考研考博-英语-安徽交通职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽交通职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobeaconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelativelycheaphalf-dayflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.Chile,therefore,isfightinghardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravelersthatitisworthcominghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.ItissucceedinginexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWesternEuropebutnotinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.

LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chileseestourismasavaluableearnerofforeigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmoreseriousthanmostinpromotingitsimageabroad.Relativelystablepoliticallywithintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblemssufferedinotherareas.InPeru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowtothetouristindustryandfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiodeJaneiroasadreamdestinationforforeigners.Morethan150,000peoplearedirectlyinvolvedinChilestouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS$950millioneachyear.Thestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumberofprivatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworldwidecampaign,takingpartintradefairsandinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.Chile’sgreatstrengthasatouristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.FromtheparchedAtacamaDesertinthenorthtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000kmlong.WiththePacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboastsnaturalattractions.ItsbeachesarenotuptoCaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuchasVinadelMararcgenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.

Thereareanumberofexcellentskiresortswithinonehour'sdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksinthesoutharehometorareanimalandplantspecies.Theparksalreadyattractspecialist,visitors,includingmountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnicallydifficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredbythesalmonandtroutintheregion'srivers.However,infrastructuraldevelopmentintheseareasislimited.TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandpartpoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,atpresent,relativelypoor.WhileChile'stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUSandEuropewhileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.NorisdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandandChile'sAntarcticTerritoryarealsoonthelistofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesitcancreatetouristmarkets.Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomasstourismisnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroups,includingGreenpeace,saythatmanypartsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecomeover-developed.

ThereisagenuinefearthatareasofChilewillsuffertheculturaldestructionwitnessedinMexicoandEuropeanresorts.ThepolicyofopeningupAntarcticatotourismisalsopoliticallysensitive.Chilealreadyhaspermanentsettlementsontheiceandmanypeopleseethedecisiontoallowtouriststhereasapoliticalmove,enhancingSantiago'sterritorialclaimoverpartofAntarctica.TheChileanGovernmenthaspromisedtorespecttheenvironmentasitseekstobringtourismpotential.TheGovernmentwillhavetomonitordevelopmentscloselyifitisgenuinelyconcernedincreatingabalanced,controlledindustryandifthepriceofanincreasinglylucrativetouristmarketisnotgoingtomeanthelossofmanyofChile'snaturalriches.

1.Chileisdisadvantagedinthepromotionofitstourismby（

）.

2.MorethanhalfofChile'stouristscomefrom

（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,Chile'sgreatestattractionis

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,inWHICHareaimprovementisalreadyunderway?

5.Accordingtothearticle,inChile,theservicesofairlinestoAsiaare（

）.

问题1选项

A.geographicallocation

B.guerrillawarfare

C.politicalinstability

D.streetcrime

问题2选项

A.USA

B.theFarEast

C.westernEurope

D.Argentina

问题3选项

A.theunspoiltbeaches

B.thedryandhotdesert

C.thefamousmountainrange

D.thehighstandardofservices

问题4选项

A.Facilitiesintheskiresorts.

B.Domestictransportsystem.

C.AirservicestoAsia.

D.Roadnetworkinthesouth.

问题5选项

A.onlyasmallnumberofroutes

B.almostnon-existent

C.asmanyasinEurope

D.thelargestamount

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“智利在推销旅游业时不足之处是……”。文章第一段提到“智利在推销自己是一个好的旅游去处所面对的困难是因为它处在地球的最边缘”（ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth），由此可知是因为它的地理位置导致旅游业发展不好，选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“智利一半以上的游客来自哪里”。文章第一段最后一句提到超过50%的游客来自阿根廷（Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher），选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，智利最大的景点是……”。文章第二段最后一句提到王牌是安第斯山脉（ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange），选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，哪方面的改革已经在进行”。文章第三段提到“国内的交通正在改善，豪华酒店正在其中一个国家公园内兴建”（Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks），由此可知，正在进行改革的是国内的交通系统，选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中可得知，智利通往亚洲的航线服务……”。文章第三段提到飞往亚洲的航线几乎不存在（WhileChile'stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUSandEuropewhileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent），因此选项B符合题意。

2.翻译题

Optimismandpessimismarebothpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewanttoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone'slife—amplesorrowandhappiness,sufficientjoyandpain—tofindarationalbasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse.It'sourdecision:Fromwhichperspectivedowewanttoviewlife?Willwelookupinhopeordownindespair?Ibelieveintheupwardlook.Ichoosetohighlightthepositiveandsliprightoverthenegative.Iamanoptimistbychoiceasmuchasbynature.

