(新高考)高考英语一轮复习考点练习19-阅读之议论文解析版

考点19阅读之议论文（解析版）【命题趋势】 议论文在近几年考试中出现的不多，但是也有。所以考生在平时的训练中也需复习。以下是近年真题和模拟试题训练，考生可以集中复习。1.【2021年全国甲卷】Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性别)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They'reunfair. B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective. D.They'restrict.13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlike B.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligence D.GeniusandLuck【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Itissaidthathistoryiswrittenbyvictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.(在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Whoisagenius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance,andsimplegeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。2.【2020年1月浙江卷】Today’sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool.“Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers,”Padilla-Walkersaid.“Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence—whichcanbetaught—arekeytoachild’slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean“authoritative”parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressed;childrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主权).Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.27.WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors’study?A.Itcenteredonfathers’roleinparenting.B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.D.Itaimedtoimprovekids’achievementinschool.28.Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignoretheirdemands. B.Makedecisionsforthem.C.Controltheirbehaviors. D.Explaintherulestothem.29.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Singleparents. B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.C.Authoritarianfathers. D.Mothersintwo-parenthomes.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathersB.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFutureC.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFatherD.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance答案与解析27.A推理判断题根据第一段最后一句ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.可知，该大学研究的是父亲在家庭中对孩子毅力品格的养成起着重要作用。故选A项。28.D推理判断题根据第四段可知，“权威式的”父亲并不专断，而是要让孩子感受到温暖和责任，要强调规则背后的缘由，要给予孩子适当的自主权。故推断出，一个“权威式的”父亲会做的事情是给孩子解释规则。29.A事实细节题根据最后一段最后一句…theresearcherssuggestthatsingleparents…,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.可知，未来研究的方向是单亲父母。30.C主旨大意题文章主要论述了父亲的行为会影响孩子毅力的养成。故C项ChildrenTendtolearnDeterminationfromFather是文章的最佳标题。1.【辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2021届高三一模】ThearticleWhatChinaGetsRightaboutRelationshipsbySamMassieremindsmeoftheQuoraquestionabouttheopiniononChinesepeople.Obviously,answersfromdifferentpeoplewon’tbethesame.Tome,thosedifferentpeoplefallintotwogroups:thosewithavaguepictureofChina,andthoseunderstandingChinesecultureverywell.It’squiteeasyforthefirstcategorytoreachsomeconclusionswithprejudice:“Whenwaschild,wastaughttobewatchfularoundChinesepeople-theywerethetypethatsmiledwhenoffendedbecausethey’llstabyouinthebackinrevenge(报复).Theyvaluedmoneyoverhumanlife,andthatwasmotive(动机)foralltheiractivities.”