考研考博-英语-宁夏理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Butasthewinterwenton,Ifounditharderandhardertowithdraw—eitherfromtheeventswereadandheardabout,orfromthezealthatseizedthestudentsintheseminar.

问题1选项

A.enthusiasm

B.motivation

C.evidence

D.process

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.enthusiasm热情，热忱B.motivation动力

C.evidence证明，证据D.process（为达到某一目标的）过程，进程

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】zeal的意思为“热情，激情”，指的是研讨会上学生们的热情，enthusiasm与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】但随着冬天的到来，我发现自己越来越难以从我们读到和听到的事件中抽身，也越来越难以从研讨会上学生们的热情中抽身。

2.单选题

You______alltheseparcelsyourself.Theshopwouldhavedeliveredthemifyouhadaskedashopassistant.

问题1选项

A.didn’tneedtocarry

B.needn’thavecarried

C.needn’tcarry

D.didn’tneedcarry

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。后面的句子用了if虚拟语气，由此可知前面句子是事实，那么前面的句子意思应该是“你本不需要亲自拿包裹”，表示本不必做但事实上已经做了，needn’thavedone（本不必做）正符合句意。句意：你本不必亲自拿这些包裹的。如果你叫售货员，商店就会替你邮寄他们的。故正确答案为B。

3.单选题

Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeteriorates(变坏)astheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquent(犯法的)andsexuallyprecocious(早熟).Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.

Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.

Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises(大楼及附属建筑物).ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporal(肉体的)punishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Nevertheless,banningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremises,atleastnotinfrontofchildren.

1.Inthispassagetheauthorputsanemphasison______.

2.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncharacteristicofyoungsmokers?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thewriterconcludesthatschoolrulestoforbidsmoking______.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardshiswritingis______.

问题1选项

A.theeffectofsmokingamongchildren

B.thedifficultyinpreventingchildrenfromsmoking

C.thereasonswhychildrenstartsmokingamongchildren

D.themeasurestobansmokingamongchildren

问题2选项

A.Disobedience.

B.Laziness.

C.Lackofintelligence.

D.Vanity.

问题3选项

A.Somechildrenstarttosmokeoutofcuriosity.

B.Manychildrenstarttosmokebecausetheywanttoappearmature.

C.Inordertohavefewerchildrensmokers,parents,teachersandhealthcareworkersshouldnotsmoke.

D.Itisnotasdifficulttopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokeastodissuadeadultsfromsmoking.

问题4选项

A.shouldbeintroduced,foritreallyworksattheschoolwhereheoncestudied

B.shouldnotbeintroduced,foritmaycausedisturbance

C.shouldbeintroducedthoughitmaynotworkeffectively

D.needn’tbeintroducedaslongasteachersdon’tsmokeinfrontofchildren

问题5选项

A.objective

B.emotional

C.critical

D.indifferent

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头介绍了吸烟儿童的特点，接着介绍了导致儿童吸烟的因素，最后指出防止儿童吸烟非常困难，需要各界做出许多努力，结合全文可知文章的重点应该是放在防止儿童吸烟的困难上的。因此B选项“防止儿童吸烟的困难”正确。A选项“儿童吸烟的影响”，C选项“儿童开始吸烟的原因”，D选项“禁止儿童吸烟的措施”均不是文章的重点，需要A,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious（与不吸烟的人相比，他们更叛逆），说明吸烟的儿童更叛逆，更不听话。因此A选项“不听话”正确。B选项“懒惰”，C选项“缺少智慧”，D选项“虚荣”在文中均没有提及，所以B,C,D错误。

