考研考博-英语-山东工程职业技术大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东工程职业技术大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

“Opinion”isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn’tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostdoattachgreatimportancetoit.“Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,，”and“Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion,”arecommonexpressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother’sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.

Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.D.Forexample,youmayaskafriend,“WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?”Andhemayreply,“Inmyopinion,they’reugly.”Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes“It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste.”

Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,anewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotstatetheirpersonalpreferences,theirmerelikesanddislikes.Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.

Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminingtheevidence.

Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonlypermitted,butguaranteed.D.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.

1.ThenewFordcarsarecitedasanexampletoshowthat.

2.Consideredjudgmentisdifferentfrompersonalpreferenceinthat.

3.Asindicatedinthepassage,beingfreetoactonone’sopinion.

问题1选项

A.personaltastesarenotsomethingtobechallenged

B.itisunwisetoexpressone’slikesanddislikesinpublic

C.itisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrand

D.oneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers'opinions

问题2选项

A.itisaresultofalotofcontroversy

B.itreflectspubliclikesanddislikes

C.itisbasedoncarefulthought

D.itisstatedbyjudgesinthecourt

问题3选项

A.meansthatonecanimposehispreferenceonothers

B.meansthatonecanignoreotherpeople'scriticism

C.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttochargeotherswithoutevidence

D.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttodothingsatwill

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段倒数第二句话提到意见指的是个人喜好和品味（Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste），因此选项A符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第三段提到他们陈述的内容是经过深思熟虑得来的（Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation），因此选项C符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到每个人都有权发表自己的意见。但是只有在不伤害他人的情况下，我们才可以自由地按照自己的意见行事（Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers），由此可知每个人都有权发表自己的意见，但是并不是随心所欲地发表，前提是不伤害别人，因此选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Ioftenspeakofourdistrict’sperformancedatawithsadness.Thesituationforourcity’schildrenisterrible.YetwhileIacknowledgetheseriousnessoftheworkweface,Iwanttobeclearaboutsomething:Idonotblameteachersforthelowachievementlevels.

Ihavetalkedwithtoomanyteacherstobelievethisistheirfault.Ihavewatchedthempourtheirenergyintoengagingeverystudent.Iknowtheyareworkingfuriouslyinasystemthatformanyyearshasnotappreciatedthem—sometimesnotevenpayingthemontimeorprovidingtextbooks.Thosewhocategoricallyblameteachersforthefailuresofoursystemaresimplywrong.

Rather,teachersarethesolutiontothevexingproblemsfacingurbaneducation.

Inthecomingweeks,wewillsubmitafinalproposalforanewteachercontract.Throughitandotherreforms,wecancreate,together,themosteffectiveeducatorforceinthecountry.Ourkeygoals:

Agrowthmodelofachievement.Manyteachersinheritclassesofstudentswhoarefarbehindacademically.Yetsometeachers,evenwithminimalsupport,movetheirstudentstwotothreegradelevelsaheadinayear.Teacherswillnotbeevaluatedonanabsolutemeasurebutonhowfartheytaketheirstudents.

Protectionfromarbitraryfirings.Someteachersareconcernedaprincipalmaywanttofirethemforreasonsunrelatedtoperformance.Whileprincipalswhodothisrisktheirownjobs(firingeffectiveteachersisasurewaytolowerschoolachievement),wewillensureprotectionsforteachers.Weneedafairandtransparentprocess,freefrombiasandhaste,designedwithteachers’input.

Professionaldevelopmentandsupport.Teachershavetoldmethatmanyoftheirhesitationsaboutthecontractcenteronthepressuresthatteachersface:“Whatifmyschooldoesnotsupportme?WhatifIamworkingmytailoffandIstillhaveweekswhenmypatienceisthinandthingsbeyondmycontrolarecausingproblems?”

Ourproposalwillprovideaframeworktonavigatethesequestionswithstrongprogramstosupportanddevelopteachersasprofessionals.Neitherwillweforgetthesmallthingsthatcanweighdowngreatteachers.Forexample,wewanttoreimbursethosewhobuysuppliesfortheirclassroomsorusetheircellphonestocallstudentsandfamilies.Wewanttocompensateteacherswhentheycoverclassesforothers.Iwasateacher.Iknowhowthesethingsaddup.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthepresenteducationalsystemis______.

23.By“agrowthmodelofachievement”,theauthorprobablymeansthat______.

24.Underwhichconditioncanaprincipalfireateacher?

25.Theproposaltobesubmittedbytheauthorandhiscolleagueswillbefocusedon______.

问题1选项

A.Teachersareresponsibleforthestudents’lowachievements.

B.Thecity’seducationalsystemhasroomforimprovement.

C.Childrennowadaysarebecomingmoreandmorenaughty.

D.Cityauthoritieshaveblamedteachersinawrongway.

问题2选项

A.appreciative

B.indifferent

C.ironic

D.critical

问题3选项

A.principals’supportshouldbetakenintoconsideration

B.students’achievementsshouldbeanabsolutemeasure

C.teachersshouldbeevaluatedbytheirstudents’progress

D.theextensivenessofteachers’knowledgeisimportant

问题4选项

A.Ifhe/sheperformspoorly.

B.Ifhis/herstudentshavebadachievements.

C.Ifthereisanamplesupplyofteachers.

D.Ifhe/sheriskshis/herownjob.

问题5选项

A.teachers

B.students

C.payments

D.supports

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】21.【选项释义】

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?21.根据文章，下列哪个陈述是正确的？

A.Teachersareresponsibleforthestudents’lowachievements.A.学生成绩不好，老师有责任。

B.Thecity’seducationalsystemhasroomforimprovement.B.这个城市的教育系统有改进的空间。

C.Childrennowadaysarebecomingmoreandmorenaughty.C.现在的孩子越来越调皮了。

D.Cityauthoritieshaveblamedteachersinawrongway.D.市政当局以错误的方式指责教师。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“那些把教育系统的失败归咎于教师的人是完全错误的”，以及第三段“相反，教师是城市教育面临的棘手问题的解决方案”，从中可知，城市教育急需要解决现有问题，故推测城市教育系统还需要改进。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项可以定位到原文第一段第三句“……但我想澄清一点：我并不因为成绩低而责怪教师（Idonotblameteachersforthelowachievementlevels）”以及第二段第一句“我和太多的老师谈过，都不相信这是他们的错”可知A选项和原文相悖，属于反向干扰；

C选项没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项在文中只是提到有人错误地把教育系统的失败归咎于教师，但并没有说这就是市政当局，属于曲解原文。

22.【选项释义】

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthepresenteducationalsystemis______.22.作者对现行教育制度的态度是______。

A.appreciativeA.赞赏的

B.indifferentB.冷漠的

C.ironicC.讽刺的

D.criticalD.批判的

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】根据一段第二句“我们城市的孩子们的情况很糟糕（terrible）”，以及第二段倒数第二句“我知道，他们在一个多年来不欣赏他们的体系中拼命工作，有时甚至不按时支付薪水或提供教科书”，从terrible和作者对教育体系的描述可知，作者对现行教育制度是批判的态度。因此，选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

B、C选项不符合原文，属于曲解原文。

23.【选项释义】

23.By“agrowthmodelofachievement”,theauthorprobablymeansthat______.23.作者所说的“成就增长模式”可能是指______。

A.principals’supportshouldbetakenintoconsiderationA.应考虑校长的支持

B.students’achievementsshouldbeanabsolutemeasureB.学生的成绩应该是一个绝对的衡量标准

C.teachersshouldbeevaluatedbytheirstudents’progressC.教师应该以学生的进步来评价

D.theextensivenessofteachers’knowledgeisimportantD.教师知识的广博是重要的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中的信息agrowthmodelofachievement定位至第五段：“许多老师所教的班级里的学生在学业上远远落后。然而，一些老师，即使是最基本的帮助，也能在一年内让他们的学生进步两到三个年级水平。教师的评价将不会以绝对的标准来衡量，而是看他们对学生做了多少（howfartheytaketheirstudents）。”，从中可知，该段讲述的“成就增长模式”是指在衡量一个教师的成就时不应该片面地通过学生的学业成绩，而是要以教师为使学生进步所做的事情为判断标准。C选项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A、D选项在该段没有提到，属于无中生有；

