考研考博-英语-天府新区航空旅游职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天府新区航空旅游职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelouslyrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

问题1选项

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleams

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。glance扫视，强调动作的快速性；glimpse一瞥，粗略地一看，强调快速但不完整的“一瞥”；glare怒视，强调目不转睛地“注视”；gleam闪光，瞬息的一现，还可指情感流露。根据句意可知，选项B更符合语境。

2.不定项选择题

Scientistsarehopingtoeliminatemalaria（疟疾）bydevelopingageneticallymodifiedmosquitothatcannottransmitthedisease.MalariahaslongtroubledthepopulationsofSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsia,wheremosquitobitesinfectupto500millionpeopleayearwiththisseriousandsometimesfatalparasiticblooddisease.Forgenerations,scientistshavebeentryingtoeliminatemalariabydevelopingnewdrugsandusingpesticide（杀虫剂）towipeoutlocalmosquitopopulations.Butthesemeasuresaren’tworking—andsomescientist,likeGregLanzaro,saythatbecauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago.Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease.

Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears.“Wecangetforeignintomosquitoesandtheygowherethey’resupposedtogo,”Lanzarosays,pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice.Andhesays,scientistsarequicklymakingprogressongenesthatblocktransmissionofthediseasetohumansaswell.

Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations.Afterall,hepointsout;it’suselesstoengineermosquitoesinthelabthatcan’ttransmitmalariawhentherearemillionsoutinthewildthatcan.Tosolvethisproblem,LanzarowantstoloadupamobilepieceofDMAwiththemalaria-resistantgene,andtheninsertitintoagroupofmosquitoembryos.Themalaria-resistantgenewouldbeintegrateddirectlyintothemosquitoes’DNA,makingitimpossibleforthosemosquitoestotransmittheparasitethatcausesmalaria.Inthiswayasmallgroupoflab-raisedmosquitoescouldbereleasedintothewild,andbyinterbreedingwithwildmosquitoes,eventuallytransmitthebeneficialgenetotheentirepopulation.

61.Onereasonformalariatobemorewidespreadnowisthat（）.

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

62.Lanzaroishopefulthatinafewyearmancan（）.

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

63.Lanzaroisconfidentthatscientistcanblockthetransmissionsofmalariatohumansbecause（）.

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

64.WhatisthemostdifficultpartofLanzaro’sproject?

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

65.Accordingtothepassage,afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalariaisto（）.

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

问题1选项

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

问题2选项

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

问题3选项

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

问题4选项

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

问题5选项

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由malariatobemorewidespread定位到文章第一段倒数第二句“…becauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago”，由于耐药性和人口变化，疟疾现在实际上比20年前更流行。由此可知，疟疾的流行与其耐药性有关。A选项“morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas”，意为“更多的人搬到疟疾感染地区”，这是疟疾变得更流行后的结果，它导致了更多的人住在疟疾感染地区；B选项“mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides”意为“蚊子已对杀虫剂产生了抗药性”，蚊子就是疟疾的传播者，蚊子对杀虫剂产生耐药性，所以疟疾传播得更广；C选项“geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease”意为“转基因蚊子仍然传播这种疾病”，原文中科学家们试图通过转基因的蚊子来消灭疟疾，这些转基因蚊子是不能传播疾病的；D选项“mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear”意为“蚊子每年叮咬多达5亿人”，这是现状不是导致的原因。因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:判断推理题。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第一句“Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears”，兰萨罗和他的同事们正在计划一个长期的项目来制造抗疟疾的蚊子，他认为他们可以在5年内做到。由此可知，兰萨罗正计划消灭疟疾。A选项“starttoeliminatemalaria”，意为“开始消灭疟疾”，与原文相符；B选项“cureparasiticblooddiseases”意为“治疗寄生虫性血液病”，与原文不符，兰萨罗不是治疗疾病而是寻找消灭疟疾的办法；C选项“preventmicefromtransmittingparasites”意为“防止老鼠传播寄生虫”，与原文不符，原文中是蚊子不会传播寄生虫给老鼠；D选项“acquireimmunityagainstmalaria”意为“获得抗疟疾免疫力”，原文并未提及抗疟疾免疫力。因此A选项符合题意。

