考研考博-英语-山东协和学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东协和学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ThegovernmentmakesrichpensionersricherstillBRITAIN’Spensionersareacossetedlot.Since2011theirstatepensionshavebeenprotectedbythe“triplelock?”whichensurestheyrisealongwithprices,warningsor2.5%,whicheverishigher.PerksfortheoldsuchasfreeTVlicensesandbuspassesandanannualwinterhandouttohelpwithheatinghaveallsurvivedausterity.Governmentbondspayingwellabovethemarketrateofinteresthavejustbeenmadeavailableexclusivelytothoseaged65andover.Isallthisgenerosityjustified?

Pensionersarepoorerthanworking-agepeople-almostallhaveincomesbelowthenationalaverage.Buttheyaretreatedbetterbythestate.Foranygivenprivateincome,retirees'equalizeddisposableincome-thatis,moneyavailabletospendafterthedeductionoftaxesandpaymentofbenefits,andadjustedtoaccountforhouseholdsize—ishigherthanthatofyoungerpeople

Thestatepension,currentlyworthabout£6.000(around$9,000)ayear,accountsformuchofthediscrepancy.Itisoftenseenasarewardforpastcontributions,notasapurebenefit,butthisisdubious:pensionsarefundedbytoday'staxpayers.Evenifpensionsarecountedasprivateincome,therichestpensionersstilldowellfromthestate.Theydonotpaynationalinsurance(ataxleviedonlyonearnedincome)ontheirprivatepensions,leavingmoremoneyforcruisesandconservatories.

OnJanuary27th,inaninterviewwiththeDailyTelegraphnewspaper,DavidCameronpromisedthatafutureConservativegovernmentwouldremovehousingbenefitfrom18-to21-years-oldsagroupthatsuffersfromhigher-than-averageunemploymentandalreadyreceiveslessgenerouswelfarepayments.Meanwhile,thesilver-hairedwhowillbenefitmostfromthegovernment’snewbondsarethosewhocanaffordtostashawaythefull£20,000limit—morethanayear'sincomeformostpensioners.It'sagoodtimetoberichandold.

1.“Austerity’inline5,paragraph1means（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

3.Discrepancy'inline2,paragraph3refersto（）.

4.InBritish,retireescangoforcruisesandconservatories,because（）.

5.WhyitisagoodtimetoberichandoldinBritish,because（）.

问题1选项

A.economicdepression.

B.simplicity

C.contradiction

D.financialretrenchment

问题2选项

A.Theretireesearnmorethantheyoungerpeople

B.Theretireesarefreeoftaxes

C.Theretiresalmostallhaslowerincomes.

D.Theretireesareallwellpaid.

问题3选项

A.differenceinincomebetweentheretireesandtheworkingpeople.

B.differenceinlifebetweentheretireesandtheworkingpeople.

C.differenceinattitudesbetweentheretireesandtheworkingpeople

D.differentinrewardbetweentheretireesandtheworkingpeople.

问题4选项

A.theydonotpaynationalinsuranceontheirprivatepensions.

B.theyearnmoremoneythantheyoungerpeople

C.theyhavemoretimethantheyoungerpeople

D.theygotarewardforTheirpastcontributions

问题5选项

A.8-to21-year-olds-agroupreceivesgenerouswelfarepayments

B.thesilver-hairedbenefitmostfromthegovernment.

C.therearelesspeopleover65.

D.theyhavemadegreatcontributiontothecountry.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段:PerksfortheoldsuchasfreeTVlicensesandbuspassesandanannualwinterhandouttohelpwithheatinghaveallsurvivedausterity(给老人们的附带福利，比如免费电视许可、巴士通行证以及每年发放的保暖健康手册在财政紧缩的当下统统保留了下来)。因此，此处谈及英国养老金额外津贴的发放背景，因此，选项中，只有D项符合“austerity筒朴，朴素，节衣缩食”符合语境。

