2021-2022学年广东省揭阳市普宁市高一（下）期末英语试卷（附答案详解）

2021-2022学年广东省揭阳市普宁市高一（下）期末英语

试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AWherearePeopleTravelingThisSummer?Asummervacationshouldbethebesttravelofyouryear,anopportunitytoenjoysunshine,exploreexcitingnewdestinations,discovernewculturesandrelaxinfinerestaurants.Herearesomeofthewonderfulplacesyoucanflyforthissummervacation.Takealookatthemandconsiderwhichonesuitsyoubest.FlytoChicagoThereareplentyofreasonstofollowtheirexamplethissummerifyouarelookingforanexcitingcitybreak.VisitorsflocktoNavyPier,abustling1.5mile-longboardwalkthatisfulloffamily-friendlyattractions.FlytoLondonAtransatlantictriptothecapitaloftheUKbringsyoutoacitythatcombinesancienthistorywithalively,modemurbanculture.SummervisitorscanvisitBuckinghamPalace,hometotheQueen,theHousesofParliament,TowerofLondonandothernationalmonuments.FlytoOrlandoAtriptoOrlandothissummerbringsyoutoavacationwonderlandwithafantasticconcentrationoftouristattractions.ConsistentlyoneofthemostpopulardestinationsofthesummeritwillbeinthetoptentraveldestinationsforAmericansthisyear.Choosefromfamily-friendlyOrlandoresortsandthingstodothatincludeUniversalOrlandoResort,WaltDisneyWorldResortandSeaWorldOrlando.FlytoNewYorkSpendyoursummervacationcyclingaroundCentralPark,takingintheviewofManhattanfromtheferrytotheStatueofLibertyorenjoyingcraftbeerandeclecticcuisineinBrooklyn.Thesummerbringsmusicandfilmeventstomanyofthecity'spublicspaces,includingBryantPark,alongsidefoodeventslikeNYCRestaurantWeekattheendofJuly.FeelinglikevisitingBuckinghamPalace,whichplaceshouldyouflyto?A.Chicago.B.London. C.Orlando.D.NewYork.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbedoneifyouflytoNewYork?CyclearoundCentralPark.TakeintheviewofManhattan.Choosefromfamily-friendlyOrlandoresorts.EnjoycraftbeerandeclecticcuisineinBrooklyn.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoureadthetext?A.Citytoursandtips B.HobbiesoftheGermans.C.Lifearoundtheworld. D.Fashionontheearth.BParentseverywherearepraisingoneFloridamomaftersheshowedherdaughtertrueloveearlierthismonthinalessonaboutbeinggrateful.HaleyHasselwasshoppingfbrback-to-schoolsupplies.ShewantedtosurpriseherdaughterPresleighwithapencilcase,whichsheknewherdaughterwouldbehappyabout.Hasselwassurprised,however,whenherlittlegirlthrewthecaseinthegarbageandstormedintoherbedroom,slammingthedoorbehindher."Sheyelled,'That'sstupid.Everyoneinmyclasshasthat...Idon*twantitanymore!,MHasselexplainedinaFacebookpost.Hasselsaidshedidn'timmediatelyreactbecauseshewantedtodealwiththeangerproperly."Sobythetimetherewasprobablysmokecomingoutofmyears,IwastryingreallyhardnottocompletelyloseitwiththiskidwhomIhaveworkedsohardtocompletelytakecareofonmyown,'*shewrote."IthoughtIhadalwaystaughthertobegratefulandknowhowluckyshewas,!HHasselgrabbedaplasticsandwichbag,wrotePresleigh'snameonitandhandedittoher."Itoldhertogetthepencilcaseoutofthetrashandthatwewouldgiveittoonewhosemommyanddaddydon'thavemoneyforanyschoolsuppliesorsomeonewhomaynotevenhaveamommyordaddy.MShecontinued,UIexplainedtohershe'snotentitledto（享有）anythingspecialandsheistakingfbrgrantedhowluckysheis.Sofornowshewillbeusingabagandwillpersonallybedeliveringtheniceboxtoachildthatcouldbenefitfromit.