-QuoraUser.Thatprovidesus,ifIcansayso,aracist’sstereotypeofChinesepeople.ItissadtoknowmanypeopledohaveanunclearideaaboutChina-alonghistory,alargepopulation,theGreatWall,PandaExpress,festivals,tea,kongfumovies,cheapandbadclothes,themanufacturingpower,averylargeinternalmarket,andhardworking(yes,especiallyhighschoolstudents).Allthesearerathertoosimpleandgeneral.Bycontrast,tothosewecallaChina-hand,itisquiteobviousthattheword“Chinese”bearsmuchmore.Intoday’severglobalizedworld,moreandmoreforeignfriendsareincreasinglyattractedtoChineseculture.TheylearnChinese,makeChinesefriends,watchChinesemovies,andpayvisitsorevenmovetoChina.Understandingthedifferencesbetweentheeastandthewest,theycouldseethroughtheappearance.Inmanycases,thefirstimpressionofsomeWesternersaboutChinaisnomorethanrudenessbutitisactuallynotthatsimple.Whatshouldbepaidattentiontoarethein-group/out-groupeffects.SamMassieiswiseinsayingthat“rudenesstostrangersistheflipside(相反面)ofdeepbondswithlovedones.Iamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerosity,sincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeople.Tome,nomatterwhattheWesterners’opinionsare,whatreallymattersishowwebehaveandthewaywetreatothers.What’syouropinion?12．Accordingtothewriter,thefirstgroup________.A．judgeChinesepeopleone-sidedlyB．seewellintoChinesecultureC．turnouttobeill-educatedatschoolD．drawreasonableconclusionsaboutChina13．AChina-handwillmostprobablyagreethat________.A．ChinesepeoplecandoanythingtofightbackagainstthosewhooffendthemB．ChinaisveryattractiveinculturewithitsgenerousandsincerepeopleC．ChinahasalonghistoryandthemosthardworkingstudentsintheworldD．Chinaisprofit-drivenandasaresult,peoplearecoldtostrangers14．Theunderlinedwordstereotypeinthefourthparagraphprobablymeans________.A．changingandreasonableidea B．afixedandoftenrightideaC．afixedandoftenfalseidea D．achangingandunfairidea15．Thewriter’sattitudetoSamMassie’sbookis________.A．approving B．objective C．critical D．indifferent【答案】12．A13．B14．C15．A【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了萨姆·马西书中关于一些西方人对中国人存在刻板印象，作者赞成萨姆·马西的观点，认为中国人是慷慨的、真诚的。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’squiteeasyforthefirstcategorytoreachsomeconclusionswithprejudice(第一类人很容易得出带有偏见的结论)”可知，第一类人看待中国人有偏见，因此，根据本文，第一类人是A项“judgeChinesepeopleone-sidedly(片面地评价中国人)”符合题意。故选A项。13．推理判断题。根据第一中的“andthoseunderstandingChinesecultureverywell(另一类是非常了解中国文化的人)”以及最后一段“Iamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerosity,sincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeople(我很高兴他了解中国人的慷慨、真诚和其他优良品质)”可知，萨姆·马西非常了解中古文化，并且喜欢中国人的慷慨和真诚。因此，一个“中国通”最可能赞成的是B.项“Chinaisveryattractiveinculturewithitsgenerousandsincerepeople(中国文化很有吸引力，中国人也很慷慨和真诚)”符合题意。故选B项。14．词义猜测题。根据第四段“ItissadtoknowmanypeopledohaveanunclearideaaboutChina-alonghistory,alargepopulation,theGreatWall,PandaExpress,festivals,tea,kongfumovies,cheapandbadclothes,themanufacturingpower,averylargeinternalmarket,andhardworking(遗憾的是，许多人对中国有着不清楚的认识——历史悠久，人口众多，长城，熊猫快餐，节日，茶，功夫片，廉价和劣质的衣服，制造业的力量，非常大的内部市场，以及勤奋)”可知，很多人对中国的认识是不清楚的，凭想当然的一种刻板印象。因此，划线词所在句子的意思为“如果我可以这么说的话，这给我们提供了一个种族主义者对中国人的刻板印象”，划线词stereotype的意思为C项“afixedandoftenfalseidea(一种固定的、通常是错误的看法)”符合题意。故选C项。15．推理判断题。根据第三段“Thatprovidesus,ifIcansayso,aracist’sstereotypeofChinesepeople(如果我可以这么说的话，这给我们提供了一个种族主义者对中国人的刻板印象)”以及最后一段“Inmanycases,thefirstimpressionofsomeWesternersaboutChinaisnomorethanrudenessbutitisactuallynotthatsimple…Iamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerosity,sincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeople.Tome,nomatterwhattheWesterners’opinionsare,whatreallymattersishowwebehaveandthewaywetreatothers.(在许多情况下，一些西方人对中国的第一印象不过是粗鲁无礼，但实际上并不是那么简单……我很高兴他了解中国人的慷慨、真诚和其他优良品质。对我来说，不管西方人的意见是什么，真正重要的是我们的行为举止和对待他人的方式。)”