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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

WhenSarahandI(

onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.

问题1选项

A.compiled

B.gathered

C.collaborated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项compile“编辑”;B选项gather“聚集、收集”;C选项collaborate“合作、协作”;D选项collect“收集、收藏”,从句中关键词“worktogether一起工作”可联系到collaborate“合作、协作”,句意为:当莎拉和我为校报合作写一篇文章时,我们发现一起工作是很困难的。故正确答案选C。

2.单选题

Toahighlyimaginativewriter,()isapadofpaperandapen.

问题1选项

A.allarerequired

B.allwhichisrequired

C.allisrequired

D.allthatisrequired

【答案】D

【解析】句意:对于一个富有想象力的作家来说,他需要的只是一张纸和一支笔。首先排除选项A和C,句子中不能同时出现两个谓语动词。that在这里引导同位语从句。

3.单选题

Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.SetonthesouthwesternedgeofIceland,thevolcaniclandscapeiswhippedbytheNorthAtlanticwinds,whichhusheverythingaroundthem.Asculptureattheentrancetothevillagedepictsanakedmanfacingawallofseawatertwicehisheight.Thereisnomovietheater,andmanyresidentsneverventuretothecapital,a50-minutedriveaway.

ButSandgerdimightbetheperfectplacetoraisegirlswhohavemathematicaltalent.Governmentresearcherstwoyearsagotestedalmostevery15-year-oldinIcelandforitandfoundthatboystrailedfarbehindgirls.Thatfactwasuniqueamongthe41countriesthatparticipatedinthestandardizedtestforthatagegroupdesignedbytheOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.ButwhileIceland’sgirlswerealoneintheworldintheirsignificantleadinmath,theirnationaladvantageof15pointswassmallcomparedwiththeonetheyhadoverboysinfishingvillageslikeSandgerdi,whereitwascloserto30.

TheteachersofSandgerdi’s254studentswereonlymildlysurprisedbytheresults.Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.Boysthinkofschoolassufferingsonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutoftown.MargretIngporsdottirandHannaMariaHeidarsdottir,both15,studentsatSandgerdi'sgleamingschool—whichhasasciencelaboratory,acomputerroomandawell-stockedlibrary—havenodoubtthattheyareheadedforuniversity.“IthinkIwillbeapharmacist,”saysHeidarsdottir.TheteenssatinprincipalGudjonKristjansson’sofficelastweek,waitingforaridetothenearbytownofKevlavik,wheretheywerecompetinginWestIceland’syearlymathcontest,oneofmanythroughoutIcelandinwhichgirlsexcel.

Meanwhile,bytheharbor,GisliTorHauksson,14,alreadyhasbigplansthatdon’trequirespendinghisafternoonstoilingovergeometry.“I’llbeafisherman,”hesays,justlikemostofhisancestors.Hisfatherrecentlyreturnedhomefrom60daysatseaoffthecoastofNorway.“Hecamebackwith1.1millionkrona,”about$18,000,saysHauksson.Asforschool,hesays,“itdestroysthebrain.”Heintendstoquitat16,theearliestageatwhichhecandosolegally“Aboyseeshisolderbrotherwhohasbeenatseaforonlytwoyearsandhasabettercarandabiggerhousethantheheadmaster,”saysKristjansson.

ButthestoryoffemaleachievementinIcelanddoesn'tnecessarilyhaveahappyending.Educatorshavefoundthatwhengirlsleavetheirruralenclavestoattenduniversitiesinthenation’scities,theirscienceadvantagegenerallyshrinks.While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.InamathclassataReykjavikschool,AsgeirGurdmundsson,17,saysthatalthoughgirlswereconsistentlybrighterthanboysatschool,“theyjustseemtoleavethetechnicaljobstous.”SaysSoirunGensdottir,thedirectorofeducationattheMinistryofEducation,ScienceandCulture:“Wehavetofindawaytostopgirlsfromdroppingoutofsciences.”