*'WhatdidHassefsdaughterdoaftershereceivedthepencilcase?A.Putitintoherbaghappily. B.Threwthecaseinthegarbage.C.SentHasselagiftinreturn. D.HuggedandkissedHassel.WhatcanweinferfromtheHassefsexplanationsinaFacebookpost?Presleighwasastupid.Presleighhopedforsomethingspecial.Presleighhatedhermothersomuch.Presleighrefusedtoacceptanygiftthathermotherboughther.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceHbutsheneededasmallwakeupcal!"mean?Butsheneededtobuyhersomethingspecial.Butsheneededtocallherdaughtertowakeupeveryday.Butsheneededatimelyremindforherdaughtertobegrateful.Butsheneededtobuyheranalarmclocktowakeherupeveryday.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeHassel?A.Patientandcalm. B.Out-goingandactive.C.Funnyandbrave. D.Hardworkinganddetermined.cTheRussia-Ukraineconflict（俄乌冲突）couldleadtoaglobalfoodcrisis（危机）thatwillhitdevelopingcountriesthehardest,UnitedNations（UN）Secretary-GeneralAntonioGuterreswarnedinStockholmonWednesday.TheRussia-Ukraineconflictiscreatingsufferingand"mustendnow,'*Guterressaidatapressconferenceafterthemeeting.Healsocalledforswiftdecisionstoresolvethefoodcrisisthatcouldarisefromtheconflict,puttingdevelopingcountriesmostatrisk.Thesituationisfueling"aglobalcrisisforfood,energyandfinance"thatisaffecting"themostvulnerablepopulations,countriesandeconomies,"hewarned."A"perfectstorm1'isthreateningtodestroytheeconomiesofmanydevelopingcountries,*'headded.ThefoodcrisiscannotberesolvedeffectivelyunlessRussia'sfertilizersandfoodproduction,andUkraine'sfoodproductioncanreachworldmarketsagain,heemphasized.AccordingtotheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization（FAO）,RussiaandUkrainearetheworld'slargestandfifth-largestwheatexporters,respectively（分别地）.Together,theyprovide19percentoftheworld'sbarleysupply,!4percentofwheatand4percentofcom,makingupmorethanonethirdofglobalgrainexports.InUkraine,whichisknownasthebreadbasketofEurope,theconflicthasleftunharvestedwheatthatwasplantedmonthsago,whilecomsandsunflowerssown（播种）whentheconflictbrokeoutwereleftunfertilized.ltisestimatedthatUkraine'sgrainproductionmayfallbymorethan50percentinthecurrentseason.Moreover,Russiaistheleadingproduceroffertilizers,accountingfor13percentofglobalproduction.LimitingRussianfertilizerexportsduetotheUS'sanctions（制裁）hasledtoariseinglobalfertilizerprices.ThishasforcedfarmersinBrazil,theUnitedStatesandothermajoragriculturalcountriestoreducetheiruseoffertilizers,whichcouldaffectfutureharvests.WhatistheGuterres,attitudetowardsendingtheRussia-Ukraineconflict?A.Hesitant.B.Disagreed.C.Uncertain.D.Certain.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph6?Foodcrisiswillbecomeabigworry.Priceswillbeabletochangeourfoodpatterns.Cornandwheatwillbethemostimportantfood.Theybothplayanimportantroleingrainexportsintheworld.WhichoneisNOTtheUkraine'sproblemscausedbytheRussia-Ukraineconflict.Theconflicthasleftunharvestedwheat.Comsandsunflowerswereleftunfertilized.LimitingRussianfertilizerexportshasledtoariseinglobalfertilizerprices.Ukraine'sgrainproductionmayfallbymorethan50percentinthecurrentseason.