第3题:判断推理题。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第二句“…pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice”，他指出，科学家已经成功地对蚊子进行了基因改造，使它们不会将疟疾传播给鸟类和老鼠。由此可知，科学家在鸟类和老鼠身上已经取得了成功，蚊子不会传播寄生虫到它们身上。A选项“naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange”，意为“蚊子的自然数量不会改变”，原文未提及蚊子数量的变化；B选项“scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice”意为“科学家已经在鸟类和老鼠身上取得了成功”，与原文相符；C选项“foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired”意为“外来基因总是去需要它们的地方”，与原文不符，原文是让外来基因进入蚊子体内；D选项“lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs”意为“实验室饲养的蚊子不会对药物产生抗药性”，原文并未提及实验室蚊子的抗药性。因此B选项符合题意。

第4题:事实细节题。由mostdifficultpart定位到文章第三段第一句“Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations”，兰萨罗说，科学上最困难的部分是弄清楚如何让实验室改造的蚊子将它们的基因传播到自然种群中。由此可知，将抗疟疾基因传播到蚊子的自然种群中是兰萨罗面对的难题。A选项“Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations”，意为“将抗疟疾基因传播到天然蚊子种群中”，与原文相符；B选项“Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes”意为“培育抗疟疾的蚊子”，原文中实验室已经培育出抗疟疾的蚊子；C选项“Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria”意为“制造阻止疟疾传播的基因”，与原文不符，原文中实验室已经能制造抗疟疾的基因；D选项“Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes”意为“识别抗疟疾基因”，原文中实验室可以将抗疟疾基因插入蚊子胚胎，说明识别抗疟疾基因不是难题。因此A选项符合题意。

第5题:判断推理题。由afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalaria定位到文章第一段最后一句“Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease”，兰萨罗说，他有一个更好的方法来阻止疟疾的传播：对蚊子进行基因改造，使它们无法携带这种疾病。由此可知，改变蚊子的基因，使它们携带抗疟疾基因是阻止疟疾传播的有效办法。C选项“changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes”意为“改变蚊子的基因组成”与原文相符。A选项“developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs”，意为“开发新的抗疟疾药物”，B选项“produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes”意为“生产有效的杀虫剂杀死蚊子”和D选项“removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas”意为“将人移出疟疾感染地区”，这三种办法原文均没有提及。因此C选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Theworkwasalmostcompletewhenwereceivedordersto（

）nofurtherwithit.

问题1选项

A.progress

B.proceed

C.march

D.promote

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。progress意为“进步”；proceed意为“进行”。proceedwith意为“继续做”；march意为“”（坚定地向某地）前进；promote意为“促进，推进”。

句意：当我们接到命令不再继续进行下去时，这项工作几乎完成了。

4.单选题

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite（）andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

问题1选项

A.snatchup

B.catchon

C.summonup

D.watchout

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查固定词组的含义,四个选项中,snatchup夺取,抢夺;catchon理解,多用于口语中；summonup振作,鼓起;watchout保持警觉,小心。句意：约翰说他不是很理解,让我再重复一遍说过的话。因此,本题选B。

5.单选题

Corntariffs,whichthediplomathaddismissedas______issue,turnedouttobepertinentand______inthenegotiationsforanewtradeagreement.

问题1选项

A.anapt…pusillanimous

B.anaberrant...indomitable

C.atangential…trenchant

D.aningenious…acclaimed

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.anapt…pusillanimous恰当的，灵敏的……胆怯的，懦弱的B.anaberrant...indomitable违反常规的，反常的……不屈不挠的

C.atangential…trenchant切线的，离题的……尖刻的，苛刻的D.aningenious…acclaimed有独创性的，机灵的……受到赞扬的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“玉米关税曾被这位外交官斥为______事情，现在在新贸易协定的谈判中被证明是有意义的和______”可知，玉米关税现在被证明是有意义的，说明之前被认为是“不合常理的”，第一个空格填入anaberrant符合句意；第二个空格与pertinent为并列成分，可知第二个空格表示积极的意义，综合理解可知该题选择B项最恰当。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】玉米关税曾被这位外交官斥为一件违反常规的事情，现在在新贸易协定的谈判中被证明是有意义的、不可动摇的。

6.单选题

Thepresidentmadea（

）speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportsmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.

