntoplayanewpieceonthepiano.

【答案】尽管我们对“学习”的理解不尽完善，然而我们对此已有不少了解。“学习”可以呈现不同的形式，也可以在许多情况下进行。一般来说，“学习”必然会引起行为的变化。“学习”导致人们行为发生变化时，这种变化常能持久。“学习”也许意味着对一系列细小而不相关的行为按新的顺序重新排列。就好比你在钢琴上学习弹奏一首新的曲子。

8.单选题

Myfriend[A]teachesEnglish,[B]literatureand[C]towriteatthe[D]stateuniversity.

问题1选项

A.teaches

B.literature

C.towrite

D.stateuniversity

【答案】C

【解析】【考查点】搭配。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，English（英语）、literature（文学）和towrite（写作）都是并列的宾语成分，应该统一为名词，所以towrite应该改为writing。

【句意】我的朋友在州立大学教英语、文学和写作。

9.单选题

Insomecasesthemothermayalsobelimitedintermsof______abilityandemotionalcapacity.

问题1选项

A.intelligent

B.intellectual

C.intelligible

D.intangible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项intelligent“智能的，聪明的”，B项intellectual“智力的”，C项intelligible“可理解的，明了的”，D项intangible“无形的，触摸不到的”。根据关键词emotionalcapacity（情感能力）推测，空格部分是与之对应的“智力”，B项符合。句意：在某些情况下，母亲的智力和情感能力也可能受到限制。因此，该题选择B项正确。

10.单选题

Lifeisacandle（

）toburnevenbrighter. 

问题1选项

A.beingmeant

B.meaning

C.tomean

D.meant

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。根据句中关键词“burnevenbrighter越燃越亮”的对应知这里指代“人们希望蜡烛（或蜡烛应该）越燃越亮”；再由“mean”一词在表示“主观希望”时一般用被动语态知D项“meant（其完整形式应该为whichismeant）”正确。故正确答案选D。

11.单选题

Thebeliefthatthemindplaysanimportantroleinphysicalillnessgoesbacktotheearliestdaysofmedicine.FromthetimeoftheancientGreekstothebeginningofthe20thcentury,itwasgenerallyacceptedbybothphysicianandpatientthatthemindcanaffectthecourseofillness,anditseemednaturaltoapplythisconceptinmedicaltreatmentsofdisease.Afterthediscoveryofantibiotics,anewassumptionarosethattreatmentofinfectiousorinflammatorydiseaserequiresonlytheeliminationoftheforeignorganismoragentthattriggerstheillness.Intherushtodiscoverantibioticsanddrugsthatcurespecificinfectionsanddiseases,thefactthatthebody’sownresponsescaninfluencesusceptibilitytodiseaseand-itscoursewaslargelyignoredbymedicalresearchers.

Itisironicthatresearchintoinfectiousandinflammatorydiseasefirstled20th-centurymedicinetorejecttheideathatthemindinfluencesphysicalillness,andnowresearchinthesamefield—includingtheworkofourlaboratoriesandofourcollaboratorsattheNationalInstitutesofHealth一isprovingthecontrary.Newmolecularandpharmacologicaltoolshavemadeitpossibleforustoidentifytheintricatenetworkthatexistsbetweentheimmunesystemandthebrain，anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly.Chemicalsproducedbyimmunecellssignalthebrain,andthebraininturnsendschemicalsignalstorestraintheimmunesystem.Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress.Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetworkinanyway,whetherinheritedorthroughdrugs,toxicsubstancesorsurgery,exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders.

Theclinicalsignificanceofthesefindingsislikelytoproveprofound.Theyholdthepromiseofextendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies,andviceversa.Theyalsohelptosubstantiatethepopularlyheldimpression(stilldiscountedinsomemedicalcircles)thatourstateofmindcaninfluencehowwellweresistorrecoverfrominfectiousorinflammatorydiseases.

Thebrain’sstressresponsesystemisactivatedinthreateningsituations.Theimmunesystemrespondsautomaticallytopathogensandforeignmolecules.Thesetworesponsesystemsarethebody’sprincipalmeansformaintaininganinternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis.Asubstantialproportionofhumancellularmachineryisdedicatedtomaintainingit.

Whenhomeostasisisdisturbedorthreatened,arepertoireofmolecular,cellularandbehavioralresponsescomesintoplay.Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate.Theycanbespecifictotheforeigninvaderoraparticularstress,ortheycanbegeneralizedandnonspecificwhenthethreattohomeostasisexceedsacertainthreshold.Theadaptiveresponsemaythemselvesturnintostressorscapableofproducingdisease.Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease.

