2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习-专题十　推测词义

2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习专题十推测词义Passage1CitizensinthepoorestcountiesintheUSfacealifeexpectancyuptoadecadeshorterthancitizensinthewealthiestareas,accordingtoastudypublishedintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth.Researcherswantedtobetterunderstandhowsocioeconomic（社会经济的）statuswasassociatedwithhealthoutcomes.Theyclassifiedthecountry's3,141countiesinto50new“states“basedonaveragehouseholdincomeasopposedtogeographicareas.Theybrokedownthedatabycountysincetheyfoundstate-leveldatamayhidesomeimpactofsocioeconomicdifferencesonboththebest-offandworst-offcounties.Researchersfoundthattherewasnearlya10-yeardifferenceinthelifeexpectancyofmenwithanaverageof79.3yearsinthewealthiestcountiescomparedto69.8yearsinthepoorest.Forwomen,thedifferencewasslightlyless-83yearsinthewealthiestcountiesand76yearsinthepoorest.Thestudyhelpsshowhoweconomicpoliciesandincomeinequalityareassociatedwithhealthoutcomes.“Alotofourworkisaboutconnectingthedots,“saidWoolf,theleadresearcher."Thereisatendencyinourcountrytotalkabouthealthissuesasmedicalproblemswithoutrealizingthatdecisionsthatthenewadministrationwillmakeabouteconomicpolicyandloweringtaxesareallhealthissues.”Whileitmayseemapparentthathigherincomeswouldleadtobetterhealthoutcomes,sincepeoplewillbebetterabletogetpreventivemedicalcareandtreatment,Woolfsaysthereareotherseeminglyunrelatedfactorsthatcanaffecthealthaswell.Hesaidthatchildrenwhogrowupinaneconomicallydepressedareawithhighlevelsofstressduetofinancialproblemscanendupwithchronicstress.Thesechildrenareatincreasedriskofdevelopingdiabetes,heartdiseaseorhighbloodpressure.kfcAlotofthoseconditionstracethemselvesbacktochildhoodexposure,saidWoolf.Woolfwarnsthatwhiletheyfoundaconnectionbetweensocioeconomicstatusandhealthoutcomes,theydidnotanalyzecauseandeffect,buttheysuggestedthatthedatashowedthatpolicy-makersshouldnotjustfocusonstate-widemeasuresbuttheyshouldfbcusmoreontargetedeffortstohelpthosemostatrisk."Withlimitedresources,methodsofidentifyingthepoorestcountiescanassistintheallocationofresourcesandprogramstothosecommunitiesthatareinthegreatestneed,^^Woolfsaid.l.Thedatacollectedbytheresearchersarebasedoncountiesbecause.A.itiseasytocollectdatabycountyB.thestate-levelhealthdataareunbelievableC.thereisonlyasmallwealthdifferenceamongstatesD.itcanreflecttheeffectofsocioeconomicstatusonlifeexpectancyaccurately2.Bysaying“Alotofourworkisaboutconnectingthedots”,Woolfmeans.A.theyhelpconnectthegovernmentwithpoorpeopleB.theirworkhelpsfindmorefactorsrelatingtohealthoutcomesC.theyhelpconnectcountieswithsocioeconomicdifferencesD.theirworkistofindtherelationbetweenpeople'sincomeandlifeexpectancy.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chronic“inParagraph5mean?A.Long-term. B.Serious.C.Acute.D.Early..WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Childrensuffermostfrompoorfamilyeconomicstatus.B.Peopleinpoorercountiesarelesslikelytohaveahealthrisk.C.Negativeeffectsofpooreconomicconditionsonpeoplestartearly.D.Lifeexpectancyofwomenisnotaffectedbysocioeconomicstatus..WhatdoesWoolftendtoindicateinthelastparagraph?A.ResourceallocationintheUSisnotfairatall.B.TheirstudyhelpsfindthepoorestcountiesintheUS.C.Thegovernmentshouldlearnsomethingfromthestudy.D.Peoplestilldon'tknowthefactorthatdecideslifeexpectancy.