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?HowtoSolvetheFoodCrisisEffectively.TheFoodCrisisCannotBeResolvedEffectively.CallsIncreaseforEndingtheRussia-Ukraineconflict.UNWarnsofPotentialGlobalFoodCrisisDuetoRussia-UkraineConflict.DIfyouthoughtrunningwasjustgreatforthebody,thenthinkagain.Scientistshavefoundthatthesportnotonlykeepspeoplefitbutalsoimprovesyourbrainpower（脑力）.Theresearchfoundthatpeoplewhokeepfitaremorelikelytohavelargerbrains,bettermemoriesandclearerthinking.Theyalsofoundthatunfitpeopletendedtohavesmallerbrainsandreducedcognitiveskills.Thefindingsaddtoagrowingbodyofevidencewhichlinksexercisewithhelpingprotectthebrainagainstageing（老化）andalsohelpingitreplacedyingcells（死细胞）.ThismightreducetheriskofmanyillnessesanddiseasessuchasAlzheimer's.第4页，共21页OneresearchpaperwithinitslatestissueseesscientistsatKentuckyUniversityputting30adultsaged59-69onatreadmill（跑步机）.TheirheartandlungcapacitywasmeasuredandanMRIscannerwasusedtoassessthebloodflowtotheirbrains.Thosewhowerelessfithadsmallerbrainscomparedtothefittervolunteerswhohadlargerbrains.ScientistsinGermanyfollowed21adultsagedbetween60-77.Astheywentthroughathree-monthfitnessprogram,theysawimprovementsintheirmemory.Researchersarenotyetsurewhyexercisehelpstoprotectbraincellsbutsomeresearchinmicehasproducedresults.Mice,examinedattheNationalInstituteonAgeing,inBaltimore,foundthatcellsinthehippocampus（海马体），anareaofthebrainusedformemory,wereactivelyreproducingwhiletheirfatterpeerswereindecline.LindaClare,professorofclinicalpsychologyofageinganddementiaatExeterUniversityandamemberoftheGlobalCouncilonBrainHealthtoldTheSundayTimes：''Moderateintensityaerobic（有氧的）activitysuchaswalking,cyclingorrunningcanproducechangesinbrainstructureandfunction.1'Whotendtohavelargerbrains,bettermemoriesandclearerthinking?A.Peoplewhoarehealthy. B.Peoplewhoarethin.C.Peoplewhoareunhealthy. D.Peoplewhoarefat.Whatdowelearnfromtheexperimentinparagraph3?Thosewhowerelessfithadlargerbrains.Thosewhowerefitterhadsmallerbrains.Exercisehelpspeopleimprovetheirmemory.Oldpeopledoingexerciseimprovememorybetterthanyoungpeople.AccordtoLindaClare,whatkindofactivitycanNOTproducechangesinbrainstructureandfunction?A.Walking.B.Singing. C.Cycling. D.Running.What'stheauthorspurposeinwritingthetext?Totellyousportimprovesyourbrainpower.Tointroducesomegoodwaystokeephealthy.Toteachyouhowtobestspendtimeindoingsports.Tointroduceseveralwaystoimproveyourmemory.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）HowtoKeepYourPetHealthyYouloveyourpets,andofcourse,youwanttokeepthemhappyandhealthy.Ifsimportanttoprovideagoodenvironment.Also,makesureyourpetsstayshealthy.(1).(21.Dietisthebeginningofkeepingyourpethealthy.Whenyoufirstgetapet,doyourresearchtofindoutthemostsuitabledietanddoyourbesttofollowitstrictly.Forexample,catsarecarnivores,sotrytopickthefoodwiththehighestlevelsofprotein.Provideplentyoffreshwatereveryday.(3).Formostpets,thatmeansprovidingabowlordishofwaterthatyouchangeoutatleastonceaday.Petsneedtostayhydratedtobehealthy.Providebathsasneeded.Bathingkeepsyourpetclean,andforanimalsthatlikewater,itcanmakethemmuchhappiertoprovidebathsasneeded.Howoftenyoubatheyourpetreallydependsonthespecies.