高一英语人教新课标必修第四册期末复习之阅读理解精选习题

2020-2021学年高一英语人教新课标必修第四册期末复习之阅读理解精选习题一、阅读理解MysistersandIhaveasecretbeachofourown.It’sourmagicbeach.Wegotheremostdays.Notfarfromourhouse,it’sjustattheendofthepaththatrunsbyourhouse.Thesandissmoothandwhite,andthewaterisclearandwarm.Thedaysaresunny.MysistersandIaretheonlyoneswhoplaythere.Atourmagicbeach,weplayinthesandforhours,diggingandbuildingwithbucketsandspades,unbeatablecastlesandtowers.Wesearchintheclear,warmpools,staringatstarfish,crabsandtinyfish.Sometimes,weareafraidofpirates’(海盗)comingashoretoburytreasure.Sometimes,wepretendthatwearelostona“lonelyisland”.Wedon’twaittoberescued.No!Werescueourselves.Girlsaretough!Girlsareclever!Thebestthingaboutourbeachisthatit’smagical.Reallymagical.Onenight,whenbothmysistersandIwereonthebeach,somethingreallyspecialhappened.Sparks(火花)flewoutfromourfeeteverytimewemoved.Ifwestampedhard,thenbigsparksflew.Bluesparks!Yellowsparks!Thiswasmagic.Weknewit!Themagicwaseverywhere.Myfathersaidthatitwasjustlittle,tinycreaturesthathadbeenwashedashore.“It’sjustnature,Jane,”hesaid.ForjustamomentIfeltdisappointed.ThenIwonderedhowsuchsmallcreaturescouldgivesomuchbeautifullight.“Iguessthat’sthebestkindofmagic,”Ireplied.(1).Howdothegirlsendtheirgamesonthe“lonelyisland”?A.Theyyelledforhelp.B.Theyfoundtheirownwayout.C.Theyrangtheirparents.D.Theywaitedforpiratestosavethem.(2).Wheredothesparkscomefrom?A.Pirates’treasure.B.Plantsonthebeach.C.Tinyoceancreatures.D.Creaturesfromouterspace.(3).Whydidtheauthorfeeldisappointed?A.Thesparksdisappeared.B.Thebeachwascrowded.C.Herfathertoldherthetruth.D.Thesmallcreatureswereterrible.(4).Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Thechildren’sdreamB.ThesmallcreaturesC.ThemagicbeachD.Thetoughgirls【分析】家附近的海滩是作者的梦幻之地,吸引着她和姐妹们每天去那里玩耍。(1).【答案】B

【解析】根据第2段最后四句,作者认为女孩们很坚强、很聪明,能自己救自己。由此可推知,在这个游戏中她们自己从“孤岛”上返回。(2).【答案】C

【解析】根据最后一段倒数第5句可知,爸爸告诉作者那些发光的物体是来自海洋的微生物。(3).【答案】C

【解析】根据最后一段内容可知,作者原想着那是一些魔幻的亮光,但她爸爸说那是自然的现象,所以作者感到有点失望。(4).【答案】C

【解析】根据全文可知,文章主要描述了作者家附近梦幻的海滩给她带来的快乐。阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。Frommasksthatcanmakedrunkpeoplecleartowoodenswimmingsuits,thesestrangeinventionsarealsothemostdelightfultolookbackon.SwimmingAidsInventedin1925byItalianM.GoventosadeUdine,theseswimmingaidsweremadefrombiketiresandallowedthewearertomoveatspeedsofupto93mph.Andwhilethey’reafarcryfrombeingfashionable—orevenremotelycomfortable—atleastyoucouldmovefasterthanarunningcheetah(猎豹).Right?TheCyclomerYouliketheocean,butyouhavetogiveupyourbiketoenterit?TheCyclomerisjustforyou.InventedinParisin1932,thebikeworkedonlandandsea,andcouldcarryaloadofupto120pounds.APianoForTheBed-RiddenThis1935Britishinventionsoughttobringaidtothoseinneedratherthancatchtheminit.Thoughthisinventionneverreallytookoffandalwaysremainedinmodelstage,itwasdesignedtoenabletheill,disabledandbed-ridden(卧床不起的)toplaythepiano.HangoverMaskMadeupoficecubestocooltheface,thismaskwassaidtohelppoorsoulsoftheworldhandletheirhangovers(宿醉).ItwascreatedbyMaxFactorintheUSAin1947.Thebestwaytodealwiththem,though,isnotthroughmasksorice—butjustto,youknow,drinkless.WoodenBathingSuitsInventedinWashingtonin1929andmuchlikethetireswimmingaids,thesebarrel-likewoodenbathingsuitswerecreatedtomakeswimmingeasier.Theywerealsoadoptedasafashionstatement.(1).WhatdoSwimmingAidsandWoodenBathingSuitshaveincommon?A.Theyweremadeofthesamematerial.B.Theyusedtobesymbolsoffashion.C.Theywereinventedbythesameperson.D.Theyhelpedmakeswimminglessdifficult.(2).Accordingtothetext,theCyclomer.

