会计专业英语期末复习资料

41/41《会计英语》复习资料二、单项选择（红字为正确答案）：Financialreportsareusedbyd.alloftheabove1.Foraccountingpurposes,thebusinessentityshouldbeconsideredseparatefromitsownersiftheentityis（）d.alloftheabove2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesaccounting?b.isaninformationsystemthatprovidesreportstostakeholders3.Usingaccrualaccounting,expensesarerecordedandreportedonlya.whentheyareincurred,whetherornotcashispaid4.Themeasurementbasesexclude()c.Saleprice5.Debtsowedbyabusinessarereferredtoas（）d.liabilities6.Whichofthefollowingfinancialstatementsreportsinformationasofaspecificdate?c.balancesheet7.Cashinvestmentsmadebytheownertothebusinessarereportedonthestatementofcashflowsinthea.financingactivitiessection8.Theaccountingequationmaybeexpressedasd.Assets-Liabilities=Owner'sEquity9.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofaccountshaveanormalcreditbalance?a.revenues,liabilities,capital10.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofaccountshaveanormaldebitbalance?d.assets,expenses11.Whichofthefollowingtypesofaccountshaveanormalcreditbalance?c.revenuesandliabilities12.Intheaccountingcycle,thelaststepis（）a.preparingapost-closingtrialbalance13.Whichofthefollowingshouldnotbeconsideredcashbyanaccountant?c.postagestamps14.Abankreconciliationshouldbepreparedperiodicallybecause（）c.anydifferencesbetweenthedepositor'srecordsandthebank'srecordsshouldbedetermined,andanyerrorsmadebyeitherpartyshouldbediscoveredandcorrected15.Theamountoftheoutstandingchecksisincludedonthebankreconciliationasa(n)（）c.deductionfromthebalanceperbankstatement16.Theassetcreatedbyabusinesswhenitmakesasaleonaccountistermedc.accountsreceivable17.WhatisthetypeofaccountandnormalbalanceofAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts?a.Contraasset,credit18.Theterm"inventory"indicates（）d.bothAandB19.Merchandiseinventoryattheendoftheyearwasunderstated.Whichofthefollowingstatementscorrectlystatestheeffectoftheerror?incomeisunderstated20.Merchandiseinventoryattheendoftheyearisoverstated.Whichofthefollowingstatementscorrectlystatestheeffectoftheerror?b.owner'sequityisoverstated21.Theinventorymethodthatassignsthemostrecentcoststocostofgoodsoldisb.LIFO22.Underwhichmethodofcostflowsistheinventoryassumedtobecomposedofthemostrecentcosts?b.first-in,first-out23.Whentheperpetualinventorysystemisused,theinventorysoldisdebitedto()b.costofmerchandisesold24．Allofthefollowingbelowareneededforthecalculationofdepreciationexceptd.bookvalue25.Acharacteristicofafixedassetisthatitisb.usedintheoperationsofabusiness26.AccumulatedDepreciation()c.isacontraassetaccount27.Thetwomethodsofaccountingforinvestmentsinstockarethecostmethodandthe（）b.equitymethod28.Acapitalexpenditureresultsinadebitto（）d.anassetaccount29.Currentliabilitiesare（）d.dueandpayablewithinoneyear30.Thedebtcreatedbyabusinesswhenitmakesapurchaseonaccountisreferredtoasanb.accountpayable31.Notesmaybeissued（）d.alloftheabove32.Thecostofaproductwarrantyshouldbeincludedasanexpenseinthec.periodofthesaleoftheproduct33.Ifthemarketrateofinterestis8%,thepriceof6%bondspayinginterestsemiannuallywithafacevalueof$100,000willbec.Lessthan$100,00034.Theinterestratespecifiedinthebondindentureiscalledthe（）b.contractrate35.Whenthecorporationissuingthebondshastherighttorepurchasethebondspriortothematuritydateforaspecificprice,thebondsared.callablebonds36.Whenthemarketrateofinterestonbondsishigherthanthecontractrate,thebondswillsellatd.adiscount37.Onepotentialadvantageoffinancingcorporationsthroughtheuseofbondsratherthancommonstockisc.theinterestexpenseisdeductiblefortaxpurposesbythecorporation38.Characteristicsofacorporationinclude（）d.shareholderswhohavelimitedliability39.Stockholders'equity（）c.includesretainedearningsandpaid-incapital40.Theexcessofissuepriceoverparofcommonstockistermeda(n)（）d.premium41.Cashdividendsareusuallynotpaidonwhichofthefollowing?c.treasurystock42.Whichofthefollowingaccountsbelowisreportedinthepaid-incapital/stockholders'equitysectionofthecorporatebalancesheet?d.PreferredStock43.Ifpreferredstockhasdividendsinarrears,thepreferredstockmustbed.convertible44.Theprimarypurposeofastocksplitistob.reducethemarketpriceofthestockpershare45.Whichstatementbelowisnotareasonforacorporationtobuybackitsownstock.d.toincreasethesharesoutstanding46.Theliabilityforadividendisrecordedonwhichofthefollowingdates?d.thedateofdeclaration47.Incredittermsof2/10,n/30,the"2"representsthed.percentofthecashdiscount48.Revenueshouldberecognizedwhen（）b.theserviceisperformed49.Theabilityofabusinesstopayitsdebtsastheycomedueandtoearnareasonableamountofincomeisreferredtoas（）b.solvencyandprofitability50.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthecomputationofthequickratio?a.inventory四、问答题：3．Differentiatebetweenfinancialaccountingandmanagerialaccounting.财务会计与管理会计的区别。Financialaccountingisprimarilyconcernedwiththerecordingandreportingofeconomicdataandactivitiesforabusiness.Managementaccountingusesbothfinancialaccountingandestimateddatatoaidmanagementinrunningday-to-dayoperationsandinplanningfutureoperations..4．Theobjectiveoffinancialreporting财务报告的目标。参考答案：Overallobjective（总体目标）offinancialreportingistoprovidefinancialinformationusefultoexternalusersinmakingeconomicdecisions.(a)provideinformationaboutthefinancialposition,performanceandchangesinfinancialpositionofanentitythatisusefultoawiderangeofusersinmakingeconomicdecisions；（向使用者提供有关企业财务状况、经营成果和财务状况变动情况的信息，以利于其作出经济决策。）(b)showtheresultsofthestewardshipofmanagement,ortheaccountabilityofmanagementfortheresourcesentrustedtoit.（反映管理当局受托责任的履行结果，或管理当局受托管理资源的责任。）5．Whataretherecognitionandmeasurementprinciples?财务报表要素的确认与计量原则。参考答案：(1)Recognitionistheprocessofincorporatinginthebalancesheetorincomestatementanitemthatmeetthedefinitionofanelementandsatisfiestherecognitioncriteria.RecognitionCriteria确认标准：a.TheProbabilityofFutureEconomicBenefit未来经济利益流入的可能性MeasurementReliably计量的可靠性(2)Measurementistheprocessofdeterminingthemonetaryamountsatwhichtheelementsoffinancialstatementsaretoberecognizedandcarriedinthebalancesheetorincomestatement.MeasurementBases计量基础：Historicalcost.历史成本Currentcost现行成本Realizable(settlement)value可实现（清算）价值Presentvalue现值8．Differentiatebetweentheaccrualbasisandthecashbasis.应计制与现金制的区别。参考答案：Undertheaccrualbasisfortheaccountingperiodconcept,revenuesarereportedintheincomestatementintheperiodinwhichtheyareearned.Underthecashbasisfortheaccountingperiodconcept,revenuesandexpensesarereportedintheincomestatementintheperiodinwhichcashisreceivedorpaid.9．Whatisthedouble-entrysystem?简述复式记账法的含义参考答案：Asystemofrecordingtransactionsinawaythatmaintainstheequalityoftheaccountingequation.Thefundamentalruleofdouble-entrybookkeepingisthatdebitsmustequalcredits.Foreverytransaction,theremustbeatleastonedebitandonecredit.Debitsmustalwaysequalcreditsforeachtransaction.Debitsarealwaysenteredontheleftsideofanaccountandcreditsarealwaysenteredontherightside.10．