林宏l.D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话和最后一句话可知,研究人员将数据按县分类是因为它能准确反映社会经济地位对预期寿命的影响。2.B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thereisatendency...allhealthissues.”可知,Woolf说的“我们的很多工作都是关于连接这些点的”的意思是他们的工作有助于发现更多与健康结果相关的因素。.A词义猜测题。根据画线词上文内容可知,画线词所在句表达的是在经济萧条地区长大的孩子由于经济问题而承受着巨大的压力,最终可能会长期都有压力,chronic意为“长期的二.C细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句话可知.糟糕的经济状况对人们的负面影响很早就开始了。.C态度意图题。根据最后一段中的“buttheysuggestedthat..「可知,Woolf认为政府应该从他们的研究中吸取教训。Passage2Tinyastheyare,batshavetheabilityto“see"inthedarkbyusingaspecialskillcalledecholocation（回声定位）.Theymakenoisesandwaitforsoundwaves,oranecho,tobounce（反弹）backoffobjects.Theycantellthedistanceofvariousobjectsbyhowquicklythesoundwavesbouncebackoffthem.Ifnosoundbouncesback,theycanthenflyforward.Thisspecialabilityhasbeensimulatedinthehumanworldforalongtime,suchasinsubmarinesandplanes,whosesonar（声呐）systemsaresomewhatsimilartoecholocation.Butapartfromhelpingvehicles"see”wheretheyare,whatifblindpeoplecoulduseecholocationforthemselves?Itturnsoutthatsomealreadyare.AmericanDanielKish,whoisblind,isknownas“Batman”.Thisisn'tbecausehewalksaroundinacapeandamask,butbecausehehasabat-likeabilitytolocatewhereheisthroughsharpclickshemakesbymovinghistongueagainsttheroofofhismouth.Kishissoskilledatecholocatingthathecanrideabikeandhikeonhisown.Recently,theresearchcarriedoutatDurhamUniversityinEnglandshedssomelightonthepowerofhumanecholocation.Kishworkedwithagroupofscientistswhostudiedthewayblindpeoplelistentotheechoesthattheyproducefromclicks.Theteam,whichconductedexperimentswithothervolunteers,foundthatpeoplewerecapableofhearingevenveryfaintechoes,onesfarfainterthanhadbeenpreviouslythought.SpeakingtoTheIndependent,LoreThaler,leadscientistofthegroup,said,“Wefoundthatinsomeconditions,theywerereallyfaint——about95percentsofterthantheactualclicks,buttheecholocatorswerestillabletosensethem.”AndrewKolarikoftheUniversityofCambridgeisanotherexpertinecholocation.ReactingtotheDurhamstudy,hetoldBBCNewsthatecholocation"canbeveryusefulforprovidinginformationatfaceorchestheight“andcouldhelppeople“avoidobjectslikelow-hangingbranchesthatmightnotgetdetectedbythecaneoraguidedog”.AlthoughKish'sskillisremarkable,there'shopeforotherblindpeoplewhowanttouseecholocation.AccordingtoBBCNews,echolocationisaskillblindpeoplecanacquireanddevelop,justlikelearningalanguage.AsKolariksaid:"Teachingecholocationskillscouldprovideblindpeoplewiththemeansofexploringnewplaces.”