考研考博-英语-大连商务职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连商务职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave（

）suppliesofpetroleum.

问题1选项

A.proficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.sufficient

【答案】D

【解析】句意:欧盟国家曾担心他们石油供应不足。

形容词辨析。Proficient熟练的，精通的;efficient有效率的，生效的;potential潜在的，可能的;sufficient足够的，充分的。故D符合句意。

2.单选题

Iamwritingthisathomebecauselastweekmyergonomic(符合人体工程学的)chairattheofficefellapart,unableanylongertobearmyweight.Iamwritingitonacomputerthatisproppedontopoftwothickbooks,becauseotherwisemyneckwouldbecrickedasIpeeredatthescreen.At1.93mandweighing...well,I’mnotgoingtosaywhatIweigh,butthinksecond-rowrugbyunionforward...Iamnotbuiltforthisworld.WethereforewelcomeanewreportfromProfessorTimHattonattheUniversityofEssex,demonstratingthattheaverageheightofmeninEuropehasincreasedby4inchesinthepastcenturyandintheUKbyawhopping5inches.Asimilarincreaseislikelytohaveoccurredamongwomen:but,becausethestudyisbasedinpartonmilitaryrecords,evidenceisthinnerontheground.

Theproblem,asHattonobserves,isthattheworldhasn’tkeptpacewithourincreasedheight.Ilongagoabandonedbuses—leveringmyselfintoanarrowseatwasimpossible.Airtravelisalsochallenging.IwasinthebackrowofaneasyJetplanerecently,whichhasevenlessspacethananordinaryseat,andwouldhaveendedupwithaseverebackachehaditnotbeenforsomethoughtfulpassengernotturningup,allowingmetorelocatetoanaisleseatwheretheonlydangerisbeinghitbythetrolley.

Smallcarsareimpossible—Ihavetodrivewithmyheadthroughthesunroof.WestEndtheatersarehopelesslycramped.Asbeforeincricketgrounds:Iwouldundernocircumstancespay£80foraplasticbucketseatataTestmatch,whereIwouldbewedgeduneasilybetweentwoloud,red-trouseredmerchantbankerssippingwarmchampagne.Asforthoseappallingpinebedswithfootboards,usuallyfoundinabsurdlysmallhotelroomswhereIinvariablygetstuckinthetoiletbecausethedoorwon’topenwithmeinside,theyshouldbebannedimmediately.

Ourextraheightgenerallymeansextraweight.USdatashowthatbaseballplayersareonaverage3inchestallerand2stonesheavierthantheywereacenturyago—andthesearethesuperfitguys.OtherdatasuggestordinaryAmericanshaveadded2.54cmand12.6kginthepast50yearsalone.Weareallgiantsnow—orwillbesoon.Asarepresentativeofthisnewbreed,Iwouldsayjustonething:bewaregardenfurniture.Itappearstobemadeforgnomes.Iroutinelyremovepleasant-lookingbutwhollyimpracticalcanechairs,andonce,whileinterviewingtheactressJennySeagrove,snappedthestringsofahammock-typechairinhergarden.Itisnoteasytogetyourintervieweetotakeyouseriouslyafteryourvastbulkhasbeenplungedsuddenlyontotheirmanicuredlawn.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe（）.

2.WhatisthetoneofthewriterwhenheisdepictinghisrecenttravelinaneasyJetplane?

3.Accordingtothecontext,theword“gnomes”(Para.5)mightbe（）.

4.WhathappenedtothewriterwhilehewasinterviewingJennySeagrove?

问题1选项

A.PoorQualityofChairs

B.TroublewithBeingTall

C.EmbarrassmentofBeingRejected

D.DifficultiesinTakingPlanesandBuses

问题2选项

A.Angry.

B.Sarcastic.

C.Humorous.

D.Envious.

问题3选项

A.peopleofvastbulk

B.peopleofsmallsizes

C.representativesofAmericans

D.representativesofbaseballplayers

问题4选项

A.Hesuddenlyfelldownonthelawn.

B.Hepretendedtobeveryserious.

C.Hemadeafoolofhimselfonpurpose.

