考研考博-英语-安徽警官职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽警官职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theexplosionofastarisanawesomeevent.Themostviolentofthesecataclysms,whichproducesupernovae,probablydestroysastarcompletely.Withinourgalaxyofroughly100billionstarsthelastsupernovawasobservedin1604.Muchsmallerexplosions,however,occurquitefrequently,givingrisetowhatastronomerscallnovaeanddwarfnovae.Ontheorderof25novaeoccurinourgalaxyeveryyear,butonlytwoorthreearenearenoughtobeobserved.About100dwarfnovaeareknownaltogether.Iftheexplodingstarisinanearbypartofthegalaxy,itmaycreatea“newstar”thatwasnotpreviouslyvisibletothenakedeye.ThelastnewstarofthissortthatcouldbeobservedclearlyfromtheNorthernHemisphereappearedin1946.Inthesesmallerexplosionsthestarlosesonlyaminutefractionofitsmassandsurvivestoexplodeagain.

Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupernovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle.Ishalldescriberecentinvestigationsthathaveprovidedimportantnewinformationaboutthesetwoclassesofexplodingstar.Thepicturethatemergesisquiteastonishing.Itappearsthateverydwarfnova—andperhapseverynova—isamemberofapairofstars.Thetwostarsaresoclosetogetherthattheyrevolvearoundapointthatliesbarelyoutsidethesurfaceofthelargerstar.Asaresulttheperiodofrotationisusuallyonlyafewhoursandtheirvelocitiesrangeupwardtowithinatwo-hundredththespeedoflight.

Astronomersusetheterm“cataclysmicvariable”toembracethethreegeneralclassesofexplodingstar:dwarfnovae,novae,andsupemovae.Acataclysmicvariableisdefinedasastarthatsuddenlyandunpredictablyincreasesinbrightnessbyafactorofatleast10.Dwarfnovaearestarsthatincreaseinbrightnessbyafactorof10too100withinaperiodofseveralhoursanddeclinetotheirformerbrightnessintwoorthreedays.Inthisperiodtheyemitsome1038to1039ergsofenergy.Atmaximumbrillianceadwarfnovashinesaboutasintenselyasoursun;previouslyithadbeenonlyaboutahundredthasbright.Thenumberofoutburstsrangesanywherefrom3to30ayear,butforanystartheintervalshaveafairlyconstantvalue.Moreover,themaximumbrightnessfromoutbursttooutburstisthesamewithinafactoroftwoforagivenstar.Thedwarfnovaeareoftenreferredto,aftertheirprototypes,asUGeminorumorSSCygnistars.(Thestarsofeachconstellationaredesignatedbylettersornumbers.)Asubgroupofdwarfnovae,calledZCamelopardalisstars,donotalwaysdescendtominimumbrightnessbetweenoutburstsbutmaystayatsomeintermediatelevelforseveralmonths.

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Thereasonwhydwarfnovaeexplodeis

（

）.

3.Itislikelythatintheparagraphthatfollowsthispassagetheauthorwilldiscuss（

）.

4.ItcanbeseenfromthelastparagraphofthepassagethatZCamelopardalisstarsare

（

）.

5.Astronomersareacquaintedwithapproximately（

）.

问题1选项

A.CataclysmicVariables

B.ExplodingStars

C.MiraclesintheSkies

D.OurExpandingUniverse

问题2选项

A.thattheyemittremendousamountsofenergy

B.acataclysmicvariable

C.thattheyaretwinstars

D.notknown

问题3选项

A.thecharacteristicsoftheexplosionofanova

B.supernovae

C.oursunasadwarfnova

D.howthetwinstarsrevolve

问题4选项

A.supemovae

B.atminimumbrillianceforseveralmonths

C.belongingtoitssubgroupofadwarfnovaefamily

D.atmaximumbrillianceforalongertimethanotherstars

问题5选项

A.100dwarfnovae

B.35novae

C.10novae

D.3to30novaeayear

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段“Muchsmallerexplosions,however,occurquitefrequently,givingrisetowhatastronomerscallnovaeanddwarfnovae.”指出星体的爆炸及其产生的其他不同的星体——矮新星、新星和超新星。文章随后介绍了天体物理学家对这些爆炸星体的观察结果，并且天体物理学家将这三类爆炸的星体统称为激变形变光星，最后文章对其中的矮新星进行了详细的介绍。所以答案为B。