Teachersacrossthecountryhavebeguntoexperimentwithwaystoraiseboystothelevelofgirlsinelementaryandsecondaryeducation.ThehighschoolinKevlawiktriedanexperimentin2002and2003,separating16-to-20-year-oldsbygenderfortwoyears.Thattimetheboysslippedevenfurtherbehind.“Theboyssaidthegirlswerebetteranyway,”saysKrlstjanAsmundsson,whotaughtthe25boys.“Theydidn’teventry.”

1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSandgerdi?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhygirlsdobetterthanboysinmathatSandgerdiismostprobablythefollowingEXCEPT(

).

3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatinthefieldofscience

).

4.Girlsflinchbackinthecompetitionwithboysmostprobablybecause

).

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.desolate

B.poor

C.bustling

D.thriving

问题2选项

A.boysandgirlssharedifferentincentivesinmathlearning

B.thegirlsaremoreanxiousabouttheirfuturecareer

C.theboysconsiderthatfishingdoesn’tnecessarilyneedmath

D.theboysspendmoretimeontheirparttimejobs

问题3选项

A.womenhaveadvantagesovermenincompetition

B.womentendtobeinalessembarrassinglevel

C.menareplyingmoreimportantroles

D.Menareonethirdlessthanwomeninnumber

问题4选项

A.theyareshortofconfidenceinthemselves

B.employersoftenpreferboystotaketechnicaljobs

C.theyhavepoorerperformanceintechnicaljobs

D.theyarewillingtoleavetechnicaljobstoboys

问题5选项

A.AVillageInIceland

B.ALandWhereGirlsRuleinMath

C.BoysClevererThanGirls?

D.ScienceStudentsinSandgerdi

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。A选项desolate“荒凉的”;B选项poor“贫穷的”;C选项bustling“繁忙的”;D选项thriving“繁荣的”。由文章第一段中的Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.(这个有1480人的渔村是一个荒凉而孤独的地方)可知Sandgerdi是一个荒凉的地方,因此选A。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.(他们说性别差距不是来自资质的差别,而是学习动力的差别)可知D选项“男孩们把更多的时间花在兼职上”符合题意,A、B、C选项都与“学习动力”有关。

3.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.(尽管61%的大学生是女性,但她们只占冰岛理科学生的三分之一。当他们进入劳动力市场时,许多人被男性所取代,他们成为医生、工程师和计算机技术人员)可知C选项“男人扮演着更重要的角色”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.(教育家们说,他们看到许多聪明的女孩在面对真实的、面对面的与男孩的竞争时突然退缩)可知A选项“她们对自己缺乏信心”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在冰岛上的Sandgerdi由于男女学生学习的动机不一样,女生在数学成绩上男生优秀,因此B选项“女生在数学上占统治地位的地方”符合题意。

4.单选题

Weare___facedwiththenecessitytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowerstandardofliving.

问题1选项

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项readily“容易地;乐意地;无困难地”;B选项smoothly“平稳地;平滑地;顺利地;流畅地;平静地;均匀地”;C选项inevitably“不可避免地;必然地”;D选项deliberately“故意地;缓慢而谨慎地”。句意:我们___要认识到有更多的人就意味着更低的生活水平。本句表达“不可避免地认识到”,因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Systematiceffortsatnationalnutritionplanningindevelopingcountriesgobackbarelyadecade.Duringthatbrieftimetherehasbeenconsiderableprogressinestablishingtheextentandcausesofmalnutritionandwhatcanbedonetoreduceit.

Tenyearsago,malnutritionwasoftenthoughttoreflectprimarilyashortageofprotein(andinsomecases,vitaminsorminerals).Mostnutritionprogramsconcentratedonprovidinghigh-proteinfoodtochildren,usuallyinschools.Theemphasistodayisdifferent.Thereisnowawidemeasureofagreementonseveralbroadpropositions.

Seriousandextensivenutritionaldeficienciesoccurinvirtuallyalldevelopingcountries,thoughtheyareworstinlow-incomecountries.Theyareusuallycausedbyundernourishment—ashortageoffood—notbyanimbalancebetweencaloriesandprotein.Theremayoftenbeshortageofspecificmicronutrientsandofprotein,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Butgiventhetypicalcompositionofthedietsofthepoor,totheextentthatcalorierequirements(asestimatedbytheFAOandtheWHO)aremet,itislikelythatothernutritionalneedswillalsobesatisfied.