1.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtosuggestthat（）

2.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemind-bodyinteractionindisease?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutclinicalsignificanceofthenewfindingscanbebest

supportedbythepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Accordingtothepassage,inordertomaintainaninternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis,（

）.

问题1选项

A.ithasalwaysbeenthebeliefofbothphysicianandpatientthatone’sstateofmindcanaffectphysicaldisease

B.thepopularbeliefthatstressexacerbatesinflammatoryillnesshasalwaysbeendiscreditedbythedoctors

C.thediscoveryofantibioticsshedslightonpeople’sunderstandingofthemind-bodyinteractionindisease

D.thereisanewunderstandingofthecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem

问题2选项

A.Thebrainandimmunesystemssendsignalstoeachother.

B.Theimmuneandcentralnervoussystemsareorganizedinverydifferentwaystoaffectthecourseofillness.

C.Disruptionofthecommunicationofthebrainandimmunesystemcancurecertaindisease.

D.Theimmunesystemandthebrainsharealotofhormonestofacilitatetheircommunication.

问题3选项

A.Theresponsivenesstostressisgeneticallydetermined.

B.Thetreatmentofimmunemaladiescanbeconsciouslycontrolled.

C.Psychoactivedrugsmayinsomecasesbeusedtotreatinflammatorydiseases.

D.Socialinteractionscanlessenpsychologicalstressandalterimmuneresponses.

问题4选项

A.Takingthecureatamountainsanatoriumdoesn’tworkforthetreatmentformanychronicdiseases.

B.Therelaxingeffectsofhot-springsspacanhelprestorethecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem.

C.Thedisruptionofthebrain’sstressresponsereducesthebody’sresponse.

D.Depressionisalsoassociatedwithinflammatorydisease.

问题5选项

A.sometimesthestressresponseneedstogototheextreme

B.thestressresponsehastobartheforeignpathogensfromthebody

C.boththestressandimmuneresponsesneedtoberegulated

D.theimmunesystempromotesphysiologicalandbehavioralchanges

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨题。题干：这篇文章提供的信息表明了_____。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease”可知，我们才刚刚开始了解大脑和免疫系统之间的相互依赖关系，它们是如何帮助彼此调节和反调节的，以及它们自身是如何失灵和产生疾病的。由此可知人们对大脑和免疫系统之间的关系有了新的认识。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：下列哪一项最能说明疾病中的身心互动？Themind-bodyinteraction对应文章第二段的theimmunesystemandthebrain，文中提到“anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly”，可知A选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：关于新发现的临床意义，下列哪一项陈述能最好地得到这篇文章的支持？文章第三段第一句提到“signigicance”,后句中“…extendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies...”正好对应C选项内容。因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：从文章中可以推断出下列哪个陈述？A和B选项与本文无关。第二段提到“Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress”，说明有影响，但C选项中的reduce并不能体现。第二段最后一句“Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetwork…exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders”正说明精神状况对于疾病的影响，因此D选项符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，为了保持一种叫做内稳态的内部稳定状态______。根据题干定位到文章第四段第三句，根据第五段中“Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate”可知为了维持人体内部的平衡，应激反应必须将外来病原体从体内消除。因此B选项符合题意。

12.单选题

（

）,thefactorieshadnotclosed,andthosewhoneededworkmostweregivenachancetosurviveduringtheeconomicdisaster.

问题1选项

A.Blithely

B.Mercifully

C.Glamorously

D.Importunately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。blithely愉快地，无忧无虑地；mercifully幸运地，宽厚地；glamorously富有魅力地；importunately“缠绕不休地”。句意：幸运的是，工厂没有倒闭，在经济灾难中那些最需要工作的人有机会生存。由句意可知B项符合题意。

13.单选题

Thoughtheycamefrom______socialbackgrounds,thenewlymarriedcouplesharednumerousinterestsandfeelings.

问题1选项

A.desultory

B.obsolete

C.malleable

D.disparate

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.desultory漫无目的的；无条理的B.obsolete淘汰的；废弃的

C.malleable可锻造的；易受影响（或改变）的D.disparate由不同的人（或事物）组成的；迥然不同的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据though可知，此处为让步语气，根据主句的句意“但这对新婚夫妇有许多共同的兴趣和感情”可推知，______socialbackgrounds表示“不同的社会背景”。因此，该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】虽然他们来自不同的社会背景，但这对新婚夫妇有许多共同的兴趣和感情。

14.单选题

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalsointime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionoflight.Asweallknow,lightishot;mysourceoflight-fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomes.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingtheformoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.