2.细节事实题。定位第二段中“Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupernovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle天体物理学家都相当满意，他们可以解释超新星的爆炸。新星和矮新星更像是一个谜。”可知D项正确。

3.判断推理题。题干问“在这篇文章之后的段落中作者将会探讨？”定位到最后一段，“Astronomersusetheterm“cataclysmicvariable”toembracethethreegeneralclassesofexplodingstar:dwarfnovae,novae,andsupernovae.”天文学家使用“灾变变量”一词来概括爆炸恒星的三大类:矮新星、新星和超新星。”再结合前文中的“Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupenovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle天体物理学家对他们能解释超新星的爆炸相当满意。新星和矮新星更像是一个谜。”既然物理学家对超新星的爆炸相当满意，可推知接下来可能会继续探讨有关超新星的问题。

4.细节事实题。定位到最后一段中“Asubgroupofdwarfnovae,calledZCamelopardalisstars,donotalwaysdescendtominimumbrightnessbetweenoutburstsbutmaystayatsomeintermediatelevelforseveralmonths.矮新星的子群，称为Z鹿豹座恒星,其亮度不总是在爆发的间隙下降至最低，但或许在几个月的时间里保持中等水平。可知C项“属于矮新星科的一个亚群”正确。

5.细节事实题。由第一段中“About100dwarfnovaeareknownaltogether.已知的矮新星总共有大约100颗”可知A项正确。

2.单选题

Thefactthatthegoldeneagleusuallybuildsitsnestonsomehighcliffs（

）italmostimpossibletoobtaintheeggsortheyoungbirds.

问题1选项

A.renders

B.reckons

C.regards

D.relates

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项render“致使”；B选项reckon“计算；认为，把……看作”；C选项regard“看待，认为”；D选项relate“有联系，连接”。句意：金雕通常将巢筑在高高的悬崖上，这一事实使得获取鸟蛋或小鸟几乎不可能。结合句意，可知A选项正确。

3.单选题

Thejudgerebukedthepolicefortheirtreatmentoftheprisoner.

问题1选项

A.defended

B.reproved

C.approved

D.ratified

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项defendedv.辩护，防护，保卫；B选项reprovedv.责骂，谴责，刁难；C选项approvedv.批准，赞成，审核；D选项ratifiedv.批准，认可。根据题意法官指责了警官对待犯人的方式可知，B项符合题意。

4.单选题

Howdotheprofessionaltimekeepersoftheworddetermine,totheprecisenanosecond,whenanewyearbegins?Theysimplyconsultanatomicclock.Andattheendoflastmonth,justintimetoringinthenewyear,theHewlett-Packardcompany,ofPaloAlto,California,unveiledthelatestinthesemeticuloustime-pieces.Fornearly30years,thefirmhasbeensupplyingmilitaryandscientificclientswithatomicclocks;themostadvancedmodelsneithergainnorlosemorethanasecondevery800,000years.Butthenewestversion,a$54,0000devicethesizeofadesktopcomputer,isaccuratetoonesecondin1.6millionyears—farlongerthanallofhumanhistorytodate.