3.客观细节题。A选项“有些孩子开始吸烟是出于好奇心”，B选项“许多孩子开始吸烟是因为他们想显得成熟”，由原文Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood（这些因素包括是否有香烟、好奇心、叛逆、显得强硬、对成年的期待）可知，好奇心和想显得成熟属于儿童吸烟的原因，A,B选项表述正确，排除A,B。C选项“为了让更少的儿童吸烟，父母、教师和卫生保健人员不应该吸烟”，由原文Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.（权威人士，特别是父母、卫生保健工作者和教师树立的榜样至关重要。）可知，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“防止儿童开始吸烟并不像劝阻成人吸烟那样困难”，由原文Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.（防止儿童开始吸烟应该比说服成年人戒掉吸烟的习惯要容易得多，但事实证明这是非常困难的。）可知，防止儿童开始吸烟比劝阻成年人吸烟更困难，D选项不符合原文，所以本题选D。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三、四句Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises.ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporalpunishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.（校规应该禁止儿童在校内吸烟。这条规定已被引入夏山学校，在那里我推行了我的规定，甚至在那些试图通过体罚来强制禁止吸烟的学校，吸烟的人数也和其他学校一样多。），说明禁止吸烟的校规可能作用不大，但作者还是坚持引入这条规定。因此C选项“应该引入，尽管它可能不会有效地发挥作用”正确。A选项“应该实行，因为这在他曾经就读的学校里确实有效”，B选项“不应该实行，因为它可能会引起骚乱”，D选项“只要教师不在孩子面前吸烟，就不需要引入”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,D错误。

5.观点态度题。结合全文可知，文章客观分析了吸烟儿童的特点、原因，和为了防止儿童吸烟可以采取的措施，整篇文章的态度是客观的，不带有主观褒贬或个人感情色彩。因此A选项“客观的”正确。B选项“感性的”，C选项“批判的”，D选项“无动于衷的”均不符合题意，所以B,C,D错误。

4.单选题

TheStoicsandtheEpicureans,however（

）intherestoftheirsystems,agreedinholdingthemselvesboundtoprovethattheirrespectivemaximsofconductwerethedictatesofnature.

问题1选项

A.irresponsible

B.irreconcilable

C.irreproachable

D.irremediable

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。irresponsible“不可靠的”；irreconcilable“矛盾的”；irreproachable“无可指责的”；irremediable“不能挽回的”。句意：斯多葛学派和伊壁鸠鲁派在其余的体系中是矛盾的，但是他们一致认为必须证明他们各自的行为准则是符合自然要求的。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Scarcelyhadtheboatreachedtheopenwater____itencounteredhighwindsandheavyseas.

问题1选项

A.than

B.as

C.when

D.since

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.than比B.as当……时候

C.when当……时候D.since自从……时候

【答案】C

【考查点】固定搭配

【解题思路】句首有scarcely“几乎不”，并且scarcely引导的句子使用了过去完成时，句意为“船驶到开阔的水域”；空格处为后半句的引导词，引导的句子使用的是一般过去时，句意为“它遇到了大风浪”，由此可知，本题考查的是固定搭配scarcely…when…“一……就……”。因此，C选项when“当……时候”符合要求。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句搭配。

【句意】船刚开到开阔的水域，就遇到了大风浪。

6.单选题

TheUnitedNationswassupposedto（）theroleofglobalpeace-keeper.

问题1选项

A.contend

B.nurture

C.carve

D.undertake

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contend“竞争”；B选项nurture“养育”；C选项carve“雕刻”；D选项undertake“承担”。句意：联合国应该承担全球维护和平的角色。本句表示承担维护和平的角色。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Inbusinessto-businessmarkets,salesofsomesoftwareproductslanguishbecausenotenoughindependentsoftwarevendorswriteapplications.

问题1选项

A.advertise

B.last

C.decline

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.advertise（为……）做广告；登广告B.last持续

C.decline减少；下降D.dominate支配；控制

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息becausenotenoughindependentsoftwarevendorswriteapplications（由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序）可推知，salesofsomesoftwareproductslanguish指的是软件产品的销量下降，languish在句中表示“下降”，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】在企业对企业的市场中，由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序，一些软件产品的销售受到影响。

8.单选题

Assoonasheopenedthedoor,a（）ofcoldairsweptthroughthehouse.