2.判断推理题。各选项为:A:退休人员的收入比年轻人高。B:退休人员免税。C:退休人员几乎都收入较低。D:退休人员的工资都很高。第二段指出:Pensionersarepoorerthanworking-agepeople—almostallhaveincomesbelowthenationalaverage.Buttheyaretreatedbetterbythestate.Foranygivenprivateincome,retirees'equalizeddisposableincome—thatis,moneyavailabletospendafterthedeductionoftaxesandpaymentofbenefits,andadjustedtoaccountforhouseholdsize—ishigherthanthatofyoungerpeople(退休老人的收入低于正在工作的人们——大多数老人只能拿到低于国家平均工资水平的退休金。但是国家更优待他们。对于任何有固定收入的个人，退休人员的可支配收入——在交税和支付福利后并按照家庭收入比例作出调整的可支配金额——比年轻人的收入要高得多)，因此，A项正确，B项错误，C和D项表述过于绝对。

3.词义题。对于“Discrepancy”的理解可参考此句:Foranygivenprivateincome,retirees'equalizeddisposableincomeishigherthanthatofyoungerpeople(对于任何有固定收入的个人，退休人员的可支配收入比年轻人的收入要高得多)。因此，A项“退休人员和在职工人之间的收入差异”正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词cruisesandconservatories定位至倒数第二段:Theydonotpaynationalinsurance(ataxleviedonlyonearnedincome)ontheirprivatepensions,leavingmoremoneyforcruisesandconservatories(他们不需要为自己的养老金支付国民保险(仅针对自营收入征收的税种)，这样就有了更多的钱去旅游和听音乐会)。因此，A项“他们不需要为自己的养老金支付国民保险”正确。

5.细节事实题。全文在谈及老年人的养老金和老年人其他的福利，这都是因为政府的相关政策的支持。因此选B项“发白如银的老人从政府那里受益最多”。

2.单选题

Inasudden（）ofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.

问题1选项

A.attack

B.burst

C.split

D.blast

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项attack“攻击，抨击”；B选项burst“爆炸，猝发，突然爆发”；C选项split“劈开，裂缝”；D选项blast“冲击波，一阵”。句意：那人_____，把伸手可及的一切东西都撕碎了。这句话表达的意思是“那人勃然大怒”，因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Dogownersmust（）thedog’swasteincontainersprovidedthroughoutthepark.

问题1选项

A.pickup

B.setaside

C.disposeof

D.takeoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项pickup“捡起；获得；收拾”；B选项setaside“留出；驳回，撤销；不顾”；C选项disposeof“处理；转让；解决；吃光；除掉；卖掉”；D选项takeoff“起飞；脱下；离开；突然成功”。句意：养狗人必须用公园内提供的容器处理狗的排泄物。A选项pickup应该更侧重于捡起狗狗拉在地上的排泄物，而题干中说到了在容器内，在容器内处理狗狗的排泄物更适合，因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

I’mverygladtoknowthatmybosshasgenerouslyagreedto（

）mydebtinreturnforcertainservices.

问题1选项

A.takeaway

B.cutout

C.writeoff

D.clearup

【答案】C

【解析】动词短语辨析。句意:我很高兴得知老板慷慨地将我的债务（

），作为我为企业服务多年的一种回报。

takeaway:带走，拿走，取走。cutout:切断，删去，关掉。writeoff勾销，注销，取消。clearup:清理，放晴，整理，打扫。因此C项符合句意,在这里表示“将我的债务一笔勾销”。

5.单选题

Nowthecheersandapplause（

）inasinglesustainedroar.

问题1选项

A.mingled

B.tangled

C.baffled

D.huddled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项mingle“混合；交往”；B选项tangle“使……缠结在一起；打架”；C选项baffle“使……困惑；使……受挫折”；D选项huddle“挤在一起；蜷缩；靠拢”。句意：现在欢呼声和掌声……在一个持续的呼喊中。综合句意与选项可知，此处表示“欢呼声与掌声混合”，A选项符合题意。

6.单选题

ThelargetowersoftheGeorgeWashingtonBridgewerenotencasedinmasonrybutwereleftexposedtorevealtheirhandsomesteelstructure.

问题1选项

A.harsh

B.hoarse

C.good-looking

D.flagrant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乔治华盛顿大桥的桥塔并没有采用砖石结构，而是直接将塔身暴露在外，显示出它……钢结构。harsh“严酷的”；hoarse“嘶哑的”；good-looking“好看的，漂亮的”；flagrant“骇人听闻的”。根据“steelstructure”可以推测出handsome的意思是“雄伟的”。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Alargepartofhumanactivity,particularlyinrelationtotheenvironment,is____conditionsorevents.