Itisnaturaltowonderwhocouldpossiblyneedsuchprecision.Theanswer:practicallyeveryone,atleastindirectly.Telephoneandcomputernetworksrelyonatomicclockstosynchronizetheflowoftrillionsofbitsofinformationaroundthenationandtheworld,thusavoidingmammothelectroniclogjams.Televisionandradiostationsusetheclockstotimetheirbroadcasts.Satellite-basednavigationsystemsdependonthedevicestomeasurethearrivaltimeofradiosignalstowithinatinyfractionofsecond,allowinguserstogaugetheirlocationtowithinafewfeet.Thearmedforcesuseatomicclockstohelptrackthealmostimperceptiblemotionsofcontinentsacrossthesurfaceoftheearthandgalaxiesandstarsacrossthesky.EventhepeoplewhodroppedtheballinNewYorkCity’sTimesSquaretosignalthestartof1992reliedonatimekeepingsourcethatwaspeggedultimatelytoanatomicclock.

Theprinciplethatliesbehindallthisprecisioncomesoutofquantumphysics.Whenanatomisbombardedwithelectromagneticradiation—inthiscase,microwaves—itselectronsshiftintoanewenergystate.Eachtypeofatomrespondsmostreadilytoaparticularfrequencyofradiation.Forthecesium133atomsinmostatomicclocks,thefrequencyis9,192,613,770vibrationspersecond.Thatmeansthatwhenamicrowavebeaminsidetheclockissetexactlytothatfrequency,themaximumnumberofatomswillundergotheenergyshift.Thissignalstheclock’sinternalcomputerthatthedeviceiscorrectlytuned.Andinfact,itisthevibratingmicrowavesthatkeeptime;theatomsareusedjusttokeepthemontrack.

Theoretically,anatomicclockcouldkeepperfecttime,buttheactualperformancedependsonengineeringdetailsexactlyhowthemicrowaveshitthecesiumatoms,howsophisticatedtheelectronicsareandsoon.ItwasbyimprovingfactorslikethesethatHewett-Packardboosteditsclocks’performancefromincrediblygoodtoevenbetter.Thenextgenerationofclocksshoulddobettersill,butnooneissurewhenthatgenerationwillcomealong.Fornew,asecondeverymillionandahalfyearswillhavetodo.

31.Thenewestatomicclockisaccurateto______.

32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned?

33.Atomicclockisveryaccuratebecause______.

34.Thenextgenerationofclockwillbemade______.

问题1选项

A.30years

B.nomorethanasecondevery800,000years

C.asecondin1.6millionyears

D.$54,000

问题2选项

A.Televisionandradiostationsuseatomicclockstotimetheirbroadcasts.

B.Thearmedforcesuseatomicclockstotimesecretcallstosubmarinesaroundtheworld.

C.Scientistsuseatomicclockstogaugethelocationofcontinentsacrossthesurfaceoftheearth.

D.Telephoneandcomputernetworksrelyonatomicclockstosynchronizetheflowoflargeamountofinformationaroundthenationandtheworld.

问题3选项

A.quantumphysicskeepsperfecttime

B.thecesium133atomskeepsperfecttime

C.electro-magneticradiationkeepstime

D.thevibratingmicrowaveskeeptime

问题4选项

A.inasecond

B.inamillionyears

C.inahalfyear

D.inthetimenooneissureof

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】31.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“最新的原子钟精确到……”。根据第一段最后一句Butthenewestversion,a$54,0000devicethesizeofadesktopcomputer,isaccuratetoonesecondin1.6millionyears（但是最新的版本，一台价值540000美元的台式电脑大小的设备，精确到160万年中的一秒）可知，C项“160万年一秒”正确，D项“54000美元”不符合题干。根据第一段倒数第二句Fornearly30years,thefirmhasbeensupplyingmilitaryandscientificclientswithatomicclocks;themostadvancedmodelsneithergainnorlosemorethanasecondevery800,000years.（近30年来，该公司一直为军事和科研客户提供原子钟；最先进的模型每80万年增加或减少的时间都不超过一秒。）可知，A项“30年”错误，B项“每80万年不超过一秒”是最先进的版本，并不是最新的。因此，该题选择C项正确。