可知，作者认为，很多人对中国人的了解是片面的，他们对中国人存在刻板印象，是实际上并不能这么简单的看，作者和萨姆·马西的都认为中国人是慷慨、真诚的。因此，作者对萨姆·马西的书的态度是A项“approving(赞成)”符合题意。故选A项。2.【2020届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高中部高三第八次模拟】Thechiefproblemindealingwithforeignmotoristsisnotsomuchrememberingthattheyaredifferentfromyou,butthattheyarelargelyvariable.Crossafrontier(边境)withoutadjustingandyoucanbeindeeptrouble.OneofthegreatestgulfsseparatingthedrivingnationsistheAtlanticOcean.Orrather,itisthementaldistancebetweentheEuropeanandtheAmericanmotorist,particularlytheSouthAmericanmotorist.Compare,forexample,anEnglishdriveratasetoftrafficlightswithaBrazilian.VeryrarelywillanEnglishmantrytoanticipate(预先准备)thegreenlightbymovingoff.Youwillfindtheoccasionalsomeonewhowatchesfortheyellowlighttocomeuponthesetoflights.However,hewillnotgountilhereceivesthelawfulsignal.Braziliansviewthethingquitedifferently.If,infact,theyseetrafficlights,theyregardthemasakindofroadsidedecoration.ThenativesofNorthAmericaaremuchmoredisciplined.Theyshowthisintheiraddictiontodrivinginonelane(车道)andstickingtoit—evenifitmeanssettlingbehindsomegreattruckformanymiles.Topreventotherdriversfromfallingintowrongways,Americanmotoriststryalwaystostayclosebehindthevehicleinfrontwhichcanmakeitimpossibletomakeareallanechange.Europeanvisitorsarealwaysfallingintothistrap.TheyreturntotheOldWorldstillwavingtheirarmsindisappointmentbecausewhiledrivingintheStateintheircarstheykeptfailingtogetoffthehighwaywhentheywantedtoandweresweptalongtothenextcity.However,onenationaboveallotherslivescautiouslybyitstrafficregulations—theSwiss.InSwitzerland,ifyouweresimplytoanticipateatrafficlight,thechancesarethatthemotoristbehindyouwouldtakeyournumberandreportyoutothepolice.ThereareslightregionalvariationsamongtheFrench,GermanandItalianspeakingareas,butitisgenerallysafetoassumethatanycarbearingaCHstickerwillbedrivenwithahighdegreeofdiscipline.12．HowdoAmericandriversbehaveontheroadaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyruntheredlightsometimes.B．Theydriveclosebehindotherdrivers.C．Theycarelittleaboutthetrafficlight.D．Theystarttheircarattheyellowlight.13．Whichpeopletakethetrafficlightmostseriously?A．TheSwiss. B．TheBrazilians.C．TheEnglish. D．TheFrench.14．Thepassageismainlydevelopedby____.A．analyzingcauses B．describingchangesC．makingcomparisons D．pointingoutsimilarities15．Whichpartofanewspaperisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Culture. B．Business.C．Entertainment. D．Geography.【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．A【解析】这是一篇议论文，本文论述了各个国家的司机对交通规则的重视程度。12．细节理解题。根据第五段“Americanmotoriststryalwaystostayclosebehindthevehicleinfrontwhichcanmakeitimpossibletomakeareallanechange.”美国的驾车者总是尽量跟在前面的车后面，这样就不可能进行真正的变道。可知，美国的司机开车总是紧随着前一辆车的后面。故选B项。13．细节理解题。根据最后一段“onenationaboveallotherslivescautiouslybyitstrafficregulations—theSwiss.InSwitzerland,ifyouweresimplytoanticipateatrafficlight,thechancesarethatthemotoristbehindyouwouldtakeyournumberandreportyoutothepolice.”有一个国家在遵守交通规则方面格外谨慎，那就是瑞士。在瑞士，如果你只是提前看到红绿灯，你后面的司机很可能会记下你的号码，然后向警察报案。可知，瑞士人最重视交通信号灯。故选A项。14．细节理解题。根据“Compare,forexample,anEnglishdriveratasetoftrafficlightswithaBrazilian.”例如，比较一下在一组交通灯前的英国司机和巴西司机。第四段“ThenativesofNorthAmericaaremuchmoredisciplined.”北美的土著人更有纪律性。以及第五段“However,onenationaboveallotherslivescautiouslybyitstrafficregulations—theSwiss.”然而，有一个国家在遵守交通规则方面格外谨慎，那就是瑞士。可知，本文是通过对比各个国家的司机对交通规则的重视程度进行论述的。故选C项。15．推理判断题。