2017年附录医学考博英文常用词

医学考博的模板：模板第一段： Inthepassage,theauthormainlydiscusses主题名词,which/whoplaysakeyrolein…（尽量使用救命词组）,ascanbeseeninthefollowingparagraphs.模板第二段：有定义特征的时候 Accordingtothepassage,…canbedefinedas…,whichischaracteristicwith名词,名词and名词.Otherfeaturesalsoinclude名词，or名词.Alltheabove-mentionedelements(symptoms)arenoteworthyintheissueof主题词，andarehighlightedinthisparagraph.模板第二段：有举例特征的时候Inthethirdandfourthparagraphs,exemplificationisfrequentlyusedtoshowtheimportanceof主题词.Asisillustrated,…isthemostsalient,alongwithotherbehaviors(symptoms/options)suchas…,…or…Otherscannotbeignored,particularly….and…模板第二段：有原因分析的时候Inthelastparagraph,acauseandeffectrelationshipisusedtohighlighttheimportance.Asisshowninthepassage,…canberelatedto….Inaddition,…canbeascribed(attributed)to…Finally,someotherfactorsarealsoinvolved,particularly(especially)…,…or…模板第二段：有大量数据试验的时候Inthelastparagraph,acombinationofstatisticsareprovidedtohighlighttheimportanceof主题词.Asisshowninthedatafromaseriesofexperients,…canberelatedto….Inaddition,…canbeascribed(attributed)to…Finally,someotherfactorsarealsoinvolved,particularly(especially)…,…or…模板第二段：有大量数据试验的时候Theaboveaspects,internalorexternal,canjointlyaccountforthesituationinthechart.Inmyview,thistrendwillprobablycontinueinthepredictablefuture.Soitiscrucialthataneffectivemechanismshouldbeprovidedfor主题词.Inthisframework,concreteplanscanbemadetopunishthoseenterpriseswithoutoccupationalself-discipline(pushfor…).Meanwhile,researchers’suggestionscannotbeignoredinthisissue:theyaremoreprofessional,effectiveandscientific.Bytheconcertedefforts,主题词canbeeffectivelypromotedinoursociety(主题词canbeeffectivelycontrolledinoursociety.)附录：历年真题中的术语1998年题目：心理咨询问题心理障碍：psychologicaldisorder心理健康:psychologicalhealth心理卫生问题:psychologicalhealth心理保健:psychologicalhealth综合统计:consensus心理疏通:psychologicaldredge/psychologicalconsultation咨询:consultation去痛片:somedon(止痛药：painkillers)麻醉药:anesthetic精神畸变:mentaldistortion精神病:mentaldiseases症状:symptom自尽:suicide情绪低落：depressed失眠：insomnia,sleeploss,sleeplessness健康处方：healthyprescription均衡营养：balanceddiet安神：soothethenerve,calmthenerve昏昏欲睡：drowsy,sleepy酸碱平衡：acid-basebalance屏幕辐射:screenradiation青光眼：glaucoma肌肉骨骼系统：musculoskeletalsystem烦躁：irritable网络综合症：netsyndrome行为异常：abnormalbehaviors心理人格障碍：psychologicalandpersonalitydisorder食欲下降：lossofappetite思维迟缓：slowthought,thinkingretardation滥用药物：drugabuse1999年考题：医学问题社区:community共同体:community共同价值:sharedvalues关系密切:closerelationship人情味:humankindness整体医学观:holisticmedicine社会医学观:socialmedicine人文医学观:humanisticmedicine卫生改革:medicalreform新潮流:newtrend社区卫生服务:communityhealthservice主观自我与客观自我:subjectiveselfandobjectiveself心理社会背景:psychologicalsocialbackground“仁术”:kindness,humanity,benevolence传统医学:traditionalmedicine科技主导型医学:science-orientedmedicalscience需互补优缺:complementary连续性:continuity系统性:systematicness综合性:comprehensiveness方便性:convenience相得益彰:bringoutthebestfromeachother误诊:misdiagnose临床诊断:clinicaldiagnosis病理诊断:pathologicaldiagnosis物化:materialization开个处方:prescription取药:getmedicine打针:takeaninjection人文精神:humanism社会心理因素:socialpsychologicalfactors全科医学:generalfamilymedicine戒烟酒:quitsmoking高血压:highbloodpressure/hypertension血管:bloodvessel急救知识:firstaidknowledge2000年：医学建设预防医学preventivemedicine自我保健:self-care/self-help疾病谱:spectrumofdiseases模式:mode“生活方式病”lifestylediseases健康教育:healtheducation公共卫生问题:publichealth慢性非传染性疾病发病:chronicnon-infectiousdiseases预防:prevention健康服务:healthservice健康教育:healtheducation低投入高产出的事业:acausewithlowinputandhighoutput世界卫生组织:WHO议程:agenda纲要:sketch/schema生活质量:livingstandards运行机制:mechanism师资:teachingresources体系:system师资培养:trainingofteachingfaculty人才培训:talenttraining社区网络:communitynetwork社区服务:communityservice服务站servicecenter:婴幼儿、青少年、中老年:infant,youngpeople,elders心理门诊:psychologicalclinic指导:guidance“拯救自杀中心”:SuicideSalvationCenter“儿童问题中心”:ChildrenCenter健康档案:healthfiles2001年：健身问题体育锻炼：physicalexercises滑冰：skating滑雪:skiing晨练:morningexercises冬泳:winterswimming新陈代谢：代谢:metabolism血管扩展:bloodvesselextension抵抗能力：resistance维生素:vitamin膳食:food卡路里:calorie脂肪:fat蛋白质:protein糖:sugar植物油:vegetableoil肾上腺:adrenalgland疾病:diseases冷水浴:coldbath脑血管病:cerebrovasculardisease溃疡:ulcer关节炎:arthritis月经期:menstrualperiod酸:acid气管炎:trachitis喉炎:laryngitis结膜炎:conjunctivitis过敏性疾病:allergicdisease鼻道:nasalpassage鼻粘膜:nasalmucosa2002年：亚健康如何保持充沛的精力情绪低落:depression疲劳:fatigue失眠:insomnia头痛:headache注意力不集中:lackofconcentration血糖:bloodsugar代谢:metabolism能量:energy碳水化合物(carbohydrate)纤维素(cellulose)脂肪:fat薄荷(mint)百花香味(fragrance)维生素:vitamin矿物质(mineralsubstances)提神醒脑:refreshoneself镁(magnesium)铁:iron锻炼:takeexercises负离子:anion神经系统:nervesystem胃肠消化:digestion肺部:lungs氧气:oxygen交感神经:parasympatheticnerve二氧化碳:carbondioxide2003年：营养学健康从早餐开始幼儿:infant蛋白质:protein钙(calcium)糖:sugar龋齿(decayedtooth)肥胖:obesity饼干:biscuits馒头:steamedbread肌肉和骨骼:muscleandbones维生素C:vitamin热量:energy大饼:pancake碳水化合物(carbohydrate)脑力活动与体力活动:mentalandphysicalactivity组织器官:tissueandorgans生理功能:physiologicalfunction体育锻炼:physicalexercise膳食:food/diet钙:calcium磷(phosphorus)热量:energy脂肪:fat碳水化合物:carbohydrate新陈代谢(metabolism)骨质疏松(osteoporosis)面条:noodles肉松:driedmeatfloss花生酱:peanutbutter消化:digestion油炸类食品:deep-friedfoods脂肪:fat消化不良:indigestion胆:liver胰:pancreas致癌物质:cancerogenicsubstances甜食:dessert糖:sugar肾:kidney胆固醇(cholesterol)冠心病:coronarydiseases动脉硬化:arteriosclerosis高血压:highbloodpressure/hypertension心脑血管疾病:cardiovasculardiseases2004年：保健卫生入世后看病如何挑医院合资医院:jointventurehospital执业执照:license儿童乐园:children’spark挂号:registerathospital划价:haveaprescriptionpriced交费:pay取药:getthemedicine心理咨询:psychologicalconsultation健康教育:healtheducation药品差价:drugpricedifference民营医院:privatehospital社会资本:socialcapital私人诊所:privateclinic个体医生:(solo)practitioner卫生机构:healthagency医疗服务:medicalservice基础设施:infrastructure诊疗设备:medicalequipment技术水平:technologicallevel收购:acquisition重组现有公立医院:recombination(regroup)ofpublichospitals医疗机构:medicalinstitutions慢性病:chronicdiseases婴幼儿保健:healthcareofinfants相辅相成:complementary政府支持:governmentsupport财政补贴:fiscalsubsidies满腹牢骚:complaint医患关系:doctor-patientrelationship正常化:normalization管理体制:managementsystem人事制度:personnelsystem环境:environment医生预约制:thedoctorappointmentsystem2005年：艾滋病艾滋病是全社会的威胁艾滋病(AIDS)人类免疫缺陷病毒(humanimmunodeficiencyvirus，简称HIV)人体免疫功能:immunesystem感染和肿瘤:infectionandtumors后天获得而不是先天:acquiredandinborn发病机理:pathogenesis恶性和良性:malignantandbenign复杂症状:complications病例:case艾滋病病毒携带者:HIVcarriers血液:blood精液:semen阴道分泌物:vaginaldischarge皮肤粘膜:skinmucousmembranes炎症:inflammation溃疡:ulcer渗出液:percolate唾液:saliva泪水:tears汗液:sweat尿液:urine病毒:virus传染性:infection性传播:sexcontact血传播:bloodcontact母婴:infantcontact急性期:acute潜伏期:incubation淋巴结肿大:lymphnodeenlargement晚期:laterperiod发热:fever腹泻:diarrhea体重减轻:weighloss二重感染:doubleinfection免疫调节剂:immunomodifier感染药物:infectiondrugs免疫:immune中药:Chinesemedicine鸡尾洒疗法:thecocktailtherapy公共设施:communalfacilties咳嗽:cough喷嚏:sneezing蚊虫叮咬:mosquitobite性道德:sexmorals注射器:syringe吸毒:drugtaking输血:bloodtransfusion注射:injection拔牙:pullingouttooth血液制品:bloodproducts2006年：走路与健康走路与健康运动:physicalexercises特殊设备:specialequipment生命活力:vigor延年益寿:lifeexpectancy做操:takeexercise保健:health关节:joint筋骨:physique气血流通:bloodcirculation五脏:thefiveinternalorgans血液:blood骨骼:bones肌肉:muscle韧带:ligament呼吸:breathing循环:circulation消化:digestion泌尿:urinary内分泌:endocrine神经系统:nervesystem内脏:internalorgans生理平衡:physiologicalequilibrium新陈代谢:metabolism骨质疏松:osteoporosis柔软灵活:flexibility疼痛:pain血管壁沉淀物:thevesselwallsediment按摩:massage血管平滑肌:vascularsmoothmuscle生理机能:physiologicalfunction胆固醇:cholesterol高血压:bloodpressure热量:calorie过度紧张:tension健美和减肥:fitnessandweightloss冠心病:coronarydiseases高血压:pressure脑出血:cerebralhemorrhage后遗症:sequelae关节炎:arthritis胃肠病:gastroenteropathy反臂背向行走法:thearmbacktowalk穴:hole/point老年痴呆症:AD(Alzheimer’sdisease)摆臂行走法:Theswingarmwalkingmethod肩周炎:periathritisofshoulder气管炎:trachitis肺气肿：emphysema腹部:belly/abdomen消极:negative/passive血液稀释:hemodilution血管栓塞:vesselembolization2007年：手术与心理学手术与害怕心理刺激:mentalstimulation焦虑:anxiety抑郁:depression紧张:tension恐惧:fear生理反应:physiologicalreaction手术神经症:surgeryneurosis频发手术症:frequentoperations器官移植:organgrafting/organtransplantation清创:debridement缝合:suture/seaming阑尾切除术:appendicectomy肾脏移植:kidneytransplantation心脏冠脉搭桥术:coronaryarterybypassgrafting剖腹探查:abdominallaparotomy心导管检查:cardiaccatheterization病理切片:pathologicalsection疼痛:pain大量出血:bleeding组织损伤:tissuedamage生理:physiology心理:psychology性格缺陷:defectsincharacter/characterflaw情绪反应:emotionalreaction心身症:psychophysicaldisorder心悸:palpitation气促:shortnessofbreath/anhelation胸闷:senseofsuppressioninthechest出汗:perspiration失眠:insomnia血压升高:highbloodpressure儿茶酚胺:catecholamine交感神经兴奋:sympatheticnerve冠心病:coronarydiseases脑血管疾病:cerebralvasculardisease肾上腺素:epinephrine皮质类固醇:corticosteroids分泌:secretion免疫机制:immunesystem细菌感染:bacterialinfection并发症:complication恶性肿瘤:malignanttumor调控方法:regulationandcontrol脱敏治疗法:desensitization爱抚:tendercare思想负担:thethoughtburden心率测试仪:theheartratetester拿脉:takethepulse