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】乐观和悲观都是两种强大的力量。我们每个人都必需选择其一，用来塑造我们的观点和期望。每个人的生活中都有很多好事与坏事，如足够的悲伤与快乐，足够的满足与痛苦。这些都是形成悲观和乐观的合理基础。我们能够选择是笑或是哭，是祝福还是诅咒。我们可以自己决定用哪种角度来看待生活，或者我们是昂首寻找希望还是低头沮丧呢？我赞成昂首寻找希望。我选择积极的一面，而且忽略消极的一面。出于本性，我选择做一个乐观主义者。

3.单选题

Ifacatcomestooclosetoitsnest,themockingbird_______asetofactionstoprotectitsoffspring.

问题1选项

A.hastens

B.releases

C.devises

D.initiates

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。hastens“催促，加速”；releases“释放，发表”；devises“发明，图谋”；initiates“发动，发起”。句意：如果猫越来越靠近嘲鸫的巢，它将会发动一系列行动去保护它的后代。选项D符合题意。

4.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

ThereareseveralthingsworthnotingaboutcognitiveneurosciencethatarealsoreflectedintheArticlesinthisspecialissueofScience.Firstistheideathatdistributedbrainnetworksunderliecomplexbehaviors.Intheearlydaysofthefield,mostneuroscientistsfocusedonindividualbrainregionsandtheirresponses.Thesensorydomainwasparticularlycaptivating;onecould,forexample,appropriatelytalkabouthyper-complexcellsinthevisualsystemthatrespondedtocomersortheexistenceofcorticalcolumnsastheorganizingbasisforneuro-sensoryinput.Itisbecomingclear,however,thattheprocessingofinformationthatleadstocomplexbehaviorssuchaslearningandmemoryinvolvesmultiplebrainregionsthatmustoperateinaninteractiveparallel.

【答案】关于神经科学某些方面的事情是值得注意的,而这几个值得关注方面在这一期的《科学》杂志特刊上均有所体现。首先,其中一个观点说的是遍布的大脑网络是构成人复杂行为的基础。在有关这个领域的早期研究中,大多数的神经科学家专注于研究单独的大脑区域及其反应行为。感官领域尤为引人新奇,例如,你可以适当地谈论视觉系统中的复杂细胞,这些细胞对大脑沟回和皮层柱的反应构成了神经感觉输人的基础。无论怎样,有一点是可以肯定的,例如学习和记忆等复杂行为的信息处理过程一定是涉及到多个大脑的区域并且以交互式平行的方式进行运作。

5.单选题

Aconcert（

）willbeheldnextweek

问题1选项

A.inwhichMozart'sworksaretobeperformed

B.whichperformsMozart'sworks

C.performsMozart'sworks

D.thatMozart'sworkswillbeperformed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:下周将举行一场演奏莫扎特作品的音乐会。

语法题。考查定语从句。分析题干跟选项可知,Aconcert为句子主语,willbeheld为谓语动词。所以空格处是一个限制性定语从句。排除C项。先行词为concert,所以空格处应该包含介词in.故选A。

6.单选题

Theageofothertreesisvariouslyestimatedas（）fromtwohundredtoeighthundredyears.

问题1选项

A.changing

B.differing

C.varying

D.ranging

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项change“改变”，B项differ“使……相异/不同”，C项vary“变化，变异”，D项range表示“变动，列为一行”，rangefrom固定用法，表示“从……到……变动，从……到……范围”。句意：其他树木的年龄有不同的估计，从200年到800年不等。因此D项正确。