.Theunderlinedword“simulated“inParagraph2probablymeans"A.discovered B.copiedC.improved D.challenged.HowdoesKishlocatewhereheis?A.Byusinghisgreatsenseofhearing.B.Bylisteningtotheechoesproducedbyhiscane.C.Viatheechoesfromtheclickshemakeswithhistongue.D.Viathesonarsystemattachedtohisbody..WhatdidLoreThaler'steamfindfromtheirstudies?A.Itishardforecholocatorstosensefaintechoes.B.Humanscanecholocatebetterthanwethoughtwecould.C.Echolocatorscanpickupalltypesofechoes.D.Blindpeoplearebetterecholocatorsthanthosewhocansee..Accordingtothearticle,teachingecholocationtoblindpeople.A.willenablethemtogetridoftheircaneB.willimprovetheirabilitytolearnanewlanguageC.willopenupnewpossibilitiesforthemD.isnoteasytoputintopractice.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.AStudyonblindpeopleusingecholocation.B.Differenttypesofhumanecholocation.C.Theimportanceofhumanecholocation.D.Whybats'echolocationcouldbeusedbyhumans.答案l.B词义猜测题。根据下文可知，潜水艇和飞机的声呐系统和蝙蝠的回声定位能力相似，这说明蝙蝠的这种能力在人类的生活中被模仿，所以simulate的意思是“模仿二2.C细节理解题。根据第三E殳中的“Thisisn'tbecausehewalksaround...bymovinghistongueagainsttheroofofhismouth.”可知,Kish通过舌头抵住上颗发出的尖锐的咔嗒声来定位自己所在的位置。3.B细节理解题。根据第六段可知,人们甚至能够听到非常微弱的回声，由此可知人类的回声定位能力比我们想象的要好。.C细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话可知,向盲人教授回声定位技术可以为他们提供探索新地方的方法，即回声定位法可以为盲人开启新的可能性。.A主旨大意题。文章介绍了蝙蝠的回声定位法被人类利用，研究发现人类也具有回声定位的能力，这种能力可以为盲人服务,科学家对盲人使用回声定位进行了研究。所以本文主要介绍了一项对盲人使用回声定位法的研究。Passage3Pandasarefamouslypickyeaters.Theyonlyconsumebamboo-apoorqualitydietlowinfat.Butthecreaturesappeartohaveevolvedtogetthemostoutofwhattheydoeat,accordingtoanewstudy.Theirgut（肠道）bacteriachangeinlatespringandearlysummerwhenbambooisatitsmostnutritious一whileprotein-richgreenshootsarecomingout.Thebacteriamakethepandagainmoreweightandstoremorefat,whichresearcherssaidmaycompensatefbralackofnutrientslaterintheyear,whenbambooplantshaveonlyfibrousleavestochew.“We'veknownthesepandashaveadifferentsetofgutmicrobiotaduringtheshoot-eatingseasonforalongtime,andit'sveryobviousthattheyarechubbierduringthistimeoftheyear,^^saidleadstudyauthorGuangpingHuang,aresearcherfortheInstituteofZoologyattheChineseAcademyofSciences.Toinvestigatehowthegutbacteriacouldaffectapanda'sdigestion,theteamfirstcollectedthewasteofeightwildgiantpandasinChina'sQinlingMountainsduringboththeleaf-eatingseasonandtheshoot-eatingseasonandthenexaminedhowthewastesamplesdiffered.TheyfoundabacteriumcalledClostridiumbutyricumwasmoreabundantinthepandas'gutsduringtheseasonwhentheyenjoythefreshbambooshoots.Tounderstandwhetherthisbacteriumhelpsthepandasgainandstoreweight,theresearchersputthepandawastetheycollectedintolabmice.Thentheyfedthemiceforthreeweekswithabamboo-baseddietthatsimulated（模仿）whatpandaseat.Researchersfoundthemicethatweretransplantedwithpandawastecollectedduringtheshoot-eatingseasongainedsignificantlymoreweightthantheonesthatwerenot,despiteconsumingthesameamountoffood.“Thegutbacteriaweretheonlyvariable（变量）inthisresearch,WeiFuwen,aco-authorofthestudy,explained.However,FelixSommeratChristian-Albrechts-UniversityinKiel,Germany,notedthenumberofpandasstudiedwassmallandthattheexperimenthadonlybeenperformedonce.Sommeralsostressedtheresearchershadfoundalink,notacausalrelationshipbetweenthebacteriaandweightgain..Whendopandasgetmoreweightwiththechangeoftheirgutbacteria?A.Inlatespring. B.Inlatesummer.C.Inearlyautumn. D.Inearlywinter..Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chubbier"inParagraph3mean?A.Smaller. B.Slimmer.C.Taller.D.Fatter..Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentonmice?A.Theexperimentlastedforlessthanthreeweeks.B.Researcherscollectedbacteriafromthelabmice.C.Pandawastehasavitaleffectonmice'sweight.D.Differentamountsoffoodledtoanincreaseinweight.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.StudiesonEatingHabitsofPandasB.FunctionsofPandas'GutBacteriaC.CharacteristicsofPandas'DailyDiet0.ArgumentsoverPandas'DigestionSystem兹安口［语篇解读］本文为说明文。一项新的研究表明:大熊猫的肠道细菌有助于它们最大限度地吸收竹子中的营养。.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“它们的肠道细菌在竹子最富营养的春末和夏初时节发生改变.此时正是竹子富含蛋白质的绿芽长出来的时候。这种细菌可使大熊猫体重增加并储存更多的脂肪”可知春末和夏初是大熊猫体重增加的时候。故选A。.D猜测词义题。根据第三段中画线单词的前文“我们知道在食芽季节这些大熊猫体内很长一段时间内有着不同的肠道菌群二再结合第二段第二句（这种细菌可使大熊猫体重增加……）可知,大熊猫在吃了竹子嫩芽之后体重增加,会更胖（fatter）,故选D。.C推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句（研究人员发现被移植了食芽季节收集的熊猫粪便的小鼠比那些未移植的小鼠体重显著增加，尽管进食了相同数量的食物）可知C项（熊猫粪便对小鼠体重有重要影响）正确。.B主旨要义题。根据第一段最后一句（但是根据一项新的研究，大熊猫似乎已经进化了,可以充分利用它们所吃的东西）以及第二段提到大熊猫的肠道细菌使它们体重增加可知，本文主要讲述大熊猫的肠道细菌有助于它们最大限度地吸收竹子中的营养。故B项符合文章主旨。Passage4MakingacareeroutofbuildingwithLegobrickssoundslikeadreamjob.Butit'stherealdealfbrSeanKenney,whoturnedhischildhoodhobbyintoafull-timecareer.Formorethan15yearsKenneyhasbeencreatingmasterpiecesusingLegobricks.Hiscreationshavebeendisplayedatmuseumsandzoosaroundtheworld,inspiringpeopleofallages.Likemostkids,KenneyspenthisfreetimeplayingwithLegos.Ashegotolder,hegottrainedinhisartisticskillsasacartoonist,studyingvisualartsatRutgersUniversity.Upongraduationheworkedasagraphicdesigner,oftenincludingLegobricksinhiswork.Itwasn'tuntilabotanicalgardeninIowaapproachedhimaboutmakingreplicas（复制品）ofsomeofitsflowersandplantsthathemadethenaturalworldhissubject.“OneofthebiggestchallengesistryingtogetthesoftnessoffeaturesandtheexpressivenessofthefacerightwhileusingblockyLegobricks,“Kenneysays.Toaccomplishthetasks,Kenneycooperateswithagroupofartistswhoworktogetherinteamsoftwoorthreetocreateeachsculpture.Mostpiecesstartoutasroughdraftsonpaper,whicharethentransformedontographpaperorcomputermodelstoplanoutthebasicshapeandsizeoftheanimal.TheartiststhenusetheseblueprintsasapointofreferenceastheyclicktogetherLegobrickstobuildaprototype（原型）.Fromstarttofinish,asinglesculpturecantakethousandsofbricksandmanymonthsoflabortocomplete.Somelargesculpturescantakeuptoninemonthstoconstruct.WhileCOVID-19mayhaveaneffectontravelling,ithasn'tstoppedKenneyfromcreatingnewLegosculptures.For2022,he'sdreamingupa^colorful,powerfulandplayfuF,exhibitioncalled“NaturePOPVthatgivesthenaturalworldanovelspin..WhatinspiredSeanKenneytofocushisworksonnature?A.Hiswonderfulartisticskillsasacartoonist.B.Hispreviousworkasagraphicdesigner.C.Someflowersandplantsinthenaturalworld.D.Hisworkingexperienceinabotanicalgarden..WhatcanbeinferredaboutSeanKenney?sjob?A.Itinvolvesmuchtimeandteamwork.B.A11hisworksfeatureplants.C.Itdoesn'trequirehighartisticskills.D.IthasbeenstoppedduetoCOVID-19..Whatdotheunderlinedwords“anovelspin“probablymean?A.Acleardefinition.B.Anewlook.C.Anextraburden.D.Afunride..Wheremaythistextbetakenfrom?A.Atravelbrochure.B.Anovel.C.Asciencefictionnovel.D.Anewspaper.