初三英语 语法模块之非谓语动词

初三英语语法模块之非谓语动词初三英语语法模块之非谓语动词初三英语语法模块之非谓语动词初三英语语法模块之非谓语动词编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:2016年寒假英语初三组2016年寒假英语初三组非谓语动词非谓语动词掌握内容掌握内容知识目标学习非谓语动词的定义掌握非谓语动词的结构以及变化规则了解非谓语动词的重难点:常可省略不定式to的情况既可以加不定式也可以加ing的情况PartIIntroduction请用所给单词的正确形式填空，并指出所填写单词是否为非谓语。若是非谓语，问：非谓语在此处做什么成分？1.LaoLishiwasthefirstpersoninZhanjiang_________(win)theOlympicgoldenmedal.2.---Haveyoudecidedwhere_________(take)yourweddingholiday-

--Notyet.

3.Phelpsalmostdevotedallhischildhoodtopractice___________(swim).4.Mygrandparentsliveinasmallvillage________(call)Xinpo.5.After_________(do)thelaundry,shewenton_________(do)somegardening.PartIIGrammarFocus一、非谓语的定义：在简单句中不能作谓语的动词的词是非谓语动词。根据动词是否在句中作谓语，我们也可以把动词分为____________和_____________两种。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、非谓语的构成：三、非谓语的用法：主语宾语表语宾语补足语定语状语不定式动名词分词_____________(表示具体某一次)_____________(表示具体某一次)______________（表习惯性）1.作主语：(1)不定式做主语：考点：不定式作主语时，常用it做形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为_______________________________例：Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.注意：在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，用of。例：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme._________________________.眼见为实。(2)动名词用作主语：考点：跟不定式一样，动名词作主语时常位于句末，而在其原来的位置用it作形式主语。谓语动词一般用_____。例：Sayingsomuch_______useless.Itisuselesssayingsomuch.______________________________________________________2.作宾语：(1)不定式作宾语：考点:①常见表示命令、打算或希望的一类词，这类动词有：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________例：他希望马上能见到他的孩子。_______________________________.Hebegantoreadandwriteafterlunch.（当一个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to。）考点②常见的一些省略to的动词不定式的句式__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________e.g:Iwouldratherstayathome.你最好远离他。_______________________________________.考点③在find,think,believe,guess后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。我们发现横跨这条河流是不可能的。_________________________________________.考点④不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how，who连用，相当于一个宾语从句的作用。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.Hedidn’tknowwhichtochoose.比较：whattodo与howtodoit【小试牛刀】一、翻译题：1.邮局离这儿有点远，你最好坐车去。_________________________________________________.2.他们不知道何时开始会议。_________________________________________________.二、选择题：()1.--What’syourplanforthesummerholiday?

--I’venoidea,butI’vedecided_________athomeandhaveagoodrestfirst.AstayBtostayCstayed()2.Thegirlprefer______athomeratherthan_______tothecinema.A.tostay;goB.staying;goingC.tostay;togo()3.Webelieve_____possibleforTimtogetthefirstprize.A.thatB.itC.this()4.Allthehatslookbeautiful.Idon’tknow______________.AhowtochooseBwhattochooseCwhichonetochoose()5.Theyoungsoldierreallydoesn’tknow__________tostopthebabyfromcryinghard.AwhattodoBhowtodoCwhentodo(2)动名词作宾语：考点：①用作动词宾语：这类词有：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________等。例：他继续犯同样的错误。____________________________________.Isuggestleavingnow.考点：②用作介词宾语：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________例：Afterfinishingmywork,Itookashortrest.Theydroveintotownwithouttalkingtoeachother.【小试牛刀】一、翻译题。1.我确信什么也无法阻止李雷成为一名作家。__________________________________________.2.我习惯先吃完早餐再刷牙。___________________________________________.3.我把这些植物都扔了而不是每天给它们浇水。____________________________________________.二、选择题。()1.--It’shot.Wouldyoumind________thewindow?