7.翻译题

Unemploymentandinflation

Thebest-knownapplicationofrationalexpectationsmodelshasbeentoaninterpretationoftheobservedrelationbetweenunemploymentandinflation.A.W.Phillips(1958)notedanegativerelationbetweentheunemploymentrateandthewageinflationrateintheUnitedKingdombetween1861and1957.AsimilarrelationwasfoundalsointheUnitedStatesformuchofthesamesampleperiod.Sincethen,thenegativerelationhasbrokendown.Lucas(1976)andSargentandWallace(1973)offeredinterpretationsofthePhillipsrelationanditssubsequentbreakdown.Initssimplestterms:thisinterpretationassertsthattheremaybeastablerelationbetweenunemploymentandunexpectedinflation.Unexpectedinflationmaycausejobseekerstomisperceivetherealvalueofwageofferstheyhavereceived,andthustoacceptoffersthattheywouldnothaveacceptediftheyhadknownthetruerealwagetheyweregetting.Byacceptingthesejobs,theylowertheunemploymentrate.IntheperiodPhillipsstudiedthepricelevelmighthavebeenwell-enoughapproximatedbyarandomwalkthatactualinflationmayhaveapproximatelyequaledunexpectedinflation.Sincethen,wheninflationhasbecomemuchmoreseriallycorrelated,actualandexpectedinflationmayhavedivergedwidely.

【答案】失业和通货膨胀

最著名的理性预期模型的应用己经是对观察到的失业率和通货膨胀之间关系的一种解释。A.W.Phniips（1958）指出，在1861年至1957年，联合王国的失业率与工资通货膨胀率之间存在着消极关系。在美国也发现了类似的关系，大部分是相同的样本周期。从那时起，消极的关系已经破裂了。Lucas(1976)、Sargent和Wallace(1973)给出了Phillips关系及其随后破裂的解释。最简单的说法是：这个解释声称，失业和预期外的通货膨胀之间可能存在稳定的关系。预期外的通货膨胀可能导致求职者错估了他们所收到的工资待遇的真实价值，因此才接受了这些工作。如果他们知道真正的实际工资，他们是不会接受的。通过接受这些工作，他们降低了失业率。在这期间，Phillips研究价格水平可能非常的接近随机理论，即实际通货膨胀可能约等于预期外的通货膨胀。从那时起，当通货膨胀变得更错综复杂，实际和预期的通货膨胀可能有广泛的分歧。

8.单选题

Thedoorclosedandthehelicopterimmediately______verticallyto1000feet.

问题1选项

A.floated

B.raised

C.heaved

D.ascended

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项float“漂浮”，B项raise“抬高，举起”，C项heave“举起，使起伏”，D项ascend“上升”。根据helicopter“直升机”可知，空格部分表示“上升”；只有D项符合。句意：门关上了，直升机立即垂直上升到1000英尺的高度。因此，该题选择D项正确。

9.单选题

Divorcedfromhiswifejustthreemonthsago,hehasmadequitea_______ofhimselfbygallivantingaboutwithhisnewgirlfriend,aformersupermodel.

问题1选项

A.improvidence

B.revelation

C.extravagance

D.spectacle

【答案】D

【解析】improvidence目光短浅;revelation显示,揭露;extravagance奢侈,浪费;spectacle景象,场面,奇观。makeaspectacleofoneself意为出洋相。句意：他和妻子三个月前刚刚离婚,就出洋相地与他的新女朋友一一前超级名模到处闲逛。选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

Thewoodwassorottenthat,whenwepulled,it______intofragments.

问题1选项

A.brokeoff

B.brokeaway

C.brokethrough

D.brokeup

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项breakoff“折断；突然停止，暂停”；B选项breakaway“脱离；放弃；逃跑”；C选项breakthrough“突破；突围；有重要创见”；D选项breakup“打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落；终止；分手”。句意：木头已经是如此的腐朽以至于我们一拉它就变成了碎片。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

Thegreatestsocialchangehasbeeninthelivesofwomen.Duringthetwentiethcenturytherehasbeenaremarkableshorteningoftheproportionofawoman’slifespentincaringforchildren.Awomanmarryingattheendofthenineteenthcenturywouldprobablyhavebeeninhermiddletwenties,andwouldbelikelytohavesevenoreightchildren,ofwhomfourorfivelivedtilltheywerefiveyearsold.D.Bythetimetheyoungestwasfifteen,themotherwouldhavebeeninherearlyfiftiesandwouldexpecttoliveafurthertwentyyears,duringwhichcustom,opportunityandhealthmadeitunusualforhertogetapaidwork.Todaywomenmarryyoungerandhavefewerchildren.Usuallyawoman’syoungestchildwillbefifteenwhensheisforty-fiveandcanbeexpectedtoliveanotherthirty-fiveyearsandsheislikelytotakepaidjobsuntilretirementatsixty.Evenwhileshehasthecareofchildren,herworkislightenedbyhouseholdappliancesandconvenientfoods.