Malnutritionaffectsoldandyoung,maleandfemale,urbanandruraldwellers;particularlyprevalentamongchildrenunderfive,itreducestheirresistancetodiseasesandisamajorcauseoftheirdeath.Inmanysocieties,girlssuffermorethanboys.

Malnutritionislargelyareflectionofpoverty;peopledonothaveenoughincomeforfood.Giventheslowincomegrowththatislikelyforpoverty-strickenpeopleintheforeseeablefuture,largenumberswillremainmalnourishedfordecadestocome.

Poornutritionalpracticesandtheinequitabledistributionoffoodwithinfamiliesarealsocausesofmalnutrition.

Themosteffectivelongtermpoliciesarethosethatraisetheincomesofthepoor,andthosethatraisefoodproductionperperson.Otherrelevantpoliciesincludefoodsubsidies,nutritioneducation,addingmineralsorvitaminstosaltandotherprocessedfoods,andincreasingemphasisonproducingfoodstypicallyconsumedbythepoor.

Thesepointswillbeamplifiedinthefollowingdiscussion.

1.Duringthepast10yearsdevelopingcountries______.

2.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseofmalnutrition?

3.Withregardtothefuture,theauthortendstobelievethat______.

4.“Nutritioneducation”ismentionedinthepassageas______.

5.Itcanbepredictedfromthelastsentenceofthepassagethattheauthorisgoingtotalkindetailabout______.

问题1选项

A.havemadeconsiderableattemptstoplanaboutnutritiononanation-widescale

B.havestartednutritionprogramsthataimatprovidinghigh-proteinfoodtochildreninschool

C.havetakeneffectivemeasurestoreducemalnutritioneverywhere

D.havereachedanagreementtofightmalnutritionbycombiningefforts

问题2选项

A.Poverty.

B.Poornutritionalpractice.

C.Inequitabledistributionoffood.

D.Inadequatenutritioneducation.

问题3选项

A.malnutritionwillbelargelyeliminatedinsomedevelopingcountriesinthenextfewyears

B.thedevelopedcountriesareplanningtooffersomehelptoreducemalnutrition

C.manypeoplestillhavetosufferfrommalnutritioninthenearfuture

D.people’sincomeindevelopingcountrieswillgrowrapidlyintheforeseeablefuture9.“Nutritioneducation”ismentionedinthepassageas______.

问题4选项

A.oneofthemosteffectivepoliciestoreducemalnutritioninthelongterm

B.oneofthesecondarymeasuresofreducingmalnutrition

C.oneofthewaystoimproveeducationindevelopingcountries

D.oneoftheeffortsthathasbeenmadeduringthepast10years10.Itcanbepredictedfromthelastsentenceofthepassagethattheauthorisgoingtotalkindetailabout______.