问题1选项

A.vigorous

B.tedious

C.flat

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】句意:校长在运动会的开幕式上做了慷慨激昂的演讲，这极大地鼓舞了运动员们。

考查形容词辨析。vigorous充满活力的，精力充沛的;tedious冗长的，啰唆的，单调乏味的；flat平淡的，单调的，平坦的；harsh严酷的，严厉的，恶劣的。根据后半句句意可知A正确。

7.单选题

Therepublicationofthepoet’smostrecentworksWUlcertainly（

）hisnationalreputation.

问题1选项

A.magnify

B.strengthen

C.enlarge

D.enhance

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义动词辨析。magnify“放大，赞美”；strengthen“增强力量”；enlarge“扩大，使增大”；enhance“提高，增强（品质、吸引力）”。句意：这位诗人近期作品的再次出版会提升他在整个国家的声誉。指价值的提升。选项D符合题意。

8.翻译题

Familyis,ifanything,thelinkbetweengenerations,thefocalpointofsocialreproduction,andculturaltransmission.Thewholepointofmarriageisthatitimposesclearobligations,notjusttherighttopursueyourownhappiness.Andthemainobligationistoprovidebothemotionalandpracticalnurtureforchildren.Theglowofburningpassionmaywellhavefaded,yourloveforyourspousemaynotbeasexcitingorsatisfyingasitoncewas,butgoingoffinsearchofanotherlovewillnothelpyourchildren.TheLoveFamilyiseithertooamorphousforchildren,orit’stoounstable,with,adultsmovingoniftherelationshipnolongeranswerstheirsearch,forperfecthappiness.Iwouldventuretosuggestthatloveisnotenoughtosustainanongoingmaritalrelationship.TheLoveFamily,intheend,doesn'thavetocare.Andunfetteredfreedomwillbecomeourchain,leavinguswithnorecoursebutlonelyisolation.

【答案】如果硬要说什么的话，家庭是世代之间的纽带，是社会再生产和文化传播的焦点。婚姻的全部意义在于它强加了它的明确的义务，而不仅仅是追求自己幸福的权利。它主要的职责是为孩子们提供情感和实际的培养。激情燃烧的光芒可能已经消退，你对配偶的爱可能不像过去那么令人兴奋或满足，但去寻找另一种爱对你的孩子没有帮助。对于孩子来说，爱的家庭要么太不定形，要么太不稳定。如果这种关系不再满足他们对完美幸福的追求，成年人就会继续前进。我敢说，爱不足以维持一段持续的婚姻关系。爱的家庭，最终，不必在意。不受约束的自由将成为我们的枷锁，使我们没有任何依靠，只有孤独和孤立。

9.单选题

Behaviorisoneoftwogeneralresponsesavailabletoendothermic(warm-blooded)speciesfortheregulationofbodytemperature,theotherbeinginnate(reflexive)mechanismsofheatproductionandheatloss.Humanbeingsrelyprimarilyonthefirsttoprovideahospitablethermalmicroclimateforthemselves,inwhichthetransferofheatbetweenthebodyandtheenvironmentisaccomplishedwithminimalinvolvementofinnatemechanismsofheatproductionandloss.Thermoregulatorybehavioranticipateshyperthermia,andtheorganismadjustsitsbehaviortoavoidbecominghyperthermic:itremoveslayersofclothing,itgoesforacoolswim,etc.Theorganismcanalsorespondtochangesinthetemperatureofthebodycore,asisthecaseduringexercise;butsuchresponsesresultfromthedirectstimulationofthermoreceptorsdistributedwidelywithinthecentralnervoussystem,andtheabilityofthesemechanismstohelptheorganismadjusttogrosschangesinitsenvironmentislimited.