Thisimportantchangeinwomen’slife-patternhasonlyrecentlybeguntohaveitsfulleffectonwomen’seconomicposition.Evenafewyearagomostgirlsleftschoolatthefirstopportunity,andmostofthemtookafull-timejob.B.However,whentheymarried,theyusuallyleftworkatonceandneverreturnedtoit.Todaytheschool-leavingageissixteen.Manygirlsstayatschoolafterthatage,andthoughwomentendtomarryyounger,moremarriedwomenstayatworkatleastuntilshortlybeforetheirfirstchildisborn.Manymoreafterwardsreturntoafull-timeorpart-timejob.B.Suchchangeshaveledtoanewrelationshipinmarriage,withthehusbandacceptingagreatershareofthedutiesandsatisfactionsoffamilylife,andwithbothhusbandandwifesharingmoreequallyinprovidingthemoney,andrunningthehome,accordingtotheabilitiesandinterestofeachofthem.

1.Accordingthepassage,thewomanoftodayusually

.

2.Onereasonwhythewomanoftodaymaytakeajobisthatshe

.

3.Manygirlsthepassageclaimsarenowlikelyto

.

4.Accordingtothepassage,itisnowquiteusuallyforwomento

.

5.Nowadays,ahusbandtendsto

.

问题1选项

A.getsmarriedinsteadofgettingpaidwork

B.marriesbeforesheistwenty-five

C.hasmorechildrenunderfifteen

D.hasfewerchildren

问题2选项

A.isyoungerwhenherchildrenareoldenoughtolookafterthemselves

B.doesnotlikechildrenherself

C.doesnotneedtoworryaboutfoodforherchildren

D.canretirefromfamilyresponsibilitieswhenshereachessixty

问题3选项

A.giveuptheirjobsforgoodaftertheyaremarried

B.leaveschoolassoonastheycan

C.marrysothattheycangetajob

D.continueworkinguntiltheyaregoingtohavebabies

问题4选项

A.stayathomeafterleavingschool

B.marrymenyoungerthanthemselves

C.startworkingagainlaterinlife

D.marrywhilestillatschool

问题5选项

A.sharemorefamilyduties

B.helphiswifebydoingmostofthehouseholdwork

C.feeldissatisfiedwithhisroleinthefamily

D.takeapart-timejobsothathecanhelpinthehome

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到现在的女性通常结婚早，孩子生得少（Todaywomenmarryyoungerandhavefewerchildren），因此选项D符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第一段提到以前的女性生孩子生得多，所以当她最小的孩子15岁的时候（可以照顾自己），她已经50多岁了；而现在的女性当孩子15岁的时候，她45岁，还可以生活至少35年，因此可以去找一份工作，因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容moremarriedwomenstayatworkatleastuntilshortlybeforetheirfirstchildisborn可知选项D符合题意。

4.推理判断题。文章第二段提到虽然很多女性结婚更早，但是直到生第一个孩子之前她们还在工作，并且她们中很多人会继续回来工作或者做兼职工作（Manymoreafterwardsreturntoafull-timeorpart-timejob），因此选项C符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容Suchchangeshaveledtoanewrelationshipinmarriage,withthehusbandacceptingagreatershareofthedutiesand

satisfactions…可知选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Aprogramtoderegulatetheeconomyinvolvedtheremovalofmanylegalandgovernmentalrestrictionsthatwereregardedashindrancestofreecompetition.

问题1选项

A.stimuli

B.phases

C.parameters

D.obstacles

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.stimuli促进因素，激励因素，刺激物B.phases阶段，时期

C.parameters决定因素，规范D.obstacles阻碍，绊脚石

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】hindrances的意思为“造成妨碍的人（或事物）”，指的是阻碍自由竞争的法律和政策，obstacles与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】解除经济管制的计划包括取消许多视为阻碍自由竞争的法律和政策限制。

13.单选题

Theyadvisedtheirclientsto（）withanothercompany.