问题5选项

A.policiesforreducingmalnutrition

B.thecausesformalnutrition

C.howtoraisetheincomesofthepoor

D.producingfoodstypicallyconsumedbythepoor

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“在过去的10年里,发展中国家……”。文章第一段第一句指出Systematiceffortsatnationalnutritionplanningindevelopingcountriesgobackbarelyadecade.(发展中国家在国家营养规划方面的系统性努力仅仅可以追溯到过去十年里)可知,A项“已经做了相当多的尝试来计划全国范围内的营养方面”符合原文;由第二段第二句Mostnutritionprogramsconcentratedonprovidinghigh-proteinfoodtochildren,usuallyinschools.(大多数营养计划集中在为儿童提供高蛋白食品,通常是在学校)可知,不是所有计划是针对学校儿童的,B项“已经开始了旨在为学校里的孩子提供高蛋白食物的营养计划”表述不准确;C项“采取了有效措施减少各地的营养不良情况”没有提到;由第二段最后两句Theemphasistodayisdifferent.Thereisnowawidemeasureofagreementonseveralbroadpropositions.(今天的重点有所不同。如今在几个广泛的主张上已经达成了广泛的共识。)可知,D项“已经达成一致通过共同努力来对抗营养不良的情况”并不是过去十年里发生的。因此,该题选择A项正确。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪一个没有被提到是营养不良的原因?”。根据倒数第四段第一句Malnutritionislargelyareflectionofpoverty(营养不良在很大程度上是贫困的反映)可知,A项“贫困”正确;由倒数第三段Poornutritionalpracticesandtheinequitabledistributionoffoodwithinfamiliesarealsocausesofmalnutrition.(贫乏的营养实践和家庭内食物分配不公平也是营养不良的原因)可知,B项“贫乏的营养实践”和C项“食物分配不均”也是造成营养不良的原因,只有D项“营养教育缺乏”没有被提及是营养不良的原因。因此,该题选择D项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“对于未来,作者倾向于认为……”。根据倒数第四段最后一句Giventheslowincomegrowththatislikelyforpoverty-strickenpeopleintheforeseeablefuture,largenumberswillremainmalnourishedfordecadestocome.(鉴于在可预见的未来,贫困人口的收入可能增长缓慢,未来几十年仍将有大量人口营养不良)可知,C项“在不久的将来,许多人仍然要忍受营养不良的痛苦”符合题意;A项“在今后几年内,一些发展中国家的营养不良问题将基本消除”和B项“发达国家正计划提供一些帮助来减少营养不良”没有提及;D项“在可预见的未来,发展中国家的人民收入将迅速增长”与文章不符。因此,该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“文章中提到了‘营养教育’是……”。文中提到nutritioneducation是在文章的倒数第二段第二句Otherrelevantpoliciesincludefoodsubsidies,nutritioneducation…(其他相关政策包括粮食补贴、营养教育……),而上一句是Themosteffectivelongtermpoliciesarethosethatraisetheincomesofthepoor,andthosethatraisefoodproductionperperson.(最有效的长期政策是那些提高穷人收入和提高人均粮食产量的政策),综合可知,“营养教育”是减少营养不良的次要措施之一,B项“减少营养不良的次要措施之一”正确;由此也可知A项“长期减少营养不良最有效的政策之一”不正确;C项“改善发展中国家教育的方法之一”和D项“过去10年所做的努力之一”都没提到。因此,该题选择B项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章的最后一句话可以预测,作者将要详细讨论……”。文章的最后一句话是Thesepointswillbeamplifiedinthefollowingdiscussion.(这些观点将在下面的讨论中加以详述),而thesepoints指的是上一段所提到的一些关于减少营养不良的政策和一些措施,因此可以推断,作者将要详细地讨论这些政策和措施,故A项“减少营养不良的政策”符合题意;B项“营养不良的原因”在文中已经阐述过了,所以不太可能出现在后文;C项“如何提高穷人的收入”和D项“生产穷人消费的食物”都是包括在A项里面的。因此,该题选择A项正确。

6.单选题

foryourhelp,we’dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.

问题1选项

A.Haditnot

B.Ifitwerenot

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Ifwehadnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气的从句可以省略if,采用倒装形式,选项C符合题意。

7.翻译题

清洁的空气对于健康是至关重要的。如果空气中含有杂质,这些杂质就有可能被我们的身体吸收,使人生病。我们需要清洁的空气,但不幸的是,目前普遍存在着空气污染,尤其是在城市里。城市里有许多食品厂、服装厂和制造其他东西的工厂。每天这些工厂把千百万吨的烟灰排放到空气中。工厂产生的东西过一个时期就会损坏,然后就作为垃圾扔掉。我们烧掉许多垃圾,烟灰就增多了。还有工厂生产的汽车,一旦出厂在街上行驶,将会吸进空气,排出有毒气体,并增加空气中的烟尘。

世界上没有任何一个地方可以彻底摆脱空气污染,我们必须采取措施来控制空气污染。现在越来越多的人正在认识到清洁空气的重要性。学校开设了关于污染问题的课程。企业开始帮着净化空气,他们安装了特别的设备来清除自己排放的烟雾。科学家和发明家正在努力开发更清洁的汽车和火车引擎。

