高中英语必修五第一单元知识点讲义及习题

高中英语必修五第一单元知识点讲义及习题高中英语必修五第一单元知识点讲义及习题高中英语必修五第一单元知识点讲义及习题V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考高中英语必修五第一单元知识点讲义及习题日期：20xx年X月必修五Unit1讲义characteristicn.特征；特性指某人或某物天生有别于他人的内部特质Genesdeterminethecharacteristicsofeverylivingthing.character（高考三大意思）1.表示人的“性格”或“品质”Theyaretwinsbuthavequitedifferentcharacters.It's

that

kind

of

courage

and

determination

that

makes

him

such

a

remarkablecharacter

2.表示小说或戏剧等中的“人物”或“角色”，是可数名词。如：Whoisthemaincharacterintheplay3.表示“文字”，指书写符号或印刷符号等，是可数名词。如：Hewritesbeautifulcharacters.Chinesecharacter汉字analysesb'scharacter

buildandformone'scharacter

radiumn.镭paintern.画家；油漆匠必修注意：paint做动词两个意思：1.绘画2.粉刷，油漆putforward提出；把时钟往前拨，把东西往前移（常忘记的词组）WhoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholesHeputforwardanewplan.Putyourwatchforward;it'sfiveminutesslower.

Whydon'tyou

put

yourchair

forward

togetabetterview

putdown记下；放下；镇压 putout熄灭putaside放在一边；储存；保留 putoff推迟；延期putup；举起；张贴；搭建 puton穿上；上映，上演；增加putaway收好，整理，归类The

band

are

hoping

to

put

on

a

UK

show

before

the

end

of

the

year.I

can

eat

what

I

want

but

I

never

put

on

weight

We

should

put

aside

our

differences

and

discuss

the

things

we

have

in

commonscientificadj.科学的concludevt.&vi.结束；推断出conclusionn.结论；结束drawaconclusion提出结论analysevt.分析infectvt.传染；感染（病毒，疾病），或者污染（比如说水质被污染不干净了）affecteffect辨析affect强调影响的动作，过程。（做动词）The

divorce

affected

Jim

deeplyClimate

and

weather

affect

every

aspect

of

our

lives

effect强调影响的结果（一般做名词，有时也动词），常接句型：haveaneffectonsth.Ifanareaisaffectedbyflooding,theeffectcanbedevastating。infectiousadj.传染的defeatvt.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败[辨析]win,beat与defeatwin“赢得”赛事、战事、某物；beat“战胜”“击败”比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.expertadj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n. 专家；行家attendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参加（照顾可加to也可不加）attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting/schoolattendto:tolookafter,carefor,serve伺候,照顾，看护Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending（on）her.Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.physiciann.医生；内科医师physicist:物理学家doctor医生,是个通用词,几乎什么场合都能用.

physician主要是指“内科医生”,与“外科医生（surgeon）（此单词要背）”相对,当然在美语中我也经常听到普通医生也说surgeon.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光expose…to（to做介词）使显露；暴露Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.(书本原句)但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。exposedtocholera在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“患霍乱的”。如：ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.beexposedtosth.(to做介词)HisskinisexposedtothesunWearesupposedtobeexposedtoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.deadlyadj.致命的curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗outbreakn.爆发；发作（尤指疾病或战争）challengen.挑战vt.向……挑战victimn.受害者victim是受害人，受伤或在意外中死亡的人都可以称为victimNotallthevictimssurvived.