D.Hefailedtofinishhisinterview

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.结合全文内容可知，文章主要是作者描述自己个子高，身体重带来的麻烦，选项A,C,D均为由此带来的麻烦，选项B概括全面，所以作为标题最恰当。

2.根据关键词“easyjetplane”定位到第二段后半部分，作者提到飞机上的座位空间比一般的座位要小,如果不是因为某位体贴的乘客没有出现，使我可以坐在靠近过道的座位上，到下飞机的时候我可能会腰酸背痛,唯一的威胁就是会被手推车撞到。根据作者的描述可知，这是一种挖苦和嘲讽的语气。选项B正确。

3.作者在上文提到“Weareallgiants...bewaregardenfurniture.”我们现在都是巨人——或者即将成为巨人。但是要注意一件事:当心花园家具。说明花园家具不适用于大块头的人，那么可以推测，“gnomes”指体型较小的人。选项B正确。

4.根据最后一段的最后一句“Itisnoteasytogetyourintervieweetotakeyouseriouslyafteryourvastbulkhasbeenplungedsuddenlyontotheirmanicuredlawn.”在你的巨大身躯突然摔倒在他们修剪整齐的草坪上之后，让采访者认真对待你就不容易了。选项A符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

3.单选题

Asautomationbecamepopularinmostfactories,laborwasmade（）.

问题1选项

A.disincentive

B.redundant

C.diverse

D.discontent

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。disincentive妨碍活动的；redundant因人员过剩而被解雇的，多余的；diverse不同的，多种多样的；discontent不满的。句意:随着自动化在大多数工厂的普及，劳动力被了。因此B项符合句意。

4.单选题

Fromthiscoursethestudentsshould（

）someusefulknowledgeinpoliticalscience.

问题1选项

A.require

B.demand

C.enquire

D.acquire

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。require“要求，需要，想要”；demand“要求，请求，需要”；enquire“打听，询问”；acquire“获得，取得”。句意：通过这节课，学生们应该掌握一些与政治科学相关的实用知识。D项符合题意。

5.单选题

Theambassadorwasgiventhebookasatokenofthegovernment’sregardforhim.

问题1选项

A.anestimation

B.amemento

C.ashare

D.apreview

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。token表示“象征，代表”；A项estimation“尊重，估计”，B项memento“纪念品”，C项share“份额，股份”，D项preview“预览”。句意：大使被授予此书，表示政府对他的关心。因此B项正确。

6.单选题

7.

问题1选项

A.Shedidn’tdoanythinginparticular.

B.ShesendawoundedpersontotheER.

C.ShehadtoworkintheER.

D.Shewentskiing.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Didyoudoanythingovertheweekend?

M:Notmuch.Whatdidyoudo?

W:Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER.

Q:Whatdidthewomandoovertheweekend?

【解析】细节题。女士说：Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER(我本打算去滑雪，但不得不在设备间工作)。

7.单选题

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

问题1选项

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项refresh“振作，恢复活力”；B选项restore“恢复，修复”，强调恢复原貌；C选项renovate“更新，修复”，强调整修一新；D选项renew“使更新，使修复”。句意：为了使大教堂恢复昔日的辉煌，进行了大量的工作。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

8.翻译题

“Intelligence”atbestisanassumptiveconstruct—themeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Anintelligencetestisaroughmeasureofachild'scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnotmeasurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughlycomparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa“valid”or“fair”comparison.

【答案】“智力”充其量只是一个假设性的概念,因为智力的含义从来就是模糊的。人们对智力所指的不同表现,比对这些表现如何解释或分类,看法更为一致,但是一般认为智力好的人是能够迅速领会思想、区分事物、进行逻辑推理并运用文字和数车符号来解决问题的人。智力测验只是粗略衡量一个儿童的学习能力,尤其是学习学校所要求的不同知识的能力。智力测验并不测定人的品格、社会适应能力、身体耐力、手工技能或艺术才能。批评智力测试不反映上述情况,就犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。既然对智力的评估是比较而言的,那么我们就必须确保在对我们的对象迸行比较时,我们所使用尺度能提供“有效的”；或“公平的”比较。

9.单选题

Thecustomsinspectorwas______forsmugglers.