问题1选项

A.flow

B.movement

C.rush

D.blast

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项flow“滔滔不绝，连贯”，aflowof“源源不断的”，例句：Deliveryourwordslikeaflowofwater.Speaktothepoint,beclearandmaintaincontinuity.（你的话语要像流水一样顺畅，语言要中肯、简洁，并保持连贯性。）；B选项movement“运动，活动”；C选项rush“冲进，匆促”，arushof“一阵”，例句：Arushofpureaffectionsweptoverhim.（一股强烈的真爱掠过了他的心田。）；D选项blast“冲击波，一阵”，ablastof“一阵风”，例句：Ablastofhotairhitusaswesteppedofftheplane.（我们下飞机时，一股热浪向我们袭来。）。句意：他一打开门，一股冷空气就吹进了屋子。此处体现突然涌入的寒气，故D选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality;photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart:lateinthetwentiethcenturyanambivalentrelationexistsbecauseofthemodernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentrationonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPopduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.Classicalmodernistpainting---thatisabstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,CandinskyandMatisse---presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart,photography,likePoppainting,andreassuresviewersthatartisnothard:photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity---inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinthesecondparagraph？(Thesentenceinitalics.)

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(inthethirdparagraph)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thenineteenth——centurydefendersofphotographymentionedinthepassagestressedthatphotographywas（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

6.Accordingtothepassage,certainseriouscontemporaryphotographersexpresslymakewhichofthefollowingclaimsabouttheirphotographs?

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）

问题1选项

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

问题2选项

A.paradoxical

B.mechanical

C.superficial

D.dramatic

问题3选项

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideacontrasttoPopartistsandotherswhocreatedworksthatexemplifytheModernistheritageinart

问题4选项

A.ameansofmakingpeoplefamiliarwithremotelocalesandunfamiliarthings

B.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity

C.adeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially

D.anartcomparabletopainting

问题5选项

A.Thephotographers’beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrendersoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers’fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers’beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

问题6选项

A.Theirphotographscouldbecreatedbyalmostanyonewhohadacameraandthetimetodevotetotheactivity.

B.Theirphotographsarenotexamplesofartbutareexamplesofthephotographers’impartialobservationoftheworld.

C.Theirphotographsareimportantbecauseoftheirsubjectsbutnotbecauseoftheresponsestheyevokeinviewers.

D.Theirphotographsexhibitthesameagelessprinciplesofformandshadingthathavebeenusedinpainting

问题7选项

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutnomeansanart

C.mechanicalcopyingofreality

D.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingalmsofart

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:B

第7题:A

【解析】1.文章主旨题。A选项‘界定现代主义者对艺术的态度‘、B选项’解释摄影是如何作为美术出现的‘和D选项’界定当代严肃摄影家对待他们艺术所具有的各种观点，并评定每种观点的价值‘这三项只是文内提到的某些方面，不是主要的。C选项’说明当代严肃的摄影家对摄影作为艺术的态度，并把他们这些态度放在历史的进程来观察‘符合题意。

2.作者观点题。根据文章第二段showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.显示出他们对现代主义胜利强加给他们的艺术概念的想当然程度:艺术越好，它对传统艺术目标的颠覆性就越大。所以该题作者表达的观点是矛盾的，A选项“矛盾的”符合题意。B“机械的”，C“肤浅的”和D“戏剧性的”与文章不符，排除。

3.语义理解题。作者列举这样艺术家的例子，他们像当代严肃的摄影家一样抛弃了传统的被接受的现代艺术目的。文章第三段第二句提到“例如,那些假设的摄影师,通过拍照,他们越来越远离以绘画艺术的自命不凡提醒我们的抽象表现主义画家想象他们摆脱古典现代主义绘画的知识紧缩浓度的身体行为绘画。”所以A选项‘提供一个艺术家的例子，他们像严肃的当代摄影师一样，否认传统上接受的现代艺术目标‘正确。B、C、D选项与题意不相符，排除。

4.细节判断题。根据文中第一段最后一句‘Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.有人指责摄影是没有灵魂的、机械地复制现实，摄影师们反驳说，摄影是一种特殊的观看方式，是对普通视觉的反抗，和绘画一样有艺术价值。’确定D选项符合题意。

5.细节判断题。根据文章第二段末尾提到‘Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.那些重要摄影师不再愿意辩论是否或不是艺术摄影,除了宣称自己的工作不涉及艺术,显示在多大程度上他们只是理所当然的概念艺术由现代主义的胜利:艺术、越好越颠覆传统的艺术目标。’确定D选项符合题意。

6.细节判断题。文章第二段第二句提到“Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.严肃的摄影师们声称自己在寻找、记录、公正地观察、见证事件、探索自我——但绝不是在创作艺术作品。”所以B选项‘他们的照片不是艺术的例子，而是摄影师公正地观察世界的例子。’最符合。A，B，C项文章没有提及。

7.作者观点题。B选项“一项只讲究细致而不讲究艺术的工艺”和C选项“复制现实的机械”与作者观点相悖，排除，D项描述是现代摄影的现状，排除。所以A选项正确。

10.单选题

Shesaidgoodnightasecondtimeandrandownstairsagainto______allherpreparationsforthemorrow.

