考研考博-英语-安徽冶金科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽冶金科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Predictingthefutureisalwaysrisky.Butit’sprobablysafetosaythatatleastafewhistorianswillonedayspeakofthe20th-centuryasAmerica’s“DisneyEra.”Today,it’scertainlydifficulttothinkofanyothersinglethingthatrepresentsmodemAmericaaspowerfullyasthecompanythatcreatedMickeyMouse.Globally,brandslikeCoca-ColaandMcDonaldsmaybemorewidely-known,butneitherencapsulates20th-centuryAmericainquitethesamewayasDisney.

ThereasonsforDisney’ssuccessarevariedandnumerous,butultimatelythecreditbelongs

tooneperson—themanwhocreatedthecartoonandbuiltthecompanyfromnothing,WaltDisney.Ironicallyhecouldnotdrawparticularlywell.Buthewasageniusinplentyofotherrespects.Inbusiness,hisgreatestskillswerehisinsightandhismanagementability.AftersettinghimselfupinHollywood,hesingle-handedlypioneeredtheconceptsofbrandingandmerchandising—somethinghiscompanystilldoesbrilliantlytoday.

ButwhatreallydistinguishedDisneywashisabilitytoidentifywithhisaudiences.Disneyalwaysmadesurehisfilmschampionedthe“littleguy,”andmadehimfeelproudtobeAmerican.Thisheachievedbycreatingcharactersthatreflectedthehopesandfearsoftheordinarypeople.SomecelebratedAmericanachievements—Disney’sveryfirstcartoonPlaneCrazy,featuringasilentMickeyhouse,wasinspiredbyCharlesLindbergh’sflightacrosstheAtlantic.Others,likethethreelittlePigsandSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarves,showedhow,throughhardworkandhelpingone’sfellowman,ordinaryAmericanscouldsurvivesocialandeconomiccrisesliketheGreatDepression.

Disney’sothergreatvirtuewasthefactthathiscompany—unlikeotherbigcorporations—hadahumanface.HisHollywoodstudio—thepublicheard—operatedjustlikeademocracy,whereeveryonewasonfirst-nametermsandhadasayinhowthingsshouldberun.HewasalsoregardedasagreatpatriotbecausenotonlydidhiscartoonscelebrateAmerica,but,duringWorldWarII,hisstudiosmadetrainingfilmsforAmericansoldiers.

Thereality,ofcourse,waslessidyllic.Asthepublicwouldlaterlearn,Disney’spatriotismhadanunpleasantside.Afterastrikebycartoonistsin1941,hebecameconvincedthatHollywoodhadbeeninfiltratedbyCommunists.HeagreedtoworkfortheFBIasamole（间谍）,identifyingandspyingoncolleagueswhomhesuspectedweresubversives.

But,apartfromhisaffiliationswiththeFBI,Disneywasmoreorlessthegenuinearticle.Anewbook,TheMagicKingdom:WaltDisneyandtheAmericanWayofLife,byStevenWatts,confirmsthathewasverydefinitelyonthesideofordinaryAmericans―inthe30sand40shevotedforFranklinRoosevelt,believinghewasachampionoftheworkers.Also,DisneywasnotanapologistfortheFBI,assomehavesuggested.Infact,hewasalwayssuspiciousoflarge,bureaucraticorganizations,asisevidencedinfilmslikeThatDarnedCat,inwhichheportrayedFBIagentsasbunglingincompetents.

Bythetimehediedin1966,WaltDisneywasaniconlikeThomasEdisonandtheWrightBrothers.Tobusinesspeopleandfilmmakers,hewasarolemodel;tothepublicatlarge,hewas“UncleWalt”一themanwhohadentertainedthemalltheirlives,themanwhorepresentedallthatwasgoodaboutAmerica.

Inthe30yearssincehisdeath,notmuchhaschanged.In1986,hewasattackedasaMcCarthyist,asupporterofbigbusiness,andapurveyorof“sub-literate”entertainment.However,noneofithasmadeanydifferencetothegeneralpublic.TheirloyaltytoUncleWaltremainsasstrongasever.

