高考英语二轮复习阅读推断题讲义以及练习题（含答案）

高考复习干货之阅读推断题阅读专题：推断题解题思路：大部分推断题只要找到文章与各个段落中心句，根据中心意思去推断就可以，正确答案和主旨有着高度相似性。细节推断最难，需要逐个带着选项回去到文中找。推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。推理判断题一般概括为1）细节推断2）词义推断3）观点态度推断其他推断题题干标志词：infer，suggest，indicate,conclude,imply,learnfrom,weknowthat,thewriterbelieves...方法特征：总体来说，推断题要立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念或过于片面；切记掺杂自己主观想法、经验；不可选择对阅读材料的简单重复的选项。细节推断题（1）中心相关（2）细节主旨推断题（1）中心相关（给段落分层）（2）主旨相关从推断题类别将解题技巧总结如下：推断观点态度：一般问题形式为：Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is...Thewriterthoughtthat...技巧：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词、虚拟语气、情态动词、过渡词及所举例子，推断作者的弦外之音，如：作者在形容词前用了too,excessively,rather等，则常带否定意味。（2）推断词义：阅读中碰到生词时，首先应根据句子的意思判断出此单词的词性及其感情色彩和其在句子中所充当的成分；然后根据我们平常所学的构词法知识，联系上下文和平时积累的常识，来推测这个单词的意义。并且猜测单词时，没有必要猜测出其准确的意义，只要能猜出其大概意义即可。①根据构词法猜测词义：我们所学过的构词法主要有3种：派生法、转化法和合成法。Mostseaweedisredandbrownincolor.(seaweed由sea与weed合成，意为“海草”)Invariablythebackgroundwasthesame.(invariably由in+vary+able+ly构成，意为“不可改变地”)You’llbepunishedifyoudesertrubbisheverywhere.(desert由名词desert转化而成，意为“丢弃”)②根据上下文的语境猜测词义：我们可利用定义、解释、重述、用途、同义词、反义词、同义结构、反义结构及逻辑关系来猜测单词。Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds.(由devour与后面动词kill的并列结构得知devour意为“毁坏”)Woodandskinshaveeasilyrottedaway,butstonedoesn’tdecay.(根据but的反义结构可知decay意为“腐烂”)③根据常识猜测词义：我们可根据所学的知识及生活经验来猜测单词Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsport.(由句子的意义可看出alpinist意为“把登山作为体育运动的人”)（3）推断写作意图目的：方法1.从主旨来推2.从问题类别来推一般如：记叙文特别是有趣经历或幽默故事的目的是娱乐读者：makepeoplelaughortotellaninterestingexperience；夹叙夹议目的让读者得到某种启示或教育;广告和议论文目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；科普类说明文或新闻报告目的是告知读者某些信息。细节推断题（2016年天津，B）Everymanwantshissontobesomewhatofaclone,notinfeaturesbutinfootsteps.Ashegrowsyoualsoage,andyourambitionsbecomemoreunachievable.Youbegintorealizethatyourboy,inyourfootsteps,couldprobablyaccomplishwhatyouhopedfor.Butfootstepscanbemuddiedandtheycangooffindifferentdirections.MysonJodyhashatedschoolsincedayoneinkindergarten.Scienceprojectswaiteduntilthelastmoment.Bookreportsweren’twrittenuntilthefinalthreat.I’vebeenanewspapermanallmyadultlife.Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardhermaster’sdegreeinEnglish.ButJody?Whenheenteredthetenthgradehebecamea“vo-tech”student(技校学生).They’recalled“motorheads”bytherestofthestudentbody.42.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’schildren?（文章内容推断）A.Hisdaughterdoesbetterinschool.B.Hisdaughterhasgotamaster’sdegree.C.Hissontriedhardtofinishhomework.D.Hissoncouldn’twritehisbookreports. 答案：A根据答案回去找细节，注意选项与文中时态语态的细微差别。天津2018年6月C篇Sustainability(可持续性)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料).3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock"food"thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements2．Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3？A.Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.D.Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.这道题我们可以看出这段的主旨是可持续性，因此，第三段的正确答案很有可能与可持续性有关。开头第一句话明显不像主旨句，第二句和段落标题一致，因此，它整个段落的中心句。只有D在说可持续性。2016全国卷三Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored(监控)indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople’se-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.

＂The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia,＂

saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.