32.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“以下哪项没有提到？”。由第二段第二句Telephoneandcomputernetworksrelyonatomicclockstosynchronizetheflowoftrillionsofbitsofinformationaroundthenationandtheworld,thusavoidingmammothelectroniclogjams.（电话和计算机网络依靠原子钟来同步全国和全世界数万亿比特信息的流动，从而避免了巨大的电子堵塞。）可知，D项“电话和计算机网络依靠原子钟来同步全国和世界各地大量信息的流动”符合原文。由第二段第三句Televisionandradiostationsusetheclockstotimetheirbroadcasts.（电视和广播电台用这些钟来给他们的广播计时。）可知，A项“电视和广播电台使用原子钟来计时他们的广播”有提到。根据第二段倒数第二句和第三句Satellite-basednavigationsystemsdependonthedevicestomeasurethearrivaltimeofradiosignalstowithinatinyfractionofsecond,allowinguserstogaugetheirlocationtowithinafewfeet.Thearmedforcesuseatomicclockstohelptrackthealmostimperceptiblemotionsofcontinentsacrossthesurfaceoftheearthandgalaxiesandstarsacrossthesky.（基于卫星的导航系统依靠这些设备来测量无线电信号的到达时间，误差不超过几分之一秒，这让用户可以在几英尺内测量自己的位置。军队使用原子钟来追踪地球表面上几乎无法察觉的大陆运动，以及天空中星系和恒星的运动。）可知，使用原子钟来追踪大陆在地表上的位置在文中有提到，但是军队使用原子钟来计时秘密呼叫在文中并没有体现，所以B项“武装部队使用原子钟来计时向世界各地的潜艇发出的秘密呼叫”错误，C项“科学家使用原子钟来测量大陆在地球表面的位置”正确。因此，该题选择B项正确。

33.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“原子钟非常准确是因为……”。根据文章第三段首句Theprinciplethatliesbehindallthisprecisioncomesoutofquantumphysics.（所有这些精确背后的原理来自量子物理学。）可知，原子钟的精准性是来源于量子物理学，A项“量子物理精确计时”正确。B项“133铯原子精确计时”、C项“电磁辐射计时”和D项“振动的微波计时”都是原子钟的原理，属于量子物理。因此，该题选择A项正确。

34.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下一代时钟将在……时候制造出来”。文章最后一段倒数第二句指出Thenextgenerationofclocksshoulddobettersill,butnooneissurewhenthatgenerationwillcomealong.（下一代钟表应该会做得更好，但没人确定这一代何时会出现。）可知，D项“没人能确定”正确。A项“一秒钟”、B项“一百万年”和C项“半年”都不正确。因此，该题选择D项正确。

5.单选题

Theexaminationquestiontotallyperplexedher.

问题1选项

A.fascinated

B.confused

C.enlightened

D.saddened

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项fascinated“着迷的；被深深吸引的”；B选项confused“困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的”；C选项enlightened“开明的；文明的；有知识的；觉悟的”；D选项saddened“难过的；悲伤的”。句意：考题把她完全难住了。结合此处关键词question（问题），得知B选项正确。

6.单选题

Inpracticethetheoryoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.

问题1选项

A.decline

B.fluctuate

C.frustrate

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项decline“下降；衰落；谢绝”；B选项fluctuate“波动；涨落；动摇”；C选项frustrate“失败；受挫”；D选项prosper“繁荣，昌盛；成功”。句意：在实践中，这一理论往往使铁路公司处于决定哪些公司会兴旺发达、哪些会倒闭的位置。结合此处关键词fail“衰败；倒闭”，可推测前文的单词应是与之相反的词，得知D选项正确。

7.单选题

ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary（）thelettertotheEditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.

问题1选项

A.copy

B.issue

C.magazine

D.printing

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项copy“抄送，副本”；B选项issue“问题，期号”；C选项magazine“杂志”；D选项printing“印刷”。句意：我非常高兴在贵刊二月的一期中读到了约翰逊教授写给编辑的信。这里指的是某杂志二月份的那一期，所以选项B符合语境。

8.单选题

Thepuritanarmyexecutedtheking,abolishedtheHouseofLords,andgottheHouseof

Commonsto（）Englanda"commonwealth",orrepublic.