A.wasaveryusefulbicycleB.costasmuchas￡120C.wasintendedforswimmingD.wasaninventionofthe1940s(3).Whatdoesthetextsayaboutthestrangepiano?A.Itusedtobeverypopular.B.ItwasbornintheUKinthe1930s.C.Itwasdesignedforhealthypeople.D.Itwasintendedtohelppatientsrecover.【分析】本文主要介绍了几件奇怪的发明。(1).【答案】D

【解析】根据对SwimmingAids的介绍中的swimmingaids和对WoodenBathingSuits的介绍中的muchlikethetireswimmingaids,thesebarrel-bikewoodenbathingsuitswerecreatedtomakeswimmingeasier可知,这两件发明的共同点是它们都让游泳变得更容易。(2).【答案】A

【解析】根据对TheCyclomer的介绍中的thebikeworkedonlandandsea,andcouldcarryaloadofupto120pounds可知,TheCyclomer是一款非常实用的自行车。(3).【答案】B

【解析】根据对APianoForTheBed-Ridden的介绍中的This1935Britishinvention可知,这款奇怪的钢琴在20世纪30年代诞生于英国。Tenyearsfromnow,mostofthebabyboomerswillberetiredandmillennials,bornbetween1980and2000,willmakeup75percentoftheworkforce.AnewstudyfromBentleyUniversitylooksathowmillennialpreferenceswillshapethefutureofthemodernworkplace.GiventhelovefortextingIwassurprisedbythesurvey’sconclusionthat51percentofmillennialsprefertotalkinperson,19percentemail,21percentchatortextandthephoneissodeadatonly9percent.Particularlyatthebeginningoftheircareer,millennialsneedmorerecognitionthanpreviousgenerations.Theylikepraise,andtheywantcleardirectionastowhatamanagermaybeaskingofthem,whichexplainstheirwillingnesstospeaktoacolleagueinperson.About77percentofthemillennialssurveyedsaythatflexible(灵活的)hourswouldmakethemmoreproductive,while39percentofthemwantmoreremote(远程的)working.Iwassurprisedathowlowtheremoteworkingnumberwas,butthere’sprobablysomeworrythatifthey’reoutofsight,they’reoutofmind,andtheywanttokeepupthatfacetimewiththemanager.There’sacomplaintinthestudythatmillennialsdon’thavethatgoodoldworkethic(职业道德),andaren’twillingtoputinthehoursanddevotetheirlivestotheoffice.Butisthisabadthingoranopportunity?“Whileoldergenerationsthinkoftheirjobasalargepartofwhotheyare,millennialsseeworkasapieceoftheirlifebutnoteverything,”saysLeslieDoolittleofBentley.Asaresult,millennialsseektohavemorework-lifebalance.“Frankly,”saysDoolittle,“Iseethisasahealthyadjustmenttoourworldviewofwork.”Yougettogetherwhenyouwantorneedtotalk,andhangoutifyouwanttobeseen,butotherwisegenerallyworkwhereandwhenyouwant.Thissoundsfamiliar.That’showtheofficestarted400yearsagoinEdwardLloyd’scoffeeshopinLondonandit’sprobablythewayweshouldbedesigningourofficesforthemillennialgeneration.(1).Inwhichwaydomostmillennialsprefertocommunicatewiththeirco-workers?A.Talkinginperson.B.Texting.C.Makingphonecalls.D.Sendingemails.(2).Howaremillennialsdifferentfrompreviousgenerationswhentheybegintheircareer?A.Theyexpectahighersalary.B.Theyneedmorepersonalspace.C.Theyareeagertoberecognized.D.Theyhavetroubleinface-to-facecommunication.(3).WhatisLeslieDoolittle’sattitudetowardsmillennials’viewofwork?A.Supportive.B.Ambiguous.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.(4).Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A.Whytheofficeofthefutureshouldbelikeacoffeeshop.B.Howmillennialskeepabetterwork-lifebalance.C.Whatfutureworkplaceswillbelike.D.Wheremillennialswillwork.【分析】美国Bentley大学调查了出生于1980至2000年间的“千禧一代”,发现他们在职场上更愿意与上司或同事面对面交流,喜欢灵活的工作时间,希望在工作与生活中找到平衡。作者认为要满足这些需求,未来的办公室应该被设计成咖啡店的风格。(1).【答案】A