B选项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。

24.【选项释义】

24.Underwhichconditioncanaprincipalfireateacher?24.校长在什么情况下会解雇一名教师？

A.Ifhe/sheperformspoorly.A.如果他/她表现不好。

B.Ifhis/herstudentshavebadachievements.B.如果他/她的学生成绩不好。

C.Ifthereisanamplesupplyofteachers.C.如果有充足的教师供应。

D.Ifhe/sheriskshis/herownjob.D.如果他/她拿自己的工作冒险。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中的关键信息fire定位至文章第六段，根据第二句“一些教师担心，校长可能会以与他们的表现无关的理由解雇他们”，以及第三句“虽然校长们这样做是在拿自己的工作冒险，解雇有效率的老师肯定会降低学校的成就，但我们会确保教师的保护”，从中可知，校长会以与教师表现无关的理由解雇他们，这是一种冒险；所以我们推断校长解雇教师，是在拿自己的工作冒险的情况下发生的。因此，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

B、C选项都是校长解雇教师的理由，但是不够全面，属于以偏概全。

25.【选项释义】

25.Theproposaltobesubmittedbytheauthorandhiscolleagueswillbefocusedon______.25.作者和他的同事提交的提议将集中在______上。

A.teachersA.老师

B.studentsB.学生

C.paymentsC.支付方面

D.supportsD.支持方面

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干中的关键词proposal可以定位至文章最后一段，第一句提到“我们的建议将提供一个框架，通过强有力的项目来解决这些问题，以支持和发展教师成为专业人员”，可知，提议的目的就是支持和发展教师成为专业人员，所以将集中在老师方面。因此，该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项没有提到，属于无中生有。

3.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.Suicide.

B.Obesity.

C.Turmoil.

D.Drugabuse.

问题2选项

A.Preventable.

B.Destructive.

C.Treatable.

D.Curable.

问题3选项

A.Combiningantidepressantsandtalktherapy.

B.Promotingthetransmissionbetweenneurons.

C.Winningparentalassistanceandsupport.

D.Administeringeffectiveantidepressants.24.

问题4选项

A.Becauseitaddstotheeffectoftreatment.

B.Becauseitworksbetterthanthemedications.

C.Becauseitcantaketheplaceofantidepressants.

D.Becauseithelpsreducetheuseofantidepressants.25.

问题5选项

A.65percent.

B.75percent.

C.85percent.

D.95percent.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】(21)Suicideisaveryrealriskforyoungpeoplewhosufferfromclinicaldepression.Infactduringthepasttwoyearssuicidehasincreasedamongyouthsbetweentheagesof10and19,buttherearen'ttreatmentsthatcanhelp.(22)(23)Researchersshowthatthemosteffectivetreatmentisthecombinationofanti-depressionandtalktherapy.Anti-depressantsworkbyincreasingchemical—whichfacilitatecommunicationsbetweenneuronsinthebrainAnti-depressantsarethemosteffectivetreatmentformostadults.Butwhenitcomestoteenagers,it’snotenough.”SaysdoctorR,apsychiatrist.With—universitymedicalcenter.13ageyearsarefullofturmoil,emotionsandchanges.Andtherearefamilyconflictsandconflictswithrelationshipthatcancontributetodistressinadolescentssays.Andanti-depressantmedicationsmaynotbeabletodealwithallofthoseproblems,"psychotherapy,specificallyproblem-behavioraltherapyneedtobecombined,"hesays.(24)(25)Inhisrecentmajorstudy,withthetherapyinusealongwithanti-depressants.75%ofkidsarereportedfeelingbetterandlesssuicidalafter3monthprobablybecausetheproblem-behavioraltherapytacklethinkingandfeelinginaveryparticularwaythatmedicinesmaynot.Andinparticularsuicidalcase.Itintervenesinapositiveway.Say.doctorF,apsychiatristwith—inthemedicalcollege.