＂Theywantyoureyeballsanddon’tcarehowyou’refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon’twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.＂2.Whatcan

we

infer

about

peoplelikeDebbie

Downer?A.

They’re

socially

inactive．B.

They’re

good

at

telling

stories．C.

They’re

inconsiderate

of

others．D.

They’re

careful

with

their

words．答案：C.审题干，我们可以看出只有Butwhen……这句话对答题有用。这时仔细看这一句话就能发现“Youcare”是解题关键。因此要选择与之相反的，才符合题干的要求，所以选C.Chimps（黑猩猩）

willcooperateincertainways，likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory．Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings，theyhavelittleinstinct

（本能）

tohelponeanother．Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves．Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren．whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood．

Inthelaboratory，chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither．Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor，withnogreateffort，aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage，hewillpullatrandomhejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot．Chimpsaretrulyselfish．

Humanchildren，ontheotherhandareextremelycooperative．Fromtheearliestages，theydecidetohelpothers，toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals．ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren．Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor，almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp．

33．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps？___

A．Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers'interests．

B．Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren．

C．Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors'food．

D．Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother．

34．MichaelTomasello'stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey___．

A．havetheinstincttohelpothers

B．knowhowtoofferhelptoadults

C．knowtheworldbetterthanchimps

D．trustadultswiththeirhandsfull答案：AA这两道细节题推断题依然能根据段落中心意思推断出来。

2019年天津3月高考C篇Perhapswhat’smostimportanthereisthatthesemeasurescanbechanged.Docterscantakethisinformationandhelppatientsmakechangestolifestyles,andhopefullytakestepstoimprovetheirbiologicalconditions.“Ithinkthemostexcitingthingaboutthisreserchisthatthesethingsaren’tsetinstone,”Levinesaid.“Peoplecanbegiventheinformationearlierandtakestepstoimprovetheirhealthbeforeit’stoolate”AccordingtoProf.Levine,whatisthemostexcitingthingaboutherreserch?Themeasuresarenotfixed.Healthservicescanbesetup.Theproblemsarenotthatserious.Thereserchresultsarewritteninstone.答案：A这道推断题依然能根据段落中心意思推断出来。段落推断题2014天津B“It’sreallyfun”,saidtheownerofabookstore,whowaspresentforoneofthetestruns.“Obviouslyyoucan’tshakehandswiththeauthor，buttherearechancesforaconnectionthatyoudon’tgetfromaregularbooksigning..Theresponsetotheinventionhasnotbeenallfavorable.Atwoodhasreceivedcriticismfromauthorswhothinksheistryingtoendbooktours.Butshesaid,“Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldn’t