答案［语篇解读］本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍了艺术家肖恩・肯尼以其精湛的技艺创作出很多极为逼真的乐高积木雕塑作品,激励着世界各地各个年龄段的人们。.D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句（直到艾奥瓦州的一个植物园提出请他制作一些花卉和植物的复制品时,他才把自然界作为他创作的主题）可知在植物园工作的经历启发他将作品创作集中在自然上.故选Do.A推理判断题。根据第四段第一句（为了完成创作任务，肯尼会与一群艺术家合作。每件雕塑作品由两三个艺术家构成的小组合作完成）以及本段最后两句（从头至尾，单个雕塑品会需要数千块积木和数月的劳动才能完成。一些大的雕塑品会需要多达九个月的时间来建造）可知.肯尼的工作涉及许多时间和团队协作。故选A。.B猜测词义题。根据最后一段（虽然新冠肺炎疫情影响人们出行，但没有阻止肯尼创作新的乐高雕塑品。对于2022年,他正在构想一个名为“NaturePOP”的哆彩的、有力的、有趣的”展览……同知，该展览会给自然界一个全新的面貌。故选及4.D推理判断题。本文主要介绍了艺术家肖恩・肯尼以其精湛的技艺创作出很多极为逼真的乐高积木雕塑作品.激励着世界各地各个年龄段的人们。因此本文有可能选自报纸。Passage5WhenIwas6,myelderbrotherbroughtmetothelocalBMX（自行车越野）tracktorideinakids5raceforthefirsttime.ThehilloutofthestartinggatelookedsoscaryandsteepthatIbackedoff.Myparentstookmebackforanothertrythenextweek.Ifellalmostimmediatelybutstillmanagedtowinthesecondplace.I,velovedracingeversince.Iturnedproat15,whichisn'tpossiblenow:Youhavetobe17tocompeteprofessionally.AroundthetimeIwentpro,BMXbecameanOlympicsportandIdecidedtopursueitafterhighschool.TmtheyoungestwomanwithaprofessionaltitleintheUnitedStates.BMXisn*tjudgedontricksorhowyouhandlebarriers,butit'sanextremesport.It'slikehorseracingmixedwithridingarollercoaster.Itstartswithahugeburstofspeed—Igo40mphbythetime.Tmtwoandahalfsecondsoutofthegate.ThenItrytocomeoutinfrontofsevencompetitorsattheendofthetrack,whichincludes40-footjumps.Ikeepchasingthehighthatcomesfromprestartnervousness,bigjumps,andthatfeelingofcrossingthefinishlinefirst.Strengthandbalancearekeyincompetition,soIworkoutatleastfivedaysaweektoprepare.Idotonsofresistanceandagility（灵活）training,bothonandoffthebike.IalsodomentaldrillswithasportspsychologisttomakesureI'mfocusedandconfidentgoingintocompetition.IfImakeamistakeonthecourse,Ihavetomoveon.Everyoneisouttobeatme;Ineedtoconcentrateonwinningsomycompetitorscan'tcapitalizeonanerrorandpassme!IwassoproudtowinasilvermedalattheOlympicsinRio,butIfeltIwascapableofgold,sothatwillpushmetodobetter.I'mcontinuallyworkingtoreachmypotentialinthesport.UntilIfeelcompletelysatisfied,rilkeepcomingback..Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.ShewithdrewfromherfirstBMXrace.B.ShebecametheyoungestBMXriderinAmerica.C.HerparentsforcedhertoturnBMXprofessional.D.HereffortsresultedinBMXenteringtheOlympics..TowintheBMXrace,theauthorhasto.A.jumphighestB.focusonothercompetitorsC.playtricksD.keepbalancedalltheway.Theunderlinedphrase"capitalizeon“inParagraph4probablymeans.A.makeupforB.takeadvantageofC.keepaneyeonD.takenoticeof.Whatqualitieshaveledtotheauthor'ssuccess?A.Proudandserious.B.Ambitiousandhard-working.C.Optimisticandgenerous.□.Independentandcooperative.答案［语篇解读］本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述作者六岁接触自行车越野.通过自己的不懈努力.最后勇夺里约奥运会自行车越野赛银牌的故事。.A细节理解题。根据第一段第二句（起跑门外的山看起来如此恐怖、B超I肖，以至于我退出了比赛）可知A项（她退出了第一次自行车越野赛）正确。.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句（力量和平衡是比赛的关键.因此我要每周至少锻炼五天来做准备）可知要赢得自行车越野赛，作者必须一直保持平衡。故选D。.B猜测词义题。