Untilrecentlyitwasassumedthatorganismsrespondtomicrowaveradiationinthesamewaythattheyrespondtotemperaturechangescausedbyotherformsofradiation.Afterall,theargumentruns,microwavesareradiationandheatbodytissues.Thistheoryignoresthefactthatthestimulustoabehavioralresponseisnormallyatemperaturechangethatoccursatthesurfaceoftheorganism.Thethermoreceptorsthatpromptbehavioralchangesarelocatedwithinthefirstmillimeteroftheskin’ssurface,buttheenergyofamicrowavefieldmaybeselectivelydepositedindeeptissues,effectivelybypassingthesethermoreceptors,particularlyifthefieldisatnear-resonantfrequencies.Theresultingtemperatureprofilemaywellbeakindofreversethermalgradientinwhichthedeeptissuesarewarmedmorethanthoseofthesurface.Sincetheheatisnotconductedoutwardtothesurfacetostimulatetheappropriatereceptors,theorganismdoesnot“appreciate”thisstimulationinthesamewaythatit“appreciates”heatingandcoolingoftheskin.Intheory,theinternalorgansofahumanbeingorananimalcouldbequiteliterallycookedwell-donebeforetheanimalevenrealizesthatthebalanceofitsthermomicroclimatehasbeendisturbed.

Untilafewyearsago,microwaveirradiationsatequivalentplane-wavepowerdensitiesofabout100mW/cm2wereconsideredunequivocallytoproduce“thermal”effects;irradiationswithintherangeof10to100mW/cm2mightormightnotproduce“thermal”effects;whileeffectsobservedatpowerdensitiesbelow10mW/cm2wereassumedtobe“nonthermal”innature.Experimentshaveshownthistobeanoversimplification,andarecentreportsuggeststhatfieldsasweakas1mW/cm2canbethermogenic.Whentheheatgeneratedinthetissuesbyanimposedradiofrequency(plustheheatgeneratedbymetabolism)exceedstheheat-losscapabilitiesoftheorganism,thethermoregulatorysystemhasbeencompromised.Yetsurprisingly,notlongago,anincreaseintheinternalbodytemperaturewasregardedmerelyas“evidence”ofathermaleffect.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Theauthormakeswhichofthefollowingpointsaboutinnatemechanismsforheatproduction?

3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostlogicaltopicfortheauthortotakeupintheparagraphfollowingthefinalparagraphoftheselection?

4.Theauthor’sstrategyinlines39-42isto（

）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthattheproponentsofthetheorythatmicrowaveradiationactsonorganismsinthesamewayasotherformsofradiationbasedtheirconclusionsprimarilyon（

）.

6.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

7.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

问题1选项

A.showingthatbehaviorisamoreeffectivewayofcontrollingbodilytemperaturethaninnatemechanisms

B.criticizingresearcherswhowillnotdiscardtheirtheoriesabouttheeffectsofmicrowaveradiationonorganisms

C.demonstratingthateffectsofmicrowaveradiationaredifferentfromthoseofotherformsofradiation

D.analyzingthemechanismbywhichanorganismmaintainsitsbodilytemperatureinachangingthermalenvironment

E.discussingtheimportanceofthermoreceptorsinthecontroloftheinternaltemperatureofanorganism

问题2选项

A.Ionly

B.IandIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,II,andIII

问题3选项

A.Asuggestionfornewresearchtobedoneontheeffectsofmicrowavesonanimalsandhumanbeings

B.Ananalysisofthedifferencesbetweenmicrowaveradiation

C.Aproposalthattheuseofmicrowaveradiationbeprohibitedbecauseitisdangerous

D.Asurveyoftheliteratureontheeffectsofmicrowaveradiationonhumanbeings

E.Adiscussionofthestrategiesusedbyvariousspeciestocontrolhyperthermia

问题4选项

A.introduceahypotheticalexampletodramatizeapoint

B.proposeanexperimenttotestascientifichypothesis

C.citeacasestudytoillustrateageneralcontention

D.produceacounterexampletodisproveanopponent’stheory

E.speculateabouttheprobableconsequencesofascientificphenomenon

问题5选项

A.laboratoryresearch

B.unfoundedassumption

C.controlgroupsurveys

D.deductivereasoning

E.causalinvestigation

问题6选项

A.genialandconversational

B.alarmedanddisparaging

C.facetiousandcynical

D.scholarlyandnoncommittal

E.scholarlyandconcerned

问题7选项

A.pointingoutweaknessesinapopularscientifictheory

B.developingahypothesistoexplainascientificphenomenon

C.reportingonnewresearchontheeffectsofmicrowaveradiation

D.criticizingtheresearchmethodsofearlierinvestigators

E.clarifyingambiguitiesintheterminologyusedtodescribeaphenomenon

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:E

第7题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文，发现作者讨论的重点是微波辐射产生的影响不同于其他种类的辐射。从而得出本题答案。