【解析】根据第2段第1句可知,考虑到年轻人热衷于发短信,调查的结果却令人惊讶,51%的“千禧一代”喜欢面对面交流,19%使用电子邮件,21%选择聊天软件或发短信,而打电话的只占9%。(2).【答案】C

【解析】根据第2段第2、3句可知,“千禧一代”比前几代人更希望弄清楚工作指令,得到表扬和认可。(3).【答案】A

【解析】根据第4段最后一句可知,LeslieDoolittle认为“千禧一代”对工作的看法可以看作是对人们固有的工作观的一种合理调整,因此他支持年轻人的工作观。(4).【答案】A

【解析】根据年轻人对工作中的沟通方式、工作时间和场所的喜好等,作者认为未来的办公场所应被设计成咖啡店的风格。Beforethe20thcentury,afewattemptsweremadeintoidentifying(鉴定)andanalyzingmovementandgesture.ThefirstknownwrittenworkentirelyaddressingbodylanguageisJohnBulwer’sChirologiaOrTheNaturalLanguageoftheHand,publishedin1644.Bythe19thcentury,directorsandteachersofdramawereinstructingtheiractorsandstudentshowtoconveyemotionandattitudethroughmovementandgesture.Perhapsthemostinfluentialpre-twentieth-centuryworkwasCharlesDarwin’sTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimals,publishedin1872.Darwindiscussedtheconnectionbetweenhumans,apes(猿),andmonkeys.Thesespeciesusesimilarfacialexpressions,inherited(承袭)byacommonforefather,toexpresscertainemotions.OutofDarwin’sworkgrewaninterestinethology:thestudyofanimalbehavior.Itproducedthemodernstudiesoffacialexpressionsandbodylanguage,andmanyofDarwin’sideasandobservationshavesincebeenprovedbyresearchersaroundtheworld.Sincethattime,researchershavenotedandrecordedalmostamillionnon-verbalsignals.AlbertMehrabian,apioneerresearcherofbodylanguageinthe1950sattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles(UCLA),foundthatthetotalimpactofamessageisabout7%verbal(wordsonly),38%vocal(includingtoneofvoiceandothersounds)and55percentofyourmessagecomesthroughyourgestures,expressions,andpostures.Mehrabian’sideaisthatthewaypeoplecommunicateisinseparablefromthefeelingsthattheyproject,consciouslyornot,indailysocialinteractions.AlthoughsomepeoplequestionedMehrabian’sfigures,thepointremainsthatbodylanguageandvocalqualitygreatlycontributetothemeaningofthemessageanddeterminetheeffectivenessofourrelationships.ScientistRayBirdwhistellwasanotherearlypioneerintheoriginalstudyofnon-verbalcommunication.Heestimatedthattheaveragepersonactuallyspeakswordsforatotalofabouttenorelevenminutesadayandthattheaveragesentencetakesonlyabout2.5seconds.Birdwhistellalsoestimatedwecanmakeandrecognizearound250,000facialexpressions.(1).Whosebookfirstentirelydescribedbodylanguage?A.AlbertMehrabian’s.B.RayBirdwhistell’s.C.CharlesDarwin’s.D.JohnBulwer’s.(2).WhatcanbelearnedaboutDarwin’sbookmentionedinparagraph2?A.Itisthefirstonetodiscusstheoriginofspecies.B.Ithasagreatinfluenceonmanymodernstudies.C.Itshowsthatanimalbehaviorhasinfluencedhuman’s.D.Itfocusesontherelationshipbetweenhumansandanimals.(3).WhatplaysthemostimportantroleincommunicationaccordingtoMehrabian?A.Words.B.Toneofvoice.C.Bodylanguage.D.Attempts.(4).Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SomemostpopularworksB.EarlystudiesofbodylanguageC.Non-verbalcommunication’sinfluenceD.Earlypioneersincommunicatingwithfacialexpressions【分析】本文主要介绍科学家们关于肢体语言的早期研究。(1).【答案】D