--____________.Doitasyoulike,please!Ametoopen;OKBmyopening;Certainlynot.Cmyclosing;Ofcourse()2.Thetouristshavedifficulty________withthelocalpeople.A.communicateB.communicatingC.tocommunicate______________________________________________________(1)不定式作表语的作用是：___________Hiswishistobecomeapianist.他的愿望是成为一名钢琴家。(2)动名词作表语的作用是：_______________Oneofhisbadhabitsisbitingnails.他的一个坏习惯是咬手指甲。______________________________________________________4.作宾语补足语：(1)不定式用作宾语补足语：考点①双宾及物动词后，带to的不定式，这类动词有：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________例：Theyaskedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.考点②在表示五官感觉、使役动词后，要用不带to的不定式，这类动词有：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________例：Theboysawtwomenenterthehouse.这个年轻人使这个老的机器老师运转了起来。___________________________________________.注：变被动怎么办？

被动Theboysawtwomenenterthehouse.被动__________________________________________.（2）分词用作宾语补足语考点①现在分词作宾语补足语，多用于使役动词或感官动词之后。如：see,watch,hear,feel,smell,notice,find;have,get,leave,keep例：Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Hekeptthemachinerunningfortenhours.易错点：havesb.dosth.=letsb.dosth.havesb.doingsth.=keepsb.doingsth.请比较：Isawtheoldmancrossingthestreet.我看见那个老人在过街。Isawtheoldmancrossthestreet.我看见那个老人过街的。②过去分词作宾补，多表示宾语的状态或被动意义。动作是宾语发不出来的，多用于使役动词、感官动词动词后面。特别注意“have＋宾语＋过去分词”这一结构的用法。例：Ihavetohavemyhaircut.你应该让你自己被所有人理解。_______________________________________【小试牛刀】()1.Myfatherisnotgoodatcooking.Heoftenasksmymother_____________.AtohelphimBnottohelphimChowtohelphim()2.Weareoftentold__________atpeoplewhoareintrouble.AnottosmileBtosmileCnottolaugh()3..Iheardsomeone_______thedoorand_______.

A.open;comeinB.toopen;tocomeinC.open;comeinto ()4.--IsJackinthelibrary?

--Maybe.Isawhim_____outwithsomebooksjustnow.