(4).Otheranimals,likebirds,mayneedbathsorshowersseveraltimesaweekoreveneveryday.Seeyourveterinarian(兽医)foracheckupandvaccinations(接种疫苗).Justlikeyouneedtogotothedoctorforregularcheckups,yourpetdoes,too.Providingregularcheckupsallowsyourvettocatchproblemsearlybeforetheydevelopintoworseconditions."(5).Talktoyourvetaboutwhichonesareproperforyourpet.A.ProvideasuitabledietB.ExerciseishealthyforyourpetC.HerearesomewaystokeepyourpetshealthyD.Forexample,dogsoftenneedbathsatleastonceamonthE.Besides,vaccinationscanhelpkeepyourpethappyandhealthyF.Nomatterwhatkindofpetyouhave,itwillneedwaterinsomeformG.Whileyourpetwillplaywithtoysonitsown,itwillenjoyplayingwithyoumuchmore16.A.AEF.FB.BG.Gc.cD.DE.17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G

A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E F.FA.AB.BC.CD.DE.E F.FA.AE F.FG.GB.B C.CG.GD.D E.三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共15.0分)ThesonofMr.Smith,arichneighbor,usedtocometoseetheblacksmith(铁匠)everydayandforhoursandhourshewouldenjoyhimself(21)howheworked."Youngman,whydon'tyoutryyourhandto(22)tomakeshoetacks(鞋钉)？"saidtheblacksmith."Whoknows,oneday,itmaybeofusetoyou."Thelazyboybegantoseewhathecoulddo.Butafteralittle(23)hefoundthathewasbecomingveryskilled(熟练的)andsoonhewasmakingsomeofthe(24)tacks.OldMr.Smithdiedandthesonlostallhis(25)becauseofthewar.Hehadto(26)homeandwasforcedtoliveinanothercountry.ltsohappenedthatinthis(27)thereweremanyshoemakerswhowerespendingalotof(28)tobuytacksfortheirshoesandevenattimeswhentheypaidhighpricestheywerenotalwaysableto(29)whattheywanted,becauseinthatpartofthecountrytherewasa(30)demandforsoldiers'shoes.YoungMr.Smith,whowasfindingit(31)toearnhisdailybread,rememberedthatonceuponatimehehadlearnedtheartofmakingtacksandhadthesudden(32)ofmakingabargainwiththeshoemakers.Hetoldthemthathewouldmakethetacksiftheywouldhelptogethim(33)hisworkshop.Theshoemakerswereonlytoogladofthe(34).Andafterawhile,YoungMr.Smithfoundthathewassoonmakingthefinesttacksinthevillage.“(35),“heusedtosay,"makingtackscanbringabigfortune.Mytradeismoreusefultomethanallmyformerfortune.M21.A.helpingB.watchingC.spottingD.ignoring22.A.reachB.breakC.learnD.replace23.A.practiceB.adventureC.hesitationD.operation24.A.finestB.worstC.longestD.shortest25.A.breakB.shoesC.benefitD.goods26.A.returnB.escapeC.comeD.leave27.A.villageB.houseC.cityD.town28.A.moneyB.requestC.economyD.emotion29.A.enjoyB.getC.pursueD.desire30.A.positiveB.impossibleC.toughD.high31.A.funnyB.excitingC.difficultD.particular32.A.joyB.ideaC.testD.choice33.A.satisfiedwithB.concernedaboutC.settledinD.experiencedin34.A.helpB.goalC.offerD.attitude35.A.IllegallyB.SurprisinglyC.EventuallyD.Slowly四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)36.ThehomecrowderuptedwhenChina'sEileenGuwonthewomen'sbigairfreeskiinggoldinBeijing.Gu(1)(jump)intothetoppositionwithherthirdrun,scoring94.50.Hertotalscorewas188.25intheevenfsdebutattheWinterOlympics.Guisan18-year-oldgirl(2)isafreestyleskier,modelandgrade-Astudentwith⑶AmericanfatherandaChinesemother.ShegrewupintheUnitedStates.ltwastherethatshegrewtoloveskiing.By2018,shewasrepresentingtheUS(4)theworldcupfbrthesport.Then,shedecidedtoswitchfromrepresentingtheUStorepresentingChina.Thedecisionmadeherfanshockedand(5)(confuse),butGuwasdetermined,(6)(share)herreasoningonInstagramatthetime."Thiswasan⑺(extreme)toughdecisionformetomake...Throughskiing,!hopetounitepeople,promotecommonunderstand)ng,createcommunication,andforge(8)(friendship)betweennations...Pmtryingmybesttomaketheworlda(9)(good)placeinmyownway.*'saidGu.uIfIcanhelptoinspireoneyounggirl(10)(break)aboundary,mywisheswillhavecometrue.11sheadded.五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共40.0分).假定你是李华，2022年9月100,你市将举办中秋节文化活动。你校外教Abbott对中国传统文化很感兴趣，请你给他写一封信，邀请他一起来参加，内容包括：1.写信目的；2.活动时间和地点；3.活动内容和意义。注意：(1)词数80左右；(2)可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯。.Lastweek,asIwashavingbreakfastinmytruck,Inoticedaboy,sittingbytheroadwithhisdog.Hewasholdingasignaskingformoneyorfoodtohelpfeedhimandhisdog.Peopledrovepastignoringthem.WhenIfinishedmybreakfast,!decidedtobuysomefoodforthem.AsIwasleaving,!pulledupbesidehimandhandedhimabagofbreakfastandasmallbagofdogfood.Iaskedhimifhewouldbewillingtoworkhardforthepay.HeimmediatelysaidthathecouldbethehardestworkerIhadeverseen.Thenextdayhecarriedwoodaroundandfetchedtoolsformealldaywithoutcomplainingonce.Hisdogsimplyfollowedhim.DuringthedayIlearnedabouthissadexperiences.Whentheboywas15yearsold,hismotherbecamecriticallyill.Hisfather,whotookcareoftheboy'smother,couldnotgoouttowork,andthepoorboyhadtodropoutofschoolbecauseofbeingunabletoaffordhisschooltuition.Beingtooyoung,hefailedtofindajob.hehadtobegnearhishometohelphisparents.Amonthlater,Ipaidhim$2000,thelookonhisfacewaswellworthit.Myaimlessactofkindnessseemedtoputspark(活力)backinhiseyes.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右。2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。AfterthatIcontinuedtoofferhimsomeworkandpayhim.Tearsofjoyfloodedtheboy'seyes.答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、C、A［解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据FlytoLondon部分SummervisitorscanvisitBuckinghamPalace,hometotheQueen,theHousesofParliament,TowerofLondonandothernationalmonuments.（夏季游客可以参观白金汉宫、女王故居、议会大厦、伦敦塔和其他国家纪念馆。）可知，如果想参观白金汉宫，你应该飞往伦敦。故选B。（2）C.推理判断题。根据FlytoNewYork部分SpendyoursummervacationcyclingaroundCentralPark,takingintheviewofManhattanfromtheferrytotheStatueofLibertyorenjoyingcraftbeerandeclecticcuisineinBrooklyn.（暑假期间，你可以在中央公园周围骑自行车，欣赏曼哈顿的景色，乘渡轮去自由女神像，或在布鲁克林品尝手工啤酒和各色美食。）可知，如果你飞到纽约，你可以在中央公园周围骑自行车、欣赏曼哈顿的景色并在布鲁克林享受手工啤酒和各种美食，文中没有提及选择家庭友好型奥兰多度假村。故选C。（3）A.文章类型题o根据第一段Asummervacationshouldbethebesttravelofyouryear,anopportunitytoenjoysunshine,exploreexcitingnewdestinations,discovernewculturesandrelaxinfinerestaurants.Herearesomeofthewonderfulplacesyoucanflyforthissummervacation.（暑假应该是你一年中最好的旅行时间，是一个享受阳光、探索令人兴奋的新目的地、发现新文化和在高档餐馆放松的机会。这里有一些很棒的地方，你可以在这个暑假飞到那里去。）可知，本文主要介绍了适合暑假去旅行的一些城市，文章可能出自网站的城市旅游和建议部分。A.Citytoursandtips城市旅游和小贴士；B.HobbiesoftheGermans德国人的爱好；C.Lifearoundtheworld世界各地的生活；D.Fashionontheearth地球上的时尚。故选A。本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了适合暑假去旅行的一些城市。