问题1选项

A.merge

B.engage

C.emerge

D.submerge

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。mergewith合并，与...联合；engagewith交战，与...接洽；emerge浮现，暴露；submerge淹没。句意：他们建议客户与另一家公司合作。选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst（）,andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation.

问题1选项

A.potentiality

B.priority

C.superiority

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果利润和金钱是你首先考虑的事情，对人的义务是你最不关心的，那你的教育就失败了。

考查名词辨析。potentiality潜能;可能性;priority优先考虑的事;优先权;superiority优越;优势;responsibility责任;职责;义务。根据句中first(首先)以及后面的yourleastconcern(你最不关心的事情)可知B项正确。

15.单选题

Althoughthemodellooksgoodonthesurface,itwillnotbearclose（）.

问题1选项

A.temperament

B.contamination

C.scrutiny

D.symmetry

【答案】C

【解析】句意：尽管这个模特表面上看起来很漂亮，可（）就不行了。A选项temperament性格，气质；B选项contamination污染；C选项scrutiny细看；仔细观察；D选项symmetry对称。itwillnotbearclosescrutiny意为“细看就不行了”。

16.单选题

Davidfeltobliged（

）forNancywhentheteachersingledheroutforcriticism.

问题1选项

A.toputaword

B.puttingaword

C.toputinaword

D.puttinginaword

【答案】C

【解析】句意:当老师把Nancy单独叫出去批评吋，David觉得有必要为她说几句。

考查固定搭配。Beobligedtodosth.被迫做某事，不得不做…。putinawordforsb.为某人说话。

17.单选题

PassageTwo

问题1选项

A.1996.

B.1997.

C.2011.

D.2014.

问题2选项

A.Itsbenefitstohealth.

B.Itsimproperuseinsoftdrinks.

C.Theamountofcaffeine.

D.Theconsumptionofenergydrinks.

问题3选项

A.Ageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeine.

B.Otheringredientsalsomakeenergydrinksunsafe.

C.Caffeineinbeveragesgreatlyimprovesperformance.

D.Energydrinksareriskyforpeoplewithheartproblems.

问题4选项

A.Becausetheyareinsufficientlyinvestigated.

B.Becausetheyarenotjudgedasfairlyascoffeeortea.

C.Becausetheyaremorebeneficialthanharmfultokids.

D.Becausetheyarenottheprimarycaffeinesourcesforkids.

问题5选项

A.Strict.

B.Official.

C.Voluntary.

D.Compulsory.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】Energydrinks—wehearallthetimethatthey’rereallybadforus,especiallyforteens.Wealldrinkthemanyway.Soenergydrinksreallythatbad.First,let’srewindbackto1997.WhenRedBullbecamethefirstenergydrinktoreachthemarketintheUS.Sincethen,energydrinkslikeRedBullhavesky-rocketedinpopularity.Butthingsstartedgettingintensein2011.WhentheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsrecommendedthatchildrenshouldneverdrinkenergydrinks.Thereasonwhytheyweresoworried—caffeine.Thecaffeineisinatonofthingslikecoffee,tea,soda,andevenchocolate.Andthedangersofcaffeinereallyboileddowntohowmuchyouhave.Acupofcoffeeusuallyhasbetween90fiveto,200milligramsofcaffeine.So,foradults,theexpertsrecommendnomorethan400milligramsaday,andforkids,nomorethan100milligrams.Soalittlebitofcaffeine,probablynotthatbad,buthighdosescanbelethal.In2011,apaperpublishedinthejournalpediatricsreviewedtheeffectsofenergydrinksonchildren,adolescence,andyoungadults.Theresearchhasfoundthatageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeineandenergydrinkscouldbeespeciallyriskyforkidswithheartproblems.ADHBordiabetes.Giventheseconcerns,itmaycomeasnosurprisethatsomeplaceshavepushedforcompletelybanningthesalesofenergydrinkstoanyoneundertheageof18.Asfaraswecantell,thathasn’tpassedlocallyhereintheusbutin2014,Lithuaniabecamethefirstcountrytoactuallybanthesaleofenergydrinkstoanyoneundertheageof18.