sufferer是受难者或患病者，一般指遭受苦难或患病的人absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使专心句型：beabsorbedin(1)专注，聚精会神beabsorbedin＝putone’sheartinto=concentrateon集中精力做某事Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyourcall.Absorbedinhiswork，Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.（2）吸收，把……吸收入Blackclothabsorbslight.黑布吸收光线。Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.suspectvt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯enquiryn.询问(此单词高考少见，不过生活中倒是见得多，=inquiry)比如说某个单位的问询处，公安办案的询问，都是此单词neighbourhoodn.附近；邻近intheneighborhood在附近severeadj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的(=soserious)Iwascaughtinaseverestormlastnightandcouldn’tgobackhomeintime.Hehassuchasevereillnessthathehasbeeninhospital.Isufferedasevereattackoftoothache.clueadj.线索；提示pumpn.泵；抽水机vt.（用泵）抽（水）Cambridge剑桥大街foreseevt.预见；预知fore为前缀：在前面，在以前。由此可得出很多词汇的大概意思forearmn.前臂foreheadn.前额foresightn.先见之明,远见,深谋远虑foretasten.预尝,先试foretellv.预言,预测forewarnv.预先警告forewordn.前言,引言,序forecastv./n.foregroundn.前景（background背景）investigatevt.&vi.调查investigationn.调查blamevt.责备；谴责过失；责备blamesb.forsth./doingsth.因某事责备某人Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人Thepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack’scarelessdriving.betoblamefor(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:betoblame应受责备（主动表被动）；应负责任Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.pollutevt.污染；弄脏handlen.柄；把手vt.处理；操纵=dealwith（此单词两个意思老会忘记其中一个，必须牢记）germn.微生物；细菌linkvt.&n.连接；联系link…to…将……和……联系或连接起来announcevt.宣布；通知certaintyn.确信；确实instructvt.命令；指示；教导responsibleadj.有责任的；负责的（beresponsiblefor对......有责任）名词形式为responsibility责任初学此单词及其容易与response混淆responsen.回应，回复（theresponseto）,动词形式为respondThere

has

been

no

response

to

his

remarks

from

the

government

constructvt.建设；修建constructionn.建设；建筑物（underconstruction在建设当中）contributevt.&vi.捐献，贡献；导致，助于1.此单词初三学过一个短语为makeacontributionto（为.....作出贡献）Thisinventionmadeamajorcontributiontoroadsafety.2.Hisresearchhascontributedalottoourunderstandingofthisdisease.Hepromisedtocontribute$5,000totheschoolrebuildingproject.3.contributeto可表示“导致，促成；有助于”。此句型的结构和意思有点类似于leadtoSmokingcertainlycontributedtohisearlydeath.apartfrom除……之外；此外1）相当于besides.意为“除……以外（还包括）”Apartfrommymothertongue,Ispeakseveralforeignlanguagesaswell.除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。2）相当于except.意为“除……以外（不包括）”IlikeallthesubjectsapartfromEnglish.除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。fireworkn.烟火（燃放）chartn.图表creativeadj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的co-operativeadj.合作的positiveadj.积极的；肯定的；确实的（be）strictwith…对……严格的revolutionaryadj.革命的；重大变革的movementn.移动；运动；动作makesense讲得通；有意义Itdoesn'tmakesensetobuythatexpensivecoatforthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.backwardadv.&adj.向后地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）loopn.圈；环privatelyadv.私下地；秘密地spinvi.&vt.(使)旋转；纺（线或纱）brightnessn.明亮；亮度；聪颖enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的句型：beenthusiasticaboutcautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的becautiousabout对......谨慎名词是：cautionrejectvt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃universen.宇宙；世界过去分词作定语1)语法功能相当于一个定语从句ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.ThebikewhichwasstolenbelongstoJack.ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.theaffectedpeople受感染的人abrokenheart一颗破碎的心alostdog丧家之犬abrokenglass被打破的玻璃杯Attention：过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。Is

there

anything

unsolved

There

is

noting

changed

here

since

I

left

this

town.b.过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。peopleexposedtocholera=peoplewhowasexposedtocholerathebookrecommendedbyJack=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJackthemachinesproducedlastyear=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyearc.不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动，只表完成。arisensun已升起的太阳thegonedays逝去的时光fallenleaves落叶现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.Haveyoureadthebookrecommendedbyyourteacherthechangingworld（正在变化的）thechangedworld（变化了的）boilingwater（正在沸腾的）boiledwater（已经沸腾过的）fadingflowers(正在凋谢的)fadedflowers（已经凋谢的）adevelopingcountry(发展中的)adevelopedcountry（发达的）adrowningman快要淹死的人adrownedman已经淹死的人fallingleaves正在飘落的树叶fallenleaves落叶aretiredworker退休工人anescapedprisoner逃犯3）及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式(beingdone)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdayisverycomplicatedtheproblembeingdiscussedisverycomplicated过去分词做表语1过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.常见作表语的过去分词有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried,gone,dressed,lost等。注意过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的状态，而后者强调被动的动作。Myglassesarebroken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态）Myglasseswerebrokenbymyson.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。（动作）1.Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded2.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,____as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown3.Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvited