医学考博阅读课程讲义(全)汇总

[C]TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature[D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere题型及解题思路1.例证题(1)标志：题干中出现如下词：例子，说明(1)标志：题干中出现如下词：例子，说明example、caseillustrate、demonstrateshow(2)解题思路：该例子看懂与否不重要，重要的是找到例子所支持的论点做题步骤:1)返回原文确定该例子2)illustrate、demonstrateshow(2)解题思路：该例子看懂与否不重要，重要的是找到例子所支持的论点做题步骤:1)返回原文确定该例子2)80%向上，20%向下，搜素该例子所支持的论点从选项中找出观点的同义改写作为答案例证题的常见错误选项有:只谈例子本身 (2)列举无关常识2•主旨题(1)标志：题干中出现如下词：mainidea、besttitle、conclusion(2)解题思路：1)主旨题最后做2)重点理解首末段首末句3)重点关注转折后的信息42)重点理解首末段首末句3)重点关注转折后的信息4)主旨出现时常伴有一些标志词：转折词、表示总结的词:so示总结的词:so、thus、inconclusion、inaword、therefore5)要熟悉英文文章的常见结构：开门见山型,抛砖引玉型(中间转折型)，问题回答型3.细节题(1)标志：题干针对原文的论据，例子，引言，细节，原因等信息提问，且题干中往往有信号词，如大写字母，数字解题思路：1)准确定位(定位原则：信号词：大写字母,数字或专有名词；自然段顺序原则；长难句定位) 2)将选项逐一与原文核对，不要凭印象做题4•判断正误题(1)标志：问对，问错(2)解题思路：首先判断是三错一对还是三对一错；所谓对是指符合原文或比原文范围小，所谓错是与原文有矛盾或原文没提及，不要用常识判断；判断正误题相当是一道细节题猜词Passage13Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchasarticlestoappearinjournals,reportsaddressedtofundingagencies,thesesordissertationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegrees,andpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhomtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem.Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportinginabrief,yetinformativeway,focusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurpose,reviewoftheliterature(oftenreferredtoas“background”proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytables,charts,andgraphs,andinterpretationsoftheresults(oftenreferredtoasdiscussion).Thecontentandemphasisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreaders(researchorpractitioners)anditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.Articlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch,whilearticlesintendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectdata,theconstructionofdatacollectionprocedures,andthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedata.Itisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandrecommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot.Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvaneedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificaneeofthestudy,therationale,athoroughreviewoftheliterature,detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvoIvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheformofconclusions,implications,andrecommendation.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent'sabilitytocarryoutresearch.Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferences,seminarsandcolloquia.Atsuchmeetingsresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise,yetinformativeway,focusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticle,heretoo,thecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudieneepresentatthemeeting,andwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners.ThebesttitleforthispassagecouldbeTypesofResearchReportsTypesofJournalArticlesWritingofresearchReportsWritingofDifferentArticlesThecommonaspectforthejournalarticles,theseandconferencepapersliesinthattheyareallforthepractitionerstheyarealltobereadbyresearcherstheyareallforbeingpublishedtheyareallformsofreportingresearchWecandistinguishthoseresearchreportsfromeachothermainiythroughtheirwritingstyleandlengththeiraimsandpossibleaudiencestheirpresentedplacesandtimetheircontentandpurposesWhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthispassage?Bothjournalarticlesandconfereneepapersarereportedinabriefandinformativeway.AllthethesesordissertationsandconferencepapersarereportedinspokenIanguages.Boththejournalarticlesandconferencepapersareinflueneedgreatlybytheintendedreceivers.Thevariousformatsofresearchreportsmaybepresentedindifferentways.Howcanaprofessorevaluateastudent'scapabilityofimplementingtheresearch?Byconcentratingonthemainfactorslikethepurpose,background,proceduresanddisscussion.Byemphasizingthepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch.Byfocusingonthedetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchsuchasthetools,procedures,theprocessofdataanalysis,theresults,andconclusionsetc.Bynoticingthedetailedmethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,thetechniquesforanalyzingthedateandresultsetc.Passage14Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That'saquestionmarketresearcherswouldlovetoanswer.Butsineepeopledon'talwayssaywhattheythink,marketerswouldneeddirectaccesstoconsumers'thoughtstogetthetruth.Now,inaway,thatispossible.Atthe“MindoftheMarket”laboratoryatHarvardBusinessSchool,researchersarelookinginsideshoppers'skullstodevelopmoreeffectiveadvertisementsandmarketingpitches.Usingimagingtechniquesthatmeasurebloodflowtovariouspartsofthebrain,theHarvardteamhopestopredicthowconsumerswillreacttoparticularproductsandtodiscoverthemosteffectivewaystopresentinformation.StephenKosslyn,aprofessorofpsychologyatHarvard,andbusinessschoolprofessorGeraldZaltman,overseethelab.“Thegoalisnottomanipulatepeopies'preferenee”，saysKosslyn,“justtospeaktotheiractualdesires.Thegroup'sfindings,thoughstillpreliminary,couldradicallychangehowfirmsdevelopandmarketnewproducts.TheHarvardgroupusepositionemissiontopography(PET)scanstomonitorthebrainactivity.ThesePETscans,alongwithothernon-invasiveimagingtechniques;enableresearcherstoseewhichpartsofthebrainareactiveduringspecifictasks(suchasrememberingaword..Correlationshavebeenfoundbetweenbloodflowtospecificareasandfuturebehavior.Becauseofthis,Harvardresearchersbelievethescanscanalsopredictfuturepurchasingpatterns.Accordingtoanunpublishedpaperthegroupproduced,“Itispossibletousethesetechniquestopredictnotonlywhetherpeoplewillrememberandhavespecificemotionalreactionstocertainmaterials,butalsowhethertheywillbeinclinedtowantthosematerialsmonthslater.TheHarvardgroupisnowmovingintothenextstageofexperiments.Theywillexplorehowpeoplerememberadvertisementsaspartofanefforttopredicthowtheywillreacttoaproductafterhavingseenanad.Theresearchersbelievethatoncekeyareasofthebrainareidentified,scansonabouttwodozenvolunteerswillbeenoughtodrawconclusionsaboutthereactionsofspecificsegmentsofthepopulation.Largecorporations-includingCocaCola,EastmanKodak,GeneralMotors,andHallmark-havealreadysigneduptofundfurtherinvestigations.Fortheirfinancialsupport,thesefirmsgainaccesstotheexperimentsbutcannotcontrolthem.IfKosslynandZaltmanandtheirteamreallycanreadthemindofthemarket,thenconsumersmayfinditevenhardertogetthoseadvertisingjinglesoutoftheirheads.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbethebesttitleforthispassage?ReadingtheMindoftheMarketControllingtheConsumers'PreferencesImprovingtheStylesofAdvertisingFindingOuttheWaytoPredictWhydotheHarvardresearchersusescientifictechnologyintheexperiments?Becausetheydon'tbelievethesurveysdonebythemarketerscanleadtothetruth.

Becausetheyareaskedbythemarketerstofindadirectwaytoreadtheconsumers'thoughts.Becausetheywanttofindouthowtheadsinflueneepeople'sbrainactivityandemotionalresponsesetc.Becausetheyexpectthattheirexperimentscanbasicallyalterthemarketingstrategiesofproducts.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?Sometimespeoplewillconcealwhattheythinkwhenbeingquestionedbythemarketresearchers.StephenKosslynandGeraldZaltmanoverlooktheexperimentsandcriticizethepurposeofthestudy.Harvardresearchershavefoundthecorrespondingrelationsbetweenpeople'sbrainandbehavior.TherearemanylargeorganizationsendorsingandfinancingtheHarvardgroup'sfurtherinvestigation.Whatdoes“tospeaktd'inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphA.totalktomean?A.totalktotosaytoC.tocommunicateto D.torespondtoThelastsentenceofthispassageimpliesthatIftheexperiments'resultscanbeappliedtothepractice,thecustomerswillbeverylikelytobuythingsaccordingtotheads.

IftheHarvardgroupcansucceedinfinishingtheresearch,theywilluseitinattractingmoreandmoreandmoreandmoreconsumersintothemarket.ThefinancialsupportingcorporationssuchasCocaCola,GeneralMotorscanemploytheexperimentsintheirownmarketingTheconsumersmaydiscoverthatthoseadswillalwaysannoythembyjinglingoutoftheirheadsandcausethemheadaches.破解生词模糊处理2.重现逻辑关系(1)反义superciliously傲慢地(2)并列(1)反义superciliously傲慢地(2)并列loquacious健谈的(3)因果autocratic独断专行的phil爱phil爱(拉丁语)Philanthropephotophilous 喜光的，嗜光的,适光的4.利用定义关系：如下动词作谓语，就是下定义:4.利用定义关系：如下动词作谓语，就是下定义:referto、meansdefine、beconsideredasberegardedas4Whatdoes“tospeakto'inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmean?totalktotosaytotocommunicatetotorespondto“Thegoalisnottomanipulatepeopies'preferences,saysKosslyn,“justtospeaktotheiractualdesires.句子理解题:标志句子理解题：题干中明确指出原文的一整句话（固定成语、比喻句、长难句），要求理解其含义解题思路：该句子看懂与否不重要（字面意思），重要的是上下文意思和作者的观点Passage5MotorolaInc.,theworld'ssecond-largestmobilephonemake,willbeginsellingallofthetechnologyneededtobuildabasicmobilephonetooutsidemanufacturers,inakeychangeofstrategy.Theinventorofthecellphone,whichhasbeentroubledbymisstepscompoundedbyarecentindustryslumpinsales,istryingtobecomeaneutralproviderofmobiletechnologytorivals,withaneyetowardfosteringamuchlargermarketthanitcouldcreateitself.TheChicagoarea-basedcompany,consideredtohavethewidestrangeoftechnologiesneededtobuildaphone,saiditplannedtomakeavailablechips,adesignlayoutforthecomputerboard,software,developmenttoolsandtestingtools.Motorolahaspreviouslysuppliedmobilephonemanufacturerswithacoupleofitschips,butthisisthefirsttimethecompanywillofferitsentirelineofchipsaswellasadetailedblueprint.Mobilephonescontainavarietyofchipsandcomponentstocontrolpower,soundandamplification.AnalystssaidtheylikedthenewstrategybutwerecautiousaboutwhetherMotorola'smobilephonecompetitorswouldwanttobuythetechnologyfromarival.Thecompany,longknownforitstop-notch(等级)engineeringculture,ishopingtoprofitfromitsmobilephonetechnologynowthatthebasictechnologytobuildamobilephonehaslargelybecomeacommodity.Motorolasaiditwillbeginofferingthetechnologybasedonthenext-generationGPRS(GlobalPacketRadioService)standardbecausemostmobilephonemakersalreadyhavetechnologyinplaceforcurrentdigitalphones.GPRSoffersfasteraccesstodatathrough“alwayson”networkconnections,andcustomersarechargedonlyfortheinformationtheyretrieve,ratherthanthelengthofdownload.BurgesssaidthenewbusinesswillnotconflictwithMotorola'sownmobilephonebusinessbecausethelatterwillremaincompetitivebyofferingadvaneedfeaturesanddesigns.Motorola'sphoneshavebeencriticizedasbeingtoocomplicatedandexpensivetomanufacture,butBurgesssaidMotorolawillsimplifythetechnologyinthephonesbyathird.Inadditiontobasictechnology,Burgesssaid,MotorolawouldalsoofferadditionalfeaturessuchasBluetooth,atechnologythatallowswirelesscommunicationsatashortdistanee,andGlobalPositioningSystem,whichtrackstheuser'swhereabouts,andMP3audiocapability.1.Theword “slump”inthefirstparagraphmaybereplacedby.A.slouchB.declineC.increaseD.stamp2.Accordingtothispassage,MotorolaIncA.istheworld'slargestmobilephonemakerB.istryingtobecomeamobiletechnologyproviderbesidesbeingamobilephonemakerC.willonlysellchipsofthemobilephonesD.isgoingtosellallitsmanufacturingplants3.Analystsdon'tthinkthatA.MotorolawillbesuccessfulB.thetechnologyofferedbyMotorolawillbeselectedbyitscompetitorsC.itscompetitorswillwanttobuythetechnologyfromitD.itsmobilephonescontainavarietyofchips4.ThetechnologysuppliedbyMotorolaisbasedonA.BluetoothfeaturesB.MP3audiocapabilityC.GlobalPositioningSystemD.GPRSstandard5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?GPRSoffersfasteraccesstodatathroughnetworkconnections,socustomersshouldpaymore.MotorolaInc.istheinventorofthecellphone.PreviouslyMotorolaonlysuppliedmobilephonemanufacturerswithsomeofitschips.MotorolaInc.isknownforitshigh-classengineeringculture.Passage6Hurricanesareviolentstormsthatcausemillionsofdollarsinpropertydamageandtakemanylives.Theycanbeextremelydangerous,andtoooftenpeopleunderestimatetheirfury.HurricanesnormallyoriginateasasmallareaofthunderstormsovertheAtlanticOceanwestoftheCapeVerdeIslandsduringAugustorSeptember.Forseveraldays,theareaofthestormincreasesandtheairpressurefallsslowly.Acenteroflowpressureforms,andwindsbegintowhirlaroundit.Itisblownwestward,increasinginsizeandstrength.Hurricanehuntersthenflyouttothestorminordertodetermineitssizeandintensityandtotrackitsdirection.Theydropinstrumentsforrecordingtemperature,airpressure,andhumidity湿度）,intothestorm.Theyalsolookatthesizeofwavesontheocean,theclouds,andtheeyeofthestorm.Theeyeisaregionofrelativecalmandclearskiesinthecenterofthehurricane.Peopleoftenlosetheirlivesbyleavingshelterwhentheeyehasarrived,onlytobecaughtintremendouswindsagainwhentheeyehaspassed.Oncetheforecastershavedeterminedthatitislikelythehurricanwillreachshore,theyissueahurricanewatchforalarge,generalareathatmaybeinthepathofthestorm.Later,whentheprobablepointofIandfallisclearer,theywillissueahurricanewarningforasomewhatmorelimitedarea.Peopleintheseareasarewisetostockuponnonperishablefoods,flashlightandradiobatteries,candles,andotheritemstheymayneedifelectricityandwaterarenotavailableafterthestorm.Theyshouldalsotrytohurricane-prooftheirhousesbybringinginlight-weightfurnitureandotheritemsfromoutsideandcoveringwindows.Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarewisetoevacuatetheirhousesbecauseofthestormsurge,whichisalargerushofwaterthatmaycomeashorewiththestorm.Hurricanesgenerallylosepowerslowlywhiletravelingoverland,butmanymoveouttosea,gatherupforceagain,andreturntoland.Astheymovetowardthenorth,theygenerallylosetheiridentityashurricanes.1.TheeyeofthehurricaneisthepowerfulcenterofthestormthepartthatdeterminesitsdirectiontherelativelycalmcenterofthestormD.thecenteroflowpressure2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Astormsurgeisadramaticincreaseinwindvelocity.B.Ahurricanewatchismoreseriousthanahurricanewarning.C.Fallingairpressureisanindicatorthatthestormisincreasinginintensity.D.Itissafetogooutsideoncetheeyehasarrived.3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowtoAvoidHurricanedamageB.ForecastingHurricanesC.ThedangerousHurricaneD.AtlanticStorms4.Thelow-lyingareasrefertothoseregionsthatA.closetothegroundlevelB.one-storeyflatC.flathousesD.neartothelowestlevelofhurricane5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamethodofprotectingone'shousefromahurricane?A.takingoutheavythingsB.movinginlight-weightfurnitureC.equippingthehousewithstonescoveringwindows实例讲解Passage3TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.1.InLine7,Para.1, “thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheir-”incomes meansAmericansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomesAmericanstendtooverstatetheirincomesAmericanswanttohavetheirincomesincreasedAmericanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes2.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthatproducerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproductionconsumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducersproducersdecidethepricesofproductssupplyanddemandregulateprices3.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedbyprivatepropertyandrightsconcernedmanpowerandnaturalresourcescontrolownershipofproductiveresourcesfreecontractsandprices4.Thepassageismainlyabout[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits历年真题2004年试题Passage2Depressionisastateoflowvitalityanddiscontentwithlifeinwhichtheindividualwithdrawsfromnormallifeactivitieseventothepointofconsideringdeathasanattractivealternative.Althougheveryoneexperiences“thebluesor'periodsoflowspiritswhennothinginlifeseemstogowell,wheneverythingseemstobeaneffort,andwheneffortsleadtofrustration,theseperiodsareusuallybriefandarelikelytooccurwhenthepersonistired,hungry,Ionely,orsick.Rest,goodfood,talkingwithfriends,somefun,and/oranendtothesicknessareusuallyenoughtocuretheblues.Butwhenthelowspiritspersist,orwhentherearelargeswingsinmoodfromelationtodesolation,whennothingseemstocatchtheinterestoftheperson,whenrelativesorfriendscannotcheerthepersonandheorshecontinuestowithdraw,thenthepersonisdepressed.Evensuchdepressionsarenormalundercertaincircumstances.Anyonewhoisfacedwithaseriousandpainfulillnessorthelossofalimb,isexhaustedbyrepeatednarrowescapesfromdeath(suchasoccursinwartime),hasbeenexposedtoadehumanizingenvironment(suchasoccurredwiththeJewsinNaziGermany),hashadanoverwhelmingseriesofstressfulsetbacks,orhasexperieneedthedeathofseveralfamilymemberswithinashorttimeisexpectedtobedepressed.However,therearemanydepressedpeoplewhoseemtothecasualobservertohavenoreasontobedepressed.Depressionunderthesecircumstancesstemsfromseverebehaviordisturbaneeinwhichthepersonseeshimselforherselfasworthless.Suchanimageisusuallytheresultofthepsychosocialconditioningofachildhooddeprivedofaparentairolemodelofsecurity,love,care,andattentionessentialforthedevelopmentoftrustingrelationships.Thedepressedpersonneedstobuildanewimageofhimselforherselfasausefulandneededperson.Psychotherapyisoftenhelpfulinrestoringnaturalinnerconfideneeandcapacityformeaningfulandtrustingrelationships.Thedepressedpersoncanfindlittlebeautyorfuninlife.Hisorhertalkisfilledwithgloomynegatives.Doomandanxietyfillhisorhermind.Depressionisoftencyclical,andwhentheanxietydoesliftthepersonmaydemonstrateanoppositeextremeofcarefreeirresponsibility.Althoughitoftentakesyearsofpsychotherapyfortheindividualtoworkthroughtheunderlyingsuspicionandangerofhisorherproblems,acceptancebyanotherwillgetthroughtoeventhemostdeeplydepressedpersoniftheotherissincere.Anattitudeofmatter-of-facthopefulnessonthepartofthosearoundthedepressedpersoncanreassurehimorherofeventualrecovery.Thedisturbedthoughtsofthedepressedpersoncannotbeforgottenuntiltheyarereplacedbyotherthoughts.Yet,indepression,thepersondoesnotseethatheorshehaschoicesaboutwhatthoughtsoccupyhisorhermind.Thepersonneedstoexplorealternativesforthoughtsandactionsandlearntocareforhimselforherselfenoughtomodifyhisorherownbehavior.66.Unlikeothers,accordingtothepassage,adepressedperson

islikelytorecoverinashortperiodoftimedoestorevealanyunderlyingcauseC.tendstostaywith“theblues”67.Fromaseriousandpainfulillnesstothedeathofseveralfamilymembers,theauthoristryingtotellusthatdepressionscanpotentiallybedetrimentaltomentalhealththeseverityofdepressionsvarieswithindividualsC.depressionsareoverwhelminglyprevailingdepressionsaresometimesinescapable68.Thosewhopresentnoreasontobedepressed,accordingtothepassage.needprotecttheirself-imagesneedaparentalrolemodelathomeC.canbehelpedpsychologicallytobeusefulandneededpersonscanbehelpedtorestoretheirtrustingrelationshipswiththeirparents69.C.tendstostaywith“theblues”67.Fromaseriousandpainfulillnesstothedeathofseveralfamilymembers,theauthoristryingtotellusthatdepressionscanpotentiallybedetrimentaltomentalhealththeseverityofdepressionsvarieswithindividualsC.depressionsareoverwhelminglyprevailingdepressionsaresometimesinescapable68.Thosewhopresentnoreasontobedepressed,accordingtothepassage.needprotecttheirself-imagesneedaparentalrolemodelathomeC.canbehelpedpsychologicallytobeusefulandneededpersonscanbehelpedtorestoretheirtrustingrelationshipswiththeirparents69.Theauthorimpliesthatwhatthedepressedpersonneedsmostis.A.sincerityB.acceptanceC.reassuraneeD.alloftheabove70.Underpsychotherapy,thedepressedpersonisencouagedA.tofreehisorhermindofanythoughtB.tofindsubstitutesforthedisturbedthoughtsC.toreassurehimselforherselfofearlyrecoveryD.toexploreasmanytherapeuticapproachesaspossible.Passage3Seanalivedistheinpatienthospiceunitformorethana.month,farIongerthananyonewouldhavepredicted,sustainedonlyonpainedificationsandPopsicles.LateMarchinChicagoisonlytechnicallyspring.Mostofthetimeitisstillcoldandovercast.However,thisdaywaswarm,60degreesandsunny.ItwasaSaturdayandweplannedtogooutsideafterIfinishedrounds.IfoundSeanabackontheunitsittinginherwheelchair,IVpoleandpumpsintow,herwintercoatpartiallycoveringherhospitalgown.Hersister-in-lawandCarla,hernurse'saide,werereadytogo,Everyonewasinagreatmood.Wewentdowntheelevator,intothebrightlysunlitoutdoors,andontothedrivewaybythewomen'shospital.Thoughtheinitialideawastojustsitinthesunabit,weweredrawntowardthesidewalk.Thereweretheusualsmokersoutside.thehospital,andthesmellofcigarettesmokewasthefirstthingInoticed.Itseemedhorribletocomeouthere,tohavethatsmellbethefirstthingtogreetSeana.Simultaneouswiththatthought,though,shesaid,“Whaawonderfulsmell!”askedherwhatsmellwassowonderfulandshesaidthatitsmelledlikeMcDonald's.Iwasthinking,shereallydoesappreciateeverything.Wewentontothesidewalkandwatchedafatherpitchingaballtohis4-year-oldson.Thecontin