affordit.”45.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraphs5and6?A.Atwooddoesn’tmeantoendbooktours.B.CriticsthinktheLongPenisoflittleuseC.BookstoreownersdonotsupporttheLongPenD.PublishersdisliketheLongPenforitshighcost答案：A这道题属于细节推断，只能回去文章找，注意细节。2015年天津高考B篇TheJiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn’tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthehousehold.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.……Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,”saidBreazeal.42.WhatcanaJiborobotdoaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Communicatewithyouandperformoperations.B.Answeryourquestionsandmakerequests.C.Takeyourfamilypicturesanddelivermilk.D.Obeyyourordersandremindyoutotakepills.44.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill______.A.trainemployees B.beourworkmatesC.improvetechnologies D.taketheplaceofworkers答案：DB提示：注意选项偷换主语，需要考生有一定词汇量，能看懂文中与选项中的同义词替换。2013天津D.Whenaskedabouthappiness,weusuallythinkofsomethingextraordinary,anabsolutedelight,whichseemstogetrarertheolderweget.Forkids,happinesshasamagicalquality.Theirdelightatwinningaraceorgettinganewbikeisunreserved(毫不掩饰的).Intheteenageyearstheconceptofhappinesschanges.Suddenlyit’sconditionalonsuchthingsasexcitement,loveandpopularity.Icanstillrecalltheexcitementofbeinginvitedtodancewiththemostattractiveboyattheschoolparty.Inadulthoodthethingsthatbringdeepjoylove,marriage,birthalsobringresponsibilityandtheriskofloss.Foradults,happinessiscomplicated(复杂的)Mydefinitionforhappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment”.Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,thehappierweare.It’seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromthecompanyoffriends,thefreedomtolivewhereweplease,andevengoodhealth.Iexperiencedmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirstIwasoverjoyedwhenIshutthelastlunch-boxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterruptedmorningwriting,whichIlove.Whenthekidsandmyhusbandcamehome,Ienjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequietoftheday.Psychologiststellusthattobehappyweneedamixofenjoyableleisuretimeandsatisfyingwork.Idon’tthinkthatmygrandmother,whoraised14children,hadmuchofeither.Shedidhaveanetworkofclosefriendsandfamily,andmaybethisiswhatsatisfiedher.We,however,withsomanychoicesandsuchpressuretosucceedineveryarea,haveturnedhappinessintoonemorethingwe’vegottohave.We’vesoself-consciousaboutour“right”toitthatit’smakingusmiserable.Sowechaseitandequalitwithwealthandsuccess,withoutnoticingthatthepeoplewhohavethosethingsaren’tnecessarilyhappierHappinessisn’taboutwhathappenstousit’sabouthowweseewhathappenstous.It’stheskillfulwayoffindingapositiveforeverynegative.It’snotwishingforwhatwedon’thave,butenjoyingwhatwedopossess.52.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraph5and6?A.ShecareslittleaboutherownhealthB.SheenjoysthefreedomoftravelingC.SheiseasilypleasedbythingsindailylifeD.Sheprefersgettingpleasurefromhousework53.WhatcanbeinformedfromParagraph7?A.PsychologiststhinksatisfyingworkiskeytohappinessB.Psychologists’opinioniswellprovedbyGrandma’caseC.GrandmaoftenfoundtimeforsocialgatheringsD.Grandma’shappinesscamefrommodestexpectationsoflife答案：CD依然围绕文章与段落主旨推断。词义、句意推断（2018滨海七校一模，C）Bytryingtotickle(挠痒痒)ratsandrecordinghowtheirnervecellsrespond,ShimpeiIshiyamaandhisadviserarediscoveringamysterythathaspuzzledthinkerssinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals.ItturnsoutthatAristotlewaswrong.IntheirstudypublishedonThursday,IshiyamaandhisadviserMichaelBrechtfoundthatratssqueakedandjumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies.Thesesignsofjoychangedaccordingtotheirmoods.Andforthefirsttime,theydiscoveredaspecialgroupofnervecells.Thesenervecellsmadethisfeelingsopowerfulthatitcausesanindividualbeingtickledtolosecontrol.64.Theunderlinedword“squeak”inParagraph2maybeexplainedby______.A.giveasmileB.makeanoise C.burstintotearsD.watchwithstaringeyes答案：B词义推断得把选项单词带回去试，否则容易误选A，实际上主语是老鼠，能排除A。2016天津CThelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence—theunderpinnings(基础)ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,（“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”）49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sharp”probablymeaninParagraph4?(猜测词意)A.Quicktoreact. B.Havingathinedge.C.Clearanddefinite. D.suddenandrapid.答案：C句子虽然长，但是大部分信息是废话，注意找出句子主干，实际上sharp是Thelink的表语，形容Thelink，看到这里，这时答题就变得容易了。2015天津高考D篇Boldnessmeansadecisiontobiteoffmorethanyoucaneat.Andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces.Theyarepotentialpowerswepossess:energy,skill,soundjudgment,creativeideas—evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.52.Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedpart?(词意猜测)A.Swallowmorethanyoucandigest.B.Actslightlyaboveyourabilities.C.Developmoremysteriouspowers.D.Learntomakecreativedecisions.答案：B根据主旨选。观点态度推断2015新课标全国1卷BThefreezingNortheastospendtimethiswinter,sowhenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota,Florida,mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay＂sunshine＂.IleftforthelandofwarmthandvitaminC(维生素C),thinkingofbeachesandorangetrees.Whenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair,Isentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.Swimmingpools,winetasting,andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours,not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend,butthebestpart-particularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsofcold—weatherrootvegetables—wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarahasn’tbeenaterriblyfunplacetsotafarmers’marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.Themarket,whichwasfoundedin1979,setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7a.m.to1p.m.,rainorshine,alongNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries,thered-paintedsidesoftheJavaDawgcoffeetruck;andmostofall,thetomatoes:amazing,large,softandroundredtomatoes.Disappointedbymanyabroken,vin