A.Culture文化；B.Business商业；C.Entertainment娱乐；D.Geography地理。根据全文主题句Thechiefproblemindealingwithforeignmotoristsisnotsomuchrememberingthattheyaredifferentfromyou,butthattheyarelargelyvariable.Crossafrontier(边境)withoutadjustingandyoucanbeindeeptrouble.（与外国司机打交道的主要问题不是记住他们与你不同，而是记住他们在很大程度上是可变的。不调整就跨越边界，你可能会陷入大麻烦。）以及全文内容可知，本文介绍的是文化的差异导致各个国家的交通习惯不同，所以这篇文章最可能出现在文化这一板块。故选A项3.【湖北省武汉市部分学校2020届高三上学期起点质量监测】TheNotreDamefirehasbeenputout,butitsspireandalargeportionofitswoodenroofhavebeendamaged.Theterribledestructioncausesasuddensharppaintopeoplearoundtheworld.OnChinesesocialmedianetworkWechatacommoncommentonthedisasteris:"Whatapitythatwecannotseethedamagedpartsofthewonderanymore."Butthegoodnewsisthatthereisatleastonewayofseeingthem,namelyviaavideogamecalledAssassin'sCreed:Unity.Inthisgame,theplayercantraveltoonecityafteranotherandenterthebuildingsexactlylikewhattheyareinreality,andseeNotreDameasitwasbeforethefire.Further,withvirtualrealitytechnology,whichisalreadyquitemature,onecanevenlookaroundtheundamagedNotreDameasifitisstillthere.Maybedigitaltechnologycouldhelptobetterprotectarchitecturalculturalheritage.Theideaofdigitizingancientbuildings,makingdigitalmodelsofthemsotheirdatacanbesaved，datesbacktothe1990sandthenecessarytechnologyhascontinuedtoadvancesincethen.Byscanningtheancientbuildingswithlasers，building3Dmodelswithmultipleimages，aswellasmeasuringeverythingprecisely，engineerscanmakeacopyasaccurateastherealone.Ascomputersandsmartphonesarehugelypopular，thedigitalreplica（复制品）hasgreatusevalue.First，itallowstouriststofeeltheculturalrelicswithouttouchingthem，whichhelpsprotectthem.ThevirtualtourofDunhuangGrottoesinGansuProvinceisagoodexampleofthisastouristscanviewthepaintingswithoutstandingnearthem.Furthermore，itcanmakethedigitizedculturalrelicsmorefamousbyspreadingawarenessaboutthemviatheInternet.In2000，avirtualtouroftheGreatWallbecameverypopularattheHannoverWorldExpo，whichincreasedthenumberofforeigntouristsvisitingthesiteinthefollowingyears.Aboveall，itpreservesalltheinformationoftheculturalrelics.Eveniftheoriginalonesaredamagedoneday，peoplecanstillknowwhattheywerelikeandcanbuildareplicaifdesired.Ofcourse，howeverpreciseamodelis，itisnottheoriginal.Timeisthebiggestthreattoacountry'sarchitecturalheritage，whichwillalwaysbecomeruinswiththepassingoftime.Maybewewillhavebettertechnologiesinthefuture，butthedigitaltechnologyoffersapracticalwaytopreservearchitecturalculturalheritageatthemoment.11.WhatcanweseeaboutNotreDameinthegame？（）A.Thedamagedparts.B.Itswoodenshape.C.Itsoriginallook.D.Thebigfire.12.Whatwillengineersdotocreateadigitalreplicaoftheancientbuildings？（）A.Improvethetechnologyneeded.B.ScanthephotosofthebuildingsC.Build3Dmodelsoffullsize.D.Measureallthepartsexactly.13.Whatvaluedoesadigitalreplicahave？（）A.Itkeepstherelicssafe.B.Ithelpstoguardtherelics.C.Itgathersdataoftherelics.D.Itadvertisesthehistoryoftherelics.14.Howdoestheauthorprovethedigitalcopyhasvitalpracticalimportance？（）A.Bycomparison.B.Bygivingexamples.C.ByclassificationD.Bylistingdata.15.Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardstheapplicationofdigitaltechnology？（）A.Doubtful.B.Delighted.C.Supportive.D.Conservative.【答案】11.C12.D13.A14.B15.C【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是现代技术的发展衍生了保护建筑文化遗迹的一种的新的手段——数字副本，并讨论了这种技术的优点，及作者对其的态度。11.细节理解题。根据第二段的Inthisgame,theplayercantraveltoonecityafteranotherandenterthebuildingsexactlylikewhattheyareinreality,andseeNotreDameasitwasbeforethefire.