Whatarethemajortypesofadjustingentries?调整分录的种类参考答案：Adjustingentriescanbeclassifiedaseither：PrepaymentsorAccruals(1)Prepaymentsfallintotwocategories:a.Prepaidexpenseb.DeferredRevenue(UnearnedRevenue)(2)Accrualsfallintotwocategoriesa.Accruedexpensesb.Accruedrevenues★考核知识点:调整分录P72附4.10参考课件第4章Companiesareonacalendarorfiscalyearandbusinesstransactionscancutacrosstwoyears.Therefore,adjustingentriesareneededtoensurethattherevenuerecognitionandmatchingprinciplesarefollowed.Adjustingentriescanbeclassifiedaseither：PrepaymentsorAccruals(1)Prepaymentsfallintotwocategories:a.Prepaidexpenses:expenseshavebeenpaidincashandarerecordedasassetsuntiltheyareusedorconsumed.b.DeferredRevenue(UnearnedRevenue)：Revenuesreceivedincashandrecordedasliabilitiesbeforetheyareearned.(2)Accrualsfallintotwocategoriesa.Accruedexpensesareexpensesthathavebeenincurredbutnotyetpaidincashandthereisnooriginalentry.b.Accruedrevenuesarerevenuesthathavebeenearnedbutnotyetreceivedincash.11.Describethebasicstepsoftheaccountingcycle.简述会计循环的步骤。参考答案：Theaccountingcycle(oraccountingprocess)includesstandardizedproceduresthatareperformedinsequenceduringeveryperiod.(会计循环，或称为会计程序，是在每个会计期间按照一定顺序处理业务的一套规范化的程序）Itiscalledcyclebecausethestepsrepeatedeachaccountingperiod.(1)Transactionsareanalyzedandrecordedinthejournal.(2). Transactionsarepostedtotheledger.(3)Atrialbalanceisprepared,adjustmentdataareassembled,andanoptionalworksheetiscompleted.(4)Financialstatementsareprepared.(5)Adjustingentriesarejournalizedandposted.(6)Closingentriesarejournalizedandposted.(7)Apost-closingtrialbalanceisprepared.12．Whataretheadvantagesoftheallowancemethodforuncollectibleaccounts?应收账款坏账备抵法的优点。★考核知识点:应收账款坏账处理P212-217附4.12参考课件第5章Managementmakesanestimateeachyearoftheportionofaccountsreceivablethatmaynotbecollectible.UncollectibleAccountsExpense(BadDebts)isdebitedandAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountsiscredited.ActualaccountsthatprovetobeuncollectiblearedebitedtoAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountsandcreditedtoAccountsReceivable.(1)Thismethodisconsistentwiththematchingprinciple.(2)Theaccountsreceivablestateatnetrealizablevalueatendoftheaccountingperiod.13．Describethecharacteristicsoftheperiodicinventorysystemandtheperpetualinventorysystem.存货的两种盘存制度的特点。参考答案：Acompanyusingaperpetualsystemmaintainsacontinuousrecordofthephysicalquantitiesinitsinventory.Acompanyusingaperiodicsystemdoesnotmaintainsacontinuousrecordofthephysicalquantitiesonhand.Inaperiodicinventorysystem,whenanitemissold,theonlyjournalentryrecordedistoreflectthesaleofthemerchandiseCostofgoodssoldisrecordedonlyaftertheendinginventoryhasbeencountedandvaluedattheendoftheperiod.Withaperpetualinventorysystem,continuallyupdatedrecordsaremaintainedforinventoryitems.Suchtrackingisreadilyenabledthroughadvancesintechnology.Asaresult,twojournalentriesaremadewhenasaleoccurs.14．Whatarethefinancialstatementseffectsofinventorymethods?存货计价方法对报表有何影响？（以先进先出法、后进先出法和平均成本法为例）IncomeStatementEffects：Inperiodsofincreasingprices,FIFOreportsthehighestnetincome,LIFOthelowestnetincome,andaveragecostfallsinthemiddle.Inperiodsofdecreasingprices,theconverseistrue:FIFOwillreportthelowestnetincome,LIFOthehighest,withaveragecostinthemiddle.BalanceSheetEffects：Inaperiodofinflation,thecostsallocatedtoendinginventoryusingFIFOwillapproximatecurrentcosts.Thus,themarkettobookvalueoftheinventoryshouldapproximate1.0.Conversely,duringaperiodofincreasingprices,thecostsallocatedtotheendinginventoryusingLIFOwillbesignificantlyunderstated.Thus,themarkettobookratiowillbegreaterthan1.0.15．Whataretheclassificationsandobjectivesofinvestmentinsecurities?简述证券投资的类型和目的。参考答案：ClassificationsofInvestments: Tradingsecurities；Held-to-maturitydebtsecurities；Available-for-salesecuritiesObjectivesofInvestmentinSecurities：（1）Temporaryinvestmentofsurpluscash（2）Investmentsolelyforareturn（3）Investmentforinfluence（4）Purchaseforcontrol★考核知识点:存货计价方法P237-244附4.15参考课件第6章Marketablesecurities–Stocks,bondsandotherfinancialinstrumentsthatorganizationsholdinlieuofcash.Thesearealsoreferredtointhefinancialstatementsasshort-terminvestmentsTwoTypesofMarketablesecurities:Debtsecurities-Thesearebondsissuedbycorporationsorgovernmentthathavematurityvalue,interestrateandmaturitydate.Equitysecurities–Theseareanysecurities,suchascommonsharesthatrepresentownershipinacompany.ClassificationsofInvestmentsinEquityandDebtSecurities： Tradingsecurities:Investmentsatfairvaluethroughprofitorloss;heldfortrading,ordesignatedtobe‘atfairvaluethroughprofitorloss’Held-to-maturitydebtsecurities:financialassetswithfixedordeterminablepayments;fixedmaturity;positiveintentandabilitytoholdtomaturityAvailable-for-salesecurities:remainingfinancialassets;donotfallintoanyofthetwocategoriesaboveObjectivesofInvestmentinSecuritiesTemporaryinvestmentofsurpluscashInvestmentsolelyforareturnInvestmentforinfluencePurchaseforcontrol16.Describethereasonsforholdingmarketablesecurities.简述企业进行短期有价证券投资的原因★考核知识点:短期投资P361附4.16参考课件第6章Therearemanyreasonswhyacompanymaywanttobuydebtorequitysecuritiesfromanothercompany.Forexample,CompanyAmaypurchasethedebtofCompanyBbecause•CompanyB’sdebtispayingagoodinterestrate.•ThedebtmayhaveamaturitydatethatmatchesCompanyA’sneedforcash.•Thedebtmaybesellingforlessthanfacevalue,andCompanyAthinksthatitcansellthedebtlateratagain.Investmentsindebtandequitysecuritiescanbeclassifiedonthestatementoffinancialpositionaseithercurrentornon-currentassets.Onereasonforholdingshortterminvestmentsrelatestothecontrolofcash.Theamountofcashheldbyanentityshouldbecarefullyregulatedsothatthereisneithertoomuchnortoolittleavailableatanytime.Ifthereistoolittlecashonhand,thefirmwillnotbeabletomeetdailyorperiodiccashrequirements;ifthereistoomuchcashonhand,aportionoftheentity’sassetsareunproductive.Therefore,managementwilltrytokeepjustenoughcashonhandatanyonetimetomeetdailyrequirements,plusacushionforemergencies.Cashinexcessofthedailyminimumshouldbeinvestedinincome-producingopportunities,suchasthedebtandequitysecuritiesofothercompanies.17.Describethecharacteristicsofproperty,plantandequipment.简述固定资产的特点。Property,plant,andequipmentisdefinedastangibleassetsthatareheldforuseinproductionorsupplyofgoodsandservices,forrentalstoothers,orforadministrativepurposes;theyareexpectedtobeusedduringmorethanoneperiod.Includes:Land,Buildingstructures(offices,factories,warehouses),andEquipment(machinery,furniture,tools).Thecharacteristics：(1)“Usedinoperations”andnotforresale.(2)Long-terminnatureandusuallydepreciated.(3)Possessphysicalsubstance.18.Describethebenefitsofaccelerateddepreciationmethods.什么是加速折旧法？其优点有哪些？参考答案：Acceleratedmethodsofdepreciationresultinmoredepreciationintheearlyyearsofanasset'slifeandlessdepreciationinthelateryearsofanasset'slifethandoesthestraight-lineapproach.Thebenefitsofaccelerateddepreciationmethodsare:(1)Decreasingdepreciationchargesarematchedagainstincreasingrepairandmaintenancecharges.(2)Higherdepreciationchargesdrivenetincomedowninearlyyearsofanasset’slife.Asaresult,accelerateddepreciationmethodsarefavoredfortaxpurposes.19.Describethecharacteristicsofintangibleassets.什么是无形资产？其特征有哪些？参考答案：Anintangibleassetsisanidentifiablenon-monetaryassetwithoutphysicalsubstance.无形资产是指没有实物形态的、可辨认的非货币性资产。Examplesofintangibleassetsincludegoodwill,patents,copyrights,franchises,trademarksandtradenames……例如：商誉、专利权、版权、特许权、商标、商号等Thecharacteristics：ahigherdegreeofuncertaintyregardingthefuturebenefits未来收益的高度不确定性valuesubjecttowiderfluctuations价值波动性大havingvalueonlytoaparticularcompany其价值只与某一特定企业相关‘non-monetary’feature非货币性质如下答案也可以：Intangibleassetsarerights,privileges,andcompetitiveadvantagesthatresultfromownershipoflong-livedassetsthatdonotpossessphysicalsubstance.Examplesofintangibleassetsincludegoodwill,patents,copyrights,franchises,trademarksandtradenames……TheMainCharacteristics:Identifiable.可辨认性Lackphysicalexistence.缺乏实物形态Notmonetaryassets.非货币性资产Normallyclassifiedasnon-currentasset.20.Describethereasonsforissuanceoflong-termliabilities.举借长期债务的原因（与发行股票相比）。参考答案：ReasonsforIssuanceofLong-TermLiabilities：(1)Debtfinancingmaybetheonlyavailablesourceoffunds.(2)Debtfinancingmayhavealowercost.(3)Debtfinancingoffersanincometaxadvantage.(4)Thevotingprivilegeisnotshared.(5)Debtfinancingofferstheopportunityforleverage.22．Describetherightsofcommonshareholders.（简述普通股股东的权利）Thetwoprimaryclassesofpaid-incapitalarecommonstock（ordinaryshares)andpreferredstock.Theprimaryattractivenessofpreferredstocksisthattheyarepreferredovercommonastodividends.RightsandPrivilegeofShareholders：CommonShareholdersrighttovoteonkeycorporatematterspreemptiverighttopurchaseenoughsharestoretaintheirproportionalownershipinterestrighttoshareproportionatelyinanydividendshaveresidualinterestinassetsinliquidationPreferredShareholdersstipulateddividendrate;stipulatedliquidationvalueparticipationinearnings;cumulativefeature23．Describethethreeconditionsthatcorporationsdeclareandpaycashdividendsonsharesoutstanding.现金股利的发放条件。参考答案：Corporationsgenerallydeclareandpaycashdividendsonsharesoutstandingwhenthreeconditionsexist:1. Sufficientretainedearnings2. Sufficientcash3. Formalactionbytheboardofdirectors24．Describethereasonsexistforacompanytoissueastockdividend.公司发放股票股利的原因。参考答案：Numerousreasonsexistforacompanytoissueastockdividend:toshowthatthefirmplanstopermanentlyretainaportionofearningsinthebusinesstoincreasethenumberofsharesoutstanding,whichreducesthemarketpricepershareandwhich,inturn,tendstoincreasetradingofsharesinthemarket.(alargestockdividends)tocontinuedividenddistributionswithoutdisbursingassets(usuallycash)thatmaybeneededforoperationsstockdividendsdonotsubjecttheshareholderstoincometaxshareholdersmayactuallyprefertoreceivestockdividendsbecausetheycanselltheseadditionalsharesonlyiftheychoosetodoso25．Differentiatebetweenthestockdividendsandstocksplits.股票股利与股票分割的区别。参考答案：StockDividends：ParvalueofasharedoesnotchangeTotalnumberofsharesincreasesTotalstockholders’equitydoesnotchangeThecompositionofequitychanges(lessofretainedearnings;moreofstock)StockdividendsrequirejournalentriesStockSplits：ParvalueofasharedecreasesTotalnumberofsharesincreasesTotalstockholders’equitydoesnotchangeThecompositionofequitydoesnotchange(sameamountsofstockandRE)Stocksplitsdonotrequirejournalentries26．Describethereasonsthatacompanymayretireshares.简述企业取得库藏股的原因。TreasuryStock:Afirmmayalsobuyitsownsharesandholdthemforeventualresale.SuchsharesmaynotvoteatshareholdermeetingsorreceivedividendsWhyDoesACorporationReacquireItsOwnStock?Reissuesharestoofficersandemployeesunderbonusandstockcompensationplans.因奖金和股票期权计划，再发行股票给高管喝雇员Increasetradingofcompany'sstockinsecuritiesmarketinhopesofenhancingmarketvalue.增加本公司股票在证券市场的交易量，以希望提高市场价值Haveadditionalsharesavailableforuseinacquisitionofothercompanies.为取得其他公司准备股票Reducenumberofsharesoutstanding,therebyincreasingearningspershare.减少发行在外股数，以提高每股收益Preventahostiletakeover.防止恶意并购28．Describethematchingmethodsbetweentheexpensesandrevenue.费用与收入配比的三种方法。参考答案：Thematchingprincipleisbrokendownintothreepervasivemeasurementprinciples:费用的确认方法（即与收入配比的方法）(1)associatingcauseandeffect（因果关系）:costsarerelativelyeasytoidentifywiththerelatedrevenues,suchasmaterialsanddirectlaborconsumedinthemanufacturingprocess(2)systematicandrationalallocation（系统合理的分配）:costsaremorecloselyassociatedwithspecificaccountingperiods,suchascostsofbuildingsandequipment(3)immediaterecognition（立即确认）:Allothercostsaregenerallyexpensedintheperiodinwhichtheyareincurred,suchasofficesalaries,utilities,advertisingexpenses,etc.29.Describethepurposesoffinancialstatementanalysis.简述财务报表分析的目的。参考答案：Financialstatementanalysishastwopurposes:(1)tousethepastperformanceofanentitytopredictitsfutureprofitabilityandcashflows.(2)toevaluatetheperformanceofanentitywithaneyetowardidentifyingproblemareas.30.Whatisthepurposeofastatementofcashflows?Howdoesitdifferfromabalancesheetandanincomestatement?说明现金流量表的作用，这与收益表和资产负债表的作用有何不同参考答案：UsefulnessoftheIncomeStatement：Evaluatepastperformance.评价过去业绩Predictingfutureperformance.预测未来业绩Helpassesstheriskoruncertaintyofachievingfuturecashflows.有助于评价达到未来现金流量的风险与不确定性Usefulnessofthebalancesheet：Evaluatingthecapitalstructure.Assessriskandfuturecashflows.Analyzethecompany’s:Liquidity,solvency,andsinancialflexibility.PurposeoftheStatementofCashFlows：Toproviderelevantinformationaboutthecashreceiptsandcashpaymentsofanenterpriseduringaperiod.Thestatementprovidesanswerstothefollowingquestions:Wheredidthecashcomefrom?Whatwasthecashusedfor?Whatwasthechangeinthecashbalance?Importanceofthestatementofcashflow：Itisusefultomanagersinevaluatingpastoperationsandinplanningfutureinvestingandfinancingactivities.Itisusefultoinvestors,creditors,andothersinassessingafirm’sprofitpotential.Itisabasisforassessingthefirm’sabilitytopayitsmaturingdebt.31.Whatarethehorizontalanalysis,verticalAnalysisandratioanalysis?什么是横向分析、纵向分析、比率分析？(1)Horizontalanalysis(ortrendanalysis):Usesdatafromprioryearsasayardstick.Theoldestyearisusedasabase,linebyline,andsubsequentyearsareexpressedasapercentageofthebase.Twosteps:selectabaseyearandassigneachitemonthebaseyearstatementaweightof100%;expresseachitemfromthestatementsfortheotheryearsasapercentageofitsbaseyearamount(2)VerticalAnalysis:Apercentageanalysiscanbeusedtoshowtherelationshipofeachcomponenttoatotalwithinasinglestatement.Thetotal,or100%item,onthebalancesheetis“totalassets.”Netsalesis100.0%ontheincomestatement.Verticalanalysiswithbothdollarandpercentageamountsisalsousefulincomparingonecompanywithanotherorwithindustryaverages.Suchcomparisonsareeasiertomakewiththeuseofcommon-sizestatementsinwhichallitemsareexpressedinpercentages.