问题1选项

A.inresponseto

B.infavorof

C.incontrastto

D.inexcessof

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.inresponseto对……的反应或回答B.infavorof赞成

C.incontrastto与……不同D.inexcessof超过

【答案】A

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】该句主语为“大部分的人类活动，特别是与环境有关的活动”，空格后的内容为“情况或事件”，A选项inresponseto“对……的反应或回答”符合前后语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文前后语义衔接。

【句意】大部分的人类活动，特别是与环境有关的活动，是对各种情况或事件的反应。

8.翻译题

两根平行的（parallel）橡皮筋（rubberband）所提供的力为一根橡皮筋的两倍。

【答案】Twoparallelrubberbandsprovidetwiceasmuchforceasonerubberband.

9.单选题

Ontheplaygroundandinthehallsofschools,expressionsofdislike,oreven______areoftenexplicitand______expressionsoflove.

问题1选项

A.stinginess…open-handed

B.discursiveness…shrew

C.animosity…defamatory

D.loathing…blatant

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.stinginess…open-handed吝啬……大方的，慷慨的B.discursiveness…shrew散漫……精明的，狡猾的

C.animosity…defamatory强烈敌意……诽谤的，中伤的D.loathing…blatant憎恨，憎恶……明目张胆的，公然的

【答案】D

【考查点】名词和形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据even可知，此处表示递进关系，而前面提到dislike（不喜欢），所以第一个空格要填入比dislike程度更深一点的词语，loathing表示afeelingofgreatdislikeanddisgust（非常厌恶的感觉），符合第一个空格。第二个空格和explicit（公开显露的，明确表达的）为并列成分，所以第二个空格也要填入一个和explicit相近的词语，因此D项词义符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合句子语义逻辑。

【句意】在操场上，在学校的大厅里，不喜欢的表达，甚至是厌恶的表达，往往是对爱的直接的和明目张胆的表达。

10.单选题

Humanevolutionislengthyprocessofchange()peopleoriginatedfromapelikeancestors.Scientificevidenceshowsthatthephysicalandbehavioraltraitssharedbyallpeopleevolvedoveraperiodofatleast6millionyears.

问题1选项

A.ofwhich

B.bywhich

C.forwhich

D.bythat

【答案】B

【解析】句意：人类的进化是一个漫长的变化过程，人类起源于类人猿的祖先。科学证据表明，所有人共有的生理和行为特征都是在至少600万年的时间里进化出来的。

11.单选题

The1982OilandGasActgivespowertopermitthedisposalofassetsheldbytheCorporation,and_______theCorporation’sstatutorymonopolyinthesupplyofgasforfuelpurposessoastopermitprivatecompaniestocompeteinthissupply.

问题1选项

A.defers

B.curtails

C.triggers

D.sparks

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“defers”意为“推迟；延期；服从”；B选项“curtails”意为“缩减；剪短；剥夺……特权”；C选项“triggers”意为“触发，引起；开动（装置）”；D选项“sparks”意为“发出火花；点燃；导致；求婚”。句意：1982年的《石油和天然气法案》赋予了允许处理公司持有资产的权力，并在供应天然气充当燃料的目的上，剥夺了公司的法定垄断特权，从而允许私人公司在供应方面竞争。由题干可知，横线后是theCorporation’sstatutorymonopoly（公司的法定垄断特权）而后文又说到topermitprivatecompaniestocompete（允许私人公司在供应方面竞争），由此可以推测出应该是剥夺了公司的垄断特权，所以私人公司才能在供应方面竞争。因此B选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Recentlythenewspapershavereportedseveral（）ontheboundariesofIsraelandJordan.

