新高考高二英语下学期期末考试分类汇编阅读理解之议论文

欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！专题04阅读理解之议论文（一）（2021·辽宁葫芦岛·高二期末）Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingsick,anewAmericanstudysuggests.Inanexperimentthatexposedhealthyvolunteerstoacoldorfluvirus,researchersfoundthatpeoplewithagenerallysunnycharacterwerelesslikelytofailill.Thefindings,publishedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicine,buildonevidencethata“positiveemotionalstyle”canhelpwardoffthecommoncoldandotherillness.“Peoplewithapositiveemotionalstylemayhavedifferentimmune（免疫的）responsestothevirus,”explainedleadstudyauthorDrSheldonCohenofCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.“Andwhentheydogetacold,theymayinterprettheirillnessasbeinglesssevere.”Cohenandhiscolleagueshasfoundinapreviousstudythathappierpeopleseemedlesslikelytocatchacold,butsomequestionsremainedastowhethertheemotionalqualityitselfhadtheeffect.Forthenewstudy,theresearchershad193healthyadultscompletestandardmeasuresofpersonalityqualities,physicalshealthand“emotionalstyle”.Thosewhotendedtobehappy,energeticandeasy–goingwerejudgedashavingapositiveemotionalstyle,whilethosewhowereoftenunhappy,tenseandhostile（敌意的）hadanegativestyle.Afterwards,theresearchersgavethemnosedropscontainingeitheracoldvirusoraparticularfluvirusthatcausesflu-likesymptoms.Overthenextsixdays,thevolunteersreportedonanyaches,pains,sneezingtheyhad.Cohenandhiscolleaguesfoundthathappypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacold.What`smore,whenhappyfolksdiddevelopacold,theirsymptomswerelessseverethanexpectedbasedonobjectivemeasures.Incontrast,peoplewithnegativecharacterswerenotatincreasedriskofdevelopingacoldbasedonobjectivemeasures,thoughtheydidtendtogetdownabouttheirsymptoms.“Wefindthatit`sreallypositiveemotionsthathavethebigeffect,”Cohensaid,“notthenegativeones.”Socanabad-temperedpersonfightacoldbydecidingtobehappy?1．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"wardoff"inparagraph3mean?A．Getcloseto. B．Keepawayfrom.C．Getusedto. D．Goonwith.2．WhatwasthepurposeofCohen'snewstudy?A．Tofindeffectivewaystofightillnesses.B．Totestpeople'sdifferentimmuneresponsestocoldvirus.C．Totelldifferencesbetweenhappypeopleandunhappypeople.D．Toexaminewhetherhealthwasrelatedtoemotionalstyles,3．HowdidCohenreachhisconclusion?A．Bycomparingdifferentexperimentalresults.B．Byaskingthevolunteerstocompletenform.C．Bycollectingdataamongpeoplewithncold.D．Byobservingthevolunteers'symptoms.4．Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A．Successisthetwinofpositivespirits.B．Wegetmorebybeingmorepositive.C．Thehappierweare,thefewercoldswewillsuffer.D．Physicalhealthismoreimportantthanmentalhealth.【答案】1．B2．D3．A4．C【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章提出，在寒冷的季节保持积极的心态可能是你预防生病的最好方法，并通过实验研究的方式来证明这一观点。1．词义猜测题。A.Getcloseto.靠近，接近；B.Keepawayfrom.远离；C.Getusedto.习惯于；D.Goonwith.继续。根据文章第一句“Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingsick（在寒冷的季节保持积极的心态可能是你预防生病的最好方法，）”可知，积极的心态可以让人少生病，划线词所在句子“thata“positiveemotionalstyle”canhelpwardoffthecommoncoldandotherillness.(“积极情绪”有助于wardoff感冒和其他疾病。”的主语是apositiveemotionalstyle，宾语是thecommoncoldandotherillness，可推断，该句中的wardoff意为：远离，故选B项。2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Cohen所说的话“Wefindthatit`sreallypositiveemotionsthathavethebigeffect（我们发现积极的情绪有很大的影响）”可推断，他们做这项研究的目的就是为了检查健康是否与情绪类型有关。