问题1选项

A.turnon

B.accountfor

C.wrestlewith

D.letdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项turnon“打开，发动，取决于”，B项accountfor“对……负有责任，对……做出解释”，C项wrestlewith“全力对付，努力克服”，D项letdown“使失望，放下，辜负”。由句子句意“她第二次道了晚安，然后又跑下楼去______为明天所做的一切准备”可知，四个选项中只有wrestlewith符合语境。句意：她又道了一声晚安，然后又跑下楼去为明天做准备。因此，该题选择C项正确。

11.单选题

Thepuzzleofleft-handednessseemstobeamodestgrowthareaincurrentresearch.Oneofthelatestproposalslinksleft-handednessbothwithanoverproductionofthemalehormoneandwithdeficienciesinthebody’sautomaticdefensemechanisms,althoughitisnotclearwhethertheoverproductionofhormonecausesthedefensedefect,orissimplyonesymptomofageneralimbalance.Couldthisexplainwhy13percentofmalechildren,butonly10percentoffemales,areleft-handed?

Today,veryroughly10percentofthepopulationisleft-handed.Theoddthingisthatthispercentageseemstohaveremainedconstantthroughouthistory,andindeedthroughouthumanprehistory.Fromwrittenrecords,andevenpainting,researcherscangetaguidetotheincidenceofleft-handednessamongourrecentancestors

Lookingfurtherback,someexpertsclaimtobeabletotellfromtheshapingofflint(打火石)toolswhetherourStoneAgeforebearswereleft-orright-handedwhilethehabitofcavepaintersofleavinghandprints(as“signatures”)onwallsatleasttellsuswhichhandanindividualusedformarkingwalls.Theevidencesuggeststhat10percentofthepopulationwasleft-handed.

Thisisacommonevolutionarypatternwheretherearevariationsthateachprovidessomeadvantagefortheindividualthatcarriesthem,butnotanoverwhelmingadvantage,sothatallthevariationsexistsomewhereinthepopulation.

Abalanceisstruckinwhichtheproportionsofthepopulationinwhicheachversionisexpressedstayroughlythesameformgenerationtogeneration-asinthecaseofbloodgroups,forexample.Theremustbesomeadvantage,inDarwinianterms,inbeingaleft-handeramongapopulationofpredominantlyright-handedpeople.Butthisisverydifferentfromthepatternseeninmostanimals.

Ournearrelatives,thechimpanzees,alsoshowindividualpreferenceforonehandortheother,buthalfthechimppopulationisleft-handed.Evenratsshowthesamesplit-50percentleft-pawedand50percentright-pawed.Manmaynotquitebeuniqueamongmammals;therehavebeenclaimsthatpolarbearsaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanright,althoughunderstandablyfewexperimentshavebeendonewithpolarbearsunderlaboratoryconditions.Butbycomparisonwithourcousinapes,itlooksasifresearchintoleft-handednessinpeoplemaybeaskingthewrongquestion.

Therealpuzzleisnotwhy10percentofpeopleareleft-handed,butwhy90percentareright-handed.Whathashappenedtothehumanspecies,inevolutionaryterms,totiltthebalanceawayfromleft-handersinfavorofright-handers?Whyismantheright-handedape?Nobodyhasasatisfactoryanswer.Butitisoneofthecuriositiesofscientificresearchthatstudiesofsomethingseeminglysomundaneasleft-handednessinpeoplecouldactuallyshednewlightonhumanevolution.

1.Thearticlesuggeststhatleft-handednessmightbedueto（）

2.Itappearsfromthearticlethat（）

3.Whatdowelearnaboutpolarbears?

4.Whatadvantageisshowninbeingaleft-hander?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanguesstheword“mundane”inthelastparagraphmeans（）.