1.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsusedtoperformsurgicaloperationswere（

）.

2.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat

（

）.

3.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause

（

）.

4.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（

）.

问题1选项

A.fashionable

B.extraordinary

C.special

D.basic

问题2选项

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

D.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

问题3选项

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylight

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

问题4选项

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye

B.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

C.memademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章开头‘Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.’20世纪60年代之前，外科手术使用过的工具有：石头，锋利的骨头和角，金属刀，橡胶和塑料。确定这些工具都是很基本的，D选项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第二段中所举的眼科手术的例子可知，使用激光做手术，可以让患者感觉轻松和舒服，不需要很长时间就能恢复，彻底改变了外科手术的方法，C选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段中“Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentratedThismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.然而，激光束中的光是集中的，这意味着不需要比普通电灯泡产生更多的能量就能点燃，当它集中在一个针尖大小的光束上时，就会变得非常强烈。”可知，激光光束强是因为它的光束没有分散，而是集中成针尖大小的光束，所以A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据“Noknives,nounwanteddamage—truesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.没有刀，没有不必要的伤害——真正的外科奇迹。手术曾经让病人精疲力竭，需要很长时间的恢复，现在让他们感到放松和舒适。”可知，使用激光做外科手术，可以让病人遭受极少的痛苦，B选项正确。

15.单选题

BernardFoucault（）in1851thattheearthisrotating.

问题1选项

A.whoproved

B.proved

C.heproved

D.itwasproved

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。分析句子可知，主语是BernardFoucault，空格后面有that引导的宾语从句，因此空格处只需要填入一个谓语动词，故选B项。句意：伯纳德•福柯在1851年证明了地球是旋转的。

16.翻译题

OnthefirstdayoftheUSfederalgovernmentshutdown,aCalifornianresidentmaynotyetfeeltheimpact,butmanyChinesetouristsareunhappyandtheirtourguidesnervous.TonyLuhasrunatravelagencyinLosAngelesfor20years.FourtouristgroupsfromChina’smainlandorganizedbyhisagencyarecurrentlytravellingaroundtheUnitedStates.Theyaresufferingdifferentkindsofimpactfromthefederalgovernmentshutdown,whichledtothecloseof401nationalparks,Smithsonian’s19museumsandgalleriesandtheNationalZoo.“Comparedtothe1995-1996shutdown,thistimeismoreserioustous.WerunmostlyChinesemarketbusinessandtherearemanymoreChinesetouristsgroupsnowthan17yearsago,”hesaid.

“Ourclientsarecomplaining.ThetourguidesexplainedtothemthateventheUSPresidentBarackObamacannotsolvetheproblemimmediately,”hesaid.Someofthegroupshavetochangetheiritineraries(行程)astheycannotenterYellowstoneNationalParkortheLincolnMemorial,norcantheyhaveacloselookoftheStatueofLiberty,allofwhichareamongthemostpopulartourismsites.

AccordingtoNationalParkServices,thenationalparkshaveabout715,000visitorsperdayonaverageinOctober.Butnow,visitorsarebeingturnedaway.

Althoughthere’snofigureyetofhowmanyChinesetouristsareaffectedbytheshutdown,someareexpressingtheirsadnessonline.“Iwanttocry,”wroteMsHetoherWeChat(微信)friends.ShehadbeenlookingforwardtohersightseeingtriptotheUSforalongtime.

Butsoonaftershelanded,shelearnedthattheStatueofLiberty,LincolnMemorialandmanyothertouristattractionsonherlistwouldbeclosed.

“NobodywillgiveanycompensationtotheseChinesetourists.TheSenateandtheCongresswilldefinitelynot,”saidLu,“Andwehavetodomoretomakethemfeelbetter,suchasexplainingthesituationtothemandhelpingsomeofthemmodifytheirtravelplans.Hopefullythefederalgovernmentshutdownendssoon.”

Nearly1.5millionChinesetraveledtotheUSlastyear,accordingtotheOfficeofTravelandTourismIndustriesoftheUSDepartmentofCommerce.

ChinesecompaniesdoingbusinessintheUSmayalsobeaffectedifthefederalregulatoryagenciesandotherservicesdonotresumeworksoon.