问题1选项

A.proclaim

B.reclaim

C.exclaim

D.declaim

【答案】A

【解析】句意:清教徒军队处决了国王，废除了上议院，并让下议院宣布英格兰为“联邦”或共和国。

考查动词辨析。proclaim宣布；宣称；reclaim开拓；改造某人;exclaim呼喊；declaim演讲；朗读。空格处动词后面的句意为“英格兰为“联邦”或共和国”，因此A符合句意。

9.单选题

Thatkindofbirdhasbecomemore____aroundherelately;weshouldprotectthemfrombeingshot.

问题1选项

A.various

B.numerable

C.multiple

D.numerous

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.various各种各样的B.numerable可数的

C.multiple数量多的D.numerous许多的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析

【解题思路】空格所在部分语义为“这种鸟最近在这里变得更加____（more____）了”，空格处所填词在该句中做表语；根据后文“我们应该保护它们不受枪击”推测，这种鸟在这里可能会被猎杀，一般鸟多的地方会出现偷猎行为，因此数量变多了符合原句语义衔接，D选项numerous“许多的”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项various“各种各样的”不符合原句语义衔接；

B选项numerable“可数的”，是numerous的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接；

C选项multiple“数量多的”，只能用于名词前，做定语，但原句中空格后没有名词；

【句意】最近这种鸟在这里越来越多了；我们应该保护它们不受枪击。

10.单选题

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

问题1选项

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:记者和摄像师们都因为这个演员在采访中的无礼行为而感到被冒犯。

名词辨析。恼怒,生气;offence冒犯;常用于短语takeoffenceatsth.表示“因为某事而感到被伤害、被冒犯”；resentment怨恨;irritation愤怒。因此根据句意及搭配推断B项正确。

11.填空题

Chongqing（1）tobepartofSichuan,butitwas（2）fromtheprovincein1997andmade（3）self-governingmunicipality.Thenewpoliticalunithasapopulation（4）about33millionpeople,butonly7.5millionofthemliveintheurbanarea.The（5）ofthemliveinthenearbydistrictsthatarepartofthemunicipality.

【答案】1.used

2.separated

3.a

4.of

5.rest

【解析】1.固定搭配。usedtobe曾经是。

2.固定搭配。beseparatedfrom与……分离

3.语法分析。此处填不定冠词a,表示“一个”。

4.语义题。Hasapopulationof后面接具体人数表示“有…人”。

5.语义题。Rest其余的。

12.单选题

Scientistshopethecollisionwillproducealargecraterinthecomet’ssurfaceinordertorevealthecoreandgivesome______totheoriginofthesolarsystem.

问题1选项

A.sources

B.interpretations

C.clues

D.observations

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项source“来源，水源，原始资料”，B项interpretation“解释，翻译，演出”，C项clue“线索，（故事等的）情节”，D项observation“观察，监视，观察报告”。根据givesome______totheoriginofthesolarsystem“为太阳系的起源提供一些……”可知，“线索”符合语境。句意：科学家们希望这次碰撞将在彗星表面产生一个巨大的陨石坑，以便揭示其核心，并为太阳系的起源提供一些线索。因此，该题选择C项正确。

13.问答题

ThereasonwhyJamesBondmoviesare(A)sopopularis(B)because(C)theycombinetheappealoftraditionalspy(D)storieswiththeappealoftechnologicaldevices.

【答案】试题答案：C；that

【解析】考查名词性从句。Thereasonwhy...isthat表语从句（……的原因是……）是固定句型，is后面用that，不能用because。

14.单选题

Mrs.Affluenceiswidelyknownasa______whohasgivenmillionsofdollarstocharityandwhosegenerosityhashelpedcountlesspoorpeople.