问题1选项

A.ashortageofmalehormone

B.veryweakdefensemechanisms

C.anexcessofmalehormone

D.therebeingmoremalethanfemalechildren

问题2选项

A.thereweremoreleft-handedpeopleinancienttimes

B.thepercentageofleft-handershasn'tchanged

C.therewerefewerleft-handedpeopleinancienttime

D.thenumberofleft-handershasn'treallychanged

问题3选项

A.Itisimpossibletodolaboratoryexperimentswiththem.

B.Therearemoreright-handedthanleft-handedones.

C.Theyareprobablynotallleft-handed.

D.Therearemoreleft-handedthanright-handedones.

问题4选项

A.Noclearadvantageisshown.

B.Youalwaysbelongto,thesamebloodgroup.

C.Youbelongtoanimportantminority.

D.Youarefreetomakeachoice.

问题5选项

A.strange

B.ordinary

C.confusing

D.interesting

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段“Oneofthelatestproposalslinksleft-handednessbothwithanoverproductionofthemalehormoneandwithdeficienciesinthebody’sautomaticdefensemechanisms...”可知，最新一项研究表明左撇子可能与雄激素产生过剩以及人体自动防御机制缺陷有关，故A选项错误，C选项正确。原文指的是自动防御机制缺陷而非薄弱，故B项错误。D项内容与题目无关。因此，本题选择C选项最符合题意。

2.推理判断题。本题询问古今左撇子人数变化趋势。根据原文第二段第二句“Theoddthingisthatthispercentageseemstohaveremainedconstantthroughouthistory,andindeedthroughouthumanprehistory”可知，虽然随着人类发展，人口数目发生了变化，但是左撇子所占的比例几乎维持不变。因此，本题正确答案为B项。

3.细节事实题。题干询问北极熊的相关情况。根据原文倒数第二段“polarbearsaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanright,althoughunderstandablyfewexperimentshavebeendonewithpolarbearsunderlaboratoryconditions”可知，虽然难以在实验室中对北极熊做实验，但是左撇子的北极熊更多，故B项错误，D选项正确。原文只是说针对北极熊进行的实验室实验比较少，但并不是说不可能，故A项与原文不符。在提及北极熊前，原文提到哺乳动物不止人类有左撇子和右撇子之分，则说明北极熊肯定也会有这样的区别，故C选项“它们可能不都是左撇子”错误。因此，本题正确答案为D。

4.细节事实题。题干询问左撇子有何优势。由原文第五段可知，用达尔文的话说，在以右撇子为主的人群中，左撇子肯定有一些优势。但这些优势是什么，文中并没有提及，故A项正确，B、C、D均未在原文出现。因此本题正确答案为A选项。

5.词义推断题。将“mundane”定位到原文最后一句。根据原文内容可推断左撇子的研究虽说表面上看起来不足为奇，但是却可能会对人类进化带来新的启示。故B项“ordinary”更符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。

12.单选题

Developmentprogramsinitiatedinthetribal-dominatedareasoftenadverselyaffectedthetribalwayoflifeandeconomy,whichwasfrequentlyfollowedbythe（）ontraditionaltribalareasorlandbynon-tribals.

问题1选项

A.encroachment

B.expansion

C.enormity

D.elevation

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。encroachment“入侵”；expansion“膨胀”；enormity“暴行”；elevation“提升，海拔”。句意：在部落占主导地位的地区开展的发展项目往往对部落的生活方式和经济产生不利影响，并且通常伴随着部落传统领地经常被其他外来种族入侵。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Ahushfellovertheguestswhohad（

）fortheweddingcelebration.