【答案】美国联邦政府关门第一天，一个加利福尼亚的居民可能觉得没有影响，但许多中国游客却不开心，他们的导游也很紧张。托尼•鲁在洛杉矶经营一家旅行社20年。由他的旅行社接待的来自中国大陆的四个旅游团目前正在周游美国。他们正因联邦政府关门而遭受着不同程度的影响，联邦政府关门导致了401个国家公园、史密森尼的19家博物馆和画廊以及国家动物园的关闭。“相比1995-1996年的关门，这次对我们来说更严重。我们主要经营中国市场业务，和17年前相比，现在有更多的中国游客群，”他说。

“我们的客户在抱怨。导游解释说就连美国总统奥巴马也不能立即解决问题，”他说。

因为他们不能进入黄石国家公园或林肯纪念堂，也不能近距离观察自由女神像，一些旅行团不得不改变行程。而所有景点这些都列在最受欢迎的旅游网站上。

据国家公园的服务中心，在10月国家公园平均每天有715000名游客。但是现在，游客却遭到拒绝。

虽然还没有数据显示有多少中国游客受关闭影响，但一些人在线表达了他们的伤心。“我想哭，”何女士在微信上写给她朋友。她期待着她的美国观光之旅很长时间了。

但她下飞机不久后，她了解到她清单上的自由女神像、林肯纪念堂和许多其他旅游景点将被关闭。

“没人会给这些中国游客任何补偿。参议院和国会绝对不会，”托尼•鲁说，“我们必须做更多的工作来让他们觉得好一点，比如向他们解释情况，帮助他们中的一些人修改他们的旅行计划。希望联邦政府关门这件事很快结束。”

根据旅游局和美国商务部的旅游机构，去年有大约150万中国人前往美国。

如果联邦监管机构和其他服务没有很快恢复工作的话，在美国经商的中国公司也可能受到影响。

17.单选题

Notaskissodifficult（

）.

问题1选项

A.thatwecanaccomplishit

B.astobeunabletoaccomplishit

C.butwecanaccomplishit

D.butwecannotaccomplishit

【答案】C

【解析】句意:不管任务有多困难，我们都能完成。

语法题。考查否定句的特殊用法。But可以表示否定意义，相当于“that...not”，因此,butwecanaccomplishit相当于“thatwecannotaccomplishit”。

18.单选题

Mostpeoplewouldprobablyagreethatmanyindividualconsumeradvertsfunctiononthelevelofthedaydream.Bypicturingquiteunusuallyhappyandglamorouspeoplewhosesuccessineithercareerorsexualterms,orboth,isobvious,advertsconstructanimaginaryworldinwhichthereaderisabletomakecometruethosedesireswhichremainunsatisfiedinhisorhereverydaylife.

Anadvertforasciencefictionmagazineisunusuallyexplicitaboutthis.Inadditiontotheprimaryusevalueofthemagazine,thereaderispromisedaccesstoawonderfuluniversethroughtheproduct—accesstoothermysteriousandtantalizingworldsandepochs,therealmsoftheimagination.Whenstudyingadvertising,itisthereforeunreasonabletoexpectreaderstodecipheradvertsasfactualstatementsaboutreality.Mostadvertsarejusttoomeagerininformativecontentandtoorichinemotionalsuggestivedetailtobereadliterally.Ifpeoplereadthemliterally,theywouldsoonbeforcedtorealizetheirerrorwhentheglamorouspromisesheldoutbytheadvertsdidn'tmaterialize.

Theaverageconsumerisnotsurprisedthathispurchaseofthecommoditydoesnotredeemthepromiseoftheadvertisement,forthisiswhatheisusedtoinlife:theindividual’spursuitofhappinessandsuccessisusuallyinvain.Butthefantasyishistokeep;inhisdreamworldheenjoysa“futureendlesslydeferred”.

TheEstivaliaadvertisquiteexplicitaboutthefactthatadvertisingshowsusnotreality,butafantasy;itdoessobyopenlyadmittingthedaydreambutinawaythatinsistsontheexistenceofabridgelinkingdaydreamtoreality—Estivalia,whichis“fordaydreambelievers”,thosewhorefusetogiveuptryingtomakethehazyidealofnaturalbeautyandharmonycometrue.

Ifadvertsfunctiononthedaydreamlevel,itclearlybecomesinadequatetomerelycondemnadvertisingforchannelingreaders’attentionanddesirestowardsanunrealistic,paradisiacalnowhereland.Advertisingcertainlydoesthat,butinorderforpeopletofinditrelevant,theutopiavisualizedinadvertsmustbelinkedtooursurroundingrealitybyacasualconnection.