1.WaltDisneyisbelievedtopossessthefollowingabilitiesEXCEPT（

）.

2.WaltDisneybecameaniconafterhisdeathnotbecause

（

）.

3.Inthesixthparagraphthesentence“Disneywasmoreorlessthegenuinearticle”means

that

（

）.

4.Thewriter’sattitudetowardWaltDisneycanbestbedescribedas

（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthepleasantsideofDisney’spatriotism?

问题1选项

A.painting

B.creativity

C.management

D.merchandising

问题2选项

A.Hewasarolemodeltobusinesspeopleandfilmmakers

B.hecouldentertainthepublicatlargealltheirlives

C.hewasapurveyorof“sub-literate”entertainment

D.hecouldrepresentallthatwasgoodaboutAmerica

问题3选项

A.Disneywasacreativeandcapableperson.

B.DisneyonceagreedtoworkfortheFBI.

C.Disneyranhiscompanyinademocraticway.

D.Disneywassympatheticwithordinarypeople.

问题4选项

A.sympathetic

B.objective

C.critical

D.skeptical

问题5选项

A.HesidedwithordinaryAmericansinhisfilms.

B.HesupportedAmerica’swareffortsinhisownway.

C.Hehaddoubtsaboutlarge,bureaucraticorganizations.

D.HevotedforFranklinRooseveltinthe30sand40s.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Ironicallyhecouldnotdrawparticularlywell”讽刺的是他画得不太好，可知WaltDisney绘画能力不好，因此选A。

2.细节事实题。文章最后两段讲述了WaltDisney死后的影响，A、C、D选项在倒数第二段中都有提及，B选项在最后一段中提及，不符合题干中成为偶像的原因，因此选B。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第六段中“hewasverydefinitelyonthesideofordinaryAmericans”可知WaltDisney站在普通美国人这边，因此D选项“迪士尼对普通人很同情”符合题意。

4.观点态度题。根据文章第二段中“ThereasonsforDisney’ssuccessarevariedandnumerous,butultimatelythecreditbelongstooneperson—themanwhocreatedthecartoonandbuiltthecompanyfromnothing,WaltDisney.”和第五段中“Asthepublicwouldlaterlearn,Disney’spatriotismhadanunpleasantside.”可知作者既写了WaltDisney对迪士尼公司的成功有突出贡献，又写了他爱国主义不好的一面，因此作者对WaltDisney的态度是客观的，选B。

5.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“HewasalsoregardedasagreatpatriotbecausenotonlydidhiscartoonscelebrateAmerica,but,duringWorldWarII,hisstudiosmadetrainingfilmsforAmericansoldiers.”他也被认为是一位伟大的爱国者，因为他不仅以他的动画片赞美美国，而且在二战期间，他的制作室也为美国士兵制作训练用影片。可知他以自己的方式支持美国的战争努力，因此选B。

2.单选题

[A]Lessnotedbut[B]equallysignificant,themenandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960[C]alsoreducedthedivorcerateafterapostwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthan[D]didthoseofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.

问题1选项

A.Lessnoted

B.equallysignificant

C.also

D.did

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文语义。B选项处equally表示前后的一致性，即前后短语或句子的结构应一致，前面是比较级lessnoted，其后面也应是比较级，在equally和significant中间加上more更合适。

3.翻译题

他这人喜怒无常，且好走极端。

【答案】Heismoodyandisinclinedtobeextreme.

4.单选题

Problemsanddiscouragementswillfacetheleader,buthecanovercomethemwithstayingpower.Itseemsasifmanyoftheworld’sfamouspeoplefacedsomeofthegreatestdifficultiesanddiscouragementsincarryingouttheirvisions.