Butnoteveryoneisafanoftheseideas.Somethinktheserestrictionsareunfair.Ifyouaren’tworriedaboutsellingcoffeeorteatokids,whysingleoutenergydrinks?SotheAmericanbeverageassociation,thetradegrouprepresentingmanyoftheseenergydrinks,cameupwithanotheridea—voluntaryguidelinesforlabelingenergydrinks.

26.WhendidenergydrinkfirstappearintheAmericanmarket?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：功能饮料第一次出现在美国市场是什么时候？由文中“First,let’srewindbackto1997.WhenRedBullbecamethefirstenergydrinktoreachthemarketintheUS.（首先让我们回到1997年。当‘红牛’成为第一款功能饮料投入美国市场）”，可知B选项“1997”符合原文。A选项“1996”；C选项“2011”；D选项“2014”不符合原文。

27.Whenitcomestocaffeine,whatseemstobetheissue?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：说到咖啡因，问题出在哪里？由文中“Thereasonwhytheyweresoworried—caffeine.Thecaffeineisinatonofthingslikecoffee,tea,soda,andevenchocolate.（他们如此担心的原因是咖啡因。咖啡因出现在很多东西，比如咖啡、茶、苏打甚至是巧克力里面）”以及“thedangersofcaffeinereallyboileddowntohowmuchyouhave.（咖啡因的危险其实在于我们摄入多少）”，可知C选项“Theamountofcaffeine.（咖啡因的量）”符合原文。A选项“对健康有好处”；B选项“在软饮料中使用不当”；D选项“能量饮料的消耗”不符合原文。

28.Whichofthefollowingfindingsisreportedinthejournalpediatrics?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：以下哪项发现被刊登在《儿科学》杂志上？由文中“Theresearchhasfoundthatageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeineandenergydrinkscouldbeespeciallyriskyforkidswithheartproblems.ADHBordiabetes.（研究发现，年龄影响身体对于咖啡因的反应，功能饮料对于孩子特别危险，可能导致心脏病，ADHB和糖尿病）”，可知A选项“Ageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeine（年龄影响身体对于咖啡因的反应）”符合原文。B选项“其他成分也使能量饮料不安全”；C选项“饮料中的咖啡因大大提高了表现”D选项“能量饮料对有心脏问题的人有风险”不符合原文。

29.Whydosomedisagreewiththerestrictionsontheenergydrinkstokids?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：为什么有些人不同意对儿童能量饮料进行限制？由文中“Somethinktheserestrictionsareunfair.Ifyouaren’tworriedaboutsellingcoffeeorteatokids,whysingleoutenergydrinks?（一些人认为这些限制是不合理的。如果你不担心向儿童出售咖啡和茶饮料，为什么独独对功能饮料不排斥呢？）”，可知B选项“Becausetheyarenotjudgedasfairlyascoffeeortea.（因为他们不能将功能饮料与茶和咖啡相提并论）”符合原文。A选项“因为它们没有得到充分的调查”；C选项“因为它们对孩子是有益的而不是有害的”；D选项“因为它们不是孩子的主要咖啡因来源”不符合原文。

30.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethelabelingguidelinesfromtheAmericanbeverageassociation?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：以下哪一项能最好地描述美国饮料协会的标签指南？由文中“SotheAmericanbeverageassociation,thetradegrouprepresentingmanyoftheseenergydrinks,cameupwithanotheridea—voluntaryguidelinesforlabelingenergydrinks.（因此，美国饮料协会—代表功能饮料大多数企业的贸易组织产生了另一个想法—对于功能饮料标签自发制定指导标准）”，可知美国饮料协会制定的标签标准是C选项“voluntary（自发的）”符合原文。A选项“严格的”；B选项“正式的”；D选项“强迫的”不符合原文。

18.单选题

Forthepurposesoflimitingtheunauthorizeddistributionofintellectualproperty,theDMCA’sstatutoryimmunityforISPsiscarefullystructuredtoblockonlyactionsfordamages.AnothersectionoftheActprovidesforaprocessbywhichacourt,undercertainconditions,cangrantinjunctiverelief.InthecaseofasourceISP,theremaybeanorderrequiringaterminationoftheoffendingsource’saccountwiththeISPoraterminationoftherestoftheworld’saccesstotheuser’sassignedInternetdestination,iftheinfringingmaterialresidesthere.ForanOSP,aninjunctionmaybeframedasanorderrequiringterminationoftheOSPuser’saccountorremovalorblockedaccesstothematerialontheOSP’sservers.