问题1选项

A.accidents

B.incidents

C.events

D.happenings

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。accidents“意外事故,交通事故”；incidents“事件，事变”；events“大事件，项目”；happenings“意外发生的事”。句意：最近，报纸报道了几起发生在以色列和约旦边境上的事件。首先可排除选项A和D；选项B含有“事变”的意思，更符合语境，所以正确。

13.单选题

ThewidespreadadoptionoftheInternetandtheWebmakesitpossibletoadministerquestionnairesurveyselectronically,potentiallyachievingmuchgreatercost-effectivenessandpermittingtheintegrationofdatafrommanyresources.Atthesametime,therearesignificanttechnicalchallengesthatmustbemet,especiallyintheareasoflogisticsandsampling.Recognizingtheneedforinnovationinthisandrelatedareas,theNSFMethodology,Measurement,andStatisticsProgram,incollaborationwithaconsortiumoffederalstatisticalagenciesrepresentedbytheInteragencyCouncilofStatisticalPolicyandtheFederalCommitteeonStatisticalMethodology,hasheldaspecialcompetitiononsurveyresearchmethods.Includedamongthetopicareasinthecompetitionannouncementis"secureandeasy-to-usemethodsofcollectingsurveydataviatheWeb".

Today'sleadingsocialscientificsurveysareveryexpensiveinterviewstudiesofnationalsamples.Forexample,theGSSadministersa90-minuteface-to-faceinterviewto1500Americanadultsatacostofabout$500perinterview.However,therespondentsarenotatruerandomsamplebecausecostconsiderationswithrespecttotheinterviewer'stravelrequirethatrespondentsberecruitedinalimitednumberofgeographicclusters,andthereisnolistofresidentsfromwhicharandomsamplecouldbedrawn.Thesmallnumberofgeographicareassurveyedlimitsscientists'abilitytolinkGSSdatatoothergeographicallybaseddatasuchastheU.S.census.BecauseofthehighcostandthemanyresearchcommunitiesthatseektimeintheGSS,itisimpossibletoincludemorethanahandfulofquestiononanyparticulartopic.ThispreventstheGSSfromemployingmuchofthebestmethodologyofmeasurementscaleconstruction,whichrequiresinclusionofalargenumberofitems.SurveysliketheGSSwillbeneededinfuturedecadestochartthechangingsocial,economic,andpoliticalconditionsoftheAmericanpublic.Butmanytypesofsocialsciencewilladvancemorerapidlythroughsurveysadministeredovertheweb.

Web-basedsurveyscanreachverylargenumbersofrespondentsatlowcost.Theywillbegeographicallydispersedsothattheirdatacanbe,linkedtothecensus,tolocaleconomicinformation,andtodatafromotherweb-basedsurveys.Itmightnotbepossibletoholdtheintervieweesinterestforthefull90-minutequestionnaireoftheGSS,butshorterdurationsurveysadministeredtoverylargenumberofrespondentscaninaggregateinclude,farmoreitems,therebypermittingmuchfinermeasurementofscientificallyinterestingvariables.ThehighcostofmajornationalsurveysgenerallyhasrestrictedthetopicstudiedtothosethatespeciallyrequirehighlyrepresentativesamplessuchasfamilystructureandeconomicstatusinthePanelStudyofIncomeDynamicsandvotingbehaviorintheAmericanNationalElectionStudy,datafrombothofwhicharenowfreelyavailableovertheweb.Avastarrayofotherscientificresearchareas,therefore,havelanguishedfrommanyyearswithoutthelarge-scalesurveydatathatwouldpermitknowledgetoprogress.

1.AdministeringsurveysviatheWebwouldresultin（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout（）.

3.Whatmakestraditionalsurveysunscientificaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.TheauthorfirmlybelievesthatWeb-basedsurveyswill（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthelastsentencethat（）.

问题1选项

A.thereductionofcostinvolvedindatacollection

B.secureandeasy-to-usemethodsofcollectingdata

C.moreconvincingconclusionsonthematersurveyed

D.allofabove

问题2选项

A.thedifferencesbetweentheWeb-basedandtraditionalsurveys

B.theadvantagesortheWeb-basedsurveys

C.theweaknessofthetraditionalsurveys

D.thecostinvolvedinconductingtraditionalsurveys

问题3选项

A.Thesamplingisnotmadestrictlyrandomly.

B.Theinterviewhastobeconductedface-to-face.

C.Improperquestionsareoftenincludedinasurvey.

D.Selectionofrespondentsisoftenamatterofpersonaldecision.