在这个游戏中，玩家可以从一个城市到另一个城市，进入与现实中的建筑一模一样的建筑中，看到火灾前的圣母院。由此可知，在游戏中我们可以看到巴黎圣母院原来的样子，故选C。12.细节理解题。根据第三段的Byscanningtheancientbuildingswithlasers，building3Dmodelswithmultipleimages，aswellasmeasuringeverythingprecisely，engineerscanmakeacopyasaccurateastherealone.

通过扫描激光的古代建筑,与多个图像建立三维模型,以及测量精确,工程师可以复制一样准确真实。由此可知，工程师会准确测量所有古代建筑的零部件来创造该古代建筑的数字副本，故选D。13.细节理解题。根据第三段的itallowstouriststofeeltheculturalrelicswithouttouchingthem，whichhelpsprotectthem.

它让游客感受到文物不碰它们，这有助于保护他们。由此可知，一个数字副本的价值是它能够确保文物的安全，故选A。14.推理判断题。根据第三段的ThevirtualtourofDunhuangGrottoesinGansuProvinceisagoodexampleofthisastouristscanviewthepaintingswithoutstandingnearthem….In2000，avirtualtouroftheGreatWallbecameverypopularattheHannoverWorldExpo，…由此可知，在论证数字副本的作用的每一个分论点之后，举出了敦煌莫高窟和长城两个例子，故可知作者通过举例子证明数字副本的重要意义，故选B。15.推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为时间是一个国家的建筑遗产的最大威胁，随着时间的流逝可能会成为废墟，但数字技术可能会提供了一个可行的方法来保护文化遗产。由此可推知，作者对数字技术的应用程序持有保守的态度。A.

Doubtful.疑惑的；B.

Delighted.高兴的；C.

Supportive.支持的；D.

Conservative.保守的。故选C。4.【四川省宜宾市2018-2020学年高三上学期第一次诊断】stuckbehindofslowaoneofofitsownlane(通道)inatoslowandinEssexa“fastTheteamwhotheygoandtoinbehindattimeyear.”athat80ofalsofoundspeedslowedby21shoppingasshoppingGaryanfromofbytheoftheallandshoppingtendtobeofbiggestof“ItheareaIbeaonsoendupbeingthansurveyalsothe31whotry51ofwhoslow11whoandwhotoslowlane.becauseofB.buyontodoshoppingtoD.aD.ideathisbeannoyingtoavoidshopping.【答案】28.B29.D30.A31.D【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要写了，针对圣诞节期间的顾客，购物中心创造快速车道避免"慢行者"，并针对这一现象进行了讨论。28.细节理解题。根据第一段Butnow,LakesideShoppingCentreinEssex,oneoftheUK’s

largestshoppingmalls,hasintroduceditsveryownfastlane(通道)forshoppersinahurry,aimingtohelpimpatientshoppersavoidslowwalkersandtheangerthatgoeswiththem.（但现在，英国最大的购物中心之一埃塞克斯的湖畔购物中心(LakesideShoppingCentre)为匆忙的购物者推出了自己的“快车道”，旨在帮助没有耐心的购物者避免走得慢以及随之而来的愤怒。）可知“快车道”是专为那些在购物单上快速购物的人设计的。故选B。29.推理判断题。根据文中GaryMortimer说的话："Ithinkthefastlanesareanovelapproach.However,Isuspectitwillbeabitlikefastlanesonthehighway,soitmightendupbeingmoretroublethanitsworth.""我认为快车道是一种新颖的方法。但是，我怀疑它会有点像高速公路上的快车道，所以它可能比它的价值更麻烦。"可见他对于fastlane的评价是客观的，既说出它的优点也指出了它可能存在的问题，所以答案选D。30.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Theyinclude"Skaters"-the31percentofshopperswhotryandmaketheirwaythroughcrowdspolitely,可见Skaters是礼貌地试着穿过人群。所以答案选A。31.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句oneoftheUK'slargestshoppingmalls,hasintroduceditsveryownfastlaneforshoppersinahurry,aimingtohelpimpatientshoppersavoidslowwalkers-andtheragethatgoeswiththem.是本文的主旨句，购物中心创造快速车道避免"慢行者"，所以答案选D。5.【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校2020届高三上学期第一次验收】 Wetalkcontinuouslyabouthowtomakechildrentougherandstronger,butwhateverwe’redoing,it’snotworking.Ratesofanxietydisordersanddepressionare

rising

rapidlyamongteenagers.Whatarewedoingwrong?NassimTalebinventedtheword“antifragile”andusedit

todescribeasmallbutveryimportantclassofsystemsthatgainfromshocks,challenges,anddisorder.Theimmune(免疫的)systemisoneofthem:it

requires

exposuretocertainkindsofbacteriaandpotentialallergens(过敏原)inchildhoodinordertodeveloptoitsfullability.