根据倒数第二段中画线短语前的“每个人都想战胜我，我需要专注于获胜”以及后面的“error”和“passme”可知作者全程专注于获胜的目的在于不让对手利用自己的失误完成超越.故选B。.B推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句（我很自豪赢得里约奥运会银牌.但我觉得自己能够获得金牌，所以那将激励我做得更好）可知,作者是一个有雄心的（ambitious）人。再结合本段第二句（我持续不断地努力以发挥在该项运动中的潜力）可知作者很努力（hard-working）。故选BoPassage6SittingintheclassroomIfeltconfused,forIcouldn'treadtheblackboard.ThenMumtookmetoanoptometrist（验光师）.Withinafewdays,Iwasdiagnosedwithaseverevisualimpairment.Infact,Iwaspracticallyblind.Amazingly,I'dmanagedtoreachtheageof13withoutanyonerealizing,notevenme!”Itallmakessensenow,“Mumsaid.Asakidlivingonafarm,Iwasforeverfallingoverthings.Iwasknownastheclumsyonetomyparentsandfoursiblings.Butnow,IwasbeingtoldthatIsawtheworlddifferently—Icouldonlymakeouttheoutlinesofthings.Iwasgivenreadingglassesbuttheydidn'thelpmuch.Refusingtoletmydiagnosisholdmeback,IcontinueddoingeverythingIloved.Aslongaseverythingwasinitsplace,Icouldnavigatemywayaround.LaterIgotmarriedtoLanceandhadamazingkids.Icouldchangenappiesanddressthekidsfine—itjusttookalittlelongerasIreliedontouchtoworkoutwherethingswere.Cooking,ontheotherhand,wasnotmyforte.Iwasterrible-alwaysmixingupsugarandsalt!Nowadays,mygrandkidshaveallbeenbroughtupnottoleavetoysonthefloorormovechairsawayfromthetable.<fcWedon'twantGrandmatripping,Lancewillsay.Overtheyears,Tveenjoyedlovelyfamilyholidays,butsometimesfeltlikeLanceorthekidsweretooprotectiveofme.SoIwasthrilledwhen1bookedmyselfonatriptotheGoldCoastwithpeoplewhowerejustlikemeinatravelcompany.Tmnotmissingout-mylifeisbeautiful.Tmsoluckytohaveawonderfulfamilyandheapsofexperiences.Lifeisprecious-youdon'tneedvisionto"see"that..Whatdoweknowaboutthewriter'schildhood?A.Shealwaystrippedbecauseshewasclumsy.B.Thereadingglassesgiventoherworkedwell.C.Shegotaseverehearingimpairmentattheageof13.D.Nobodyrealizedhersightwaspooruntilshewas13yearsold..Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fbrte“inParagraph3mean?A.Weakness. B.Favorite. C.Strength. D.Business..Whichofthefollowingstatementsisrightaccordingtothepassage?A.Ineedsighttoexperiencewonderfullifebetter.B.Ididn'tmissoutthebeautyoflifedespitemypoorsight.C.MyfamilyhardlygoonaholidaysoIamexcitedtogototheGoldCoast.D.Mygrandkidshavebeenusedtoputtingthingsinplacetokeeptheroomtidy..Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?A.Weneedtogototravelfrequently.B.Weshouldcareabouttheblindpeople.C.Herfamilyweretooprotectiveofher.D.Everyonecanseethebeautyoflifewithapositiveattitude.林宏口不［语篇解读］本文为记叙文。作者视力严重受损，几乎失明，她没有自暴自弃，而是用积极的心态面对生活。.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Amazingly,I'dmanagedtoreachtheageof13withoutanyonerealizing,notevenme!”（令人惊讶的是.我13岁了,都没有人意识到我的视力严重缺陷的问题，包括我在内!）可知D项（直到13岁才有人意识到她的视力不好）正确。.C猜测词义题。前文讲她可以给孩子换尿布、穿衣服.后文表示转折——，我表现很糟糕，总把糖和盐搞混”，可知做饭不是她的强项（strength）.故选C。.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句（我没有错过一我的生活是美好的.我很幸运有一个美好的家庭和许多经历）可知B项（尽管视力不好，我没有错过生活的美好）正确。4.D主旨要义题。根据最后一句话（生命是宝贵的一你不需要视力去“看到”它）可知作者想要表达的是:用积极的态度去面对，每个人都能看到生活的美好。故选项D符合文章主旨。