问题4选项

A.enhancetheeconomicstatusofanation

B.promotetheprogressofsocialsciences

C.changesocial,economicandpoliticalconditionsofthepublic

D.holdtheinterviewees’interestlongerthantraditionalsurveys

问题5选项

A.manyscientificareasstopmakingbreakthroughsforlackofeffectivedatacollection

B.scientific,researchstillmakesprogresswithoutlarge-scalesurveydatacollection

C.theprogressofknowledgedependsonachievementsmadebyallareasofsciencetogether

D.scientific,researchhasmadelittleprogressbeforethewidespreadadoptionoftheinternet

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段涉及到了A、B、C三个选项，achievingmuchgreatercost-effectiveness对应选项A，permittingtheintegrationofdatafrommanyresources，将许多资源整合到一起，从而使得这些资源的可信度更高，对应选项C，secureandeasy-to-usemethodsofcollectingsurveydataviatheWeb对应选项B。因此，这三个选项都应该包含在内，选项D符合题意。

2.文章第二段主要是以GSS为例子来说明了传统的调查方式的局限性。如，由于昂贵的采访费用，这类调查只能在某些特定的地方进行，并且它所调查的对象也不是随机选取的。所以选项C符合题意。

3.文章第二段提到由于采访所花费的费用不少，所以这类型的调查只能在特定的地区进行。因为取样的随机性不够（therespondentsarenotatruerandomsample），取得的结果肯定也会有影响，选项A符合题意。

4.文章第二段最后一句话butmanytypesofsocialsciencewilladvancemorerapidlythroughsurveysadministeredovertheweb提到通过网站开展调查，许多类型的社会科学将能够更快地发展。选项B符合题意。

5.文章最后一段最后一句avastarrayofotherscientificresearchareas,therefore,havelanguishedfrommanyyears提到许多需要大范围的调查数据的研究领域一直处于低迷的状态。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.

问题1选项

A.cuthimshort

B.gavehimup

C.turnedhimout

D.puthimthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项cutsb.short“打断某人”；B选项givesb.up“放弃某人”；C选项turnsb.out意为“驱逐某人”；D选项putsb.through“替某人接通”。由句中的but可知前后表示转折关系，结合句意可知选A。句意：杰克正要宣布我们的计划，但我打断了他。

15.单选题

Theresultmeansthatthe______worldchampionhasextendedhisleadinthisseason’schampionship.

问题1选项

A.tramping

B.loitering

C.reigning

D.strolling

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项tramping为动词tramp的现在分词，表示“踩，步行”，B项loitering为动词loiter的现在分词，表示“闲荡，虚度，盘旋”，C项reigning为形容词，表示“统治的，在位的，本届的”，D项strolling为形容词，表示“巡回演出的，消闲散步的”。空格处缺少一个定语修饰worldchampion“世界冠军”，由此可知，四个选项中只有C项符合语境。句意：这一结果意味着这位卫冕世界冠军在本赛季的锦标赛中扩大了领先优势。因此，该题选择C项正确。

16.单选题

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakness,thelistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

问题1选项

A.assurance

B.encouragement

C.persuasion

D.confirmation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果一个人谈论自己的弱点，那么他就会期望听者说些鼓励的话。

考查名词辨析。assurance保证;担保;encouragement鼓励；persuasion劝服；confirmation确认;证实。因此B符合句意。

17.单选题

Thosewhohaveneversufferedimpairmentofsightandhearingseldommakethefullestuseoftheirblessedfaculties.Theireyesandearstakeinallsightsandsounds（）.

问题1选项

A.lazily

B.indifferently

C.hazily

D.hastily

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。lazily“懒洋洋地”；indifferently“冷淡地，漠不关心地”;hazily“模糊地，朦胧地”；hastily“匆忙地，慌忙地”。句意：那些视觉和听觉从未受到损害的人很少充分利用这些有幸获得的官能，他们的眼睛和耳朵模糊地容纳所有的景象和声音。根据关键词seldommakethefullestuseoftheirblessedfaculties(很少充分利用这些有幸获得的官能)可知“模糊地或朦胧地”更符合语境，选项C符合题意。

18.写作题

Forthisport,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic"MyUnderstandingofGlobalization”.Youshouldwriteatleast200words.