Children’ssocialandemotionalabilitiesareasantifragileastheirimmunesystems.Ifweoverprotectkidsandkeepthem“safe”fromunpleasantsocialsituationsandnegativeemotions,wedeprive(剥夺)themofthechallengesandopportunitiesforskill-buildingtheyneedtogrowstrong.Suchchildrenarelikelytosuffermorewhenexposedlatertootherunpleasantbutordinarylifeevents,suchasteasingandsocialrejection.It’snotthekids’fault.IntheUK,asintheUS,parentsbecamemuchmorefearfulinthe1980sand1990sascableTVandlatertheInternetexposedeveryone,moreandmore,tothoserareoccurrencesofcrimesandaccidentsthatnowoccurlessandless.

Outdoorplay

and

independentmobility

wentdown;screentimeandadult-monitoredactivitieswentup.

Yetfreeplayinwhichkidsworkouttheirownrulesofengagement,takesmallrisks,andlearntomastersmalldangers

turnsouttobevital

forthedevelopmentofadultsocialandevenphysicalcompetence.Deprivingthemoffreeplaypreventstheirsocial-emotionalgrowth.NorwegianplayresearchersEllenSandseterandLeifKennairwarned:“Wemayobserveanincreasedanxietyormentaldisordersinsocietyifchildrenareforbiddenfromparticipatinginage-adequateriskyplay.”

Theywrotethosewordsin2011.Overthefollowingfewyears,theirpredictioncametrue.Kidsbornafter1994aresufferingfrommuchhigherratesofanxietydisordersanddepressionthandidthepreviousgeneration.Besides,thereisalsoariseintherateatwhichteenagegirlsareadmittedtohospitalfordeliberatelyharmingthemselves.

Whatcanwedotochangethesetrends?Howcanweraisekidsstrongenoughtohandletheordinaryandextraordinarychallengesoflife?Wecan’tguaranteethatgivingprimaryschoolchildrenmoreindependencetodaywillbringdowntherateofteenagesuicidetomorrow.Thelinksbetweenchildhoodoverprotectionandteenagementalillnessaresuggestivebutnotclear-cut.Yettherearegoodreasonstosuspectthatbydeprivingournaturallyantifragilekidsofthewiderangeofexperiencestheyneedtobecomestrong,wearesystematicallypreventingtheirgrowth.Weshouldletgo—andletthemgrow.32.WhydoestheauthormentiontheimmunesysteminParagraph2?

A.Tostressitsimportance.

B.Tohelpunderstandanewword.C.Toquestionthelatestdiscovery. D.Toanalyzethecauseofanxiety.

33.Parentsoverprotectchildrenbecause______.

A.childrenarenotindependentenoughB.theywanttokeepchildrenfrombeingteased

C.parent-monitoredactivitiesareamustD.theyareconcernedabouttheirchildren’ssafety34.Accordingtotheauthor,freeplaycan______.

A.reducechildren’sriskybehavior B.strengthenchildren’sfriendshipC.promotechildren’stoughness

D.developchildren’sleadershipskills35.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Stoptryingtoperfectyourchild.

B.Ittakesgreatcouragetoraisechildren.C.Whilewetrytoteachourchildrenallaboutlife,ourchildrenteachuswhatlifeisallabout.D.Preparethechildfortheroad,nottheroadforthechild.【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.D【解析】这是一篇议论文。青少年中焦虑症和抑郁症的发病率正在迅速上升。我们做错了什么？对此短文从不同的角度分析了它产生的原因，这种趋势发展下去所导致的后果，并提出了自己的观点---

让孩子准备好上路，而不是准备好道路给孩子走。32.推理判断题。由第二段，第三段“

Theimmune(免疫的)systemisoneofthem:itrequiresexposuretocertainkindsofbacteriaandpotentialallergens(过敏原)inchildhoodinordertodeveloptoitsfullability.Children’ssocialandemotionalabilitiesareasantifragileastheirimmunesystems”可知，免疫系统就是其中之一：它需要在儿童时期接触某些种类的细菌和潜在的过敏原，才能使孩子具有完全的免疫力。孩子们的社交和情感能力和他们的免疫系统一样具有“抗弱性”。所以通过免疫系统功能的介绍和孩子们的社交和情感能力与免疫系统的比较。可以判断出，作者在第2段提到免疫系统是为了帮助理解一个新词。故选B项。33.细节理解题。由第四段“IntheUK,asintheUS,parentsbecamemuchmorefearfulinthe1980sand1990sascableTVandlatertheInternetexposedeveryone,moreandmore,tothoserareoccurrencesofcrimesandaccidentsthatnowoccurlessandless”可知，在英国，在美国也一样，在20世纪80年代和90年代，随着