21.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

【解析】从首句可知：对于临床抑郁症的年轻人来讲，他们非常有可能自杀。因此本文的主要内容是讲如何治疗抑郁从而避免自杀的风险。故A为正确选项。

22.Towhatextentcantheproblembedealtwith?

【解析】通过文章中的“researchersshowthatthemosteffectivetreatmentisthecombinationofanti-depressionandtalktherapy”（研究表明，最有效的治疗方式是抗抑郁和谈话治疗的结合），由此可知，临床抑郁症是可治疗的。故本题选C。

23.Whatwayisthebetteralternativenowtotreattheproblems?

【解析】通过上题解析可知，A项正确。

24.Whyshouldtalktherapybecombined?

【解析】通过录音中可知，75%的青少年都在使用心理疗法（psychotherapy）之后，感觉会好一些，自杀的冲动也会减轻。因此，心理疗法可以与药物疗法同时使用，因为能增加后者的效果。故本题选A。

25.Whatisthepercentageofthekidswhofeelbetterafterthecombinedtherapy?

【解析】该数字应为75%。

4.单选题

Asthefirm’sbusinessincreasedtheymoreandmoreemployees.

问题1选项

A.tookup

B.tookin

C.tookafter

D.tookon

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析。tookup开始（从事），占据（时间，地方）；tookin吸收；tookafter与……相像，tookon雇用，承担。句意：随着公司业务的增长，他们雇用了越来越多的员工。选项D符合句意。

5.翻译题

由于我们对环境问题的理解不断发展，因而环境的语言也不断地发展。环境教育已经在向环境与发展教育、可持续发展教育和负责任的地球公民教育转变。这三种说法目前互相替换使用。这种转变反映了现阶段有的并继续存在的引用联系——地区和全球的联系，过去、现在和将来的联系，社会、文化、经济和政治的联系。

【答案】Duetothecontinuousdevelopmentofourunderstandingtotheenvironmentproblem,thustheenvironmentlanguagealsocontinuestoimprove.Environmenteducationhaschangedtowardsenvironmentanddevelopmenteducation,sustainabledevelopmenteducationandtheeducationforresponsibleglobalcitizens.Fornow,thethreeargumentscouldbeoftenusedinplaceofoneanother.Thesechangeshavereflectedthereferencerelationshipatthepresentwhichwillbecontinuing—therelationshipbetweenregionandworld,therelationshipamongpast,nowandthefutureaswellastherelationshipamongsociety,cultureandpolitics.

6.单选题

Stevensonfoundno（）tocarryontheworkofhisfather.

问题1选项

A.aptitude

B.reaction

C.arrangement

D.polarization

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

aptitude天资,自然倾向；reaction反应；arrangement安排,打算；polarization两极化。havenoarrangementtodo“没有……的打算”,选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Aviolentthunderstormwas（）asdarkcloudswerecollectingoverhead.

问题1选项

A.eminent

B.imminent

C.instantaneous

D.simultaneous

【答案】B

【解析】eminent杰出的；imminent即将来临的；instantaneous即时的；simultaneous同时的。句意：当乌云在头顶聚集时,一场暴风雨即将到来。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

WhenIemergedfromthetelephonebox,Icamefacetofacewithalittleman,whowaslookingas（）asastraydog.

问题1选项

A.humble

B.pathetic

C.dreadful

D.merciful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项humble“谦逊的，简陋的”；B选项pathetic“可怜的，悲哀的”；C选项dreadful“可怕的，糟透的，令人不快的”；D选项merciful“仁慈的，慈悲的，宽容的”。句意：当我从电话亭出来时，迎面遇到一个小个子男人，他看上去像一只流浪狗一样（）。这里表达的意思是男人像流浪狗一样可怜，因此B选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Waterwillcontinuetobe（）itistoday-nextinimportancetooxygen.

问题1选项

A.how

B.which

C.as

D.what

【答案】C

【解析】句意：水将继续保持现在的状态,

即重要性仅次于氧的这种状态。as...正如...一样,

选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

（

）atamusicstorewasoneofLilArmstrong’sfirstprofessionaljobsasayoungpianistwhenshecametoChicagoin1917.