2.细节信息题。根据题干关键词“innatemechanismsforheatproduction”将信息点定位到原文第一段。“butsuchresponsesresultfromthedirectstimulationofthermoreceptorsdistributedwidelywithinthecentralnervoussystem（但这种反应是由分布在中枢神经系统内的热感受器的直接刺激引起的）”与I对应；“theabilityofthesemechanismstohelptheorganismadjusttogrosschangesinitsenvironmentislimited.（这些机制帮助有机体适应其环境的巨大变化的能力是有限的。）”与II对应。从而得出本题答案。

3.

细节推理题。根据题干关键词“takeupintheparagraphfollowingthefinalparagraphoftheselection”，将信息点定位到原文最后一段。根据“Yetsurprisingly,notlongago,anincreaseintheinternalbodytemperaturewasregardedmerelyas“evidence”ofathermaleffect.（然而，令人惊讶的是，就在不久前，体内温度的升高还仅仅被视为热效应的“证据”。）”即可得出本题答案。

4.

细节推断题。根据题干，定位到原文对应部分，即可得出本题答案。

5.

细节信息题。根据题干关键词“microwaveradiationinthesameway”“otherformsofradiation”,将信息点定位到原文第二段第一句。“Untilrecentlyitwasassumedthatorganismsrespondtomicrowaveradiationinthesamewaythattheyrespondtotemperaturechangescausedbyotherformsofradiation.（直到最近，人们还认为生物体对微波辐射的反应与它们对其他形式辐射引起的温度变化的反应是一样的。）”即可得出本题答案。

6.

观点态度题。通读全文，可发现作者行文时十分注重相关的学术研究，用词十分专业，并且对该问题十分关注。从而得出本题答案。

7.主旨大意题。通读全文，发现作者全篇讨论的是一个著名的科学理论，尤其是该理论的缺点及不足。从而得出本题答案。

10.单选题

YourParadiseusedtobeafinemagazine,butnowthatitthetasteofacompletelydifferentreadingpublicit（

）hasgonedowninquality.

问题1选项

A.deflectsfrom

B.flirtswith

C.catersto

D.hingeson

【答案】C

【解析】动词短语词义辨析题。A选项deflectfrom“从……偏斜”；B选项flirtwith“同…调情；不认真考虑”；C选项caterto“迎合…口味；为…服务”；D选项hingeon“取决于……；以……为转移”。根据句意‘你们的《天堂》杂志本应该是一本优秀的期刊，但是现在却来满足完全不同的公众阅读口味，从而导致明显下降的质量。’可知这里表示迎合公众阅读的口味，C选项正确。

11.翻译题

Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-roundedandhasbecomeincreasinglycompartmentalized.Isupposetheideaofvacations,asweconceiveit,mustbeincomprehensibletoprimitivepeoples.Restofsomekindhasofcoursealwaysbeenapartoftherhythmofhumanlife,butearlieragesdidnotfinditnecessarytoorganizeitinthewaythatmodernmanhasdone.Holidaysandfeastdaysweresufficient.

Withmodernman’sincreasingtensions,withthestultifyingqualityofsomuchofhiswork,thisbreakintheyear’sroutinebecamesteadilymorenecessary.Vacationsbecamemandatoryforthepurposeofrenewalandrepair.AndsoitcameaboutthatintheUnitedStates,themostself-indulgentofnations,themosttenseandcompartmentalized,vacationshavecometotakeapredominantplaceindomesticconversation.

【答案】现在度假比以前更有必要，因为现在一般人的生活不再像以前那样丰富多彩，而且变得越来越单调。我想原始人肯定不理解我们现在所想的休假。当然，某种方式的休息一直是人类生活节奏的一部分，但社会早期并不认为有必要像现代人那样安排休假。节日足以满足人们的需要。

随着现代人的情绪日益紧张，加之工作要求高，强度大，所以在一年的日常工作中进行休假变得越来越有必要。休假成为调节和修整心态的必要手段。因此，在美国这个最紧张单调的国家里，度假已经成为家庭闲谈的主要话题。

12.单选题

Afewmonthsofgrooming,mentorsandfounderscanthen（）hundredsofpeopletowatchtheircompany'sofficialintroductiontosociety.