A.going B.go C.togo ()5.Thekids_______theirparentstohurrytotheothersideoftheplaygroundtogetthegiftforthem.A.hopeB.expectC.Wait()6.Tomoftenmakeshislittlesister______butyesterdayhewasmade______byhissister.Acry;tocryBtocry;cryCcry;cry______________________________________________________5.作定语(1)不定式用作定语：考点：①不定式可以像形容词一样用来修饰名词，但是它必须后置。例：Wemustfirstfindsomethingforhimtoeat.考点：②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式之后加上适当的介词。如：Heisnotamantotalkwith.(2)动名词用作定语：通常前置，表示该名词所表示的事物的用途。如果用“for＋动名词”，则应后置。例：aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming(3)分词用作定语：①现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的特征，或修饰名词所做的动作。表示______________________。单个的现在分词作定语必须___置；现在分词短语则___置。现在分词短语作定语，相当于一个______从句。例：IhaveafriendlivinginLondon.(=______________________________________.)asleepingboy=_____________，_______________=thesunthatisrisingTheroomwasfullofpeoplewhoarewaitingforthedoctor.(=_______________________________________)②过去分词作定语多表示_______________________。动作发生在谓语动词之前。其前置和特征与现在分词相同。例：Weneedmoretrainednurses.(=_______________________________________)Thingswhichareseenfrombehindseemalittledifferent.(=_______________________________)【小试牛刀】()1.Doyouknowtheman________underthetree?A.standB.standingC.stood()2.Doyouhaveanything______foryourself?A.sayB.sayingC.tosay()3.Thelocalthingsarespeciallyexpensive________byhands.A.madeB.makingC.tomake______________________________________________________6.作状语：(1)不定式用作状语：①用作_________状语，例：Hecametoborrowmydictionary.Theywentonfoot,soasnottobeheard.Inordernottobeheard,theywentonfoot.②用作_______状语，例：Hehurriedtothehouse,onlytofinditempty.③用作______状语Sheisoldenoughtotravelallbyherself.④用作______状语，例：Wejumpedwithjoytohearthenews.(2)分词用作状语：①现在分词作状语，多用来表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。现在分词作状语它的逻辑主语是主句的主语。例：Theystoodbytheroad,readingbooks.(表_______)Hearing/Whenhearinganoise,theystoppedtalking.(=Whentheyheard….)听到喧闹声，他们便停止了谈话。（表_______）②过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语一样，可以表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。过去分词作状语表示主语的状态或是主语与从句的动词是被动关系。例Deeplymoved,shecouldn’tsayaword.(=Asshewasdeeplymoved….)她深受感动，一句话也说不出来。（表_______）【小试牛刀】()1.--Mybrother’sillinhospital.--I’msorry____________that.AtohearBhearingCheard()2.--Linda,I’mverythirsty. --Let’sgotothenearestsupermarket________somedrinks,OK?AbuyBboughtCtobuy()3.When_________,waterchangesintosteam.A.heatB.heatingC.heated()4.Alex,youshouldhaveyourcar______.Itissodirty.A.cleanB.cleaningC.cleaned()5.________bymanystudents,theteachercameintotheclassroom.A.FollowB.FollowingC.Followed()6.Thisistheplaceforhim________.A.toliveB.livinginC.toliveinPartIVConclusion现在分词与过去分词用图表法进行比较如下:功能例句说明______________________________Thegirlstandinginfrontoftheclassroomismyroommate.作定语，其逻辑主语为其所修饰的词。作定语，其逻辑宾语为其所修饰的词。______Theteacherswentoutofthebuilding,talkingandlaughing.分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。_______Thesituationisencouraging.Theboyistooexcitedtoutteraword.表示主语的性质，特征表示某种状态_______YesterdayJimkeptuswaitingforalongtime.IheardLilysingingintheclassroom.He’llhavehishaircuttomorrow.被补足的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语，即主动关系被补足的宾语或主语是其逻辑宾语，即被动关系总结三种非谓语在句中所作的成分：主语宾语表语宾语补足语定语状语不定式动名词分词PartVKeyPoints一、既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词：★1.forget,remember,regret等：在forget,remember,regret后，用动名词作宾语表示_________，用不定式表示__________。例：Irememberpostingtheletter.Remembertoposttheletter.我将永远不会忘记第一次见他的时候。_______________________________________________.这些学生总是忘记把垃圾带出教室。___________________________________________________.★2.stop,goon等：在stop,goon后，用动名词作宾语表示____________，用不定式表示___________。例：Theystoppedtalking.Theystoppedtotalk.★3.need,want等：在need,want后，用动名词作宾语表示________，和用被动态的不定式在意义上一样。例：Thisroomneedscleaning/tobecleaned.这块老式的手表需要修理。_________________________________..★4.allow,mean,tryallowdoingsth.允许做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事例：我们不允许在这抽烟。___________________________________________.我们不允许学生在上学日的时候外出。___________________________________.meantodo_________meandoing_________例：他打算出国学习。____________________________________________.做那个事意味着浪费时间。_______________________________________.trytodosth.___________trydoingsth.____________例：Pleasetrytodobetternexttime.HetriedspeakingEnglishtome.比较trytodosth.:努力做某事，不一定成功。managetodosth.努力做某事，且成功了。二、常用不定式或动名词的句型

(1)It’stimetodosth.=It’stimeforsth.“是做……的时候了”

It’stimetohavesupper.=It’stimeforsupper.该吃晚饭了。

(2)Let’sdosth.否定句：___________

(3)Ittakessb.sometime(money)todosth.“某人花费多少时间(金钱)做某事”

我花了半小时做这个题目。______________________________

(4)be+形容词+enough+todosth.“足够……做某事”

_______________________________________________.那小姑娘已够上学年龄。

(5)be+too+形容词+todosth.“太……不能做某事”

_________________________________________________.那孩子太害怕，不敢动一动。

(6)beready+todosth.“乐意做某事，准备做某事”准备做某事=_________________________

雷锋总是乐于助人。__________________________________.(7)It’s+形容词+(for/ofsb.)+todosth.