【解析】根据第1段第2句可知,JohnBulwer的ChirologiaOrTheNaturalLanguageoftheHand最早完整地描述了肢体语言。(2).【答案】B

【解析】根据第2段最后两句可知,CharlesDarwin的书TheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimals导致了对动物行为学产生兴趣及关于面部表情和身体语言的现代研究。由此可推断,这本书的影响很大。(3).【答案】C

【解析】根据第3段第2句可知,AlbertMehrabian发现在影响人们交流的因素中,语言(文字)占大约7%,声音(包括语调和其他的声音)占38%,手势、表情、姿态占55%。所以肢体语言很重要。(4).【答案】B

【解析】本文主要介绍了几位科学家关于肢体语言的早期研究。Ineverknewanyonewho’dgrownupinJacksonwithoutbeingafraidofMrsCalloway,ourlibrarian.SheranJackson’sCarnegieLibraryabsolutelybyherself.SILENCEinbigblackletterswasonsignshungeverywhere.Ifshethoughtyouweredressedimproperly,shesentyoustraightbackhometochangeyourclothes.Iwaswilling,Iwoulddoanythingtoread.MymotherwasnotafraidofMrsCalloway.Shewishedmetohavemyownlibrarycardtocheckoutbooksformyself.Shetookmeintointroduceme.“Eudoraisnineyearsoldandhasmypermissiontoreadanybookshewantsfromtheshelves,childrenoradults,”Mothersaid.MrsCallowaymadeherownrulesaboutbooks.Youcouldnottakebackabooktothelibraryonthesamedayyou’dtakenitout;itmadenodifferencetoherthatyou’dreadeverywordinitandneededanothertostart.Youcouldtakeouttwobooksatatimeandtwoonly.Sotwobytwo,IreadlibrarybooksasfastasIcouldgo:rushingthemhomeinthebasketofmybicycle.FromtheminuteIreachedourhouse,Istartedtoread,knewthiswasextremehappinessandknewitatthetime.Mymothersharedthisfeelingofmine.NowIthinkofherasreadingsomuchofthetimewhiledoingsomethingelse.IrememberherreadingamagazinewhiletakingthepartoftheWolfinagameof“LittleRedRidingHood”withmybrother’stwodaughters.She’djustlookupattherighttime,longenoughtoanswer—incharacter—“Thebettertoeatyouwith,mydear,”andgobacktoherplaceinthemagazinearticle.

(1).Whydidtheauthor’smothertakehertoMrsCalloway?A.TowarnMrsCalloway.B.Tolettheauthorreadbooksforfree.C.Tomakesuretheauthorcouldreadanybook.D.TopersuadeMrsCallowaytochangeherrules.(2).WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrsCalloway?A.Quiet.B.Strict.C.Humorous.D.Considerate.(3).Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisfeeling”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Interestingames.B.LoveforMrsCalloway.C.Fearofthelibraryrules.D.Strongwishtoread.(4).Howdoestheauthor’smotherbehavewhenplayinggameswiththeauthor’snieces?A.Absent-mindedly.B.Rudely.C.Seriously.D.Generously.【分析】作者小时候喜爱阅读,从图书馆里借阅很多书,并从中获得巨大快乐。(1).【答案】C