问题1选项

A.summon

B.unite

C.gather

D.assemble

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项summon“召唤”，指运用权威或行使权力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某处，常用于正式的集会或公务等方面；B项untie“团结、合并”，指将两个或两个以上原本分散或对立的事物联合起来，或者指主动联合自己周围的人或物，使之围绕在自己身旁；C项gather“聚集”，多强调按照一定目的或计划有选择的使人或物聚集在一起；D项assemble“集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：经过几个月的培训后，导师和创始人可以召集数百人观看他们公司向社会的正式介绍。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Manyofthesametechniqueswerethesolutionofindustrial,scientificandmedicalproblems.

问题1选项

A.appliedfor

B.appliedto

C.applyingfor

D.applyingto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。applyfor申请；applyto适用于，应用于；技术应该是运用于某些解决方案中，故先排除AC两项。技术与解决方案之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，B项正确。句意：许多相同的技巧被运用到工业，科技和医疗问题的解决方案里。

14.单选题

Wehaveateamofprofessionalconsultantswhowillpartnerwithourclientstodevelop（）trainingcourses.

问题1选项

A.regularized

B.unified

C.specified

D.customized

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我们有一个专业的顾问团队,其将与我们的客户合作开发定制的培训课程。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。Regularized使有规则(regularize的过去式和过去分词),使有秩序,调整;unified使联合(unify的过去式和过去分词),使相同,使一致;specified指定(specify的过去式和过去分词),详述;提出…的条件;customized定制,定做(customize的过去式和过去分词)。故D符合句意。

15.单选题

Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas（）totheissueathand.

问题1选项

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.invalid

D.irrelevant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项irrational“不合理的，无理性的”；B选项unreasonable“不合理的，不切实际的”；C选项invalid“无效的，有病的”；D选项irrelevant“不相干的，不切题的”。句意：法官裁定该证据不可采信，因为它与手头的问题无关。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

16.单选题

His____withcomputersbegansixmonthsagoandhasspentmostofhissparetimeoncybergameseversince.

问题1选项

A.imagination

B.invocation

C.observation

D.obsession

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.imagination想象B.invocation祈求

C.observation观察D.obsession痴迷

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格处所在部分语义为“他对电脑的____”，原句后半段提到“他的大部分业余时间都花在了网络游戏上”，由此可知，他沉迷于玩电脑游戏，因此，D选项obsession“痴迷”符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】他对电脑的痴迷是6个月前开始的，从那以后，他大部分业余时间都花在了网络游戏上。

17.单选题

Doesusingawordprocessoraffectawriter’sstyle?Themediumusuallydoesdosomethingtothemessageafterall,evenifMarshallMcLuhan’sclaimthatthemediumsimplyisthemessagehasbeenheardandlargelyforgottennow.Thequestionmatters.RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.Thebest-knownrecruitisLenDeighton,fromaslongagoas1968,thoughmostusershaveonlystartedsincethemicrocomputerboombeganin1980.

Ironicallywordprocessingisinsomewayspsychologicallymorelikewritinginroughthantyping,sinceitrestoresfluidityandprovisionallytothetext.Thetypist’sdreadofhavingtogetoutthetippex,thescissorsandpaste,orofredoingthewholethingifhehasanysubstantialsecondthoughts,canmakehimconsistentlychoosethesaferoptioninhissentences,orletsomethingstandwhichheknowstobeunsatisfactoryorincomplete,outofweariness.Inwordprocessingthetextisloosenedupwhilststillretainingtheadvantageoflookingformallyfinished.

Thishas,Ithink,twoapparentlycontradictoryeffects.Theinitialwritingcanbecomeexcessivelysloppyandcareless,intheexpectationthatitwillbecorrectedlater.Thatcrucialfirstinspirationisnevereasytorecapture,though,andtherefore,ontheotherhand,thewritingcanbecomeover-deliberated,lackinginflowandspontaneity,sincerevisionbecomesalargepartofcomposition.However,thesearefaultseasiertodetectinothersthaninoneself.MyownexperienceofthesheerdifficultyofcommittinganywordsatalltothepagemeansI’mgratefulforallthehelpIcanget.