Passage7Grandma,almostninetyyearsold,satweaklyontheparkbench.Shedidn'tmove.Shejustsatwithherheaddownstaringatherhands.WhenIsatdownbesideher,shedidn'tevennoticeme.IwonderedifshewasOK.SoIaskedherifshewasOK.Sheraisedherhead,lookedatmeandsaidwithasmile,44Yes,Tmfine.Thankyouforaskingme.""Ididn'tmeantodisturbyou.Grandma,butyouwerejustsittingherestaringatyourhandsandIwantedtomakesureyouwereOK,“Iexplainedtoher.“Haveyoueverlookedatyourhands?"sheasked.meanreallylookingatyourhands."Islowlyopenedmyhandsandstareddownatthem.AndthenIturnedthemover.No,IguessIhadneverreallylookedatmyhandsasItriedtofigureoutthepointmygrandmawasmaking.Grandmasmiledandtoldmethefollowingstory,“Myhandsputfoodinmymouthandclothesonmyback.Theytiedmyshoesandpulledonmyboots.Theyheldmyhusbandandwipedmytearswhenhewentofftowar.TheywereuneasywhenItriedtoholdmynewbornson.Decoratedwithmyweddingband,theyshowedtheworldthatIwasmarriedandlovedsomeonespecial.TheywrotemyletterstohimandshookwhenIburiedmyparents.Theyheldmychildrenandgrandchildrenandcomfortedmyneighbors.Theycoveredmyface,combedmyhairandwashedtherestofmybody.ThesehandsarethemarkofwhereI'vebeenandtheruggednessofIneverlookatmyhandsthesameagain.WhenmyhandsarehurtorwhenItouchthefacesofmychildrenandmyhusband,Ithinkofmygrandma.IknowIcanalsocreateabrightfutureusingmyhands..Thewriterdisturbedhergrandmainordertoknow.A.whatshewasdoingB.whethersheunderstoodthewriterC.whyshewasstaringatherhandsD.iftherewassomethingwrongwithher.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ruggedness“inParagraph4mean?A.PIeasure. B.Richness.C.Roughness. D.Excitement..Whatcanweknowaboutthewriter'sgrandma?A.Sheisfondoftellingstories.B.Shetreatsothersinacaringandhelpfulway.C.Shelovestellingstoriesinaninterestingway.D.Shepreferstotalkwithothersaboutherfriends..Theauthormentionedhergrandma'sstorytoshowthathergrandma.A.couldn'tdoanythingasaresultofherweakhandsB.livedapoorlifewithoutanyhelpoftechnologyC.feltverytiredwhendealingwithlifewithherweakhandsD.managedtogothroughmanydifficultieswithherweakhands会;空口不［语篇解读］本文为记叙文。作者从奶奶的经历中感悟到自己也可以用双手创造一个光明的未来。.D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句（“我不是有意要打扰你，奶奶，不过你只是坐在这儿盯着自己的手看.我是想确定你没有事。"我向她解释道）可知作者打扰奶奶是为了了解她是否有事。故选D。.C猜测词义题。根据倒数第二段最后的“这双手是我去过的地方的印记……”并结合上文提到的奶奶坎坷的生活经历可知,ruggedness与C项（凹凸不平）意思相近,theruggednessoflife意为“生活的坎坷；.B推理判断题。根摘到二E殳中的“Theyheldmychildrenandgrandchildrenandcomfortedmyneighbors.”（它们抱着我的孩子和孙子孙女们，并安慰着我的邻居）可知奶奶是一个关爱他人的（caring）、乐于助人的（helpful）人。故选B项。4.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“ThesehandsarethemarkofwhereFvebeenandtheruggedness。门ife「（这双手是我去过的地方和坎坷生活的印记）以及本文最后一句（我知道我也可以用双手打造一个光明的未来）可知她的奶奶用双手成功经历了生活中的许多坎坷。故选D。Passage8Earthisinthemiddleofaninsectcrisiswiththousandsofspeciesdecliningoverthepastseveraldecades.Scientistshaveoftenblamedhabitatlossorpesticide（杀虫齐!J）use.ButanewstudyofbutterfliesinthewesternUnitedStateshasfoundthatwarmerfallweathermaybeanequal,ifnotmore,ofafactor.Overthepastfourdecades,morethan450butterflyspecieshavedeclinedatanaveragerateofnearly2percentayear,accordingtoastudypublishedinScience.It'salreadyknownthatthewesternmonarchbutterflyhasplummetedinpopulationby99.9percentandwasrecentlydeniedprotectionbytheU.S.EndangeredSpeciesAct.Butthestudyrevealedlesser-knownspecies,liketheBoisduvaPsblueandCalifornia'sstateinsect,theCaliforniadogfacebutterfly,areheadingtowardextinction.