【解析】根据第2段最后一句可知,作者的妈妈带她去图书馆是为了告诉图书馆管理员,她许可作者看任何图书。(2).【答案】B

【解析】根据第1、3段可知,MrsCalloway管理图书馆有很多规定,孩子们都很怕她,说明她很严格。(3).【答案】D

【解析】根据第3、4段可知,作者喜欢阅读,作者的妈妈也有这种感觉,她经常看书,即使在做其他事情时也不忘阅读。(4).【答案】A

【解析】根据最后一句可知,作者的妈妈和作者的侄女玩游戏时,她会一边看书,一边时而抬头回答小孩的问题,接着继续看书。这说明她心不在焉地和小孩玩游戏。6、阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。First100Words—May10,2018Author:RogerPriddyPrice:$17.81Agelevel:1-3Yourlittleonewillsoonlearnsomenecessaryfirstwordsandpictureswiththisbook.Thereare100colorfulphotostolookatandtalkabout,and100simplefirstwordstoreadandlearn,too.Thepagesaremadefromtoughboardforhoursoffunreading,andthecoverissoftlydesignedforlittlehandstohold.WhatIfEverybodySaidThat?—August1,2011Author:EllenJavernickPrice:$6.99Agelevel:3-7Ifyoutellsomeonethattheycan’tplaywithyou,there’snoharmdone,right?Butwhatifeverybodysaidthat?Whatifeverybodyforgottobekindandmadefunofotherkids’artworkatschool?Theworldwouldn’tbeaveryniceplacetolive.WhatIfEverybodySaidThat?exploresthepowerofwordsandshowskidsthatthethingswesaymatter.GiraffesCan’tDance—March1,2012Author:GilesAndreaePrice:$11.30Agelevel:4-12GiraffesCan’tDanceisatouchingtaleofGeraldthegiraffe,whowantsnothingmorethantodance.Withlongthinlegs,it’sharderforagiraffethanyouwouldthink.Geraldisfinallyabletodancewhenhegetssomeencouragingwordsfromanunlikelyfriend.Thistaleisgentleinspirationforeverychildwithdreamsofgreatness.SummerBridgeActivities—January25,2015Author:JonathanBrownPrice:$10.00Agelevel:13-15GiveyourkidsaheadstartontheirupcomingschoolyearwithSummerBridgeActivities.Thisbookseriespreventssummerlearninglossandpavesthewaytoasuccessfulnewschoolyear.Andthisisnoaverageworkbook—itkeepsthefunandthesuninsummerbreak!Designedtokeepkidsmentallyandphysicallyactive,thehands-onexercisescanbedoneanywhere.(1).Whichbookcomesouttheearliest?A.First100Words.B.GiraffesCan’tDance.C.SummerBridgeActivities.D.WhatIfEverybodySaidThat?(2).WhatcanreaderslearnfromGiraffesCan’tDance?A.Nevergiveupbeforedifficulties.B.Thepoweroffriendshipisgreat.C.Don’tlaughatothers’encouragement.D.Dreambigbeforeachievingsuccess.(3).Childrenwhobegintolearnwordscanreadthebookwrittenby_________.

A.GilesAndreaeB.EllenJavernickC.RogerPriddyD.JonathanBrown【分析】本文主要介绍了四本书的相关信息。(1).【答案】D

【解析】根据文中对四本书的出版时间的介绍可知答案。(2).【答案】A

【解析】根据文中对GiraffesCan’tDance一书的介绍中的第2、3句可知,不能一遇到困难就放弃,坚持就是胜利。(3).【答案】C

【解析】根据文中对First100Words一书的介绍可知答案。“TodayImadeaself-drivingcar,”NyEla,10,saystoaroomofcheeringparentsandgirlsrangingfromelementarytohighschool.“Itwasprettyeasy.”Justhoursago,NyElahadneverprogrammed,andnowshewasshowingoffhercreation,agamewhereacarnavigatesaroughtrack.NyEladoveintocomputerprogrammingwiththehelpofanorganizationcalledBlackGirlsCode(BGC).BlackAmericansmakeupjust7percentoftheAmericantechnologyengineers.Just3percentareblackwomen.Theseraceandgendergapscan’tbeexplainedbylackofaccess;thedayswhenyouhadtobewealthytouseacomputerasakidhavegone.AccordingtoBarbaraJ.Ericson,aresearchscientistatGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,thebiggestproblemnowisthattheydon’tgettheopportunitytotakecomputerscienceclassesbeforecollege.OfallthosewhotooktheAdvancedPlacementtestincomputersciencein2015,78percentweremaleandonly4percentwereblack.“Thestudentswithpreviousexperienceinthosefieldsaretheoneswhoaregoingtosucceedincollege,”Ericsonsays.BGCintroducesyoungblackwomentocomputerprogrammingbyhostingweekendcodingsessionsandpairingthemwithguides.MostoftheBGCvolunteersworkintechandareawareoftheindustry’smassivediversityproblem.“TechismostlywhiteandAsian,”saysRobertHui,aprogrammerwithNetflixwhovolunteeredhisdaytoteachthegirlstocode.“It’sbeenlikethissincecollege.”Hesaysabout25percentwerefemaleinhisentry-level(入门级)undergraduatecomputerscienceclasses,butthatnumberdecreasedashemovedintomoreadvancedclasses.ButHuialsothinkschangeiscoming.Afteroneexhaustingdayofworkingthroughcomputerbugs,agirlranuptoonevolunteerandsaid,“I’mgoingtoworkatGooglewhenIgrowupandI’mgoingtorideabikeatlunch,”provingshe’salreadygotthesoulofatechie.(1).WhatwasNyElaproudof?A.Creatingacomputergame.B.Learninghowtodriveacar.C.Makingaself-drivingplane.D.Teachingcomputerprogramming.(2).WhyareblackAmericanwomenrareintechnologyjobs?A.Theycan’taffordacomputer.B.TheylacktheopportunitytosurftheInternet.C.TheyfailtopasstheAdvancedPlacementtest.D.Theycan’treachouttocomputersciencebeforecollege.(3).WhatdoesRobertHuiprobablythinkofhisvolunteerwork?A.Exhausting.B.Useless.C.Rewarding.D.Thoughtless.(4).Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThefutureofdriverlesscarsB.BGC—changingthefaceoftechnologyC.FightingforqualityintechnologyindustryD.Computerprogramming—benefitingyourstudy【分析】BlackGirlsCode(BGC)的志愿者在周末为小学至高中的黑人女学生上编程课,激励她们未来从事科技领域的工作。(1).【答案】A