2009年：水果能不能吃水果是否可吃可不吃矿物质:mineral抗氧化作用:antioxygenation细胞衰老:cellaging维生素:vitamin胆固醇浓度:cholesterol可溶性纤维:solublefibre中风:stroke冠心病:coronarydisease肺癌:lungcancer维生素制剂:vitamin人工合成的维生素:syntheticvitamin预防作用:preventiveeffects营养:nutrition天然食物:naturalfood超氧化物:superoxide岐(质)化酶(SOD)活性:activity衰老:aging膳食:food钙化:calcium肾脏:kidney损伤:damage/harm血栓:thrombus发热:fever手术:surgery/surgicaloperation心肌梗死:myocardialinfarction肝肾功能不良:hepaticandrenalfunction2010年：药理心理学新兴学科：药物心理学(Pharmacopsychology)药物:medicine/drug生理作用:physiologicalfunction心理效应:psychologicaleffects信任感:senseoftrust体验:experience评价:evaluation广告效应:influenceofadvertisement/advertisingeffects新兴边缘学科:interdisciplinarysubjects/boundaryscience心理精神疾病:mentaldiseases生理机能:physiologicalfunctioin肾上腺皮质激素:adrenocorticalhormone分泌:secretion内分泌:endocrine心脑血管系统:cardiocerebralvascularsystem抗病能力:diseaseresistance病菌:bacteria免疫:immune神经质:nervousness意志薄弱:frailty/hypobulia心理缺陷:mentaldefect安慰剂:placebo心理安慰:psychologicalcomfort内源性脑啡肽:endogenousenkephalin吗啡:morphine自觉症状:subjectivesymptom慢性病:chronicdiseases恶心呕吐:vomit头晕目眩:vertigo失眠:insomnia心理暗示:psychologicalsuggestion癌症:cancer类风湿性疾病:rheumaticdisease特效药:specificmedicine药物心理学:pharmacopsychology暗示疗法:suggestivetherapy安慰剂:placebo器官功能:organfunction躯体症状:physicalsymptom2013年：走出亚健康健康处方帮你走出“第三状态”疲劳:fatigue不愿意运动:unwillingtodoexercises失眠:insomnia头痛:headache注意力不集中:lackofconcentration“灰色状态”:greystatus均衡营养:balancednutrition合理膳食:rationaldiet糖:sugar蛋白质:protein脂类:fat矿物质:mineral维生素:vitamin热量过剩:excessiveheat热量不足:insufficientheat脂肪类食物:fattyfood韭菜:leek鳗鱼:seaeel放松:relaxation高峰:peak低谷:lowebb精力充沛:energetic痛苦和烦恼:painandvexation心理调节:psychologicaladjustment心理平衡:psychologicalbalance超负荷运转:overloadoperation丹田:thepublicregion负离子浓度:aeroanionconcentration神经系统:nervesystem胃肠消化:digestion体力、脑力、心理:physicalenergy,慢性疾病:chronicdiseases打盹:nap颈项:neck腰部:waist肌肉紧张:musculartension颈肩病:neckandshoulderdisease2012年：电脑和健康电脑、网络与健康忧虑:depression显示器:monitor电子束:electronbeam辐射:radiation电磁波:electromagneticwave肌肉骨骼系统:muscleandbones腰:waist颈:neck肩:shoulders腕部等:wrist生理:physiology心理:psychology/mentality多梦:dreaminess神经衰弱:neurasthenia紧张:tension烦躁:vexation焦虑不安:anxiety身心疲惫:fatigue心理障碍:psychologicaldisorder人格障碍:personaldisorder交感神经：sympatheticnerve网络综合征:Internetsyndrome兴趣丧失：lossofinterestin睡眠障碍:sleepdisorder生物钟紊乱:biologicalclockdisorder食欲下降:lossofappetite体重减轻:weightlossL思维迟缓:retardationofthinking饮酒:drinking滥用药物:drugabuse自我保健:self-help身体检查:physicalexamination心理测定:psychologicalmeasurement营养:nutrition2011年：饮食和健康吃出健康世界卫生组织:WTO膳食营养:food遗传因素:inheritancefactor营养不良:malnutrition主食:staplefood副食:non-staplefood氨基酸:aminoacid无机盐:inorganicsalt脂肪酸:fattyacid磷脂:phospholipid钙:calcium镁:magnetic油腻食物:fattyfood饮食要适量:properdiet饮食应定时:haveone’smealsatregulartime脑力劳动者:mentalworker蛋白质:protein糖:sugar钙:calcium铁:iron锌:zinc维生素:vitamin2012年：电脑、网络与健康烦恼和忧虑depressionandanxiety健康physicalhealth电脑显示器graphoscope(computerscreen)电子束:electronbeam图像，picture,image辐射与电磁波:radiation,magneticwave眼病，如青光眼等:eyediseases,弹力和阻力:elasticity,resistance手指和上肢不利:fingerandlimb体位:bodyposition肌肉骨骼系统:muscularandskeletalsystem腰、颈、肩、腕部:waist,neck,shoulders,wrist生理、心理重负:physiologicalandpsychologicalload睡眠多梦:dreaminess神经衰弱:neurasthenia机体免疫力下降:declineofimmunesystem网络综合征:networksyndrome心理障碍:mentalblock,mentalmaladjustment交感神经功能失调:malfunctionofsympatheticnerve睡眠障碍:sleepdisorder生物钟紊乱:biologicaldisorder食欲下降:lossofappetite体重减轻:lossofweight精力不足:energydeficiency自我评价降低:lowself-evaluation思维迟缓:retardationinthinking不愿意参加社会活动:unwillingnesstoparticipateinsocialactivities饮酒和滥用药物:alcoholicanddrugabuse呼吸系统:respiratory(breathing)system过敏症:anaphylaxis,hypersensitivity臭氧气体:ozone激光打印机:laserprinter哮喘病:asthma肺部病变:pathologicalchangesinlungs增强自我保健意识:self-protectionawareness适当休息:properbreak体育锻炼:physicalexercises体能:energy,stamina身体检查和自我心理测定:physicalcheck-upandpsychologicalself-evaluation注意工作环境:moreattentiontotheworkingenvironment通风:ventilation补充营养：nutritionalsupplement活性物质:activematerial放射性物质:radioactivematerial2013年：健康处方帮你走出“第三状态”激烈的竞争:intensecompetition面对各种各样的挑战:confrontvariouschallenges情绪低落、容易疲劳:yieldtodepression,fatigue不愿意运动：unwillingnesstotakesomesportsactivities.失眠、头痛、注意力不集中:sleeploss(insomnia),headache,distraction“灰色状态”或“第三状态”:graymentalstate(status)健康处方:ahealthyprescription均衡营养合理膳食:balanceddiet热量过剩:excessiveheat营养和热量的不足:lessenough(insufficient)nutritionandcalories脂类:lipid昏昏欲睡:sleepiness脂肪:fat视力减弱:decreaseofeyesight鱼肉、猪旰、韭菜、鳗鱼:fish,porkliver,leek,eel新鲜蔬菜、水果等富含维生素C的食物:freshvegetable,心理状态和精力充沛：psychologicalstatus;fullofvigor个人差异:personaldifference觉醒程度:awakeningdegree（直译）反应速度：reactionspeed心理调节:psychologicaladjustment维持心理平衡:psychologicalbalance大脑信号:brainsignal头痛、失眠:headache,sleeploss,insomnia超负荷运转:overloadingoperation放松全身的肌肉:muscularrelaxation去掉杂念:getridof(remove)distractingthought丹田穴:DanTianPoint调整脏器活动:adjustmentofvisceramovement负离子浓度:anionconcentration神经系统:nervesystem胃肠消化:intestinedigestion办公室内勤:officesecretary保健操:gym活动筋骨:takepartinsomesportsactivities“静坐”生活方式:sedentarylifestyle慢性疾病:chronicdiseases事半功倍:halfworkwiththedoubleresults午睡:afternoonnap将身体伸展开来:bodystretching不要扒在桌上睡：avoidsleepingatthetable慢性颈肩病:chronicneckdisease2014年：生命离不开呼吸呼吸运动breathing调节呼吸:adjustmentofbreathing大脑缺氧:cerebralanoxia深呼吸:deepbreathing腹式深呼吸:abdominalbreathing呼吸系统疾病:respiratorysystemdisease慢性支气管炎、哮喘、肺气肿:bronchitis,asthma,emphysema肺活量:lungcapacity弹性:elasticity呼吸的深度和频率:depthandfrequencyofbreathing放松绷紧的神经:calmone’snerve舒缓焦虑:relievedepression瑜伽:Yuga降低呼吸节奏:lowerrespiratoryrhythm呼吸降血压法:bloodpressurereductionbytakingdeepbreath腹式深呼吸:abdominalstyle(deep)breathing前列腺素:prostate血管扩张:arterialdilation血压降低:bloodpressurereduction毫升:milliliter用力吐:breathingouthard废气全部排出体外:takewasteg