(3)Ratioanalysis:Amathematicalrelationshipbetweentwoamountsfromthefinancialstatements.Theamountsmightconsistofasingleaccountoranumberofdifferentaccounts,fromanyofthefinancialstatements—thebalancesheet,theincomestatement,orthestatementofcashflow.Solvencyistheabilityofabusinesstomeetitsfinancialobligations(debts)astheyaredue.Solvencyanalysisfocusesontheabilityofabusinesstopayorotherwisesatisfyitscurrentandnoncurrentliabilities.Thisabilityisnormallyassessedbyexaminingbalancesheetrelationships.Profitabilityistheabilityofanentitytoearnprofits.Thisabilitytoearnprofitsdependsontheeffectivenessandefficiencyofoperationsaswellasresourcesavailable.Profitabilityanalysisfocusesprimarilyontherelationshipbetweenoperatingresultsreportedintheincomestatementandresourcesreportedinthebalancesheet.五、业务题1.RecordthefollowingselectedtransactionsforMarchinatwo-columnjournal,identifyingeachentrybyletter:(a)Received$10,000fromShirleyKnowles,owner.(b)Purchasedequipmentfor$35,000,paying$10,000incashandgivinganotepayablefortheremainder.(c)Paid$1,000forrentforMarch.(d)Purchased$8,500ofsuppliesonaccount.(e)Recorded$2,500offeesearnedonaccount.(f)Received$11,000incashforfeesearned.(g)Paid$200tocreditorsonaccount.(h)Paidwagesof$1,250.(i)Received$1,150fromcustomersonaccount.(j)Recordedowner'swithdrawalof$1,850.ANS: (a)Cash10,000ShirleyKnowles,Capital10,000(b)Equipment35,000Cash10,000NotesPayable25,000(c)RentExpense1,000Cash1,000(d)Supplies8,500AccountsPayable8,500(e)AccountsReceivable2,500FeesEarned2,500(f)Cash11,000FeesEarned11,000(g)AccountsPayable200Cash200(h)WagesExpense1,250Cash1,250(i)Cash1,150AccountsReceivable1,150(j)ShirleyKnowles,Drawing1,850Cash1,8502．JournalizethesixentriesthatadjusttheaccountsatDecember31.Oneoftheaccountswasaffectedbytwodifferentadjustingentries.UnadjustedTrialBalanceAdjustedTrialBalanceCash3,0003,000AccountsReceivable30,00030,500Supplies1,700100PrepaidInsurance2,000400Equipment9,0009,000AccumulatedDepreciation1,500WagesPayable4,000UnearnedFees6,0001,500AnnCole,Capital20,00020,000FeesEarned62,00067,000WagesExpense42,30046,300SuppliesExpense1,600InsuranceExpense1,600DepreciationExpense1,500Total88,00088,00094,00094,000========================ANS: AccountsReceivable500FeesEarned500SuppliesExpense1,600Supplies1,600InsuranceExpense1,600PrepaidInsurance1,600DepreciationExpense1,500AccumulatedDepreciation1,500UnearnedFees4,500FeesEarned4,500WagesExpense4,000WagesPayable4,0003. Foreachofthefollowing,journalizethenecessaryadjustingentry:(a)Abusinesspaysweeklysalariesof$15,000onFridayforafive-dayweekendingonthatday.Journalizethenecessaryadjustingentryattheendofthefiscalperiod,assumingthatthefiscalperiodends(1)onWednesday,(2)onThursday.(b)Thebalanceintheprepaidinsuranceaccountbeforeadjustmentattheendoftheyearis$14,000.Journalizetheadjustingentryrequiredundereachofthefollowingalternatives:(1)theamountofinsuranceexpiredduringtheyearis$4,500,(2)theamountofunexpiredinsuranceapplicabletoafutureperiodis$1,500.(c)OnJuly1ofthecurrentyear,abusinesspays$36,000tothecityforlicensetaxesforthecomingfiscalyear.Thesamebusinessisalsorequiredtopayanannualpropertytaxattheendoftheyear.Theestimatedamountofthecurrentyear'spropertytaxallocabletoJulyis$3,20