【答案】MyUnderstandingofGlobalization19.单选题

______thebadweatherhasdelayedtheflight,soitwouldbeseveralhoursbeforetheycouldarrive.

问题1选项

A.Presumably

B.Respectively

C.Imaginably

D.Plausibly

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Presumably大概B.Respectively分别地，各自地

C.Imaginably可想象地D.Plausibly似真地

【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】由结果状语从句中的wouldbe可知，这里表示推测，所以空格处填入presumably符合语境。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项都不表示推测，不符合句意。

【句意】大概是恶劣的天气延误了航班，所以他们要等好几个小时才能到达。

20.单选题

AftertheBostonMarathonbombings,theprocessbywhichbreakingnewsandinformationaregeneratedanddisseminatedlookedmoreraggedandexposedthanever:CNNstumbled,theNewYorkPostpaintedatargetonahigh-schooltrackathlete;Redditlaunchedafailedhuntforthebombers;andthenameofSunilTripathi,amissingBrownstudent,trendedonTwitterforallthewrongreasons.

Theissue,inpart,isvelocity:newshasnevermovedfasterthanitdoesnow,andfeweventsofthepastseveralyearshavecapturedAmerica’sattentionliketheBostonbombings.Everynewbitofinformationwasinstantly,indiscriminatelysuckedintothemediavacuum.Ifthereisamediumofthismoment,itisTwitter.

Twitter'sintrinsic,relentlessdrivingofthenewmakesitthequintessentialmediumofbreakingnews,particularlycombinedwithitscapacityforspreadingthatnewswithbreathtakingease.Byclicking"retweet,’youcanre-broadcastatweetfromsomebodytoallofyourfollowers.Atweet,andtheinformationitcontains,cangoviralinseconds.Socanmisinformation,ascountlesscelebritieskilledbyTwittercanattest.AndthemechanicsofTwitterofferonlyawkwardpartialsolutionstothatproblem.TheWiredwriterMatHonan,likemanyothers,re-blastedatweetreferringtoSunilTripathias"Suspect#2"intheBostonbombings.Thatinformationwasgravelywrong,but,asHonandescribes,therewaslittlehecoulddotopreventitfromself-perpetuating.

Deeplydisturbedbythisinabilitytocorrectviralmisinformation,HonanproposesthatTwittershouldhaveacorrectionmechanismthatallowsuserstoeditandrebroadcasttweetsaftertheyareposted.Theoriginaltweetwouldremainintactwithinthecorrectedtweet,soitwouldnotsimplyvanishintoahole;therewouldbeaccountability.ThisimpulsetoregulatetheinformationeconomyofTwitterandensurethatdataandnewsisascorrectaspossibleisunderstandable.ButitwouldruinTwitterasweknowit.

ForallofthewaysinwhichTwitterhasevolvedsinceitscreation,in2006,whenitwasknownas“twttr,”whathasnotchangedishowprofoundlyTwitterreliesonnowness.Nownessisnotsimplynewness,orthenew:thequestionTwitterusedtoaskofuserswhentheywenttocomposeatweet,“What’shappening?”isadirectinquiryaboutthestateofnow.Twitter’sintensefocusonimmediacyhasmanifestedinmanysmallways—forinstance,userscanonlyseetheirthreethousandmostrecenttweets(andtheserviceonlyrecentlyaddedtheabilityforuserstodownloadtheirentireTwitterarchiveandconductsearchesoftweetsfromthepast).But,mostimportant,whenauserlogsintoTwitter,whattheyseeisaraw,unfilteredstream,withthenewestcontentattheverytop.Facebook,bycontrast,showsusersacuratedfeed;thetopofthefeedisnotwhat'snew,itiswhatthealgorithmsthinkisbest.

Twitterasamediumissointentlyboundtothenowthatintroducingcontentnotofthismomentisdisruptive—it’sactuallysomethingofapranktoresurfacesomeone’stweetsfromthedistantpast,eitherbyretweetingorfavoritingthem.MyfriendandIdidthattoeachotheryesterday,retweetingaseriesofstufffromseveralmonthsago;theyarrivedinmyfeedandhers,rippedawayfromanysenseofcontext.Itfeltembarrassing.(Thisworks,thoughslightlylesspowerfully,onothersocialnetworksthatutilizestreamsandemphasizethepresent.)