【解析】根据第1段第3句可知,就在几个小时前,NyEla还没有编过程序,现在她却在展现她的作品——一个汽车在崎岖不平的道路上行驶的游戏。(2).【答案】D

【解析】根据第2段第4句可知,黑人女性在科技岗位中占少数是因为她们在上大学之前没有机会上计算机课。(3).【答案】C

【解析】根据最后一段倒数第2、3句可知,RobertHui说在他的计算机科学入门课程中,大约有25%是女生,但随着他进入更高级的课程,这个数字减少了。但他也认为变化即将来临。由此可知,他认为他的志愿者工作是有意义的。(4).【答案】B

【解析】本文讲述了BGC机构为改变黑人女性在科技行业中占少数的现状而组织她们学习编程的故事。故选B,BGC改变科技的面貌,此处face暗指从业人员的肤色。Incountrieswherepeopleareenjoyinggreaterwealth,meatsonthetablecanbeasymbolofbeingwelloff.Yet,fewpeoplestoptoconsidertheharmfulresultsofheavymeateating.Yearsago,thatgreatHungarianphilosopherofscience,ErvinLászló,saidthatheavymeateatingwasacrimeagainstthefutureofhumanity.Howfar-sightedhiswordswere.Therearethreemainreasonswhyweshouldeatlessmeat.Firstly,wemayreducefactoryfarms.Secondly,toreducetheshockingdamagethemeatproductionindustrybringstotheenvironmentanditscontributiontoclimatechange.Andfinally,toimprovehumanhealth.Mostpeopledonotrealizetheunspeakablecrueltysufferedbyanimalsonfactoryfarms.Andsomewhoknow,donotreallycare.Theysaythat,afterall,theanimalsarekeptforfood.Somepeoplesaywhentheystoppedeatingmeattheyimmediatelyfeltbetter,lighter.Itiswellknownthattoomuchredmeatbringsbadeffectstohumans,andmeatconsumptioncertainlyplaysaroleintheglobalriseinobesity.Antibiotics(抗生素)arenowsuppliedonaregularbasisjusttokeepanimalsaliveinthecrowdedanddepressingconditionsinthefactoryfarms.Inevitablybacteriaarebuildingupresistance(耐药性),andsomepeoplehavealreadydiedfromsimpleinfections(感染)thatrefusedtorespondtotheantibioticsmeanttocurethem.Hugeareasofforestarecutdowntogrowthegraintofeedthebillionsofanimalsweeateachyear,ortoprovidegrass.Hugeamountsofwaterarewastedtochangevegetableproteinintoanimalprotein.Thenwemustconsiderthelargequantityofmethaneproducedbythedigestivesystemsoftheanimals,especiallycows.Andfinally,thevastamountsoffossilfuelsusedtokeepthewholemeatproducingindustryoperationalareaddinghugelytothegreenhousegases.(1).WhydoestheauthormentionErvinLászlóinparagraph1?A.Toexplainwhypeopleenjoyeatingmeat.B.Toraisepeople’svoiceagainstcrueltytoanimals.C.Tosupporthisargumentagainstheavymeateating.D.Toshowthateatingmeatisforbiddeninsomecountries.(2).Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thebenefitsofheavymeateating.B.Themainreasonsforeatinglessmeat.C.Thebadinfluencesofclimatechange.D.Thedisadvantagesoffactoryfarms.(3).Whatcanweinferabouttheanimalsinthefactoryfarms?A.Theyarewell-treatedonfarms.B.Theyarekeptforentertainment.C.Thenumberofantibioticsinthemisdecreasing.D.Eatingtheirmeataffectsbacterialresistanceinthehumanbody.(4).Howdoesmodernmeatproductioninfluencewater?A.Bydestroyingwatersources.B.Byputtingfossilfuelsintowater.C.Bypollutingwaterwithanimalwastes.D.Bywastingmuchwatertogrowfoodforanimals.【分析】大量吃肉不仅会使养殖场的动物遭到虐待,会危害人体健康,而且会对环境造成巨大的破坏。(1).【答案】C