问题1选项

A.ontheguard

B.onthewatch

C.onwatch

D.onalert

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项搭配不正确，应为onguard“站岗，警惕，提防”；B选项onthewatch“留神，守候，注意”；C选项onwatch“值班，放哨，监视”；D选项onalert“提防着，警惕着”。根据Thecustomsinspector（海关稽查员）与smugglers（走私者）可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：海关稽查员在密切关注着走私者。

10.单选题

Haveyoueverreceived（）ofwhathashappenedtoher?

问题1选项

A.theword

B.words

C.word

D.thewords

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项theword“这个词；某个特定的词或话”；B选项words“歌词，台词，谈话，言语”；C选项word“消息，音信，谣言，传说”；D选项thewords“特指某些单词”。句意：她发生了什么事情，你得到她的消息了吗？因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Thesecontinual（）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.

问题1选项

A.alterations

B.vibrations

C.waves

D.fluctuations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。选项alteration“修改，改变；变更”；vibration“振动；振荡；颤抖”；wave“波浪；挥手示意”；fluctuation“起伏，浮动；动荡；动摇”。句意：温度上的这些持续起伏让人无法决定穿什么衣服。根据句中“makeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear让人无法决定穿什么衣服”可知“起伏”符合语境，因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Agoodemployergiveshintstohisorheremployeeswithoutinterferingwiththeircreativity.

问题1选项

A.freedom

B.assistance

C.clues

D.funds

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.freedom自由B.assistance帮助

C.clues线索，提示D.funds基金

【考查点】语义衔接与名词辨析

【解题思路】根据后文“不会影响创造力（creativity）”推断，雇主的这个行为如果处理不当会影响员工的创造力，原词hint“暗示，提示”，因此C选项clues“线索，提示”与原词意思最接近。

【干扰项排除】

A选项freedom“自由”，与创造力无关；

B选项assistance“帮助”，语义太宽泛，没有C选项具体；

D选项funds“基金”，与创造力无关。

【句意】一个好的雇主会给他或她的员工一些暗示，而不会影响他们的创造力。

13.单选题

TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe“allthingstoallpeople”.Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,“thenation’scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentials（文凭）thaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents.“Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapinganintegratedcoreofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.’’

Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved:“Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidates.Facultymemberswhodedicatedthemselvestoteachingsoondiscoverthattheywillnotbegrantedtenure（终身任期），promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultiessaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“Thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”

1.Whenacollegetriestobe“allthingstoallpeople”（Line1，Para.1）itaimsto_______.

2.Bysayingthat“intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”（Lines4-5,Pare.1）theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas_______.

3.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat______.

4.Americancollegesanduniversitiesfailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidatesbecause____.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor______.

问题1选项

A.satisfytheneedsofallkindsofstudentssimultaneously

B.focusontrainingstudentsinvariousskills

C.encouragestudentstotakeasmanycoursesaspossible

D.makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends

问题2选项

A.ignorestheactualsituation

B.isnotbasedontherightperspective

C.onlyfocusesonanintegratedcoreofcommonlearning

D.givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents

问题3选项

A.anarrowvocationalismhascometodominatemanycolleges

B.studentsdon’thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearn

C.skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanend

D.studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials

问题4选项

A.mostofthemlackhigh-qualityfaculties

B.theinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearch

C.therearenotenoughincentivesforstudentstostudyhard

D.theyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching

问题5选项

A.puttingacademicworkinthepropercontext

B.acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteaching

C.thepracticeofputtinglearningtoproductiveends

D.dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledge

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理题。根据文章第一段第四句，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”,可知问题是给学生们提供了太多的学术领域，也就是太多的专业课程可以选择。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.”，这种教育涉及了很多专业领域，但是没有内容，技能没有变成方法，而是成为一种目的，所以这种教育的角度是错误的。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“…theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.”，可知美国大学当前面临危机的原因是越来越迎合狭隘的事业心，没有培养学生的全球视野。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“…yetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”，可知他们认为研究和出版是最重要的事。选项D符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章第一段，“…Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.”，可知教学生们基本知识，产生跨学科联系，并且将知识应用于学校之外的生活是他们承诺努力的方面。根据第二段第一句，“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.”，可知高素质的教师和好的教学也是他们关注的方面。选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstday-nurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe（1）halfofthe19thcentury;mostof（2）werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheUnitedStates,theday-nurserymovementreceivedgreat（3）duringtheFirstWorldWar,when（4）ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedentednumbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished（5）inmunitionsplants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.（6）thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose（7）,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingFirstWorldWar,（8）,FederalState,andlocalgovernmentbegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol（9）thedaynurseries,chieflyby（10）themandbyinspectingandregulatingtheconditionswithinthenurseries.