问题1选项

A.assembled

B.participated

C.attended

D.summoned

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。assemble“集合，聚集”；participate“参与，分享”；attend“参加”；summon“召唤，召集”。句意：为结婚庆典而聚在一起的客人们安静下来了。选项A符合题意。

14.翻译题

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

一些澳大利亚土著（indigenousAustralian）抗议者周五连续第二日成为头条新闻，他们聚集在澳大利亚议会外，并放火焚烧了国旗。此举的前一天，愤怒的抗议者包围了举行午餐仪式的建筑，保安人员从一家堪培拉餐厅拖出了朱莉娅吉拉德（JuliaGillard）总理。原住民领袖批评这些人的行动，说他们危害了让澳大利亚土著与更广泛的社会协调的努力。澳大利亚广播公司网站上的视频显示，在堪培拉议会外的抗议者围成一圈，点燃了澳大利亚国旗，并高呼，“这里始终是也将永远是原住民的土地。”

【答案】AgroupofindigenousAustralianprotestersmadeheadlinesforaseconddayonFriday,gatheringoutsidetheCountry’sparliamentandsettingthenationalflagonfire.ThemovecameadayafterPrimeMinisterJuliaGillardwasdraggedoutofaCanberrarestaurantbysecurityguardsafterangryprotesterssurroundedthebuildingwherethelunchwasbeingheld.Indigenousleadershavecriticizedtheiractions,sayingtheyundermineeffortstobringIndigenousAustraliansintoharmonywiththewidercommunity.VideoontheAustralianBroadcastingCorporationwebsiteshowedprotestersformingacircleoutsideparliamentinCanberra,settingfiretotheAustralianflagandchanting,“ThishasalwaysbeenandalwayswillbethelandoftheAborigines.”

15.单选题

Awindowinthekitchenwas（

）,therewasrubbisheverywhere,andthecurtainsandcarpetshadbeenstolen.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.scraped

C.scratched

D.smashed

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项scatter“撒播，散布”；B选项scrap“废弃，拆毁”；C选项scratch“抓，刮”；D选项smashed“打碎，粉碎”。句意：厨房的一扇窗户被打碎了，到处是垃圾，窗帘和地毯被偷了。选项D符合句意。

16.翻译题

Leadersknowthatthentherearetwoopinionsonanissue,oneisnotboundtobewrong.Theyrecognizethathustleandrusharethealliesofsuperficiality.Theyareopentonewideas,buttheyexploretheirramificationsthoroughly.

Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.

Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.

【答案】领导者知道，在一个问题上有两种观点，其中一种不一定是错的。他们认识到，忙乱和匆忙是肤浅的盟友。他们乐于接受新思想，但也会彻底探讨其后果。

成功的领导者在情感和智力上都是面向未来的，而不是拘泥于过去。他们渴望承担责任，渴望创新，渴望开拓进取。他们不满足于只关心已经存在的东西。他们希望向前迈进，创造新的东西。

领导者既能提供答案，也能指明方向，既能提供力量，也能付出奉献精神，既能根据经验说话，也能理解他们所面临的问题和与他们一起工作的人。

17.单选题

Indigitalelectronics,signalsarebrokendownintothousands,maybemillions,（）,whichareencodedaszerosandones.

问题1选项

A.ofinformation

B.ofbitsofinformation

C.oflittleinformation

D.ofmuchinformation

【答案】B

【解析】考查单复数。information“信息，消息，资料；情报”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式，也不能在前面加“a”。如果“一则消息”可以说apieceofinformation，“许多信息”是manypiecesofinformation。bitofinformation是固定搭配，指“信息单位，信息比特”，例句：Asitiscapableofholdingasinglebitofinformationatanyinstant.（因为它是一座能够容纳一个单一的信息比特，在任何瞬间。）句意：在数字电子学中，信号被分解成数千、甚至数百万个信息比特，这些比特被编码为0和1。故本题的正确答案是B选项。

18.单选题

Televisionhasbecomequiteavigorousactivity.Sittingupisexhaustingsomostpeople（）downwhilewatchingtelevision.

问题1选项

A.lay

B.lie

C.lying

D.lied

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。根据句意可知这里应填入动词且意为“躺”,首先排除选项A和C；句子时态为一般现在时,所以选项B正确。

19.单选题

Thenationalityoftheminoritygroupsinthatcountryisstill（）.

问题1选项

A.atlarge

B.atissue

C.atrisk

D.atleisure

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。atlarge“详尽的”；atissue“争议中的”；atrisk“处于危险中”；atleisure“从容地”。句意：在那个国家，少数民族的国籍问题仍然______。根据句意可知选项B符合题意。

20.单选题

Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld'spopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.

Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld,ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.

Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.

Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexample,oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigationwaterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressionsandpumpingittonearbycropland.

Nomatterwhatste