问题1选项

A.pauper

B.glutton

C.conformist

D.philanthropist

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pauper穷人，乞丐B.glutton暴食者，贪食者

C.conformist循规蹈矩的人D.philanthropist慈善者，博爱主义者

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，who引导的定语从句是修饰空格处的词语，根据从句内容“她捐献了数百万美元给慈善团体，她的慷慨行为已经帮助了无数穷人”可知，空格处填入“慈善家”符合句意。因此，该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

15.单选题

Johnhassuch（）powerthathisfriendsalwaysbehaveinthewaythathewantsthemto.

问题1选项

A.convincing

B.feasible

C.operational

D.manipulative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项convincing“令人信服的，有说服力的”，B项feasible“可行的，可能的”，C项operational“操作的，运作的”，D项manipulative“巧妙处理的，操纵的”。根据空格后面的句意“他的朋友们总是按他所希望的那样行事”可知，空格部分填入convincing最合适。句意：约翰很有说服力，他的朋友们总是按他所希望的那样行事。因此，该题选择A项正确。

16.单选题

Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpre-industrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Moderncomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution（1760-1840）when10-to-12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Even,withextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincomesandstandardsoflivingwerelow.AsincomesroseneartheendoftheIndustrialRevolution,itbecameincreasinglycommontotreatSaturdayafternoonsasahalf-dayholiday.ThehalfholidayhadbecomestandardpracticeinBritainbythe1870’s,butdidnotbecomecommonintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1920’s.

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstthirdofthetwentiethcenturysawtheworkweekmovefrom60hoursperweektojustunder50hoursbythestartofthe19305s.In1914HenryFordreduceddailyworkhoursathisautomobileplantsfrom9to8.In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,FordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuchasUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse,buttheideawaspopularwithworkers.

TheDepressionyearsofthe1930havebroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodemlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940,andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.Adjustmentsinvariousplaces,however,showthatthisstandardisnotimmutable.In1987,forexample,Germanmetalworkersstruckforandreceiveda37.5-hourworkweek;andin1990manyworkersinBritainwona37-hourweek.Since1989,theJapanesegovernmenthasmovedfroma6-toa5-dayworkweekandhassetanationaltargetof1800workhoursperyearfortheaverageworker.TheaverageamountofworkperyearinJapanin1989was2088hoursperworker,comparedto1957fortheUnitedStatesand1646forFrance.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Comparedtopre-industrialtimes,thenumberofhoursintheworkweekinthenineteenthcentury（）.

3.WhatisonereasonforthechangeinthelengthoftheworkweekfortheaverageworkerintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930’s?

4.WhichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthepurposesoftheFairLaborStandardsActof1938?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasevidencethatthelengthoftheworkweekhasbeendecliningsincethenineteenthcentury?

问题1选项

A.Whypeopleinpre-industrialsocietiesworkedfewhoursperweek

B.WorkingconditionsduringtheIndustrialRevolution

C.Acomparisonofthenumberofhoursworkedperyearinseveralindustries

D.Changesthathaveoccurredinthenumberofhoursthatpeopleworkperweek

问题2选项

A.remainedconstant

B.decreasedslightly

C.increasedsignificantly

D.decreasedsignificantly

问题3选项

A.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentinstituteda35-hourworkweek.

B.LaborstrikesinseveralcountriesinfluencedlaborpolicyintheUnitedStates.

C.Severalcorporationsincreasedthelengthoftheworkweek.

D.Severalpeoplesometimessharedasinglejob.