故选D项。3．推理判断题。根据倒数第五段中“Cohenandhiscolleaguesfoundthathappypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacold.（科恩和他的同事们发现，快乐的人不容易患感冒。）”和倒数第四段“What`smore,whenhappyfolksdiddevelopacold,theirsymptomswerelessseverethanexpectedbasedonobjectivemeasures.（更重要的是，当快乐的人们真的患了感冒时，根据客观测量他们的症状比预期的要轻。）”可知，他们观察到了快乐的人们对感冒的反应；又根据倒数第三段“Incontrast,peoplewithnegativecharacterswerenotatincreasedriskofdevelopingacoldbasedonobjectivemeasures,thoughtheydidtendtogetdownabouttheirsymptoms.（相比之下，根据客观测量，性格消极的人患感冒的风险并不会增加，尽管他们确实倾向于对自己的症状表达不满。）”可知，他们通过对比的方式发现性格消极的人对感冒的反应。综上所述，他们是通过对比两种实验结果而得出“积极的情绪对健康有很大的影响”这一结论的，故选A项。4．主旨大意题。文章第一段开篇点题“Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingsick（在寒冷的季节保持积极的心态可能是你预防生病的最好方法）”，后面整篇文章通过介绍科学研究的过程及结论来证明第一段提出的论点，因此我们可以从文章中得出“我们越快乐就越少受感冒的折磨”这一结论。故选C项。（二）（2021·辽宁沈阳·高二期末）Adecadeago,attheendofmyfirstsemesterteachingatCaptain,mystudentJackstoppedbyforofficehours.Hesatdownandburstintotears.Mymindstartedcyclingthroughalistofeventsthatcouldmakeacollegejuniorcry:Hisgirlfriendhadbrokenupwithhim;hehadbeenaccusedofcheatinginexams;heforgottoturninpapersbeforethedeadline."IjustgotmyfirstAminus,"hesaid.Yearafteryear,IwatchindepressionasstudentsarecrazyaboutgettingstraightA's.Somesacrificetheirhealth;afewhaveeventriedtochargetheirschoolafterfailure.Theybelievetopmarksareatickettoelitegraduateschoolsandrewardingjobopportunities.Iwasoneofthem.IstartedcollegewiththegoalofgraduatingwithaGPAof4.0.Itwouldbeareflectionofmybrainpowerandwillpower,showingthatIhadtherightthingstosucceed.ButIwaswrong.Theevidenceisclear:Acrossindustries,researchshowsthattheassociationbetweengradesandjobperformanceismodestinthefirstyearaftercollegeandinsignificantwithinahandfulofyears.Forexample,atMicrosoft,onceemployeesaretwoorthreeyearsoutofcollege,theirgradeshavenothingtodowiththeirperformance.(Ofcourse,itmustbesaidthatifyougotD's,youprobablywouldn'tendupatMicrosoft.)Academicgradesrarelyassessqualitieslikecreativity,leadershipandteamworkskills,orsocial,emotionalandpoliticalintelligence.Yes,straightAstudentsmasterlargeamountsofinformationandreproduceitinexams.Butcareersuccessisrarelyaboutfindingtherightsolutiontoaproblem—it'smoreaboutfindingtherightproblemtosolve.ThismightexplainwhySteveJobsfinishedhighschoolwithaGPAof2.65,andMartinLutherKingJr.gotonlyoneAinhisfouryearsatMorehouse.5．WhydidJackfeelsad？A．Hisgirlfriendabandonedhim. B．Hewascaughtcheatinginexams.C．HefailedtogetstraightA's. D．Hedidn'thandinhispaperintime.6．Whatdidtheauthoroncebelieve？A．Itwaswrongtocaretoomuchaboutmarks. B．Failurewasschools'fault.C．Marksdidn'treflectwillpowerandbrainpower. D．Topmarksmeantwell-paidjoboffers.7．WhyaretheemployeesatMicrosoftmentioned？A．Toindicateacademicperformanceisimportant.B．Tostressthecompanyvaluesemployeeswithtopmarks.C．Tointroducesuccessfulexamplesinthetechnologyindustry.D．Toshowacademicexcellenceisn'tastrongpredictorofcareerperformance.8．Whatshouldpeoplefocusmoreontosucceed？A．Howtosolveaproblem. B．Whatproblemtobesolved.C．Howtobeacreativeleader. D．Whattodowithdetailedinformation.【答案】5．C6．D7．D8．B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍很多学生热衷于考试得A，但是作者认为学习成绩优异并不能代表未来的成功，并说明了原因。作者最后指出事业上的成功并不在于找到解决问题的正确方法，更多的是找到需要解决的正确问题。