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。4~7.【答案】B、B、C、A【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第一段Hasselwassurprised,however,whenherIttegirlthrewthecaseinthegarbageandstormedintoherbedroom,slammingthedoorbehindher.（然而，当她的小女儿把铅笔盒扔进垃圾桶，然后冲进卧室，把门重重地关上时，Hassel感到很惊讶。）可知，Hassel的女儿在收到铅笔盒时，把铅笔盒扔进了垃圾桶。故选B。B.推理判断题。根据第二段"Sheyelled,That'sstupid.Everyoneinmyclasshasthat..Idon'twantitanymore!"HasselexplainedinaFacebookpost.（"她喊道，"这太患蠢了。我班上每个人都有.....我不想要了!”Hassel在脸书上解释道。）可推断，Hassel的女儿希望得到一些特别的东西。故选B。C.推理判断题。划线句子的前一句IthoughtIhadalwaystaughthertobegratefulandknowhowluckyshewas.（我以为我一直教她要感恩，要知道她有多幸运。）可知，她一直觉得自己教育得很好，让孩子知道感恩，而女儿的这一反应让她很震惊也很失望。再根据下文Shecontinued,"Iexplainedtohershe'snotentitledto（享有）anythingspecialandsheistakingforgrantedhowluckysheis.Sofornowshewillbeusingabagandwillpersonallybedeliveringtheniceboxtoachildthatcouldbenefitfromit.（她继续说道："我向她解释说，她没有权利享有任何特别的东西，也不应该认为自己的幸运是理所当然的。所以现在她需要用一个袋子，并亲自把这个漂亮的盒子送给可能从中受益的孩子。可知，她觉得应该给孩子敲敲警钟，提提醒，让孩子要懂得感恩。故选C。A.推理判断题。根据第三段"Sobythetimetherewasprobablysmokecomingoutofmyears,Iwastryingreallyhardnottocompletelyloseitwiththiskidwhom1haveworkedsohardtocompletelylakecareofonmyown,"shewrote.（她写道："所以当我火冒三丈的时候，我非常努力地不让自己完全失去对这个孩子的感情，我这么努力地要自己完全照顾这个孩子。"）可推断她很有耐心；再根据第二段Hasselsaidshedidn'timmediatelyreactbecauseshewantedtodealwiththeangerproperly.（Hassel说，她没有立即做出反应，因为她想恰当地应对愤怒。）可推断，她遇事很冷静。故选A.本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位母亲教育自己的孩子要知道感恩的故事。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断：或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。8〜11.【答案】D、D、C、D【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。根据第二段TheRussia-Ukraineconflictiscreatingsufferingand"mustendnow,"Guterressaidatapressconferenceafterthemeeting.（古特雷斯在会后的新闻发布会上说，俄乌冲突正在造成痈苦，”现在必须结束"。）可知，古特雷斯对结束俄乌冲突持肯定的态度。A.Hesitant"犹豫的"；B.Disagreed“反对的”；C.Uncertain”不确定的"；D.Certain”肯定的"。故选D。(2)D.推理判断题。根据第六段AccordingtotheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),RussiaandUkrainearetheworld'slargestandfifth-largestwheatexporters,respectively.Together,theyprovide19percentoftheworld'sbarleysupply,14percentofwheatand4percentofcom,makingupmorethanonethirdofglobalgrainexports.(根据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO),俄罗斯和乌克兰分别是世界上最大和第五大小麦出口国。加在一起，它们提供了全球19%的大麦供应、14%的小麦和4%的玉米，占全球粮食出口的三分之一以上。)可知，俄罗斯和乌克兰都在世界粮食出口中发挥着重要作用。故选D。(3)C.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段InUkraine,whichisknownasthebreadbasketofEurope.theconflicthasleftunharvestedwheatthatwasplantedmonthsago,whilecomsandsunflowerssownwhentheconflictbrokeoutwereleftunfertilized.ltisestimatedthatUkraine'sgrainproductionmayfallbymorethan50percentinthecurrentseason.(在被称为欧洲粮仓的乌克兰，冲突导致数月前种植的小麦未经收割，而冲突爆发时播种的玉米和向日葵则未施肥。据估计，乌克兰的粮食产量在当前季节可能下降50%以上。)可知，C选项邛艮制俄罗斯化肥出口导致全球化肥价格上涨。”不是俄乌冲突引起的乌克兰问题。故选C。(4)D.标题归纳题。根据文章第一段TheRussia-Ukraineconflictcouldleadtoaglobalfoodcrisisthatwillhitdevelopingcountriesthehardest,UnitedNations(UN)Secretary-GeneralAntonioGuterreswarnedinStockholmonWednesday(联合国秘书长安东尼奥•古特雷斯周三在斯德哥尔摩警告说，俄罗斯•乌克兰冲突可能导致全球粮食危机，对发展中国家的打击最为严重。)，结合本文随后分析了俄乌冲突可能导致全球粮食危机的原因和影响可知，D选项”联合国警告俄罗斯•乌克兰冲突可能引发全球粮食危机。"适合作本文的标题。故选D。本文是一篇新闻报道。