问题1选项

A.Demonstrationtunes

B.Demonstratingtunes

C.Demonstratetunes

D.Tunesthatdemonstrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子结构。句意：LilArmstrong1917年来到芝加哥时，作为年轻的钢琴家的第一份专业工作是在音乐商店里演奏曲调。空格处所填单词与后面部分一起构成名词短语做整个句子的主语。C项demonstrate是动词，不能做主语。A、D两项中tunes是复数,而谓语动词是was,故排除。

11.翻译题

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday’smediaandtechnologybrawl-iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,Windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD-wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it’sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit’sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.

Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfo-techisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday’sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn’texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It’snosurprise,ofcourse.

Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision’sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople—over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumer.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe’dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe’reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.BWhite,whoin1938wrote,“Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure.”Westilldon’tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.

【答案】当你试图弄清楚消费者信息技术的发展方向，以及它对社会的意义时，请记住一个重要的中心事实:人们只是想看更多的电视节目。

索尼在最近的消费电子展上推出了大量可以在电视机上播放互联网视频的产品，几乎所有其他消费电子产品公司都是如此。

自从处理器功率和带宽稳步增长的基本事实变得明显以来，预言家们就自信地预测到了这一天。

而事实恰恰相反。尽管有许多网络时代的替代品，但是我们美国人今天比以往任何时候都看更多无聊的老电视，这说明了一些问题。

没有人比伟大的纽约客散文家E，B怀特更好地评估了电视，他在1938年写到“我确信我们的成败将系于电视”。

12.单选题

Freudderivedpsychoanalyticknowledgeofchildhoodindirectly;he（）childhoodprocessesfromadultmemory.

问题1选项

A.reconstructed

B.incorporated

C.obstructed

D.fostered

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。reconstruct“重现，改造”；incorporate“包含，吸收”；obstruct“阻塞，妨碍”；foster“培养，养育”。句意：弗洛伊德间接性地推断出了儿童精神分析知识，从成年人的记忆中修复了儿时的记忆。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Once（）,thispowerstationwillsupplyalltheneighboringtownsandvillageswithelectricity.

问题1选项

A.itbeingcompleted

B.completed

C.completed

D.itcompletes

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这座电站一建成竣工，就将向周围城乡供电。

语法题。考查非谓语动词。逗号后面句子已经完整，因此逗号前面是动词的非谓语形式。整个句子主语是“thispowerstation”，因此其与待选的动词之间是被动关系。当once是做副词吋，后面接过去分词表被动，且因主语一致则省略主语，once后应该为“completed”。

14.单选题

Theseillegalimmigrantshavetoworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingworkingconditions.

问题1选项

A.bewildering

B.exasperating

C.dismaying

D.upsetting

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:尽管工作环境恶劣，但是这些非法移民者每天必须工作数小时。

bewildering使人困惑的;exasperating惹人生气的。Dismaying使人惊恐的，使焦急的;upsetting令人心烦意乱的，令人苦恼的。Appaling令人震惊的，低劣得不像话的。故选C。

15.单选题

Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyinto'whichthemachineshasbeenintroduceD.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeninindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbydoingso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,however,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe"social,legal,andeconomicsubordination"ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof"thewholefemalesexintopublicindustry."Observersthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechanization'seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen'slives.

Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriter,andthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen'seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen'swork.TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionwaslargelyanextensionofanolderpatternofemploymentofyoung,singlewomenasdomestics.Itwasnotthechangeinofficetechnology,butrathertheseparationofsecretarialwork,previouslyseenasanapprenticeshipforbeginningmanagers,fromadministrativeworkthatinthe1880’screatedanewclassof"dead-end"jobs,thenceforthconsidered"women'swork."Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomen-thanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire.

Women'sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.Fundamentally,however,theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety.Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Theauthor,mentionsallofthefollowinginventionsasexamplesofdramatictechnologicalinnovationsEXCEPTthe（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,beforetheIndustrialRevolution,themajorityofwomen'sworkwasdoneinwhichofthefollowingsettings?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldconsiderwhichofthefollowingtobeanindicationofafundamentalalterationintheconditionsofwomen'swork?