【解析】根据第1段最后两句可知,几年前,伟大的匈牙利科学哲学家ErvinLászló曾说过,吃大量的肉是危害人类未来的罪行。他的话是多么有远见。再结合下文作者对吃肉的态度可知,作者提及ErvinLászló是为了支持他少吃肉的论点。(2).【答案】B

【解析】通读第2段可知,本段主要介绍了人们应该少吃肉的主要原因。(3).【答案】D

【解析】根据第3段最后两句可知,为了让动物在拥挤压抑的养殖场里生存,抗生素被定期使用。动物体内会有抗生素残留。如此一来,人类在吃肉后,人体内的细菌的耐药性也不可避免地不断增强。(4).【答案】D

【解析】根据最后一段第1、2句可知,为了将植物蛋白转化为动物蛋白,大量的水被浪费掉了。由此可知,在现代肉类的生产中,大量的水被用于种植谷物来喂养动物。I’dbeenatCampEggletonforonlytwodaysbeforeIgotmynickname(绰号),ScreamingToad.Whenwewereonourfirstnaturewalk,atreefrogdroppedontomyshirt.Iscreamed.Ididn’tevenknowIcouldmakeasoundlikethat.Mostkidslaughedandforgotit.ButStanwouldn’t.Threedayslater,MrMatttolduswewouldplayagame.Thetwo-personteamtofindthemosttreasureshiddeninthewoodsgetssomeicecream.MrMattstartedreadingoffpairsofnames.Mynerves(神经)gotcompletelyfriedwhenhesaid,“Andfinally,JayandStan.”“Ifthemosquitoes(蚊子)arebitingyou,justaskScreamingToadtoeatthemforyou,”Stancalledout.Onekidlaughed,butmostwerealreadybusylookingfortreasures.ThenIhadanidea,“Stan,ifwesplitup,we’llhaveabetterchanceoffindingstuff.”Stanagreedandwalkeddownthepathalone.

Tenminuteslater,Iheardsomethingthatremindedmeofmyselfafewdaysago.Irantowardthesound.Stanwasjumpingaroundlikeamonkey,screaming:“Ants!Ants!”Iledhimintoamudpuddle(泥坑).Hewassurprisedatfirst,andthenhemusthaverealizedwhyIwasdoingit.Theitch(痒)wasgoingawayandsoweretheants.“Iguessyou’regoingtohaveaprettygoodstoryforeveryonelater,”Stansaidworriedly.“Iguessso.You’llprobablybeknownasDancingAntfromnowon.”Thatnight,weallsataroundthecampfire.IcouldseeStan’sworryasclearasdaylight.Hewaswaitingforit.ButIsaidnothing.Iknewhowitfelttobelaughedat.Thenextday,whenIwaspickedforabasketballteam,someonecalled,“Nofair!ScreamingToad’sanaturaljumper!”Stanshoutedback,“Knockitoff.HisnameisJay.”(1).WhydidJaygethisnickname?A.HeofferedtohelpStan.B.HesignedupforCampEggleton.C.Hegavetheotherboysnicknames.D.Heshoutedloudlywhenatreefrogfellonhim.(2).Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“splitup”probablymeaninparagraph3?A.Unite.B.Separate.C.Apologize.D.Share.(3).WhydidJaybringStantothemudpuddle?A.TomakeStancalmdown.B.Togivehimachancetosaysorry.C.Todriveawaytheantsandtheitch.D.TopreventStanfromhurtinghimself.(4).Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Twohea