The（11）oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenumberofdaynurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere（12）calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis（13）theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,（14）$6,000,000inJuly,1942,foranursery-schoolprogramforthechildrenofworkingmothers.Manystatesandlocalcommunities（15）thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar,inAugust,1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared（16）inday-carecentersreceivingFederal（17）.Soonafterward,theFederalgovernment（18）cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater（19）them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir（20）attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.

问题1选项

A.latter

B.late

C.other

D.first

问题2选项

A.those

B.them

C.whose

D.whom

问题3选项

A.impetus

B.input

C.imitation

D.initiative

问题4选项

A.sources

B.abundance

C.shortage

D.reduction

问题5选项

A.hardly

B.entirely

C.only

D.even

问题6选项

A.Because

B.As

C.Since

D.Although

问题7选项

A.unanimously

B.sharply

C.predominantly

D.militantly

问题8选项

A.therefore

B.consequently

C.however

D.moreover

问题9选项

A.over

B.in

C.at

D.about

问题10选项

A.formulating

B.patenting

C.labeling

D.licensing

问题11选项

A.outset

B.outbreak

C.breakthrough

D.breakdown

问题12选项

A.again

B.thus

C.repeatedly

D.yet

问题13选项

A.circumstance

B.occasion

C.case

D.situation

问题14选项

A.regulation

B.summoning

C.allocating

D.transferring

问题15选项

A.expanded

B.facilitated

C.supplemented

D.compensated

问题16选项

A.by

B.after

C.of

D.for

问题17选项

A.pensions

B.subsidies

C.revenues

D.budgets

问题18选项

A.prevalently

B.furiously

C.statistically

D.drastically

问题19选项

A.abolished

B.diminished

C.jeopardized

D.precluded

问题20选项

A.nurseries

B.homes

C.jobs

D.children

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:A

第11题:B

第12题:A

第13题:B

第14题:C

第15题:C

第16题:D

第17题:B

第18题:D

第19题:A

第20题:C

【解析】1.考查上下文语义。根据句意：美国第一家日托所建于1854年。日托所在各地普遍建立在19世纪的后期；其中大部分都是慈善事业。thelatterhalf为后半期，这当中half只能和latter搭配，因此选项A正确。

2.考查上下文语义。根据句意：美国第一家日托所建于1854年。日托所在各地普遍建立在19世纪的后期；其中大部分都是慈善事业。mostof后面要用人称代词，因此选项B正确。

3.考查语义关系。A选项impetus“动力、促进”；B选项input“投入”；C选项imitation“仿造、仿制品”；D选项initiative“主动权”。根据句意：在欧洲和美国，日间托儿所运动在第一次世界大战期间受到了很大的促进，当时劳动力短缺使得大量妇女就业。因此选项A正确。

4.考查语义关系。A选项sources“来源”；B选项abundance“丰富、充裕”；C选项shortage“短缺”；D选项reduction“减少”。根据句意：在欧洲和美国，日间托儿所运动在第一次世界大战期间受到了很大的促进，当时劳动力短缺使得大量妇女就业。因此选项C正确。

5.考查语义关系。根据句意：在一些欧洲国家的政府直接倡导下，甚至在军火工厂里也建立了日托所。Even符合题意，因此选项D正确。

6.考查语篇关系。根据句意：尽管美国托儿所的数目急剧增长，但并未得到政府的任何资助。分析全句，这是一个让步状语从句，故应用连词although，因此选项D正确。

7.考查语义关系。A选项unanimously“全体一致的”；B选项sharply“急剧地”；C选项predominantly“主要的、占主导地位的”；D选项militantly“好战的、激进的”。根据句意：尽管美国托儿所的数目急剧增长，但并未得到政府的任何资助。四个选项中只有sharply“急剧地”合适，因此选项B正确。

8.考查语篇关系。根据句意：然而在第一次世界大战之后的几年中，联邦政府和地方政府开始采取措施，主要通过规范化来管理托儿所。本句在语气上是转折的，要选副词however，因此选项C正确。

9.考查结构搭配。control与over搭配，其他的选项语义不合题意。句意为：然而在第一次世界大战之后的几年中，联邦政府和地方政府开始采取措施，主要通过规范化来管理托儿所。因此选项A正确。

10.考查语义关系。A选项formulating“规范”；B选项patenting“取得专利权”；C选项labeling“贴标签、标记”；D选项licensing“许可、特许”。根据句意：主要通过规范化来管理托儿所。因此选项A正确。

11.考查名词辨析。A选项outset“开端、开始”；B选项outbreak“爆发”；C选项breakthrough“突破”；D选项breakdown“崩溃、故障”。根据句意应是第二次世界大战的爆发。因此选项B正确。

12.考查语篇关系。根据句意：随着第二次世界大战的爆发，几乎各国托儿所的数量都增长得很快，妇女又一次被号召在工厂中代替男人。与第一次世界大战的情况相呼应，所以填again。因此选项A正确。

13.考查结构搭配。选项中的四个名词只有occasion可以与介词on搭配，其意义也与句意相吻合，句意为：这次，美国政府立即支持保育员学校，于1942年7月拨款600万美元。因此选项B正确。

14.考查语义关系。A选项regulate“管制、调节”；B选项summon“召集、召唤”；C选项allocate“分派、分配”；D选项transfer“转移、调动”。根据句意“拨款(allocate)600万美元”。因此选项C正确。

15.考查动词辨析。A选项expanded“膨胀、扩充”；B选项facilitated“使容易、使便利”；C选项supplemented“补充”；D选项compensated“补偿、偿还”。根据句意：许多州和地方团体对联邦政府资助进行补充。因此选项C正确。

16.考查固定搭配。动词care与介词for搭配，表示照料的意思。句意为：一百多万儿童在接受联邦津贴的日托中心里受到照顾。因此选项D正确。

17.考查名词辨析。A选项pensions“养老金、退休金”；B选项subsidies“补助金、津贴”；C选项revenues“收入、税收”；D选项budgets“预算”。根据句意：一百多万儿童在接受联邦津贴的日托中心里受到照顾。因此选项B正确。

18.考查语义关系。A选项prevalently“普遍地、流行地”；B选项furiously“狂暴地、猛烈地”；C选项statistically“统计上地”；D选项drastically“激烈地、彻底地”。句意为：联邦政府大幅度地削减这项支出，并在后来将其废止。因此选项D正确。

19.考查语义关系。A选项abolished“废除”；B选项diminished“使减少、变小”；C选项jeopardized“危害”；D选项precluded“排除”。与前一句相呼应，前面说“大幅度地削减”，后来自然是“废止（abolished）”。句意为：联邦政府大幅度地削减这项支出，并在后来将其废止。因此选项A正确。

20.考查语义关系。根据句意：然而，让大多数被雇佣的母亲离开她们的工作，这一愿望在战后得到部分的实现。因此选项C正确。

15.单选题

Lastyear,thegovernmentaskedtheUniversityofNottinghamtocarryoutresearchontheskillsofuniversitystudents.Thefindingsconfirmthedisquietofemployersatthelackofbasicskillstheyobserveinsomegraduates.Britishuniversitieshaveusuallyadmittedonlythebeststudents,soitissurprisingtoreadaboutthesefindings.

Theresearchshowedthatlessthanoneuniversitystudentinfiveachievesthelevelsexpectedofbright18-year-oldsinallthreeofthekeyskillsofcommunication,theapplicationofnumber,andinformationtechnology(IT).

Somehavearguedthattherearetwootherkeyskillareaswherestudentsmightbeexpectedtoshowsomeability-improvingtheirownlearning,andworkingwithothers.Ifweaddintheseskillareas,theresearchshowsthatonlyaboutadozenstudentsamongnearlytwohundredtestedacrosstenuniversitiesscoredtopmarks.

Notmanyuniversitiesfocusonthesegeneral,basicskills.Indeed,manyuniversitiesassumethattheirhighly-qualifiedifincomingstudentshavealltheseskills.Butaretheyrighttoassumethat?Iftheyarenot,thenuniversityeducatorsmayhavetostartpayingmoreattentiontodevelopingsuchskillsthantheyhaveinthepast.

Itisofcoursepossibletogetagooddegree,evenfromatopclassuniversity,andnotnecessarilyifhaveall-roundskillsnecessaryforoperatinginemploymentandeverydaysituations.SomegraduatesarenotgoodatIT;othershavedifficultyintheapplicationofnumberskills.Manyarepoorincommunicationskillsinspeech,orwriting,orboth.Forexample,manyemployersnotethatevenhighly-qualifiedgraduateshavedifficultyingivingaclearexplanationofsomethingtheyunderstandtoagroupofpeoplelistening.

Achievementoftheseskillsisnotnormallyrequiredinhighschool;however,onemightexpectsstudentstobebetterintheseskillsthantheyare.

TheresultsfromtheUniversityofNottinghamsurveyneedto-betreatedwithsomecare:thesamplewassmall,andweonlyassessedstudentswhocouldbepresentatcertaintimesoftheday;wewerenotabletoassesseveryaspectofeveryskill.(Butevenifwedoubledthenumberofstudentstestedwhoachievedlevel3onourtests-justbelowtheminimumlevelrequiredbyemployerstwothirdsoffirstyearstudentswouldnotnutachievetheseminimumlevels.

Eachofthestudentstookpartinatwo-and-a-halfhourassessmentsession.Duringthissessiontheycompletedpencilandpapertests.Theyalsodidagroupexerciseandpresentation,duringwhichtheyhadtoworkwithothers,andtheneachinturnpresentanoralreport.Inaddition,theywereaskedtocompleteaself-reportquestionnairecoveringtheirknowledgeandexperienceofIT.

Manywouldarguethatbeingbrilliantinanyoneortwooftheseskillsisnotenough,studentsshouldreallyhaveanall-roundabilityinalltheseskillareas.Thestoryismuchlessencouragingwhenwelookatsuccessinacombinationofskills.Onlyaboutfivepercentofthosesampledachievedacceptablelevelsinallfiveskillareas.

Thefactisthatuniversitycoursesvaryagreatdeal.Insomeinstances,theyallowstudentstodoverywellatcertainthingsthatarehighlyvaluedwithintheiracademicfielD.However,thesequalitiesmaynottransfereasilytoothersituations.Manyemployersgotoparticularinstitutions,andparticulardegreesubjectshopingtofindthekindofgraduatetheywant.Thegovernmentisnowconsideringwaysinwhichtrainingintheseskillscanbebuiltintoeverydegreeprogrammedoffered.

Thismaystrikefearintotheheartsofmanyuniversitylecturers,whoarealreadyhavingtocopewithmuchgreaterdemandsontheirteachingandresearchskills.However,thereisreasontobelievethatsomeinstitutionsarealreadydealingwiththeproblem,andwithsomesuccess.Forexample,theUniversityofLoughborough(nearNottingham)hasanexcellentprogrammeinstudyandITskills,andtheUniversitychecksonstudents'skillsastheyproceedthroughtheircourses.Theseuniversitiesnowrealizethatbasicskillsnotonlyhelptheirstudentstolearnmoreeffectively,theyalsomakethemmoreemployableoncetheyhavelefttheuniversity.

1.Whatarethebasicskillsoftheuniversitygraduates?

2.Somearguedthatotherbasicskillslike（）arealsoexpected.

3.Usually,achievementofthesebasicskillsisnotnormallyrequiredin（）.

4.WhyshouldtheresultsfromtheUniversityofNottinghamsurveybetreatedwithsomecare?

5.Howmuchpercentofthesampledachievedacceptablelevelinallfiveskillsareasaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Communication

B.Applicationofnumber

C.Informationtechnology

D.Alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.theabilitytoimprovetheirownlearning

B.theabilitytomakeindependentdecision

C.theabilitytoexplainsomethingclearly

D.theabilityofpassingpapertests

问题3选项

A.colleges

B.highschools

C.communication

D.graduate

问题4选项

A.Thesurveyisnotaccurate

B.Thesurveyisnotacceptedbythepublic

C.Mostofthestudentsaretopstudentsintheuniversity

D.Thesurveyonlyassessedasmallpartofthestudents.