Formostwriters,wordprocessingquiterapidlycomestofeelliketheidealmethod(andcanalwaysbeasecondstepafterdraftingonpaperifyouprefer).MostofthewritersinterviewedbyHammondsayithasimprovedtheirstyle,(“immensely”，saysDeighton).Seeingyourownwordonascreenhelpsyoutofeelcoolanddetachedaboutthem.

Thusitisnotjustbyfreeingyoufromthelaborofmechanicalretypingthatawordprocessorcanhelpyoutowrite.Oneauthor(TerenceFeely)claimsithasincreasedhisoutputby400%.Possiblythefeelingofhavingareactivemachine,whichappearstodothings,ratherthanjusthavethingsdonewithit,accountsforthis—yourslaveworkshardandsodoyou.

Aretherenodrawbacks?Itcostsalotandtakestimetolearn—“expecttoloseweeksofwork”，saysHammond,thoughdaysmightbenearerthemark.Notoriouslyitispossibletoloseworkaltogetheronawordprocessor,andthishappenstoeverybodyatleastonce.Theawarenessthatwhatyouhavewrittennolongerexistsanywhereatall,isunbelievablyenragingandbaffling.

Willwordprocessinggenerallyraisethelevelofprofessionalwritingthen?Doesitmakewritersbetteraswellasmoreproductive?Thoughallusersinsistithasdonesoforthemindividually,thisishardtobelieve.Butreliancehappensfast.

1.WhatappearstobechangingrapidlyinBritainandtheUSA?

2.Typingamanuscriptintheconventionalmannermaymakeawriter（

）.

3.Oneeffectofusingawordprocessormaybethattheongoingrevisionofatext

（

）.

4.Itisclaimedherethatwordprocessorscreate

（

）.

5.Asfaraslearningtouseawordprocessorisconcerned,theauthorofthepassagefeelsthatHammond（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thestylewritersareemploying.

B.Thewaynewwritersarebeingrecruited.

C.Themediumauthorsareusing.

D.Themessageauthorsareputtingforward.

问题2选项

A.havealotofsecondthoughts

B.becomeovercriticalofhisorherwork

C.makemoremistakes

D.takefewrisks

问题3选项

A.isdonewithtoolittleattention

B.producesasloppyeffect

C.failstoproduceafluentstyle

D.doesnotencourageonetopickupmistakes

问题4选项

A.afeelingofdistancebetweenawriterandhisorherwork

B.theillusionthatyouaretheservantofthemachine

C.asensationofpower

D.areluctanceintheauthortoexpresshimselforherself

问题5选项

A.isunderstatingtheproblem

B.exaggeratesonedrawback

C.istooskepticalabouttheadvantage

D.overestimatesthedangeroflosingtext

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.（RayHammond在他的优秀指南《作家和文字处理者》中预测，到1985年底，英国和美国超过一半的专业作家将使用文字处理器）可知C选项“作家使用的工具”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词typing定位到文章第二段中，由Thetypist’sdreadofhavingtogetoutthetippex,thescissorsandpaste,orofredoingthewholethingifhehasanysubstantialsecondthoughts,canmakehimconsistentlychoosethesaferoptioninhissentences（打字最害怕的是要涂改、删减和增加，或者如果他有任何实质性的想法，就会重新做整件事，这会使作者始终选择更安全的句子表达）可知用传统的方式打字会使作者不愿冒险大胆写作而选择安全的表达，因此D选项“不冒风险”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词revisionofatext定位到文章第三段中，由Thatcrucialfirstinspirationisnevereasytorecapture,though,andtherefore,ontheotherhand,thewritingcanbecomeover-deliberated,lackinginflowandspontaneity,sincerevisionbecomesalargepartofcomposition.（然而，这种至关重要的第一灵感总是不容易被重新获得的，因此，从另一方面来说，写作可能会变得过于深思熟虑，缺乏流动性和自发性，因为修订成为作品的一大部分）可知C选项“无法产生流畅的风格”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Seeingyourownwordonascreenhelpsyoutofeelcoolanddetachedaboutthem.（在屏幕上看到你自己的文字，会让你感到冷静和超然）可知A选项“作家与作品之间的距离