ChristopherColumbus,forinstance,concludedfromtheinformationheacquiredfromtravelsandfromstudyingchartsandmaps,thattheearthwasroundandthathecouldreachAsiabysailingwest.Butheneededapatrontofinancesuchanexpedition.HefirsttriesJohnII,KingofPortugal,withoutsuccess,andthen,theCountofMedinaCeliinSpain.TheCountencouragedColumbusfortwoyears,butneveractuallyprovidedhimwiththemoneyandsuppliesheneeded.FerdinandandIsabella,KingandQueenofCastileinSpain,werethencontacted.AreviewofColumbus’plansbyacommitteeappointedbythequeenresultedintheconclusionthathisideaswerevainandimpractical.Buttheykepttalking.

Afterabetterpartofdecadeoftryingtofindapatron,Columbuswasindespair,buthedidn’tstop.Hehadstayingpower.Hebelievedinhismission,butheheldoutforhightermsfromFerdinandandIsabella.Heaskedthattherankofadmiralbebestowedonhimrightawayandthathebemadeviceroyofallthatheshoulddiscover.Inaddition,hewouldreceiveone-tenthofallthepreciousmetalsdiscoveredwithinhisadmiralty.Hisconditionswererejectedandnegotiationswereagaininterrupted.ColumbusleftforFrance.However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.InApril,1492,FerdinandandIsabellaagreedtosubsidizetheexpeditiononColumbus’terms.Itwasn’tuntil12,OctoberthattheylandednoNorthAmerica.

ColumbusdidnotvisittheGrandKhanofCathayashehadhoped.Buthediddiscovertwonewcontinents.Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadstayingpower.

1.WhatwastheattitudeofthekingandqueenofCastiletowardColumbus’planofexpedition?

2.WhofinallypatronizedColumbus?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementswasnotmentionedinthepassage?

4.TheauthortakesthestoryofColumbusasanexampletoshowthat（）.

5.Whatdoestheword“vision”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymean?

问题1选项

A.Concerned

B.Indifferent

C.Optimistic

D.Disapproval

问题2选项

A.CountofMedianCeli

B.JohnII,KingofPortugal

C.KingandqueenofSpain

D.KingandqueenofCastile

问题3选项

A.Columbuswantedtosharewhatheshoulddiscover.

B.Columbusfirmlydemandedthathebethecommanderofthevoyagefleet.

C.ThekingandqueenofCastiledidn’tacceptColumbustermsattheverybeginning.

D.Columbusgotfinancialhelpfromthequeenbecausehegaveuphishighterms.

问题4选项

A.Leadersneedstayingpower.

B.Columbushadenoughstayingpower.

C.Onecan’tdowithoutstayingpower.

D.Stayingpowercannotensuresuccess.

问题5选项

A.sight

B.television

C.futureplan

D.imagination

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据文章第二段，“FerdinandandIsabella,KingandQueenofCastileinSpain,werethencontacted.AreviewofColumbus’plansbyacommitteeappointedbythequeenresultedintheconclusionthathisideaswerevainandimpractical.Buttheykepttalking.”，可知他联系了西班牙卡斯提尔国王和王后费迪南德和伊莎贝拉。女王任命的一个委员会对哥伦布的计划进行了审查，得出的结论是他的想法是徒劳和不切实际的。但是他们会一直对这个问题进行讨论。可判断出国王和王后对于哥伦布的行动持关心的态度。选项A符合题意。

2.事实细节题。根据文章第三段，“However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.InApril,1492,FerdinandandIsabellaagreedtosubsidizetheexpeditiononColumbus’terms.”，可知王后改变了主意，派人去找他。1492年4月，国王和王后同意按哥伦布的条件并对他实施资助。可判断出对哥伦布实施资助的人是卡斯提尔的国王和王后。选项D符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据文章第二段段，“Butheneededapatrontofinancesuchanexpedition.”，可知他需要赞助人资助这样一次探险，下文就提到了他寻找资助人的坚信过程，可判断出哥伦布想分享他的发现，选项A可排除。根据文章第三段，“Heaskedthattherankofadmiralbebestowedonhimrightawayandthathebemadeviceroyofallthatheshoulddiscover.”，可知他要求立即授予他海军上将的军衔，并任命他为他所发现的一切事物的总督。可判断出哥伦布坚决要求他担任远航舰队的总督，选项B可排除。根据文章第三段，“Hisconditionswererejectedandnegotiationswereagaininterrupted.ColumbusleftforFrance.However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.”可知他的条件遭到拒绝，谈判再次中断。哥伦布动身去了法国。然而，王后改变了主意，派人去找他。可判断出国王和王后一开始不同意哥伦布的条件，后面才改变了主意。选项C可排除。综上，选项D符合题意。

4.作者意图题。根据文章最后一段，“Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadstayingpower.”，可知哥伦布之所以成功，是因为他有耐力。可判断出作者以哥伦布为例子想要说明的是领导者需要持久的耐力。选项A符合题意。

5.词义理解题。Sight“视力，景象”；television“电视机”；futureplan“未来的计划”；imagination“想象力”。根据原文，“Itseemsasifmanyoftheworld’sfamouspeoplefacedsomeofthegreatestdifficultiesanddiscouragementsincarryingouttheirvisions.”，可知似乎世界上许多名人在实现他们的理想时都面临着一些最大的困难和挫折。可判断出vision的意思是理想，未来的计划。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

问题1选项

A.heaving

B.raising

C.ascending

D.floating

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。heave意为“举起”；raise意为“提升，提高”；ascend意为“上升，升高”；float意为“浮动，漂流”。此处为动词的现在分词作宾补。

句意：当看到几百个彩色气球慢慢地升向天空时，孩子们欢呼起来。

6.翻译题

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10%)

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay,“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsatweekend.

Itmayalsobesaidthatrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:first,thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondly,thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemajority.Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeansofsustenance,butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.ButFortune’sfavoredchildrenbelongtothesecondclass.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.Forthemtheworkinghoursareneverlongenough.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholidayswhentheycomearegrudgedasenforcedinterruptionsinanabsorbingvocation.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook,ofachangeofatmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.

【答案】【参考译文】

还需要指出的是，有理性的、勤劳的、有用的人们可分为两类：第一类人，工作就是工作，享乐就是享乐；第二类人，其工作和享乐是合二为一的。两类人中，前一类是大多数。这一类人的辛勤自有回报：在办公室或工厂里度过的漫长的工作时间不仅解决他们的生计问题，而且使他们能痛快地享受哪怕是最简单平常的乐趣。但是命运厚爱的孩子却是第二类人。他们的生活自然而和谐，对他们来说，工作时间从来就不会显得太长。每一天都是节，而当平常人的节日来临时，他们就觉得不自在，觉得那是对自己正痛快地过着的节日的干扰。不过无论对哪一类人来说，换个角度来看问题，换个氛围生活，换个方向努力，倒是至关重要。

7.单选题

Incontrasttounmonitoredworkersdoingthesamework,（

）withoutexceptionidentifiedthemostimportantelementintheirjobsascustomerservice,themonitoredworkersandsupervisorsallrespondedthatproductivity（

）thecriticalfactorinassigningratings.

问题1选项

A.which...are

B.who...was

C.that...were

D.which...is

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓一致。第一个空格指代前面句子中的名词unmonitoredworkers。第二个空格处做宾语从句中的谓语动词，主语是productivity，因此只能用三单形式。因此B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhaps（

）toviewingtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominenceforuniqueness.

问题1选项

A.prone

B.legible

C.incompatible

D.prior

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。prone“有……倾向的”；legible“清晰的”；incompatible“不相容的，不能并存的”；prior“优先的”。句意：美国文学史家也许倾向于狭隘地看待他们国家的文学，误把卓越当独特。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Overathirdofthepopulationwasestimatedtohaveno（）tothehealthservice

问题1选项

A.assessment

B.access

C.assignment

D.exception

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组的固定搭配。A选项assessment表示“评定，估价”；B选项access表示“进入，通道，机会”；C选项assignment表示“分配，任务”；D选项exception表示“例外，异议”。词组haveaccessto可表示“使用，接近，可以利用”，其余3项不可与have构成搭配。句意：估计有超过三分之一的人口没有享受到医疗服务。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

10.单选题

Exercisecanaffectouroutlookonlife,anditcanalsohelpusgetridoftension,anxietyandfrustration.Soweshouldtakeexercise（）.

问题1选项

A.constantly

B.normally

C.usually

D.regularly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。constantly“不断地，时常地”；normally“正常地，通常地”；usually“通常，经常”；regularly“定期地”。根据空格前列举的锻炼带来的各种好处及常识可知空格处应该填入一个表示“经常”意义的词，regularly与usually都有此意，但后者一般位于be动词和助动词后面，行为动词前，所以选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

WhenIsaidgoodbyetoher,she（）thedoor.

问题1选项

A.sawmeat

B.setmeoff

C.sentmeto

D.showedmeto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项seeat“看到在……”，B项setoff“出发，动身”，C项sendto“送……去……”，D项showto“向……展示”。前半句的意思是“当我向她说再见的时候”，那么根据后面的door（门）可以猜测，空格部分表示“送到门口”。句意：当我跟她说再见时，她把我送到门口。因此，该题选择C项正确。

12.填空题

Tomatoes,whentheywerefirstintroduced,wereconsideredeithermagicalorharmful,dependingonwhichschoolofthoughtyoulistened.Evenwithinlivingmemory,therewasatimewhenvegetableswereconsideredharmfulunless

A

B

C

D

cookedforlong.

【答案】Blistened改为listenedto

【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】listenedto意思为“听从”，为固定搭配，这里指的是认为西红柿是怎样的，就看听从对西红柿的哪一种描述。

【句意】西红柿刚被引进时，人们认为它很神奇或者有害，这取决于你听的是哪个学派的观点。即使在现在，人们也有一段时间认为蔬菜没有经过长时间的烹饪就是有害的。

13.单选题

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa“pureaccident”.Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheldresponsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.

InonecasewhereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehadspreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury’sdecisionbecauseitarguedthattherailroad’snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.

Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness（无情）towardindividuals.

1.Whatdoestheword“negligence”meaninthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell’scase?

3.Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?

4.ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT（）.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

问题1选项

A.ignorance

B.arrogance

C.carelessness

D.depression

问题2选项

A.Farwellwouldnothavebeeninjurediftheswitchmanhadbeenmorecareful.

B.Thecourtarguedthatthevictimhadacceptedtherisksincehehadwillinglytakenhisjob.

C.Thecourtdecidedthattherailroadshouldnotbeheldresponsible.

D.Farwellwasinjuredbecausehenegligentlyranhisengineoffthetrack.

问题3选项

A.Therailroadcompensatedforthedamagetotheimmediatebuildings.

B.Therailroadcompensatedforallthedamagebythefire.

C.Therailroadpaidnothingforthedamagedbuilding.

D.Therailroadworkerpaidforthepropertydamagehimself.

问题4选项

A.politicalpower

B.highfares

C.economicloss

D.indifference

问题5选项

A.RailroadoppressingindividualsintheUS.

B.HistoryoftheUSrailroads.

C.Railroadworkers’workingrights.

D.Lawcasesconcerningtherailroads.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据题干“negligence”定位至第三段：Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack（法威尔先生是铁路公司的一名工程师，由于一名扳道工因negligence而导致机车脱离轨道，法威尔失去了右手）。由此推测negligence意为疏忽，过失。ignorance无知，愚昧，arrogance傲慢，carelessness粗心，疏忽，depression沮丧；经济大萧条。据此可知，C项正确。

2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而导致机车脱离轨道，法威尔失去了右手，而非法威尔本人。D项的说法错误。

3.题干问的是法院对火灾案的判决结果。第四段指出：ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturned...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider（陪审团裁决铁路公司负责全部损失，但法院推翻了陪审团的决定，认为铁路公司的疏忽只是直接导致最邻近的建筑物受到损失，因而只对此负责任，而离得较远的房屋的损失则不在赔偿范围）。因此，铁路公司只赔偿最邻近的建筑物受到的损失。

4.根据题干关键词resentment定位至最后一段：Publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousnesstowardindividuals（公众舆论开始反对铁路公司——反对他们在经济和政治上的权力、高票价以及他们对个人的冷漠无情。据此可知，C选项“经济损失”不包括在里面。

5.本文主要讨论的是与铁路公司有关的法律案件。

14.单选题

Thereislikelytobetensionbetweenlandlordandtenant,betweenlargelandownersandimpecuniouspeasants.