或许,人们在城市里能呼吸新鲜空气的日子终将到来。

【答案】【参考译文】Cleanairisvitaltogoodhealth.Iftheaircontainsimpurities,theymaybeabsorbedbyourbodiesmakeusill.Weneedcleanair,butunfortunately,airpollutionisgenerallypresent,especiallyincities.Therearemanyfoodfactories,garmentfactoriesandfactoriesformakingotherproductsincities.Everydaythesefactoriesdischargemilliontonsofsmokeandsootintotheair.Thingsmadeinfactorieswearoutafterawhileandarethrownawayastrash.Weburnalotoftrash,whichproducesmoresmokeandsoot.Moreover,oncetheautomobilesproducedbyfactoriesareoutonthestreet,theywilltakeinairandreplaceitwithpoisonousgases,whichagainproducemoresmokeandsoot.

Noareaintheworldcancompletelyfreeofairpollution.Wemusttakemeasurestocontrolit.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearerealizingtheimportanceofcleanair.Schoolshavetaughtaboutthepollutionproblem.Industriesarebeguntohelpcleanup,byinstallingequipmenttocleanuptheirsmoke.Scientistsandinventorsaremakingeffortstodevelopcleanerautomobilesandtheengineoftrain.

Perhapsthedaywhenpeopleareabletobreathefreshairincitieswillcomeatlast.

8.单选题

Thesefundswillcomewithstringentconditionsthatwillimposeexternalfinancialcontrolsand()heavilyonIceland’shard-wonsovereignindependence.

问题1选项

A.impinge

B.affect

C.afflict

D.impact

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项impinge“妨碍,侵犯”;B选项affect“影响,感染”,一般和介词to搭配;C选项afflict“折磨,使痛苦”;D选项impact“影响,冲突”。句意:这些资金将附带严格的条件,强制实施外部金融控制,并严重侵犯了冰岛来之不易的主权独立。这里是指侵犯主权,所以选项A更符合语境。

9.单选题

Thecrisisinourindustrywas____byintensecompetitionfromforeignproducers.

问题1选项

A.broughton

B.broughtforward

C.broughtup

D.broughtround

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.broughton导致;引起B.broughtforward提出;提前

C.broughtup提出;教育;养育D.broughtround使改变观点;说服

【答案】A

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】句意:我们工业的危机是由外国生产商的激烈竞争……。根据逻辑,外国生产商的激烈竞争可能会引起我国的工业危机。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】我们工业的危机是由外国生产商的激烈竞争引起的。

10.单选题

Theyarelookingforsomewayto()theirappetite.

问题1选项

A.satiate

B.apply

C.strengthen

D.sustain

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项satiate“充分满足;使厌腻”;B选项apply“申请;涂,敷;适用”;C选项strengthen“加强;巩固”;D选项sustain“维持;支撑,承担”。句意:他们正在寻找填饱肚子的方法。此题选A,可以把“satiateappetite”理解为“填饱肚子”。

11.单选题

I()onabookwithhim.Hehelpmealotwithcollectingmaterials.

问题1选项

A.cooperate

B.operate

C.collate

D.collaborate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。cooperate“合作”;operate“操作”;collate“核对,校对”;collaborate“(由指创作性劳动方面)合作”。句意:我跟他一起合著了这本书,他在收集资料方面帮了我很多。D项符合题意。

12.单选题

Doyouwantflyfirstor(

)class?

问题1选项

A.economic

B.economical

C.economy

D.economics

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。economicalclass“经济舱”。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypesoftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineledtheresearchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.“Thesefindingssuggestedthathumanevolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedforequallyintelligentbehavior,”saidHaier,addingthat,“bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.”

TheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournalNeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthisstudymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics,Jungsaid,whilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferentactivitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellonbroadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.

Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.Thismatchesupwellwithclinicaldatathatshowsfrontallobedamageinwomentobemuchmoredestructivethanthesametypeofdamageinmen.BothHaierandJunghopethatthisresearchwillsomedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosebraindisordersinmenandwomenearlier,aswellasprovidehelpdesigningmoreeffectiveandprecisetreatmentsforbraindamage.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtoparagraph1?

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,thisdiscoveryissignificantbecause________.

23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgraybrainmatter?

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutwhitebrainmatter?

25.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhat________.

问题1选项

A.Thebrainisamonolithicorgan.