It’simportantforthetwinstohelpeachother.孪生子互相帮助是很重要的。(8)beafraidtodosth.“不敢做某事”=beafraidofdoingsth.

Heisafraidtotellhisfatheraboutit.他不敢告诉他父亲。

(9)prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.表示“宁愿……也不愿……”

我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。___________________________________

(10)wouldliketodosth.与wouldlovetodosth.常用于口语中，表示“喜欢……”

I’dliketohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。Iwouldlovetogo.我想去。

(11)hadbetter+V原表示“最好……”，否定句：____________________

You’dbetterputonyourcoat.It’sverycoldoutside.你最好穿上大衣。外面很冷。

You’dbetternotgo.你最好不要去。

(12)Will/Could/Wouldyouplease+不带to的不定式，表示请求。

请你叫她到老师办公室去一下好吗？________________________________Whynotdosth.=____________他为什么不去学校呢___________________________(14)Howabout/Whatabout…去爬山怎么样？_____________________PartVIHomework一、单项选择()1.—Wouldyoupleasetellme________next?

—Thinkitover.You’llfindagoodway.

A.whentodo B.howtodo C.whattodo ()2.Hisparentsoftenencouragehim________hard.

A.work B.working C.towork ()3.LastweekImetmyoldfriendLiMingbutIforgot________himforhistelephonenumber.

A.ask B.asking C.toask()4.Youshouldspeakloudertomake_______.

A.everyoneheard B.yourselfhearing C.yourselfheard()5.Timwassaw______thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enteredC.entering()6._________fromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.A.SeeingB.ToseeC.Seen用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Thepoorgirlwasmade___________(leave)schoolbyherfather’sdeath.2.It’stoocloudyandseemed________(rain).Thefarmershadtohurryhome.3.---Wherearethechildren

---Theyarebusy__________(pull)upweedsinthegarden.

4.Wehadahardtime_____________(get)tothetopofMountTai.5.Mikewasn’ttallenough_________(reach)theclockonthewall.6.__________(see)fromthemountain,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.三、补全对话，一空一词。Host:Hi,Erin.Thanksfor___1___TeenTalk109.1FM.What’stheproblem?Erin:Well,see.Ialwayswearfashionableclothes,andIhaveareallyneathaircut.Host:Yes?Erin:It’smyfriend,Jasmine.ShebuysthesameclothesasIdo,andsheevengetsthesamehaircut.Shecopies___2___Ido.Iwanttobeoriginal.Iwanttohavemyownclothesandmyownhaircut.Host:Ithinkyoushouldbehappythatyourfriendlikesyourclothesandhaircut.Idon’tthinkyouhavea____3___.Erin:That’saninterestingopinion.Thankyou.Host:OK.Wehavetimeforone___4__person.Maryisontheline.Host:

Hi,

Mary!

You__5___unhappy.

What’s

the

matter?

Mary:

My

father

is

smoking

more___6___.

Host:

Really?

You

should

advise

him

to

give

up

smoking.

Smoking

is

bad

for

his

health.

Mary:

Youareright!

Smoking

is

a

bad

habit.

Host:

Is

it

just

a

habit?

In

fact,

people

who

smoke

are

___7___

killing

themselves.

Mary:

I

couldn’t

agree

more.

Smoking

can

cause

many

____8___,

in

particular

lung

cancer,so

I’m

worried

about

my

father’s

health.

Host:

Does

your

father

know

this?

Mary:

I’m

not

sure.

Maybe

he

doesn’t.

Host:

You

ought

to

tell

him.

I

read__9__the

newspaper

that

tens

of

thousands

of

peoplein

the

world

die

from

smoking

every

day.

Mary:

You

can’t

be

serious!

Is

it

true?

Host:

That’s

what

the

paper

said.

What’s

more,

smokers

can

hurt

not

only

themselves

but

also

theirfamilies.

Mary