1.Thepeopleinadvertsareinmostcasesare（

）.

2.Whentheglamorouspromisesheldoutbytheadvertsdidn’tmaterialize,theaverageconsumerisnotsurprised,because

（

）.

3.What’sthebridgelinkingdaydreamtorealityinadverts?

4.Whatisthispassagemainlyconcernedwith?

问题1选项

A.happyandglamorous

B.successful

C.obvious

D.bothAandB

问题2选项

A.Theconsumerisusedtothefactthattheindividual’spursuitofhappinessandsuccessisusuallyinvain.

B.Advertsarefactualstatementsaboutreality.

C.Theconsumercancomeintotherealmsofimaginationpicturedbyadverts.

D.Advertscanmaketheconsumer’sdreamscometrue

问题3选项

A.Theproduct.

B.Estivalia.

C.Pictures.

D.Happyandglamorouspeople

问题4选项

A.Manyadvertscanbereadliterally.

B.Everyonehasadaydream.

C.Manyadvertsfunctiononthelevelofthedaydream.

D.Manyadvertsaredeceitfulbecausetheycannotmakegoodtheirpromises.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段中“Bypicturingquiteunusuallyhappyandglamorouspeoplewhosesuccessineithercareerorsexualterms,orboth,isobvious,advertsconstructanimaginaryworldinwhichthereaderisabletomakecometruethosedesireswhichremainunsatisfiedinhisorhereverydaylife.广告通过描绘非常快乐和迷人的在事业或性方面的成功是显而易见的，广告构建了一个想象的世界，在这个世界里，读者能够使那些在他或她的日常生活中仍未得到满足的愿望成为现实。可知大多数广告里的人们都是表现得快乐和迷人，并且成功的。故D项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由第三段“...forthisiswhatheisusedtoinlife:theindividual’spursuitofhappinessandsuccessisusuallyinvain.这就是他过去所习惯的生活——追求个人幸福和成功通常是徒劳的。可知A项正确。答案A

第3题:细节事实题。由倒数第二段中“...itdoessobyopenlyadmittingthedaydreambutinawaythatinsistsontheexistenceofabridgelinkingdaydreamtoreality—Estivalia...可知连接白日梦和现实之间的桥梁是Estivalia。故B项正确，答案B

第4题:主旨大意题。由第一段中“Mostpeoplewouldprobablyagreethatmanyindividualconsumeradvertsfunctiononthelevelofthedaydream.大多数人可能会同意，许多个人消费者广告的功能在白日梦的水平。”与最后一段“Ifadvertsfunctiononthedaydreamlevel...如果广告在白日梦层面发挥作用……。”可知本文主要讲述了大部分广告都有让人做白日梦的功能。故C项正确。

19.单选题

Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse.

ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotextiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecorationandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess;first,theartisttakesablockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthendrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Thewoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppapereitherbyhandorwithaprintingpress.

Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith'sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,“tocarve”).Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Animpressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothatthepaperpicksuptheink.

Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theauthor’spurposesinparagraph2aretodescribe（

）.

3.Theword“incised”inline15isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?

5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutprintsEXCEPTthatthey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theoriginsoftextiledecoration.

B.Thecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprints.

C.Twotypesofprintmaking.

D.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking.

问题2选项

A.thewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcentury

B.theuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustry

C.theprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcut

D.theintroductionofwoodcutstoEurope

问题3选项

A.burned

B.cut

C.framed

D.baked

问题4选项

A.Theirdesignsareslightlyraised.

B.Theyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.

C.TheywerefirstusedinEurope.

D.Theyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.

问题5选项

A.canbereproducedonmaterialsotherthanpaper

B.arecreatedfromareversedimage

C.showvariationsbetweenlightanddarkshades

D.requireaprintingpress

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章主要讨论的问题是什么”。文章第一段第一句为文章的中心句：版画是一系列工艺的总称，其中木刻和雕刻是两个主要的例子（Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples），接下来的内容都是在讲述木刻与雕刻，所以选项C“版画的两种”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“第二段的目的是为了描述……”。文章第二段介绍了木刻的来源：公元五世纪中国开始采用，主要用于纺织；十四世纪传入欧洲。然后介绍了木刻工艺的具体流程，因此选项C符合题意。

3.词义题。题目问的是“单词incised与哪个词的意思最接近”。文章第三