B.Intellectualabilitydependsonwhichpartofthebrainisused.

C.Intellectualabilityvariesbetweenmenandwomen.

D.Theanatomyofmen’sbrainsandwomen’sbrainsdiffer.

问题2选项

A.itisnecessarytounderstandtheanatomyofthebrainwhendealingwithdiseasesthataffectthoughtprocesses

B.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligent

C.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligentoverall,butspecializeindifferentwaysofthinking

D.manydiseasesofthebrainarespecifictogenderortheother

问题3选项

A.Ithelpsputtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

B.Itisusedforprocessinginformation.

C.Thereislessofitinmen’sbrains.

D.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofgraybrainmatterandmathematicalability.

问题4选项

A.Womenhavemoreofitthanmen.

B.Itisusedforputtingtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

C.Thereisdirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofwhitebrainmatterandlinguisticability.

D.Theamountofwhitebrainmatterisnotdirectlyrelatedtooverallintelligence.

问题5选项

A.menandwomenareequallyintelligent

B.menandwomenhavedifferentfrontallobes

C.headinjuriescanhavevariedeffects,accordingtowhetherapersonismaleorfemale

D.theresearchwillbeusefultootherscientists

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.(根据一项新的研究,男人和女人的想法确实不同,至少在大脑解剖方面是这样。),可知男女在大脑结构上不同,所以D选项“男性大脑和女性大脑的解剖结构不同”正确。A选项“大脑是一个整体器官”:文章没有单独提出来,故错误。B选项“智力能力取决于大脑的哪一部分被使用了”,C选项“男人和女人的智力不同”:根据第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.(这项新研究表明,男性用灰质思考更多,而女性用白质思考更多。研究人员强调,仅仅因为男女思维方式不同,并不会影响智力表现。),可知男女的智力没有不同,也不会因为使用大脑方式的不同而产生智力差距,故错误。因此D选项正确。

22.事实细节。根据第二段最后一句Thesefindingssuggestedthat…bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.(这些发现表明……通过精确定位这些基于性别的智能区域,这项研究有可能帮助研究痴呆和其他大脑认知障碍疾病。),可知这个对大脑结构发现的现实意义是可以用来帮助治疗大脑认知障碍的疾病,所以A选项“在处理影响思维过程的疾病时,有必要了解大脑的解剖结构”正确。B选项“它表明男人和女人是同样聪明的”和C选项“它表明男人和女人在整体上同样聪明,但思考方式不同”:根据第二段第二句Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.(他们的研究结果显示,总体而言,男性与智力有关的灰质是女性的近6.5倍,而女性与智力有关的白质是男性的近10倍。),这表明男女思考方式不同,但并不能表明男女智力一样,故错误。D选项“许多大脑疾病跟特定性别或其他因素有关”:文章没有提到,故错误。因此A选项正确。

23.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.(在人脑中,灰质代表着信息处理中心,而白质则负责将这些处理中心连接起来。),可知灰质用来处理信息,所以B选项“用来处理信息”正确,A选项“有助于将来自大脑不同部位的信息整合在一起”是白质的功能,故错误。C选项“男人的大脑中没有那么多”:根据第二段第二句menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen(男性与智力有关的灰质是女性的近6.5倍),可知男性的灰质更多,故错误。D选项“大脑灰质的数量和数学能力之间有直接的关系”:根据第三段倒数第二句Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics(例如,男性在需要更多本地化处理的任务上表现得更好,比如数学),用灰质思考更多的男性在数学方面表现更好,不代表灰质数量和数学的直接关系,故错误。因此B选项正确。

24.推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句womenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills(女性在整合和吸收来自大脑分布灰质区域的信息方面表现得更好,这有助于语言技能),这里没有表明白质和语言能力的直接关系,所以C选项“脑白质的数量和语言能力之间有直接的关系”不符合文章意思,正确。A选项“女性比男性拥有更多”:根据第二段第二句womenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen(女性与智力有关的白质是男性的近10倍),可知符合文章意思,故错误。B选项“是用来把来自大脑不同部位的信息放在一起”:根据第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.(在人脑中,灰质代表着信息处理中心,而白质则负责将这些处理中心连接起来。),可知符合文章意思,故错误。D选项“脑白质的数量与整体智力没有直接关系”:根据第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.(这项新研究表明,男性用灰质思考更多,而女性用白质思考更多。研究人员强调,仅仅因为男女思维方式不同,并不会影响智力表现。),可知脑白质数量和智力没有直接关系,符合文章意思,故错误。因此C选项正确。