“Theinfluenceofclimatechangeisdrivingthosedeclines,whichmakessensebecausethey,resowidespread,saysstudyleaderMatthewForister.Toreachtheirtroublingfindings,theresearcherscombineddatabasesofbutterflycountsconductedbyscientistsandamateurinsectenthusiastsat72locationsinthewesternU.S.Tofocusonthecontributionofclimatechange,theresearchersmadesuretoincludelocationsthatwererelativelyundisturbedbyagricultureandhumandevelopmenttolimittheinfluenceofotherthreatstobutterfliessuchashabitatlossandpesticides.Morethan2（X）citiesacrosstheU.S.areexperiencingwarmerfallseasons.InArizona,forinstance,falltemperatureshaverisenby0.2degreeFahrenheiteverydecadesince1895.Asforwhywarmingfallsaresoharmful,itmaybeconnectedtobutterflies9hibernation-likediapause（像冬眠般的滞育）inthefall.Warmertemperaturescouldbeforcingtheinsects,mostofwhichlivearoundayear,tostayawakelongerandstarve.Inotherwords,they're"gettingoldandfragileanddyingsooner”.Giventhatbutterfliesarekeypollinators（彳^）者），suchdeclinespredictbiggerproblemsforplantsandevenwholeecosystems,Foristeradds."Theclimateeffectswillalmostcertainlyaffectmanyotherinsects,includingbees."Andtheseeffectswill“damage“effortstoprotectandrestorebutterflyhabitat..Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummeted“meaninParagraph2?A.Recoveredslowly. B.Decreasedsharply.C.Escapedsuddenly. D.Evolvedrapidly..WhatdidtheresearchersdoinParagraph3?A.Theyruledouttheeffectsofhumanactivities.B.Theytriedtoprotectthehabitatofbutterflies.C.Theyrefusedtouseamateurs9sciencedata.D.Theyidentifiedotherthreatstobutterflies..Howdowarmingfallsaffectbutterflies?A.Theyaffectbutterflies'naturallifecycle.B.Theyslowdownbutterflies,agingprocess.C.Theycausebutterfliestolosemorehabitats.D.Theyforcebutterfliestocompeteforsurvival..Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Todiscusstheimportanceofbutterflyspecies.B.Tosuggestawaytofightagainstclimatechange.C.Tointroducenewmethodsofstudyingbutterflies.D.Topresentanewfactorinaspeciespopulationdecline.答案［语篇解读］本文为说明文。美国西部关于蝴蝶的一项新的研究发现，暖秋可能是造成物种减少的因素之一。1.B猜测词义题。根据第二段第一句（根据《科学》杂志发布的一项研究40年以来,450多种蝴蝶在以每年将近2%的平均速度减少）可知，下文以西部黑脉金斑蝶为例说明其数量急剧减少了99.9%.故选项B（急剧下降）符合语境。.A细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句（为了专注于气候变化带来的影响.研究人员确保将那些相对不受农业和人类发展影响的地区包含在内，从而限制其他威胁对蝴蝶造成的影响，比如栖息地丧失和杀虫剂）可知研究人员排除了人类活动带来的影响。故选A。.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后三句（至于为什么暖秋有如此大的危害.这可能与蝴蝶在秋天有像冬眠般的滞育有关。大多数蝴蝶寿命为一年左右，温度升高之后，这些蝴蝶继续保持清醒并挨饿。换言之，它们正“变老、变虚弱并更快死去”）可知暖秋改变了蝴蝶的自然生命周期。.D推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文主要讲述美国西部关于蝴蝶的一项新的研究发现:暖秋可能是造成物种减少的因素之一。最后一段突出气候影响会损害为保护和修复蝴蝶栖息地所作出的努力，首尾呼应.故选D.Passage9Whereverwego,wearesurroundedbyhistory.Acrosstheglobe,culturalheritageispasseddownthroughthegenerations.Itisinthebuildingsandstructuresaroundus.Itisintheworksofartandartifacts（手工艺品）wetreasure.Itlivesinthelanguageswespeakandthestorieswetell.Buttoday,itisunderattackasneverbefore.Notonlyist