5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘IjustgotmyfirstAminus,’hesaid.(“我第一次得了A-”他说)”可知，杰克因为没有得到A+而感到难过。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theybelievetopmarksareatickettoelitegraduateschoolsandrewardingjobopportunities.Iwasoneofthem.IstartedcollegewiththegoalofgraduatingwithaGPAof4.0.Itwouldbeareflectionofmybrainpowerandwillpower,showingthatIhadtherightthingstosucceed.ButIwaswrong.(他们认为高分是进入精英研究生院和获得有价值的工作机会的门票。我就是其中之一。我开始大学生涯的目标是以4.0的GPA毕业。这将是我的智力和意志力的反映，表明我有获得成功的正确的事情。但我错了)”可知，作者曾经相信高分意味着高薪的工作机会。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Theevidenceisclear:Acrossindustries,researchshowsthattheassociationbetweengradesandjobperformanceismodestinthefirstyearaftercollegeandinsignificantwithinahandfulofyears.Forexample,atMicrosoft,onceemployeesaretwoorthreeyearsoutofcollege,theirgradeshavenothingtodowiththeirperformance.(Ofcourse,itmustbesaidthatifyougotD's,youprobablywouldn'tendupatMicrosoft.)”可知证据很明显：在各个行业中，研究表明，成绩和工作表现之间的联系在大学毕业后的第一年是适度的，在几年内也不显著。例如，在微软，一旦员工从大学毕业两三年，他们的成绩和他们的表现没有任何关系(当然，必须要说的是，如果你得了D，你可能就去不了微软了)。由此可推知，提到微软的员工是为了说明卓越的学历并不是职业表现的强有力预测。故选D。8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Butcareersuccessisrarelyaboutfindingtherightsolutiontoaproblem—it'smoreaboutfindingtherightproblemtosolve.(但是事业上的成功并不在于找到解决问题的正确方法，更多的是找到需要解决的正确问题)”可推知，要想成功，人们应该更多地专注要解决什么问题。故选B。（三）（2021湖南省岳阳市高二期末）Asstay-at-homeordersrelieveandcitiesreopenforbusiness,manydoctorsandhospitaladministratorsarecallingforaquickreturnofhealthcaretopre-pandemiclevels.Formonthsnow,routinecarehasbeenpostponed.Electiveprocedures—bigmoneymakers—werestoppedsothathospitalscouldtransferresourcestotreatingCovid-19patients.Routineclinicvisitswerecanceledorreplacedbyonlinesessions.Thishasresultedingreatfinanciallossesforhospitalsandclinics.Hospitalshavebeenforcedtoreduceemployeesorcutpay.Mostpatients,ontheotherhand,atleastthosewithstablechronic(慢性的)conditions,seemtohavedoneOK.Inarecentsurvey,onlyoneintenrespondentssaidtheirhealthorafamilymember’shealthhadworsenedasaresultofdelayedcare.Eighty-sixpercentsaidtheirhealthhadstayedaboutthesame.Admittedly,postponinghealthcarehadterriblehealthconsequencesforsomepatientswithnon-Covid-19illnesses.Still,amajorityofpatientsseemtohavedonebetterthanwhatmostdoctorsexpected.Itwillprobablytakeyearstounderstandwhy.However,perhapsAmericansdon’trequirethevolume(体积)ofcarethattheirdoctorsareusedtoproviding.ItiswellrecognizedthatasubstantialamountofhealthcareinAmericaiswasteful,accountingforhundredsofbillionsofdollarsofthetotalhealthcarebudget.Wastefulcareisdrivenbymanyforces:“defensive”medicinebydoctorstryingtoavoidlawsuits;thehighpricesthatAmericandoctorsandhospitalscharge;alackofconsensusaboutwhichtreatmentsareeffective;andthewidespreadbeliefthatnewer,moreexpensivetechnologyisalwaysbetter.Inasurveyafewyearsago,two-thirdsofdoctorsintheUnitedStatesadmittedthatbetween15percentand30percentofhealthcareisprobablyunnecessary.Studiessuggestthatupto20percentofsurgeriesinsomespecialtiesareunnecessary.Ifyoursurgerywaspostponedbecauseofthepandemic,itisworthhavingaconversationwithyourdoctoraboutwhetheritisstillneeded.Manyinstitutionsareusingthisdifficulttimeinournation’shistorytomakechanges.Thehealthcaresystemshoulddothesame.9．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．HospitalsandclinicsinAmericaaresufferingagreatloss.B．DoctorsandhospitalsinAmericaarecallingforthereturnofhealthcare.C．AlargeamountofhealthcareinAmericaisunnecessary.D．Mostpatients’healthinAmericahadbecomeworsebecauseofstay-at-homeorders.10．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.A．hospitalsandclinicsinAmericausedtomakealotofmoney.B．mostpatientsseemtohavebeeninstableconditionswithoutanytreatment.C．mostdoctorsareprovidingtoolittlehealthcareonpurpose,D．mostpeopledonotneedasurgeryifitispostponedbecauseofthepandemic.11．Whatis“defensive”medicineinparagraph4mean?A．Themedicinetodefendthedisease.B．Themedicinetoprotectthepatients.C．Themedicinetohelpthedoctorsavoidtroubles.D．Themedicinetohelpthedoctorstreatpatientsbetter.12．Theauthormentions“Manyinstitutionsareusingthisdifficulttimeinournation’shistorytomakechanges”inthelastparagraphtoindicatethat_________.A．itisdifficulttomakeachangein.history.B．manyinstitutionshavemadechangesinhistory.C．thehealthcaresystemmaygothroughahardtime.D．thehealthcaresystemneedstomakesomechanges.【答案】9．C10．A11．C12．D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了新冠疫情造成的后果，一方面给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失，另一方面，尽管推迟医疗保健对一些患有非Covid-19疾病的患者造成了可怕的健康后果，但是，大多数患者的表现似乎比大多数医生预期的要好。由此得出结论：也许美国人并不需要他们的医生一直提供大量医疗服务。9．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章第一段至第三段内容揭示了新冠疫情对于美国医疗结构和病人带来的影响：一方面给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失；另一方面，尽管推迟医疗保健，但是大多数患者的表现似乎比大多数医生预期的要好。从而在文章第三段末尾引出了本文的主要话题“However,perhapsAmericansdon’trequirethevolumeofcarethattheirdoctorsareusedtoproviding.(然而，也许美国人并不需要他们的医生一直提供大量医疗服务。)”，即文章主要讲述了“在美国，大量的医疗保健是不必要的”这一主要内容，并在后文用调查数据进行了详细解释。故选C项。10．推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“Formonthsnow,routinecarehasbeenpostponed.Electiveprocedures—bigmoneymakers—werestoppedsothathospitalscouldtransferresourcestotreatingCovid-19patients.Routineclinicvisitswerecanceledorreplacedbyonlinesessions.Thishasresultedingreatfinanciallossesforhospitalsandclinics.(几个月来，常规护理被推迟了。为了使医院能够将资源转移到治疗Covid-19患者，选择性手术——最赚钱的手术——被停止。常规门诊就诊被取消或被在线会诊取代。这给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失。)”可知，在新冠疫情下，医院和和诊所的常规工作流程被迫发生改变，以致医院和诊所遭受巨大的经济损伤，由此可推知，美国的医院和诊所曾经（新冠疫情之前）赚了很多钱。故选A项。11．词义猜测题。分析语境语法可知，短语“‘defensive’medicinebydoctorstryingtoavoidlawsuits”中，“‘defensive’medicine”是由医生开出的某种药物，这种药物是为了避免医生与患者之间产生医疗诉讼的药物，对医生来说是“保护性和防御性”的。由此可推知，“‘defensive’medicine”可以理解为“帮助医生避免麻烦的药”。故选C项。12．推理判断题。后文“Thehealthcaresystemshoulddothesame.(医疗保健系统也应该这样做。)”是承接句子“Manyinstitutionsareusingthisdifficulttimeinournation’shistorytomakechanges(许多机构正在利用国家历史上的这一困难时期进行变革)”的进一步解释，结合语境可知，“thesame”应是指代句子中的“makechanges(变革)”，由此可推知，作者提出该句应是为了表明医疗保健系统也需要像其他机构一样在这样的时期做出一些变革（以减少没有必要的医疗保健）。故选D项。（四）（2018湖北省黄冈市高二期末）Therewasatimewhenaneventwouldnotbeginwithoutaphotographer.“Irememberthedayswheneventorganiserswouldevendelayashowifthephotographerwasrunninglate,”saysBalachandraRaju,aphotographerofSathyamstudio,astillsurvivingphotostudioinIndia’ssoutherncityofChennai.Photostudiosarefacingextinctioninthedigitalage.Butastheystruggletocontinuedoingthebusiness,oneresearchprojectislookingatwaystopreservetheirlegacy(遗产)bydigitisingarchival(档案的)pictures.Theproject,fundedbytheBritishLibrary,visitedaround100photostudiosacrossthesouthIndianstateofTamilNaduanddigitised10,000prints.Manyofthephotosweretakenbetween1880-1980,andtheyrangedfrompicturesoffamiliesandfamousstarstoweddingsandfunerals.“Thedigitalarchivewillbeanasset(有用之物)forthoseinterestedinhistory,”saidZoeEHeadley,oneoftheresearchers.RameshKumar,anotherresearcherontheproject,calledita“goldmine”forphotographers.“Theresearchwe’vedonealsohighlightsproductiontechniquesusedbeforedigitalphotographyarrivedinourcitiesandtowns,”hesaid.However,theresearcherswouldoftenfindoldphotosstacked(难叠)ontopofoneanotherinthestorageroomofastudio.“Noonehadbotheredtocleanthem,”Kumarsaid,addingthatmanyphotoshadbeendamagedduetothehotandwetweatherinTamilNadu.TheownerofNallapillaistudioincentralTamilNadusaidhespendsabout20,000rupees(￡230;$310)eachmonthtorunthestudiothatwasfoundedbyhisgreatgrandfatheralmost150yearsago.Tosurviveinthisdigitalagehasbeenastruggle.“Manycustomersdon’tbookusforspecialeventsanymore,”hesaid,addingthattheyhaveallgotsmartphonestodothejob.“I’mnotsureifphotostudioswillexistfiveyearsfromnow,”hesaid.Butthisiswhy,accordingtoMrRaju,thisarchivalprojectissoimportant.“Whentheresearchersspenthoursinmystudio,Isawthemgetexcitedoveralloftheseoldphotos,anditwasliketheyhadgiventhesepicturesasecondchance,”Rajusaid.13．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph1?A．Photographerswerelazy.B．Photographywasvalued.C．Expertphotographerswerefew.D．Eventorganiserswerethemostimportant.14．Howmighttheprojectpreservephotostudioslegacy?A．Photostudioscanattractmanyvisitors.B．Photographerscanhaveagoodworkingplace.C．Photographersgettolearnaboutoldphotographytechniques.D．Photostudioshavethechancetotakepicturesoffamousstars.15．Whathastheresearchersfound?A．Somephotostudiosaredoingwell.B．Photostudiosarebookedforspecialevents.C．Somephotostudiossufferfrombadweather.D．Photostudiosgiveoldpictureslittleprotection.16．WhatisRaju’sattitudetowardstheproject?A．Hopeful. B．AnxiousC．Disapproving. D．Opposed.【答案】13．B14．C15．D16．A【解析】本文是议论文。论述了如今的数码时代，用智能手机拍照风行，旧时的照相馆是否还有存在的必要的论题。13．推理判断题。根据第一段中的Irememberthedayswheneventorganiserswouldevendelayashowifthephotographerwasrunninglate可知，如果摄影师迟到，活动组织者甚至会推迟演出。由此可知，曾经摄影师的地位很高，摄影备受尊崇。故选B项。14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的RameshKumar,anotherresearcherontheproject,calledita“goldmine”forphotographers.“Theresearchwe’vedonealsohighlightsproductiontechniquesusedbeforedigitalphotographyarrivedinourcitiesandtowns,”hesaid.可知，得益于该项目，如今的摄影师们有机会了解旧时的摄影技术，这对保护这些照相馆的遗产大有裨益。故选C项。15．细节理解题。根据第四段中的However,theresearcherswouldoftenfindoldphotosstacked(难叠)ontopofoneanotherinthestorageroomofastudio.“Noonehadbotheredtocleanthem,”Kumarsaid,addingthatmanyphotoshadbeendamagedduetothehotandwetweatherinTamilNadu.可知，在研究过程中，研究人员经常碰到的场景是：照相馆里的老照片被随意地堆放在一起，无人愿意清理它们，由于TamilNadu的天气又湿又热，很多照片甚至被损坏了。由此可推知，照相馆对于老照片的保护力度不够。故选D项。16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Butthisiswhy,accordingtoMrRaju,thisarchivalprojectissoimportant.“Whentheresearchersspenthoursinmystudio,Isawthemgetexcitedoveralloftheseoldphotos,anditwasliketheyhadgiventhesepicturesasecondchance,”Rajusaid.可知，Raju认为这个项目很重要，研究人员对这些照片都很兴奋。由此推知，Raju对这个项目充满了希望。故选A项。（五）（2020辽宁师范大学附属中学高二期末）Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments－mostlyforentertainmentpurposes－isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange(分布区).Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusuallyself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreeding(圈养繁殖)ofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.17．Inthestateofzoochosis,animals_________.A．remainincages B．behavestrangelyC．attackotheranimals D．enjoymovingaround18．Whatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassage?A．Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport.B．Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.C．Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.D．Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.19．Theauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlyby_________.A．pointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdoB．usingevidencehehascollectedatzoosC．questioningthewayanimalsareprotectedD．discussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitats20．Althoughhearguesagainstzoos,theauthorwouldstillagreethat__________.A．zooshavetokeepanimalsinsmallcagesB．mostanimalsinzoosareendangeredspeciesC．someendangeredanimalsarereproducedinzoosD．it’sacceptabletokeepanimalsawayfromtheirhabitats【答案】17．B18．A19．A20．C【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了作者对动物园的看法，作者认为动物园的动物并不快乐，而且呼吁我们去支持那些真正为保护野生动物栖息地的工作。17．细节理解题。根据第四段“Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.”可知，另一项研究显示，大象花22%的时间重复头部运动或咬笼子的栅栏，熊则花30%的时间来回走动，这是不快乐和痛苦的表现。由此可知，在动物精神病状态下，动物的行为很奇怪。故选B项。18．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.”可知，我们应该支持保护动物自然栖息地的团体，而不是支持动物园。由此可知，作者在文中试图论证动物园不值得公众支持。故选A项。19．推理判断题。根据第二段However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.可知，然而，大多数动物园仍然是有趣的“东西”的“集合”，而不是保护性的栖息地。动物园告诉人们，让动物感到无聊、孤独和远离自然家园是可以接受的。根据第三段Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.动物园声称教育人们和拯救濒危物种，但游客离开动物园时却没有了解到动物的自然行为、智力或美丽。根据第四段Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusuallyself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.

动物们被关在一起的空间很小，很少有运动的机会。这导致了一种异常的自我毁灭行为，称之为动物精神病。由此判断出，作者主要通过指出动物园的错误行为试图说服读者接受他的观点。故选A项。20．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.可知，动物园经常谈论他们的圈养繁殖计划，因为他们不希望人们担心一个物种会灭绝。由此判断出，尽管他反对动物园，但作者仍然同意一些濒危动物在动物园里繁殖。故选C项。（六）（2020·山东济南·高二期末）Teenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldalonehavebeenmakingheadlinesquiteoften.Ayoungpersonaloneinadangeroussituationattractsattentionandsponsors.Youngsailorsalsoattractvariousviews.Forexample,JessicaWatsonwasaskedbythegovernmenttocancelhervoyage,yetthePrimeMinistercalledher“aheroforyoungAustralians”whenshereturned.Itseemedthereisconfusionaboutthecompetenceandindependenceofyoungpeople.Thepopularpsychologiststellusthatteenagebrainsarelikelytomakewrongjudgments.Butsuchideasoftendonotapplytospecificindividuals.Betweentheagesof14and18,teenagersvarygreatlyintheirabilities.Theamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelated,responsibleadults.Someteensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcapableofchildishmistakes,buttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhard-headedandwell-qualifiedadultsupporters.Butit’salsowrongtothinkthatany16-year-oldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatson’s.Watsoncallsherself“anordinarygirlwhohadadream”.Herintentionistoencourageteenagersbutthisideacanhavetheoppositeeffectofmakingthemfeelnotgoodenoughbecausegreatachievementsarebeyondthem.Shouldallteenshavesuchdreams?Actually,individualsfacevaryingcircumstancesthatrestricttheirdreams.Teenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldaloneshouldnotbejudgedbypreconceived(事先形成的)viewsaboutyoungpeople.Norshouldyoung“ordinary”teenagersfeelpressuretolongforextraordinarypersonalgoals.Infact,Ibelievetheexampleofsolosailingoverstressesindividualism.Theteenageyearsarewhenmostofus“ordinary”peoplelearnthatwecanachievegreatthingsincooperationwithothers.21．WhatcanwelearnaboutJessicaWatson?A．Shewascriticizedbythegovernment.B．Sheeventuallycanceledhervoyage.C．Shehastraveledaroundtheworld.D．Shemadeasuccessfulvoyage.22．Whatcanbeinferredaboutteenagersfromthetext?A．Theyhavesimilarabilities.B．Theymakedecisionsontheirown.C．Theyalwaysmakewrongjudgments.D．Theyneedsupportsofresponsibleadults.23．Whodoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto?A．Parents. B．Teenagers.C．Psychologists. D．Adults.24．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．DividedOpinionsonYoungAdventurersB．ProblemsFacedbyAdventurousTeensC．VariousWaystoBecomeIndependentD．PressuretoAchievePersonalGoals【答案】21．D22．D23．B24．A【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻，一个年轻人JessicaWatson成为了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄，为此各方有着不同的看法。21．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Forexample,JessicaWatsonwasaskedbythegovernmenttocancelhervoyage,yetthePrimeMinistercalledher“aheroforyoungAustralians”whenshereturned.”可知，政府要求JessicaWatson取消航行，但在她返回时总理称她为澳大利亚年轻人的英雄。由此可知，JessicaWatson进行了一次成功的航行。故选D。22．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Theamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelated,responsibleadults.Someteensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcapableofchildishmistakes,buttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhard-headedandwell-qualifiedadultsupporters.”可知，允许每个人独立的程度不仅应由他们的年龄决定，还需要与相关的负责任的成年人讨论。有些青少年肯定是没有经验的，并且容易犯幼稚的错误，但是那些尝试危险旅行的青少年那样做通常是得到了精明冷静的和有学识的成人支持者的信任。由此可知，青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持。故选D。23．指代猜测题。根据第三段的“Butit’salsowrongtothinkthatany16-year-oldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatson’s.Watsoncallsherself“anordinarygirlwhohadadream”.Herintentionistoencourageteenagersbutthisideacanhavetheoppositeeffectofmakingthemfeelnotgoodenoughbecausegreatachievementsarebeyondthem.Shouldallteenshavesuchdreams?Actually,individualsfacevaryingcircumstancesthatrestricttheirdreams.”可知，认为任何16岁的年轻人都渴望获得JessicaWatson一样出色的成就也是错误的。Watson称自己为一个有梦想的普通女孩。她这样做的目的是为了鼓励青少年，但是这个想法可能产生相反的效果，使他们感到自己不够好，因为在他们看来伟大的成就是他们不可触及的。所有的青少年都应该有这样的梦想吗？实际上，每个人面临着各种不同的情况，这限制了他们的梦想。由此可知，划线词they指代的是前文提到的青少年。故选B。24．标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻，一个处境危险的年轻人JessicaWatson成为了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄，为此各方有着不同的看法。下文具体地分析了人们的不同看法。根据第二题的分析可知，第二段提到“青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持”。第三段提到“认为任何16岁的年轻人都渴望获得JessicaWatson一样出色的成就也是错误的”。最后一段中提到作者的看法“不应仅凭对年轻人的先入为主的看法来判断在世界各地旅行的青少年。青少年也不应感到压力去渴望达到非凡的个人目标。实际上，我相信单人航行的例子过分强调个人主义。十几岁的时候，我们大多数普通人都知道我们可以与他人合作来成就伟大的事情”。因此A项（对年轻冒险者的不同看法。）可以作为文章的标题。故选A。（七）（2019·山东济宁·高二期末）HighschoolbiologyteacherKellyChavisknewsmartphoneswereaprobleminherclass.Butnoteventhestuden