Oneofthewayswe'relearningtodealwiththetrade-offsinherenttoreal-timestreamsisaburgeoningself-awarenessoftheirpotentialtospreadmisinformationinhalfaheartbeat.Amechanismthatpurportstomakethatstreammoreaccurate—eventhoughacorrectionsbuttonwouldnotfullypreventbadinformationfromspreading—wouldlullustowardamorecomplacent,lesscriticalviewofthatstream.AsNickKallen,aformersystemsengineeratTwitter,writes,"We'redealingwithanewmedium.Ithassomeaspectsofconversation,andsomeofbroadcast,someaspectsoflivetelevision,andsomeof(anedited)newspaper.Butitisnoneofthesethingsallatthesametime."

Twitterisnow,allthetime.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribetheessenceofTwitteraccordingtothetext?

2.Honan'spropositiononTwitterindicatesthat（）

3.WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenTwitterandFacebookaccordingtothetext?

4.Whydoestheauthorsay"it’sactuallysomethingofapranktoresurfacesomeone’stweetsfromthedistantpast”？

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesauthor’sopinion?

问题1选项

A.Findingfriendsandestablishingrelationship.

B.Spreadingnewsrelentlessintheeasiestway.

C.Makingrumorandtruthtrendedinitstimeline.

D.Communicatingbetweenfollowersandhosts.

问题2选项

A.misinformationcanbewellsolvedunderthemechanicsofTwitter.

B.abettercorrectionmechanismmustbeappliedtopreventtheinformationonTwittergoingviral.

C.littlecanusersdonowtopreventrumorsonTwitterfromself-perpetuating.

D.Twitterisinefficientinprovidingbreakingnewsinformation.

问题3选项

A.TwittershowsaunfilteredstreamforuserswhileFacebookshowsacuratedone.

B.TwitterandFacebookareusingdifferentalgorithmstofiltercontents.

C.TwitterprovidesnewsfeedswhileFacebookshowsthebestinformation.

D.TwitteroffersonlypartialsolutionsonmisinformationwhileFacebookhasabetteralgorithmtosolvetheproblem.

问题4选项

A.Becausethecontentsareretweetedorfavoritedbyhisfriends.

B.BecauseTwitteremphasizethepresentthatcontentnotofthenowisdisruptive.

C.Becausetheinformationexchangedcomesfromseveralmonthsago.

D.Becauseitworksonothersocialnetworksaswell.

问题5选项

A.Wearegettingamorecomplacent,lesscriticalviewbyusingTwitter.

B.WeshouldbeawareofthepotentialofTwittertospreadmisinformation.

C.Twitterreliesonnewnesswhichequalstothestateofnow.

D.Twittershouldhaveacorrectionmechanismforuserstoedittweetstheyhaveposted.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。第二段指出“newshasnevermovedfasterthanitdoesnow”，现在信息的传播速度之快超过往。第三段指出“...combinedwithitscapacityforspreadingthatnewswithbreathtakingease”，结合它惊人的传播新闻的能力……。由此可知B项“以最简单的方式不间断地传播新闻”正确。

第2题:2.事实细节题。文章多处提到Honan对于Twitter的提议。第四段指出：...thisinabilitytocorrectviralmisinformation，没有能力纠正病毒性错误信息。...Twittershouldhaveacorrectionmechanismthatallowsuserstoeditandrebroadcasttweetsaftertheyareposted，Twitter应该有一个修正机制，允许用户在发布推文后编辑和转发。...ensurethatdataandnewsisascorrectaspossibleisunderstandable，确保数据和新闻尽可能的正确且可以理解。因此，B项“应设立纠错程序，以防止通过推特网传播病毒信息”正确。

第3题:3.事实细节题。第五段指出“But,mostimportant,whenauserlogsintoTwitter,whattheyseeisaraw,unfilteredstream,withthenewestcontentattheverytop.Facebook,bycontrast,showsusersacuratedfeed;thetopofthefeedisnotwhat’snew”，但是，最重要的是，当用户登录Twitter时，他们看到的是原创的、未经处理的信息流，最新鲜的内容放在首页头条。相比之下，Facebook提供给用户的是经过加工处理的东西，而且放在首页的头条也不是最新信息。因此，A项“推特网向用户提供的是未经处理的信息流，脸谱网提供的则是经过加工处理的东西”正确。

第4题:4.事实细节题。文章倒数第三段第一句提到：Twitter十分专注于当下，非当下的内容则是破坏性的（sointentlyboundtothenowthatintroducingcontentnotofthismomentisdisruptive）。因此，B项正确。