问题4选项

A.Todiscourageworkersfromaskingforincreasedwages

B.Toallowemployerstosetthelengthoftheworkweekfortheirworkers

C.Toestablishalimitonthenumberofhoursintheworkweek

D.Torestricttradewithcountriesthathadalongworkweek

问题5选项

A.Thehalf-dayholiday

B.UnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse

C.HenryFord

D.Germanmetalworkers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文首先将前工业时代的周工时与工业革命时期的周工时进行比较，接着说明了不同年代周工时的变化。故D项“人们每周工作的时长发生了变化”正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词pre-industrialtimes定位到第一段“peopleinpre-industrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Moderncomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution（1760-1840）when10-to-12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.前工业社会的人们每天花3到4个小时，或每周花20个小时做生活所必需的工作。然而，对每周工作量的现代比较始于工业革命（1760年至1840年），当时每周工作6天、每天工作10至12小时是常态。”据此可知19世纪每周的工作时间相比前工业时代有大幅增长。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干定位到第三段“TheDepressionyearsofthe1930havebroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodernlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.20世纪30年代的经济大萧条带来了工作分担的概念，使人们可以到处寻找工作;在美国，每周工作时间降至35小时的现代最低点。”可知美国周工时下降的原因是一些人共同分担一个工作。故D项正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“FairLaborStandardsAct”定位到第三段“In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940,andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.1938年，《公平劳动标准法》（FairLaborStandardsAct）规定，从1940年开始，每周工作时间不得超过40小时。从那以后，8小时工作制和5天工作制就成了美国的标准。”由此可知该法案设定每周40小时的工作时间的目的是给美国工人提出的一个工作标准，以此限定每周的工时。故C项正确。

5.细节事实题。文中有关“UnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse”的内容出现在“In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,FordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuchasUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse,buttheideawaspopularwithworkers.1926年，他宣布从今以后他的工厂将在星期六全天关闭。当时，福特受到了美国钢铁公司（UnitedStatesSteel）和西屋电气公司（Westinghouse）等其他公司的批评，但这个想法受到了工人的欢迎。”由此可知这两个公司不赞成福特周六不上班的想法。故B项不是自19世纪以来周工时削减的证据。答案B。

17.单选题

IthasbeenannouncedthatphysicistsfromdifferentcountrieswillgatherinNewYorkfora____nextmonth.

问题1选项

A.symphony

B.symmetry

C.symposium

D.symptom

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.symphony交响乐B.symmetry对称（性）

C.symposium研讨会D.symptom征兆

【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析

【解题思路】前文提到“来自不同国家的物理学家聚集到一起”，而空格处所填词是他们聚集到一起的目的，C选项symposium“研讨会”最符合语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均为symposium“研讨会”的形近词，但都不能使原句前后语义衔接。

【句意】据通知，来自不同国家的物理学家将于下个月聚集在纽约参加一个研讨会。

18.单选题

InFebruaryof2005,PhilBelfiorewasteachinghisseventh-gradestudentshowtowriteapoemintentionallycopyingthestyleoftheRobertfrost’s“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”.Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine:“WhosephonethisisIthinkyouknow/Icannotansweritnowthough/Sostateyourname,beveryclear/I’llcallyoubackwhenIgethome.’’.

Thatactwouldleadtooneofthemostunusualfriendshipsofhislife.

WhenPhilandhisfamilyreturnedtoMarylandfromEastervacation,helistenedtohisvoicemessages.Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.Butheaddedhe’dheartilyenjoyedthepoem.Phillaughedandthoughtnothingmoreofit,untilthephonerangafewdayslater.

“Irecognizedthevoiceimmediately,”recallsPhil,now57.“Hesaidthathewassorrytobotherme,buthewascallingtohearthepoemagain.”

Thetwomentalked.JohnThompson,aveterannow73,livedinCheyenneWyoming.Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.“Beforehangingup,Itoldhimtocallbackanytimewhethertohearmoreofthepoemorjusttotalk”recallsPhil.

Thatwas11yearsago.They’vespokenonthephoneafewtimesamontheversince.Johninitiatesmostcalls,butPhilwillringifawhilehaspassed.“Weseemtoalwaysconnectwhenthere’sbeenabigsportsevent.”Philsays.

Themendiscussfootballandfamily.JohnwilltalkexcitedlyabouthispastlifeorupdatePhilonfolkshehasbeenintouchwith.“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,”saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup.Sometimeswejusttalkforaminutetoseehowtheotherisdoing.”

“Likeoldfriends?”Iaskeagerly.I’mtryingtounderstandfromPhilwhatdrawsthesementoeachother.’’Weareoldfriends.’’,Philsays.

Noneedtooverthinkit.John,whoover11yearshassharedalittleofhimselfatatime,haswovenhimselfintothefabricofPhil’slife.IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.HetellsmestoriesofhischildhoodvisitingCapitolHill.

Intheyearssince,JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.Neithermindsthislatest“haven’t”.Theyhaven’tgonetoagametogether,hadacupofcoffeetogether,orsatontheotherssofa.Theirfriendshipisbasedonthesimpleactofpickingupthephone.It’sassimple,andasextraordinary,asthat.

1.WhocomposedtheverseonthePhil’shomeansweringmachine?

2.ThereasonwhyJohnfirstcalledPhilwasthathewantedto_______.

3.Whatdidthetwomentalkaboutmostduringtheirtalks?

4.WhatdoweknowaboutJohnandPhil?

问题1选项

A.PhilBelfiore

B.JohnThompson

C.Robertfrost

D.DavidThompson

问题2选项

A.learntowritepoems

B.gotoPhil’sbirthdaylunch

C.connecthisbrother

D.discussRobertfrostwithhim

问题3选项

A.Storiesandholidayromance

B.Travelandexoticplaces

C.Poemsandliterature

D.Sportsandfamily

问题4选项

A.Theywerebestfriendswhohadnotyetmetinperson.

B.Theywerebothpoetswhohadpassionforversecomposition.

C.Theyweregoodstorytellerswhohadextraordinarymemories.

D.Theywerebothveteranswholikedchattingonphoneforhours.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：谁编著了菲尔家答录机里的这首诗？通过题干定位到文章第一段的第二句话Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine（他很喜欢他写给学生的样例，所以他将其录入了家里的答录机），这里的“he”代指的就是前文中提到的“PhilBelfiore”，因此A选项“菲尔•贝尔菲奥尔”，符合题意。其他选项均不是答录机里这首诗的作家。综上所述，本题正确答案为A选项。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：约翰首次呼叫菲尔的原因是他想要……？通过题干定位到文章第三段第二句话Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.（一位绅士为打错电话而道歉。），第五段第三句话再次提及Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.（约翰的哥哥大卫的电话号码和菲尔家的仅差一个数字，所以打错了电话），可以推断出约翰本来想和他的哥哥打电话，因为按错了号码打给了菲尔，因此C选项“联系他哥哥”，符合题意；A选项“学习怎么写诗”，B选项“参加菲尔的生日宴会”和D选项“和他探讨罗伯特这位诗人”，在文中均未提及。综上所述，本题正确答案为C选项。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：两位男士谈论得最多的是?通过题干定位到文章第七段Themendiscussfootballandfamily…“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,’’saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup…”（男人们谈论足球和家庭……“这些年来，我们的谈话慢慢变得越来越私人。”菲尔说。“我们主要谈论约翰的健康和感情生活，还有我们的亲戚、爱好和其他的……”），可知D选项“运动和家庭”，符合题意；A选项“故事和假期”；B选项“旅行和异国”；C选项“诗歌和文学”，在文中均未提及。综上所述，本题正确答案为D选项。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干：关于约翰和菲尔，我们知道什么？A选项“他们是没有见过面的最好的朋友”，由文章最后一段第一句话JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.（约翰和菲尔有过两次见面计划，但是情况都有变动。），可知他们从没见面过，故A选项正确；B选项“他们都是对诗歌创作很有热情的诗人”，D选项“他们都是喜欢长时间打电话的退伍军人”文中提及菲尔是教师，约翰是退伍老兵，因此B，D选项错误；C选项“他们都是有特殊回忆的善于说故事的人”，文章倒数第二段第二句提及IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.（我认为约翰是一位有特殊回忆的善于说故事的人），但是并没有