问题1选项

A.petty

B.modicum

C.impoverished

D.frolicsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项petty“琐碎的；小气的；小规模的”；B选项modicum“（n.）少量，一点点”；C选项impoverished“穷困的；用尽了的，无创造性的”；D选项frolicsome“嬉戏的，爱闹着玩的”。句意：地主和佃户之间、大地主和贫穷的农民之间可能会出现紧张关系。impecunious“没有钱的；贫穷的”。C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Sheshouldhavebeenherebutshe’s______fluthatisgoingaroundrecently.

问题1选项

A.gonethroughwith

B.gonedownwith

C.comeinfor

D.comeupagainst

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项gonethroughwith“将（决定的事）做了”；B选项gonedownwith“得病”；C选项comeinfor“遭到（批评），受到（指责）”；D选项comeupagainst“面临，碰到”。句意：她本应该来的，但她______最近肆意横行的流感。这里对流感进行搭配，B选项gonedownwith“得病”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Theworldofeducationiscurrentlyundergoingamassivetransformationasaresultofthedigitalrevolution.Thistransformationissimilartothetransitionfromapprenticeshiptouniversalschoolingthatoccurredinthe19thcenturyasaresultoftheindustrialrevolution.Intheapprenticeshipera,mostofwhatpeoplelearnedoccurredoutsideofschool.Universalschoolingledpeopletoidentifylearningwithschool,butnowtheidentificationofthetwoisunraveling.

Allarounduspeoplearelearningwiththeaidofnewtechnologies:childrenareplayingcomplexvideogames,workersareinteractingwithsimulationsthatputtheminchallengingsituations,studentsaretakingcoursesatonlinehighschoolsandcolleges,andadultsareconsultingWikipedia.Newtechnologiescreatelearningopportunitiesthatchallengetraditionalschoolsandcolleges.Thesenewlearningnichesenablepeopleofallagestopursuelearningontheirownterms.Peoplearoundtheworldaretakingtheireducationoutofschoolintohomes,libraries,Internetcafesandworkplaces,wheretheycandecidewhattheywanttolearn,whentheywanttolearn,andhowtheywanttolearn.

Whowillbenefitultimatelyfromthisrevolution?InAmericathereisacommercialpushtoselleducationalproductstoconsumerswhoarelookingforanedgeupintheraceforsuccess.ThismeansthattechnologicalproductsandservicesarepoppingupallovertheAmericanlandscape.Education,onceviewedasapublicgoodwithequalaccessforall,isnowupforsaletothosewhocanaffordspecializedservicesandcomputerprograms.WethinkschoolshaveservedAmericaandtheworldverywell.Wegreatlyadmiretheteacherswhohavededicatedthemselvestohelpingchildrenfromdifferentbackgroundstolearnandthriveinachangingworld.Schoolshavemadeinvaluablecontributionstotheworld'sdevelopmentandwethinktheywillcontinuetodosowellintothefuture.

However,wethinkitistimethateducatorsandpolicymakersstarttorethinkeducationapartfromschooling.Educationisalifelongenterprise,whileschoolingformostencompassesonlyagesfiveto18or21.Evenwhenstudentsareinschoolmuchoftheireducationhappensoutsideofschool.Weallknowthattechnologyhastransformedourlargersociety.Ithasbecomecentraltopeople'sreading,writing,calculating,andthinking,whicharethemajorconcernsofschooling.Andyettechnologyhasbeenkeptintheperipheryofschools,usedforthemostpartonlyinspecializedcourses.