文章强调俄乌冲突可能导致全球粮食危机，并分析了其原因和影响。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。12~15.【答案】A、C、B、A］（1）A.细节理解题。根据第二段Theresearchfoundthatpeoplewhokeepfitaremorelikelytohavelargerbrains,bettermemoriesandclearerthinking.（研究发现，保持健康的人更有可能拥有更大的大脑、更好的记忆力和更清晰的思维）可知，健康的人可能拥有更大的大脑、更好的记忆力和更清晰的思维。故选A。C.细节理解题。根据第三段Astheywentthroughathree-monthfitnessprogram,theysawimprovementsintheirmemory.（当他们进行为期三个月的健身计划时，他们的记忆力有所改善）可知，从实验中可以得知，锻炼有助于人们提高记忆力。故选C。B.细节理解题。根据最后一段Moderateintensityaerobicactivitysuchaswalking,cyclingorrunningcanproducechangesinbrainstructureandfunction.（中等强度的有氧运动，如步行、骑自行车或跑步，可以改变大脑结构和功能）可知，步行、骑自行车或跑步可以改变大脑结构和功能，没有提及唱歌。故选B。A.写作意图题。根据第一段Scientistshavefoundthatthesportnotonlykeepspeoplefitbutalsoimprovesyourbrainpower.（科学家已经发现，这项运动不仅能让人保持健康，还能提高你的脑力）以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了运动不仅可以让人保持健康，还可以提高人们的脑力，作者写作的目的是告诉你，运动可以提高你的脑力。故选A。这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了运动不仅可以让人保持健康，还可以提高人们的脑力。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。16~20.【答案】C、A、F、D、E【解析】（1）C.逻辑关系题。Also,makesureyourpetsstayshealthy.（此外，确保你的宠物保持健康。）说明要让宠物保持健康，C项：Herearesomewaystokeepyourpetshealthy（以下是一些保持宠物健康的方法。）承接上文，引出下文内容，符合语境。故选C。A.标题归纳题。下文Dietisthebeginningofkeepingyourpethealthy.Whenyoufirstgetapet,doyourresearchtofindoutthemostsuitabledietanddoyourbesttofollowitstrictly.（饮食是保持宠物健康的开始。当你第一次养宠物时，要研究并查明最合适的饮食，并尽量严格遵守。）说明要研究合适的饮食以保持宠物健康，A项：Provideasuitablediet（提供合适的饮食。）总结下文内容，可以作为本段标题句。故选A。F.逻辑关系题。下文Formostpets,thatmeansprovidingabowlordishofwaterthatyouchangeoutatleastonceaday.（对于大多数宠物来说，这意味着提供一碗或一盘水，你每天至少换一次。）说明要给宠物提供水，F项中water是关键词，F项：Nomatterwhatkindofpetyouhave,itwillneedwaterinsomeform（无论你养什么样的宠物，它都需要某种形式的水。）引出下文，符合语境。故选F。D.推理判断题。上文Howoftenyoubatheyourpetreallydependsonthespecies.（你给宠物洗澡的频率实际上取决于物种。）说明要定期给宠物洗澡，D项：Forexample,dogsoftenneedbathsatleastonceamonth（例如，狗通常每月至少需要洗一次澡。）说明宠物狗需要每个月至少洗澡一次，承接上文，符合语境。故选D。E.细节理解题。Seeyourveterinarianforacheckupandvaccinations.（请看兽医检查并接种疫苗。）说明要看兽医并接种疫苗，以及下文Talktoyourvetaboutwhichonesareproperforyourpet.（和你的兽医谈谈哪些适合你的宠物。）说明要和兽医谈论哪种疫苗适合自己的宠物，E项中vaccinations是关键词，E项：Besides,vaccinationscanhelpkeepyourpethappyandhealthy（此外，接种疫苗可以帮助宠物保持快乐和健康。）承上启下，符合语境。故选E。这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了保持宠物健康的方法。“七选五”选择题，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是L理清文章的逻辑和结构，2.在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选。得出正确的答案。21~35.【答案】B、C、A、A、D、D、A、A、B、D、C、B、C、C、B【解析】（1）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.helping帮助；B.watching观看：C.spotting发现；D.ignoring忽略。句意:一个富有的邻居史密斯先生的儿子过去每天都来看铁匠，一个小时又一个小时地看着他如何工作。结合空格前的"everydayandforhoursandhours”和空格后的“howheworked”可知史密斯先生的儿子应该是“看“铁匠如何工作。故选BoC.考查动词及语境理解。A.reach到达；B.break中断；C.learn学习；D.replace更换。句意：年轻人，你为什么不试试你的手来学做鞋钉？结合空格前的"whydontyoutryyourhand"可知是铁匠询问年轻人为什么不学做鞋钉。故选C。A.考查名词及语境理解。A.practice练习；B.adventure冒险；C.hesitation犹豫;D.operation操作。句意：但经过一点练习后，他发现自己变得非常熟练，很快他就开始制作一些最好的鞋钉。结合前文”Thelazyboybegantoseewhathecoulddo."和后文"hefoundthathewasbecomingveryskilled”可知经过一点练习，他发现自己变得非常熟练。故选AoA.考查形容词最高级及语境理解。A.finest最好的：B.worst最差的；C.longest最长的：D.shortest最短的。句意：但经过一点练习后，他发现自己变得非常熟练，很快他就开始制作一些最好的鞋钉。