第5题:5.观点态度题。文章多处能体现作者的观点态度。如第三段指出“...combinedwithitscapacityforspreadingthatnewswithbreathtakingease（结合它惊人的传播新闻的能力）”。第四段指出“…thisinabilitytocorrectviralmisinformation（没有能力纠正病毒性错误信息）”。第五段指出“Twitter,whattheyseeisaraw,unfilteredstream,withthenewestcontentattheverytop（在推特网上，看到的是原创的、未经处理的信息流，最新鲜的内容放在首页头条）”。由此可以看出，C项“推特网注重新奇与时效性”正确。

21.单选题

Topreventfloodinginwinterthewaterflowingfromthedamisconstantly（）byacomputer.

问题1选项

A.graded

B.managed

C.conducted

D.monitored

【答案】D

【解析】句意:为了防止冬季洪水泛滥，大坝流出的水由计算机不断监测。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。grade评分；把……分等级；manage管理；控制；设法；conduct管理；引导；进行；monitor监控。由前半句句意“为了防止冬季洪水泛滥”可知D项符合句意。

22.单选题

However,thevillagersdidnot（

）themthebestoutofthingstoentertainusinthemostsinceresmiletogreetthearrivalofus.

问题1选项

A.jealous

B.stingy

C.reluctant

D.begrudge

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词形容词辨析。jealous妒忌的；stingy吝啬的；reluctant不情愿的，勉强的；begrudge羡慕，吝惜。句意：然而，村民却毫不吝惜地拿出他们最好的东西来招待我们，以最真诚的笑容迎接我们的到来。根据句意可知D项符合题意。

23.单选题

Adrivercangothrougharedlight（）apoliceofficersignalshimtodoso.

问题1选项

A.whether

B.until

C.if

D.unless

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项whether“是否，不论”；B选项until“直到……为止”；C选项if“如果”；D选项unless“除非”。句意：（）警察示意司机可以闯红灯，他就可以这样做。根据语境，if“如果”警察示意可以闯红灯比较合理。如果选D选项unless“除非”，应该换成thedrivercan’truntheredlight才合理。因此C选项正确。

24.单选题

问题1选项

A.Managementofcancerpatients.

B.Reliefoftheworriesofcaregivers.

C.Emotionalstrugglewhilecaregiving.

D.Emotionalsupportforcancerpatients.

【答案】C

【解析】15.M:DoctorWhite.I’vebeenacancerpatientandacaregiver,toa,cancerpatient.Iknowkayakingwashard.Whatwasgoingonemotionally?Thatseemedsohard.

W:Whenyou’recaregiving,you’reundergoingchronicstress.You’reworryingaboutyourlovedone.

Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这两个人在讨论什么？由文中“Whenyou’recaregiving,you’reundergoingchronicstress.You’reworryingaboutyourlovedone.（当你做护理时，你承受着长期的压力。你在为你在乎的人担心）”，可知C选项“Emotionalstrugglewhilecaregiving（护理过程中的情感斗争）”符合原文。A选项“癌症患者的管理”；B选项“减轻照顾者的忧虑”；D选项“对患者的情感支持”不符合原文。

25.单选题

Icouldn’tbepresentmyself,butIsentmy（）tothemeeting.

问题1选项

A.delegate

B.specimen

C.representative

D.representation

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我本人不能亲自出席，可我派了代表出席会议。

考查名词辨析。Delegate代表，代表团成员，指委派到别处代某一机构或某（些）人行事的人；specimen样本，抽样；representative代表，代销人，词义较广，可指选举或委派的代表，还可表示某一种人的代表人物；representation表现，陈述。根据前半句句意可知C符合句意。

26.单选题

It’sour（

）thattheneweconomicpolicywillbringgreatprosperitytothiscompany.

问题1选项

A.confidence

B.conviction

C.recommendation

D.insurance

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项confidence“信心”；B选项conviction“确信”；C选项recommendation“推荐”；D选项insurance“保险”。句意：我们相信新的经济政策会给公司带来巨大的繁荣。选项B符合句意。

27.单选题

JeanWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatit____inareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.

问题1选项

A.istobeanalyzed

B.hasbeenanalyzed

C.beanalyzed

D.shouldhavebeenanalyzed

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.istobeanalyzed