Thecentralchallengeiswhetherourcurrentschoolswillbeabletoadaptandincorporatethenewpoweroftechnology-drivenlearningforthenextgenerationofpublicschooling.Ifschoolscannotsuccessfullyintegratenewtechnologiesintowhatitmeanstobeaschool,thenthelongidentificationofschoolingwitheducation,developedoverthepast150years,willdissolveintoaworldwherewealthierstudentspursuetheirlearningoutsideofthepublicschool.

1.Whatcausedtheemergenceofuniversalschoolinginthe19thcentury?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthe2ndparagraphabouttheauthor'sviewonnewtechnologies?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thedigitalrevolutionisbeneficialfor（

）.

4.Theword"periphery"inthe4paragraphprobablymeans

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thedigitalrevolution

B.theindustrialrevolution

C.thelearners'identification

D.thenewapproachtoeducation

问题2选项

A.Theonlineeducationwouldreplacethetraditionalcolleges.

B.Theleadingpositionofuniversitiesandschoolsmightbeunderthreat.

C.Thecomputersimulationcouldprovideworkerswithmoreopportunities.

D.Thelearningstrategiesandstyleswouldbedecidedbynewtechnologies.

问题3选项

A.theteachersinschoolsandcolleges

B.thebusinessmenstrivingforsuccess

C.thestudentsoutsideschoolsandcolleges

D.thebetter-offpurchasingeducationalproducts

问题4选项

A.theoutsideboundary

B.thespecialsites

C.theinnercircle

D.therelateddepartment

问题5选项

A.topresentthepowerofnewtechnologies

B.todescribethetransformationoflearningapproach

C.toadvocatethereformofeducationintheageoftechnology

D.toanalyzetheintegrationofnewtechnologiesintoschooling

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Thistransformationissimilartothetransitionfromapprenticeshiptouniversalschoolingthatoccurredinthe19thcenturyasaresultoftheindustrialrevolution.（这种转变类似于19世纪工业革命后从学徒制向普及教育的转变）可知选B。

第2题:观点态度题。由文章第二段中Newtechnologiescreatelearningopportunitiesthatchallengetraditionalschoolsandcolleges.（新技术创造了挑战传统学校和大学的学习机会）可知B选项“大学和学校的领导地位可能受到威胁”符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中Education,onceviewedasapublicgoodwithequalaccessforall,isnowupforsaletothosewhocanaffordspecializedservicesandcomputerprograms.（教育曾经被视为人人享有平等机会的公共利益，现在出售给那些能够负担得起专门服务和计算机程序的人）可知选D，作者认为，数字革命有利于较富裕的人购买教育产品。

第4题:词义题。theoutsideboundary意为“外界”；thespecialsites意为“特殊地点”；theinnercircle意为“核心集团，内圈”；therelateddepartment意为“相关部门”。由Andyettechnologyhasbeenkeptintheperipheryofschools,usedforthemostpartonlyinspecializedcourses.（然而，技术一直保存在学校的外围，大部分只在专业课程中使用）可知选A。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了数字革命给教育带来的改革，学校教育受到挑战。由最后一段中Ifschoolscannotsuccessfullyintegratenewtechnologiesintowhatitmeanstobeaschool,thenthelongidentificationofschoolingwitheducation,developedoverthepast150years,willdissolveintoaworldwherewealthierstudentspursuetheirlearningoutsideofthepublicschool.（如果学校不能成功地将新技术融入学校教育，那么过去150年来发展起来的对学校教育的长期认同就会消失。将进入一个富裕的学生在公立学校之外继续学习的世界）可知作者写这篇文章的目的是倡导科技时代的教育改革，因此选C。

17.单选题

OrdinarilythesurfaceoftheplanetisnearlyattheboHingpointofwateronEarth,100.2-101°Caccordingtothedatafromtheorbitingsatellite.

问题1选项

A.surfaceoftheplanet

B.nearlyatthe

C.boHingpoint

D.fromtheorbitingsatellite

E.没有问题

【答案】E

18.单选题

Theschoolauthority（

）professorWatsonthathewouldgetonemillionin5years.

问题1选项

A.ensured

B.assured

C.insured

D.sured

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考