结合前文"hefoundthathewasbecomingveryskilled"可知很快他就开始制作一些最好的鞋钉。故选A。D.考查名词词义辨析。A.break休息，暂停;B.shoes鞋子；C.benefit利益；D.goods商品，私人财产。句意：由于战争，老史密斯先生去世了，儿子失去了所有的财产。结合前文"OldMr.Smithdied"和空格后的"becauseofthewar”推断因为父亲去世和战争，儿子失去了所有的财产。故选D。D.考查动词及语境理解。A.retum返回;B.escape逃生；C.come来；D.leave离开。句意：他不得不离家，被迫住在另一个国家。结合空格后句子"wasforcedtoliveinanothercountry",可知是被迫离开家。故选D。A.考查名词及语境理解。A.village村庄；B.house房屋；C.city城市；D.town城镇。句意：碰巧在这个村子里，有很多鞋匠花了很多钱买鞋钉，甚至有时他们付高价时，也不能总是得到他们想要的东西，因为在这个国家的那个地区，士兵的鞋子需求量很大。根据(14)空后的"Andafterawhile,YoungMr.Smithfoundthathewassoonmakingthefinesttacksinthevillage."可知Village是同词复现，这里表示碰巧在这个村子里。故选A。A.考查名词及语境理解。A.money金钱；B.request要求；C.economy经济：Demotion情感。句意：碰巧在这个村子里，有很多鞋匠正在花大量的钱买鞋钉，甚至有时他们付高价时，也不能总是得到他们想要的东西，因为在这个国家的那个地区，士兵的鞋子需求量很大。结合空格前的“spending”和空格后的“buytacks”推断是有很多鞋匠正在花大量的钱买鞋钉。故选A。B.考查动词及语境理解。A.enjoy享受;B.get获得：C.pursue追求；D.desire期望。句意：碰巧在这个村子里,有很多鞋匠正在花大量的钱买鞋钉,甚至有时他们付高价时，也不能总是得到他们想要的东西，因为在这个国家的那个地区，兵的鞋子需求量很大。结合前文"evenattimeswhentheypaidhighpricestheywerenotalwaysableto”可以推断是有时花高价钱也不能得到他们想要的东西。故选B。D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.positive积极的，肯定的：B.impossible不可能的：C.tough坚韧的；D.high高的。句意：碰巧在这个村子里，有很多鞋匠正在花大量的钱买鞋钉，甚至有时他们付高价时，也不能总是得到他们想要的东西，因为在这个国家的那个地区，士兵的鞋子需求量很大。结合前文提到有很多鞋匠正在花大量的钱买鞋钉，甚至有时他们付高价时，也不能总是得到鞋钉，可知用ahighdemandfor,意为"高的需求”，表示士兵的鞋子需求量很大。故选D。C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.funny有趣的；B.exciting令人兴奋的:C.difficult困难的；D.particular特别的。句意：年轻的史密斯先生发现每天都很难谋生，他记起了从前他学会了做鞋钉的手艺，突然想到要和鞋匠讨价还价的主意。结合前文提到战争，人们花高价买鞋钉，可推断年轻的史密斯先生很难谋生。故选C。B.考查名词及语境理解。A.joy快乐;B.idea想法；C.test测试：D.choice选择。句意：年轻的史密斯先生发现每天都很难谋生，他记起了从前他学会了做鞋钉的手艺，突然想到要和鞋匠讨价还价的主意。结合空格前的"rememberedthatonceuponatimehehadlearnedtheartofmakingtacks"和空格后的"ofmakingabargainwiththeshoemakers"可知是他记起了从前他学会了做鞋钉的手艺，突然想到要和鞋匠讨价还价的主意。故选B。C.考查固定短语及语境理解。A.satisfiedwith对.…感到满意；B.concernedabout对.…担心；C.settledin定居，安顿下来；D.experiencedin在.....经验丰富。句意：他告诉他们，如果他们能帮他在他的车间安顿下来，他就做鞋钉。结合空格后的宾语"hisworkshop"可知settledin表示"安顿下来"符合题意。故选C.C.考查名词及语境理解。A.help帮助；B.goal目标：C.offer报价，提议；D.attitude态度。句意：鞋匠们对这个提议非常高兴。结合前文的“Hetoldthemthathewouldmakethetacksiftheywouldhelptogethim(13)hisworkshop."可知是鞋匠们对这个提议非常高兴。故选C。B.考查副词及语境理解。A.legally非法地；B.Surprisingly令人惊讶地，出乎意料地：C.Eventually最终地；D.Slowly缓慢地。句意："出人意料的是，"他常说，"做鞋钉可以带来很大的财富。我的生意对我来说比我以前所有的财富都有用。"结合后文"makingtackscanbringabigfortune.Mytradeismoreusefultomethanallmyformerfortune.“可知做鞋钉能够带来巨大财富这件事是出人意料的。故选B。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了年轻的史密斯先生学会了一门做鞋钉的手艺，后来父亲去世，因为战争他失去了所有的东西，但是当他不得不离开家乡谋生时，他的这门手艺却给他带来了财富和惊喜。完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。它题材广泛，体裁多样。文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强，具有鲜明的时代感，包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等。.【答案】【小题I]jumped【小题2】who/that【小题3]an【小题4]in【小题5]confused【小题6]sharing【小题7]extremely[小题8]friendships【小题9]better【小题10]tobreak【解析】(1)jumped.考查时态。句意:谷爱凌以第三跳94.50分的高分跃居榜首。结合本文描述的是过去发生的冬奥会的事情，时态应该用一般过去时，动词jump用过去式jumped。故填jumped。who/that.考查定语从句。句意：谷爱凌是一个18岁的女孩，她是一名自由式滑雪运动员、模特和一名成绩优异的学生，父亲是美国人，母亲是中国人。空格处引导定语从句,先行词是an18-year・oldgirl,且在从句中作主语，指人用that或who引导。故填who/thatoan.考查冠词。句意：谷爱凌是一个18岁的女孩，她是一名自由式滑雪运动员、模特和一名成绩优异的学生，父亲是美国人，母亲是中国人。结合and之后的aChinesemother,可知空格处缺少不定冠词表示泛指,American以元音音素开头，用an