25.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.(这项研究还揭示了为什么不同类型的头部损伤对男性或女性更具灾难性。),可知头部受伤对男女的影响可能不同,所以C选项“根据性别不同,头部受伤可能有不同的影响”正确。B选项“男人和女人有不同的额叶”:根据第四段第二句Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.(例如,女性额叶中84%的灰质区域和86%的白质区域与智力活动有关,而男性的额叶中这两个区域的比例分别为45%和零。),这里说的是男女额叶在灰质与白质结构上的不同,而不是说男女额叶本身的不同,故错误。A选项“男性和女性一样聪明”和D选项“这项研究将对其他科学家有用”:最后一段没有提到,故错误。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Ididn’tknowitthen,butthisdisruptivewayofreadingstartedwiththeveryfirstnovelIeverpickedup.

问题1选项

A.harmful

B.persistent

C.interruptive

D.characteristic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。disruptive在句中是“破坏性的,扰乱性的”;A选项harmful“有害的”;B选项persistent“持久稳固的”;C选项interruptive“中断的,阻碍的”;D选项characteristic“有特征的”,句意:我当时不知道,但这种颠覆性的阅读方式始于我捡到的第一本小说。因此只有C项符合。

15.单选题

Anyonewithhalfaneyeontheunemploymentfiguresknewthattheassertionabouteconomicrecovery________justaroundthecornerwasuntrue.

问题1选项

A.wouldbe

B.tobe

C.was

D.being

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:任何人只要清楚失业人数就知道关于经济即将恢复的断言是不真实的。分析句子成分主句是anyoneknew...,that引导宾语从句;从句的结构是assertionwasuntrue,about后面的成分用来解释说明assertion。因为about后面没有从句连接词,所以我们要用非谓语形式,否则会造成一个从句里面没有连接词却有两个谓语,这样不符合语法,因而A,C错误;关键词aroundthecorner“即将来临”,我们要选现在分词,表即将到来的事情。不定式表将要到的事情,但“将来”什么时候来并不清楚。

16.单选题

Ihavegivenyoumyadvice.Whetheryouwillactonitis(

)you.

问题1选项

A.upto

B.upfor

C.onto

D.forto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beuptosb.意为“取决于某人”。

句意:我已经给了你我的建议。是否采纳就看你了。

17.单选题

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto(

)ones.

问题1选项

A.tragic

B.vulnerable

C.turbulent

D.suspicious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:谣言无处不在,传播恐惧,破坏声誉,把平静的状况变得混乱不堪。tragic“悲剧的”;vulnerable“脆弱的”;turbulent“骚乱的”;suspicious“可疑的”。根据句意,选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

Becauseoftherevolt,theGeneralassumed(

)asdictatorialrole.

问题1选项

A.itwasdescribedthen

B.thatwasdescribedatthattime

C.whatwasdescribedatthattime

D.whichwasdescribedatthattime

【答案】C

【解析】what引导宾语从句的用法。句意:因为这场叛乱,这位上将在那段时间的所作所为被认定为是独裁。分析句子可知assumed为句子的谓语,后面的部分作宾语从句,而从句中what又作wasdescribed的主语部分,这是what的特殊用法,有双重作用,故选C选项正确。

19.单选题

)youcomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.

问题1选项

A.Had

B.if

C.when

D.should

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果你昨天来了,就可以见到他了。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。此句是对过去的虚拟,从句要用过去完成时。Hadyoucomeyesterday=ifyouhadcomeyesterday。

20.单选题

Motorwaysare,nodoubtthesafestroadsinBritain.Mile(1)mile,vehicleforvehicle,youaremuch

(2)

likelytobekilledorseriouslyinjuredthanonanordinaryroad.On

(3)

hand,ifyoudohaveaser

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