问题5选项

A.6%

B.5%

C.30%

D.44%

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词basicskills可以定位到文章第中“Theresearchshowedthatlessthanoneuniversitystudentinfiveachievesthelevelsexpectedofbright18-year-oldsinallthreeofthekeyskillsofcommunication,theapplicationofnumber,andinformationtechnology(IT).”中文翻译为：研究表明，在沟通、应用数字和信息技术这三项关键技能方面，只有不到五分之一的大学生达到了18岁聪明学生的期望水平。可以得知这三项都是大学生的基本技能。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段中“Somehavearguedthattherearetwootherkeyskillareaswherestudentsmightbeexpectedtoshowsomeability_improvingtheirownlearning,andworkingwithothers.”中文翻译为：―些人认为，在其他两个关键技能领域中，学生可能会表现出一定的能力,提高自己的学习能力，以及与他人合作。可以得知A选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中“Achievementoftheseskillsisnotnormallyrequiredinhighschool”中文翻译为：高中通常不要求取得这些技能。以及“however,onemightexpectsstudentstobebetterintheseskillsthantheyare.”，中文翻译为：然而，人们可能会期望学生在这些技能上比他们更好。可以得知B选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“betreatedwithsomecare”可以定位到文章中“TheresultsfromtheUniversityofNottinghamsurveyneedtobetreatedwithsomecare:thesamplewassmall,andweonlyassessedstudentswhocouldbepresentatcertaintimesoftheday;wewerenotabletoassesseveryaspectofeveryskill.”中文翻译为：诺丁汉大学的调查结果需要谨慎对待：样本很小，我们只对一天中可能出现在某一时间的学生进行评估；我们无法评估每项技能的每个方面。可以得知D选项符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由题干关键词achievedacceptablelevel可以定位到文章中“Onlyaboutfivepercentofthosesampledachievedacceptablelevelsinallfiveskillareas”中文翻译为：在所有五个技能领域中，只有大约5%的样本达到了可接受的水平。可以得知B选项符合题意。

16.单选题

The（

）ofelectroniccomputershasopenedupnewwaysofdataanalysisforthescientists.

问题1选项

A.advert

B.adverse

C.advent

D.advise

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项advert作名词表示“广告，宣传”，作不及物动词表示“引起注意，提到”；B选项adverse“不利的，有害的”是形容词；C选项advent“（重要事件、人物、发明等的）出现，到来”是名词；D选项advise“劝告，忠告，建议”是动词。由“the+名词+of”及句意可知选C。句意：电子计算机的出现为科学家们开辟了新的数据分析方法。

17.单选题

Allsocietieshavedistinctroleexpectationsformenandforwomen.IntheUnitedStates,theseexpectationshavebeenundergoingchangeformanydecades.TodayAmericansliveinaworldofdiversefamilypatternsandconflictingimagesofideallifestylesformenandwomen.Theconventionalnormsofthefirsthalfcenturydefinedasuccessfulwomanasawifeandmotherwhostayedhometocarryoutafullarrayofhouseholdduties.Thehusbandandfatherwasexpectedtostayawayfromthehomemostoftheday,earningenoughmoneytopaythebills.Manyadultsstilllivebytheseexpectations,butthetraditionalpatternisnolongerheldupasanidealtobefollowedbyeveryone.Timeshavechanged;thereisnoreturntoyesterday.

Althoughthewomen’smovementandpoliticalcontroversiesaboutsuchissuesandtheEqualRightsAmendmentandsexualharassmentsuggestthatchangingsexrolesisarecentissue,thisisfarfromthecase.Broadtrendscanbeidentifiedoverthepasthundredyears.Womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforcefrom18%in1900toover50%today,andtheygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomendidinthepast.In1910thebirthratewas30per1,000population;bythe1900sithaddeclinedto16per1,000.Thesetwotrends—increasingparticipationinthelaborforceanddecreasing