5.Thepassagestatesthat,beforethetwentiethcentury,whichofthefollowingwastrueofmanyemployers?

问题1选项

A.Theeffectsofthemechanizationofwomen'sworkhavenotborneoutthefrequentlyheldassumptionthatnewtechnologyisinherentlyrevolutionary.

B.Recentstudieshaveshownthatmechanizationrevolutionizesasociety'straditionalvaluesandthecustomaryrolesofitsmembers

C.Mechanizationhascausedthenatureofwomen'sworkchangesincetheIndustrialRevolution.

D.Themechanizationofworkcreateswholenewclassesofjobsthatdidnotpreviouslyexist.

问题2选项

A.sewingmachine

B.vacuumcleaner

C.typewriter

D.telephone

问题3选项

A.Textilemills.

B.Privatehouseholds.

C.Offices.

D.Factories.

问题4选项

A.Statisticsshowingthatthemajorityofwomennowoccupywhite-collarpositions.

B.Interviewswithmarriedmenindicatingthattheyarenowdoingsomehouseholdtasks.

C.Surveysofthelabormarketdocumentingtherecentcreationofanewclassofjobsinelectronicsinwhichwomenworkersoutnumbermenfourtoone.

D.Censusresultsshowingthatworkingwomen'swagesandsalariesare,ontheaverage,ashighasthoseofworkingmen.

问题5选项

A.Theydidnotemploywomeninfactories.

B.Theytendedtoemploysingleratherthanmarriedwomen.

C.Theyemployedwomeninonlythosejobsthatwererelatedtowomen'straditionalhouseholdwork.

D.Theyresistedtechnologicalinnovationsthatwouldradicallychangewomen'srolesinthefamily.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题目可以定位到文章第一段，文第一句提出观点：Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyinto'whichthemachineshasbeenintroduceD.中文翻译为：史学家们往往假设，劳动的机构化不仅仅对那些操作新机器的人们的生活，而且也对机器所被引入其中的社会，均产生了种革命性的影响，以及第二段第一句提出反对意见：Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.中文翻译为：史学家们，尤其是那些研究妇女历史的史学家们，现在对关于机械化进程的变革作用这一假设表示严重的怀疑。由此可知，作者对第一种观点是反对的，并且提出自己的观点：“...suchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsas...havenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen’seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen’swork.中文翻译为：技术革新并没有给妇女的经济地位或对妇女工作的普遍评价带来任何剧烈变化。最后从原文最后一句“Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.中文翻译为：机械化甚至可能减缓了妇女在劳动力市场和家庭中的传统地位的任何变化。以判断只有A项“机械化对妇女工作的影响并没有得到人们通常认为新技术本身就是革命性的这一假设的证实”符合作者态度和总结文意。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键词dramatictechnologicalinnovations可以定位到文章第二段中“Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriter,andthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen'seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen'swork.”中文大意为：他们的结论是，诸如纺纱珍妮、缝纫机、打字机和吸尘器等剧烈的技术革新并没有给妇女的经济地位或对妇女工作的普遍评价带来同样巨大的社会变化。D选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第一段中“Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories...”，中文翻译为：19世纪，当女性进入工厂……，以及第二段中“TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolution...”，中文翻译为：工业革命期间，年轻妇女在纺织厂的就业情况……和文章最后一段首句“Women'sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory...”，中文翻译为：过去的200年中，妇女的工作有了相当程度的变化，从家庭劳动到办公室或工厂……。综合可知，在工业革命之前，女性工作场所一般在B项“私人（个人）家庭”。

4.推理判断题。由题干关键词“alteration改变”对应“change改变”可以定位到文章第三段中“Women'sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.”，中文翻译为：在过去的200年中，妇女的工作有了相当程度的变化，从家庭劳动到办公室或工厂，并且近来很多蓝领工作变成白领工作。以及“Fundamentally,however，theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.”，中文翻译为：但是，基本上，工业革命一来，妇女们的工作条件改变甚少：按性别区分职业、整体报酬低、工作技能水平要求相对低、升迁机会少仍存在，同时家务劳动依然繁重。可以得知D选项：“人口普查结果显示，职业妇女的工资和薪金平均与男