ItmaybethisprospectofinjunctivereliefthathasledtoapracticebypublishersofaskingISPstomonitorandpoliceactivitytakingplaceontheirnetworks.Forexample,theMotionPictureAssociationofAmericasentalettertoHarvardUniversitycomplainingofallegedlyinfringingmaterialhostedbysomeoneontheHarvardnetwork.Harvard,inturn,discoveredthatthematerialinquestionwashostedbyanundergraduateonhisowncomputerattachedtotheHarvarddormitorynetwork.Harvardsentalettertothestudentalertinghimthatsuchhostingwasinviolationofitsnetworkpolicies,andthreateningsanctionsshouldthestudentcontinuetohostsuchmaterial.NoticesbypublisherstoISPsseekingactionbytheISPsagainstindividualusershavebecomeroutine,withfirmsspringinguptoaccepttheoutsourcedtaskofidentifyingpointsofinfringementwithinanetworkandgeneratingcomplaintletterstotherelevantISPs.SomepublishershaveevenattemptedtogetsourceISPs—universities,inparticular—tochangenetworkarchitecturetopreventtheuseofpeer-to-peernetworkingcompletely.Whilemosthavedeclinedtodoso,atleastoneuniversity,inthesameweekitsentalettertoapublisherrefusingtotakeaction,announcedanetworkbandwidthconservationpolicythatclampedmostout-goingInternettrafficfromstudentdormitories,effectivelydampeningtheuniversity’scontributiontoworldwidefilesharing/piracy.

Forenforcementpurposes,itmaybeeasiertofindandengageanISPregardingitslegalresponsibilitiesthanasinglesubscriberofthatISP.Butifarevelationofsubscriberidentityissought,successmerelypushestheenforcementproblembacktodealingwithapotentiallyunreachablesource.Moreover,whentheISPinquestionislocatedoverseascooperationofanysortisfraughtwithasmanybarriersasthoseforfarawayindividualsourcesofillicitmaterial.

JonathanZittrain:InternetPointsofControl

83.Accordingtothe1stparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTaremedyregardingISP’sliability?

84.Thesentencewhichisclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedsentenceofthe2ndparagraphis___.

85.TheHarvardstudentstoryinthe2ndparagraphisusedtoillustrate___.

86.Theunderlinedword“revelation”inthe3rdparagraphmeans___.

问题1选项

A.damages

B.injunctiverelief

C.anorderrequiringaterminationoftheoffendingsource’saccount

D.anorderrequiringaterminationoftheaccesstotheuser’sassignedInternetdestination

问题2选项

A.TheprospectofinjunctivereliefmayhaveledtheISPstomonitorandpoliceactivitytakingplaceontheirnetworks.

B.TheprospectofinjunctivereliefmayhaveledthepublisherstoaskISPstomonitorandpoliceactivitytakingplaceontheirnetworks.

C.TheprospectofinjunctivereliefmayhaveledthepublishersofaskingISPstomonitorandpoliceactivitytakingplaceontheirnetworks.

D.ItistheprospectofinjunctivereliefthathasledtoapracticebypublishersofaskingISPstomonitorandpolicewhathappensontheirnetworks.

问题3选项

A.therelationshipbetweenauniversityanditsstudents

B.theliabilityofanetworkuser

C.actionstakenbyISPsinresponsetopublishers’requests

D.theuniversitypolicytowardsinfringement

问题4选项

A.repetition

B.revolution

C.surprise

D.disclosure

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】83.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段AnothersectionoftheActprovidesforaprocessbywhichacourt,undercertainconditions,cangrantinjunctiverelief.（该法的另一节规定了法院在某些条件下可以批准禁令救济的程序）可知B选项“禁令救济”符合是针对ISP的赔偿责任的救济；第一段ForanOSP,aninjunctionmaybeframedasanorderrequiringterminationoftheOSPuser’saccountorremovalorblockedaccesstothematerialontheOSP’sservers.（对于一个OSP，禁令可能是一个命令，要求终止OSP用户的账户或删除或阻止访问OSP服务器上的材料）可知C选项“要求终止违规来源账户的命令”和D选项“要求终止对用户指定的因